HOW MUSIC INFLUENCES OUR LIVES

Music is a vital part of different moments of human life. It spreads happiness and joy in a person’s life. Music is the soul of life and gives immense peace to us. In the words of William Shakespeare “If music is the food of love, play on, Give me excess of it; that surfeiting, The appetite may sicken, and so die.” Thus, Music helps us in connecting with our souls or real self.

Essay on Music

What is Music?

Music is a pleasant sound which is a combination of melodies and harmony and which soothes you. Music may also refer to the art of composing such pleasant sounds with the help of the various musical instruments. A person who knows music is a Musician.

The music consists of Sargam, Ragas, Taals, etc. Music is not only what is composed of men but also which exists in nature. Have you ever heard the sound of a waterfall or a flowing river? Could you hear music there? Thus, everything in harmony has music. Here, I would like to quote a line by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, one of the greatest musicians, “The music is not in the notes, but in the silence between.”

Importance of Music:

Music has great qualities of healing a person emotionally and mentally. Music is a form of meditation. While composing or listening music ones tends to forget all his worries, sorrows and pains. But, in order to appreciate good music, we need to cultivate our musical taste. It can be cited that in the Dwapar Yug, the Gopis would get mesmerized with the music that flowed from Lord Krishna’s flute. They would surrender themselves to Him. Also, the research has proved that the plants which hear the Music grow at a faster rate in comparison to the others.

Magical Powers of Music:

It has the power to cure diseases such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, etc. The power of Music can be testified by the legends about Tansen of his bringing the rains by singing Raag Megh Malhar and lighting lamps by Raga Deepak. It also helps in improving the concentration and is thus of great help to the students.

Conclusion:

Music is the essence of life. Everything that has rhythm has music. Our breathing also has a rhythm. Thus, we can say that there is music in every human being or a living creature. Music has the ability to convey all sorts of emotions to people. Music is also a very powerful means to connect with God. We can conclude that Music is the purest form of worship of God and to connect with our soul.

KUMARASWAMI KAMARAJ


Kumaraswami Kamaraj, (born July 15, 1903, Virudunagar, India—died October 2, 1975, Madras [now Chennai]), Indian independence activist and statesman who rose from humble beginnings to become a legislator in the Madras Presidency (an administrative unit of British India that encompassed much of southern India), chief minister (head of government) of the successor Madras state in independent India (now largely occupied by Tamil Nadu state and also including portions of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Kerala states), and president of the Indian National Congress (Congress Party).

Kamaraj was born in what is now southern Tamil Nadu to a family of the Nadar (next-to-lowest) caste. His father, a coconut merchant, died when Kamaraj was a young boy. When he was 12 years old, he dropped out of school and began working in a cloth shop. He soon found himself drawn to the Indian independence movement against British rule and began attending public meetings held by local Congress Party leaders and later volunteering in various capacities (e.g., organizing fund-raising rallies for the party in his home district).

Kamaraj joined the party at age 17, just as the noncooperation movement (1920–22) led by Mohandas K. Gandhi was getting under way, and became a full-time worker for the independence cause. His participation in the Salt March act of civil disobedience (satyagraha) in 1930 earned him a sentence of two years in prison (he was released in 1931 as part of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact agreement). He would be imprisoned several more times by the British, notably in 1942–45 for his prominent role in the Congress Party’s large-scale Quit India campaign against British rule. He used his time in prison to give himself the education he had not received as a child.

In 1954 Kamaraj was elected chief minister for Madras state, and in 1957 he won a seat in the state legislative assembly. While in office he was credited with greatly advancing education in the state through programs that built new schools, introduced compulsory education, and provided meals and free uniforms for students. His administration improved the state’s economy by implementing a large number of irrigation projects and enacting laws that protected small farmers from exploitation by landlords. In 1963 he voluntarily left office under what came to be known as the Kamaraj Plan, which called for the voluntary resignations of high-level national and state officials in order to devote their efforts to rebuilding the Congress Party at the grassroots level following India’s disastrous border war with China.

Soon thereafter he was appointed president of the party. He was largely responsible for placing Lal Bahadur Shastri in the prime ministership in 1964 and Indira Gandhi in 1966—both times defeating the future prime minister and Gandhi opponent Morarji Desai. Kamaraj was defeated in the 1967 state legislative elections. Soon after, he was maneuvered out of the party leadership by Gandhi as she consolidated her power. In January 1969 he won a by-election to the Lok Sabha, and later that year he was part of an old-guard leaders’ group that tried to remove Gandhi from power. The party split, however, leaving Kamaraj and his associates with a small splinter group. He nonetheless won reelection to his seat in 1971 and retained it until his death.

Kamaraj’s low social origins contributed to his success in bringing low-caste and Dalit (formerly “untouchable”) voters into the Congress fold. He underscored his strong belief in personal contact by visiting nearly all the villages in his state more than once. In 1976 he was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian.

BLOGGING


There are many reasons to start a blog for personal use and only a handful of strong ones for business blogging. Blogging for business, projects, or anything else that might bring you money has a very straightforward purpose – to rank your website higher in Google SERPs, a.k.a. increase your visibility.

As a business, you rely on consumers to keep buying your products and services. As a new business, you rely on blogging to help you get to potential consumers and grab their attention. Without blogging, your website would remain invisible, whereas running a blog makes you searchable and competitive.

So, the main purpose of a blog is to connect you to the relevant audience. Another one is to boost your traffic and send quality leads to your website.

The more frequent and better your blog posts are, the higher the chances for your website to get discovered and visited by your target audience. This means that a blog is an effective lead generation tool. Add a great call to action (CTA) to your content, and it will convert your website traffic into high-quality leads. A blog also allows you to showcase your niche authority and build a brand.

When you use your niche knowledge for creating informative and engaging posts, it builds trust with your audience. Great blogging makes your business look more credible, which is especially important if your brand is still young and fairly unknown. It ensures presence online and niche authority at the same time.

Blog structure
The appearance of blogs has changed over time, and these days blogs include a wide variety of items and widgets. However, most blogs still include some standard features and structures.

Here are common features that a typical blog will include:

Header with the menu or navigation bar.
Main content area with highlighted or latest blog posts.
Sidebar with social profiles, favorite content, or call-to-action.
Footer with relevant links like a disclaimer, privacy policy, contact page, etc.
Basic blog structure
The above example is the basic structure of the average blog. Each item has its own importance and helps visitors to navigate through your blog.

Blogs and websites
Many people still wonder if there is any difference between a blog and a website. What is a blog and what is a website? It’s even more challenging to differentiate between the two today. Many companies are integrating blogs into their websites as well, which further confuses the two.

What differentiates blogs from websites?
Blogs need frequent updates. Good examples of this include a food blog sharing meal recipes or a company writing about their industry news.

Blogs also promote reader engagement. Readers have a chance to comment and voice their different concerns and thoughts to the community. Blog owners update their site with new blog posts on a regular basis.

ZOO

The world is a huge place to see. It consists of so many living organisms that it is impossible to see each and every one of them. Especially for human beings, who are fascinated very much by animals. For the same reasons, zoos were created so that humans can interact better with animals.

Essay on Zoo
In other words, a zoo is a facility that has animals, birds, and reptiles of all kinds. They are confined to space where they are given food and medical facilities. The government has given strict guidelines to maintain a zoo. This is done keeping in mind the animal’s safety. In addition, zoos are made breeding grounds for animals to protect their species.

Benefits of Zoo
Zoos were made to bring wildlife closer to humans. It gave humans a better and up-close view of them. This allows various researchers and scientists to note the behavioral pattern of the animals. It helps them in their studies and discover new things.

In addition, zoos are a great source of entertainment for kids. They love visiting zoos and interacting with animals. This helps them learn practical knowledge about the animal. It also gives them exposure to wildlife and widens their knowledge.

Furthermore, zoos give us easy access to rare animals. Had it not been for zoos, we would have never been able to see what some animals looked like. We enjoy their behavior and it also creates awareness about the extinction of the rare species.

Similarly, zoos are a safe breeding ground for animals. They ensure the animal breeds so they never go extinct. This helps in creating a good balance. Moreover, the zoos ensure the animals get all the nutrition in their bodies to lead a healthy life. This is beneficial as the animal may not get guaranteed meals in the forests.

Disadvantages of Zoo
While the zoo is a great place for entertainment, it is also very exploitive. It takes advantage of the poor animals to make a profit off them. The zoos keep animals in very bad conditions. It takes unethical methods just to create revenue.

Furthermore, zoos are very unfair to animals. They take the animals out of their natural habitats just for the sake of human entertainment. Why would the animals be put into cages as humans want them to? They are voiceless creatures who are being forced to live in poor conditions. Imagine putting humans into cages so animals could come to see them. It sounds inhumane the other way around but not when we do the same to animals.

Most importantly, zoos do not take proper care of exotic animals. They bring them over in their facility despite knowing that they cannot survive in that climate. Some zoos do not take enough precautionary measures to keep the animals safe. This has resulted in so many deaths of animals that it seems cruel.

In short, though zoos are very helpful to humans and animals to an extent. They must be monitored constantly to ensure the animals are safe. The unethical zoos must be shut down at once to prevent any further loss of animals.

AMOZON FOREST


The Amazon is burning. Around 73,000 km2 of land was burnt in the Amazon rainforest of Brazil in 2019 – fires across the whole of Brazil were almost double the number in 2018. And they continue into 2020. Soaring deforestation is one of the main causes of these fires. We must fight the causes and protect this precious place.

WHY THE AMAZON IS SO IMPORTANT
South America’s Amazon contains nearly a third of all the tropical rainforests left on Earth. Despite covering only around 1% of the planet’s surface, the Amazon is home to 10% of all the wildlife species we know about – and probably a lot that we don’t know yet.

Our research shows that, on average, a ‘new’ species of animal or plant is being discovered in the Amazon every 3 days. However, tragically, because huge parts of the forest are being destroyed so fast, we may never know all the riches it holds.

People around the world, as well as locally, depend on the Amazon. Not just for food, water, wood and medicines, but to help stabilise the climate, playing a critical role in global and regional carbon and water cycles.

The Amazon is under siege like never before. Deforestation and fire are once again on the increase, and protected areas and indigenous lands face increasing threats. It needs our help more than ever. We cannot tackle the climate crisis without the Amazon’s vital life-sustaining role.

Just two quick facts to give you an idea of what’s at stake here. 1) The Amazon has more species of primate than anywhere else on Earth. 2) You can find more types of ant on one tree in the Amazon than you can in some whole countries.

We’re so determined to help protect the Amazon, for the benefit of its people and for the planet as a whole. Your help will be vital.

WORLD’S LARGEST NATIONAL PARK PROTECTING A TROPICAL RAINFOREST
We worked for decades with many other organisations to expand Chiribiquete National Park in the heart of the Colombian Amazon. We finally won in 2018, and in more good news the park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site – recognition of its enormous value. Deforestation, climate change, the expansion of the agricultural frontier, illegal timber extraction, illicit crops and unplanned settlements, remain significant threats to Colombia’s forests: 66 per cent of the country’s deforestation occurs in the Amazon region. We’re now supporting the creation of a fund to increase the amount of land in Colombia’s protected area system and make sure that the land is properly managed and protected .

GANGA DUSSEHRA

Ganga Dussehra, also known as Gangavataran, is a Hindu festival celebrating the avatarana (descent) of the Ganges. It is believed by Hindus that the holy river Ganges descended from heaven to earth on this day. Ganga Dussehra takes place on Dashami (10th day) of the waxing moon (Shukla Paksha) of the Hindu calendar month Jyeshtha. The festival celebration lasts ten days, including the nine days preceding this holy day.

Ganga Dussehra is observed by Hindus mainly in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, and West Bengal, where the river flows. Haridwar, Varanasi, Garhmukteshwar, Rishikesh, Prayagraj, and Patna are the main locations of the celebrations, where devotees gather at the banks of the Ganges and perform aartis (a religious ritual in which a light lamp is moved clockwise circularly in front of a deity as a part of prayer) to the river. Taking a dip in the river on this day is believed to bring the devotee to a state of purification and also heal any physical ailments he may have. In Sanskrit, dasha means ten and hara means destroy; thus bathing in the river during these ten days is believed to rid the person of ten sins or, alternatively, ten lifetimes of sins.

On the same day, the river Yamuna is also worshipped and kite-flying events are organized. Devotees take a holy dip in the Yamuna at places like Mathura, Vrindavan, and Bateshwar, and give offerings of watermelon and cucumber They distribute drinks such as lassi, sharbat and shikanji.

In 2017, an estimated 15 lakh people celebrated the festival in Haridwar. At the Dashashwamedh Ghat in Varanasi, several rituals such as deep daan (offering of floating diyas to the river) and maha aarti are conducted. In Patna, a grand aarti is performed in the evening by priests at Gandhi Ghat and an 1100m garland is offered to the river at Adalat Ghat.

FAMILY – LOVABLE BOND

Keerthana Balraj's avatarEduindex News

The best gift God has given to all living beings on earth is a family. Getting a happy family is a blessing because not everyone in the world has it. The pleasure of living with your parents, fighting over petty with your siblings can just make you smile the moment you think about it.

My family has always supported me without any claim, from the moral teachings to love and support. For me, my family is like a strong pillar on which I can rely blindly whenever I need support. My family is always there to inspire and support me to overcome all life challenges and accomplish things. A relation is a unique kind of love that gives you all the lessons you need to live a healthy lifestyle.

My family is one of the world’s craziest families. We ‘re four members, my mother, my father, my younger brother, and…

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FAMILY – LOVABLE BOND


The best gift God has given to all living beings on earth is a family. Getting a happy family is a blessing because not everyone in the world has it. The pleasure of living with your parents, fighting over petty with your siblings can just make you smile the moment you think about it.

My family has always supported me without any claim, from the moral teachings to love and support. For me, my family is like a strong pillar on which I can rely blindly whenever I need support. My family is always there to inspire and support me to overcome all life challenges and accomplish things. A relation is a unique kind of love that gives you all the lessons you need to live a healthy lifestyle.

My family is one of the world’s craziest families. We ‘re four members, my mother, my father, my younger brother, and me. While my dad is the one who works for a living, my mom is the boss of the house. My dad is a humble person. He doesn’t scold us. But, just the opposite, our mother. She needs us to remain vigilant, and she quite often scolds us.

I have a wonderful family, and I love every member of my family.
My family is made up of four members- father, mother, brother, and myself.
My dad is an engineer, and my mother, by profession, is a school teacher.
Every member of my family loves, respects, and cares for one another.
My family goes there once every two weeks for a picnic.
After dinner each night, we all like to spend time with each other.
My family has taught me strong lessons about our love, solidarity, and cooperation.
Why family is important?
Families are wealth, which not everyone is lucky enough to have. Sometimes, those who have don’t value this gift. Families are important because they assist in our development. They grow us all into a full-fledged human with individual identity. They always offer us a sense of comfort and a safe place to flourish within. We learn to socialize and develop our intellect through our families. Studies demonstrate that people who live with their families tend to be happier than those who live alone. In times of trouble, they serve as your pillar.

When the entire world questions you, families are the only ones who believe in you. Similarly, they ‘re the first to cheer you up when you’re down and out. Having a supportive family by your side is a great blessing. In ups and downs, my family has always been at my side. They taught me how to be a better human being. I will be grateful to my family forever for what they did to me. Without them, I can’t imagine my life. They are my first instructors and friends.

The atmosphere in my family
We have a peaceful environment at home. After school, we spent our time studying, playing and watching TV, which our mother certainly doesn’t like. Like other partners, my mum and father rarely fight. In reality, as soon as we see an argument coming up, one of them just withdraws, and a heated debate between them is just rare to see. That’s what I like most about them because I feel my parents are so sweet. It is just my brother and me who enjoy competing with each other.

However, we know that it is truly our love for one another that holds us together behind those battles. I just enjoy spending time at home with my parents and my brother. I feel like how bad it will be when we go on with our professional lives tomorrow, and we won’t be able to spend a lot of time together.

My family values
My family values are what I care so much about because they have made me what I am today, and I intend to pass on these great values in the future to my children. Every family has those things, acts, and values that they hold in high regard and so much appreciation

My Family Values include –
Loyalty
This is a strongly secured concept within my family. Since my childhood, my family has made me learn how to be honest and the benefits that lie inside

Kindness
My mom believes that if the world and everyone in it shows love and kindness to each other, there will be no hatred, and wars will be wiped out.

Education
This is a concept passed down in my family from generation to generation. My dad would say the best legacy you can give a child is education.

Appearance
I don’t want to be wrongly addressed and give the wrong impression. So, the way we dress and our appearance matters a lot to us.

Why do I love my family?
My father is the world’s best father. I am looking a lot at my father because I want to take a lot of his habits and make them mine. He taught me to be satisfied with everything that I have. My mum is the world’s greatest chef. Without my mum, I don’t know where I will be today. I owe her quite a deal.

My brother is one of the greatest presents that I’ve received. He is the last kid, so if you know what I mean, this gives him the potential to be irritating.

Conclusion
Each family has one thing or the other, which they hold in high regard and continue to pass from one generation to another. That is what makes a family a single group not because blood binds us but because we share the same beliefs. We always have one reason to love our family. I love my family because it’s the best gift I’ve ever been able to ask for and the fact they’ve been there for me through the good, bad, and fun times. They are a complete word for me. They are always to support me during my tough times.

3 habits that can change your life.

In today’s world, people don’t even have time to capitalize on themselves because of there hectic schedule and sometimes because of careless behaviour. There are few habits that if you follow with disciplines. Then you actually can change the world.

1) Physical fitness- in studies it is proven that a person who does physical activity is likely to have a better IQ or intelligence than a person who doesn’t do any physical activity and the reason behind it is when we any type of aerobic or cardio exercise our blood flow increases which leads to a lot of benefits like. Strengthens your vision, prevent you from various syndrome including cardiovascular diseases, provide glow on the face, upgrades quality of life.

2. Reading – reading is as important habit as doing physical activity. the first habit talks about training your body and this habit talk about training your mind. This habit is very important as far as our mental fitness or health is concerned. My suggestion is to read every day anything of your choice for eg. Right after doing physical activity in the morning start reading if you are reading a book give yourself a target of reading 10 to 15 pages every day or start your day by reading the newspaper it will not only increases your knowledge but also improve your communication skills and if you pursue this habit regularly it will help you a lot to grow. ‘A person who reads is the person who leads’

3. Writing- It is one of the most important habits towards your growth. Start writing everyday anything of your choice this will improve your non-verbal skills as wells as enhance your knowledge and also plays a vital role in your communication skills. I’m pressing a lot of pressure on communication skills because in today’s world if you want to accel in your life. communication is very important. Remember the power of expression is a core quality of a leader.

DUTY OF GOOD STUDENTS

DUTY OF GOOD STUDENTS
The first duty of an good student is to study. His main interest is his studies. He is genuinely interested in his books. He doesn’t have to force himself to read. He does not require any external pressure. His parents need not goad him to study. His teachers are confident of his earnestness. He devotes most of his time to his work. He takes pleasure in his work. He does not allow any other activity to disturb or distract him.

An good student is therefore well versed in his courses of study. He is hardworking and intelligent. He is conscientious. The result is that he is regular in his work. He does not allow his work to pile up. He is attentive in the classroom. He takes notes and improves upon them at home. If there is any difficulty he consults the teacher without any hesitation. Of course he does not cram. Nor does he study only from the examination point of view. He, therefore, does not fear the examination. An examination offers him an opportunity to show and test his ability. Generally, he avails himself of this opportunity.

But he is not a book-worm. He is keen but not blind. He goes frequently beyond the prescribed text-books. Being intelligent, he is able to select his reading wisely. He does not read more than he can digest. Moreover, he does not read for show. He has well defined tastes and he develops them with patience and care. He knows his own limitations. He does not waste his time in struggling with books that are beyond his grasp. This does not mean that he remains content with his achievements. On the contrary, he makes earnest efforts to improve his mind and is systematic in his reading.
Naturally, he cannot do without the teacher’s guidance. He has faith in the superior knowledge of his teachers. He goes to them and discusses his difficulties. He then goes to the library and picks up books suggested by the teacher, Advanced students.plan their reading. There are books without number. Planning is therefore necessary. An good student does not waste his time and energy on trash. He goes to the classics, the great books; first.

Apart from studies, an good student is interested in many other things. Books are necessary but they are not everything. Constant and unbroken reading makes a person dull. If also affects one’s health. So the good student is interested in games and sports. He may not be an excellent .player of any game but he has enthusiasm for playing. If he cannot play he at least participates as a spectator, Besides games there are other general activities at a college. An good student participates in as many of these activities as possible. He picks and chooses according to his taste. If he has taste for literature he joins the literary union. Is he is interested in debating, he joins the debating society. He may be good actor. In this case he takes a prominent part in the dramatic society. In short, he contributes as much as he can to the life of the institution where he studies.

An good student’s attitude to discipline is worth mentioning. Many students look upon discipline as a check on their freedom. An good student regards discipline with respect and understanding. With him discipline is not an external force. He disciplines himself. He does not go against the rules of the college. If he finds the rules unreasonable, he goes to the principal and expresses his opinion. He is not afraid of the authorities because he is not against them. He does not agitate or join strikes on tribal issues. In fact he discourages such interdisciplinary activities. He co-operates with the authorities for running the institution along efficient lines.

What is his attitude to politics? This is a controversial matter. Some persons regard politics as harmful to students. They suggest that students should keep aloof from politics. There are others who think that students most actively take part in politics. Both the positions are wrong. How can a grown-up student be blind to politics? He is an intelligent person. He reads newspapers, listens to the radio, reads books, keeps his eyes and ears open. Can be remain ignorant of the political currents in his country? The answer is an emphatic no. Now if he cannot remain ignorant he cannot help taking some interest in politics. The problem is what should be the extent of his interest.

An good student solves this problem in a very intelligent manner. He takes interest in politics. He tries his best to understand what is happening in the country and in the world. But he keeps his mind open. He does not jump to conclusions. He may discuss political issues with his friends or on the college platform, but he does not allow his mind to become prejudiced. He does not, therefore, attach himself to any political party. He remains free. Normally speaking, he does not take part in demonstrations and strikes. He is wise enough to know that such things are often engineered by interested political parties. It is only in times of national crisis that he may give up his studies and join a political organization. Many students, for instance, took an active part in the struggle for independence. Many of them Here good students. They sacrified their studies temporarily for the noble cause.

An good students generally on affectionate terms with his parents and other members of the family. He loves them and is loved in return. He is not impudent. He knows the financial condition of his parents and does his best to economize in everything. He is never a burden on them. Some hardworking students work and earn even as they study. In our country this practice is not so common. In foreign countries most of the students work during the vacation to supplement their allowance. Unfortunately here people look down upon a student who does tuition or any other work. This should not be so. An good student, in any case, does not mind working if necessary.

As suggested above, an good student is well-informed. His interests are not narrow. There is no harm if he takes interest in films, · Only he should not become a filmaddict. He should try to know everything. He should know what is where. It is unfortunate that many of our students lack general knowledge. This is because they do not read newspapers. They think it is a waste of time. They have no hobbies except idle talk. Chitchat is delightful but you cannot talk intelligently without being well-informed. An good student does not waste his time in useless gossip.

Of course, an good student is well-behaved, He is graceful in everything that he does. He tries to be sweet to others. He is not selfish. As far as possible he helps weaker boys in studies. Wherever he may be he gives a good account of himself. In his personal appearance he is neat and clean and simple. He does not misbehave in the bus or on the roadside. In fact the question of misbehaviour does not arise. He may commit mistakes as anyone may. But he is not ashamed of admitting his mistakes. He tries to remove them as best as he can.

An intelligent interest in studies, wide but systematic reading, interest in extra-curricular activities, general knowledge, simplicity and grace these are some of the most important qualities of an good student.

Indian cricket team.

Indian cricket team.

The Indian men’s national cricket team, also known as Team India and Men in Blue, is governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), and is a Full Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test, One-Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) status.

Cricket was introduced to India by British sailors in the 18th century, and the first cricket club was established in 1792. India’s national cricket team did not play its first Test match until 25 June 1932 at Lord’s, becoming the sixth team to be granted test cricket status. From 1932 India had to wait until 1952, almost 20 years for its first Test victory. In its first fifty years of international cricket, India was one of the weaker teams, winning only 35 of the first 196 Test matches it played. The team, however, gained strength in the 1970s with the emergence of players such as batsmen Gavaskar, Viswanath, Kapil Dev, and the Indian spin quartet.

Traditionally much stronger at home than abroad, the Indian team has improved its overseas form, especially in limited-overs cricket, since the start of the 21st century, winning Test matches in Australia, England and South Africa. It is second cricket team to win World Cup after West Indies. It has won the Cricket World Cup twice – in 1983 under the captaincy of Kapil Dev and in 2011 under the captaincy of Mahendra Singh Dhoni. After winning the 2011 World Cup, India became only the third team after West Indies and Australia to have won the World Cup more than once, and the first cricket team to win the World Cup at home. It also won the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 and 2013 ICC Champions Trophy, under the captaincy of MS Dhoni. It was also the joint champions of 2002 ICC Champions Trophy, along with Sri Lanka. The team has also won the Asian Cup seven times, making them one of the most successful cricket team in both Asia and the world. They are also one of the only four teams to win all major ICC tournaments. India have also won the ICC Test Championship, ICC ODI Championship, ICC T20I Championship and the World Championship of Cricket in 1985.

The Indian cricket team has rivalries with other Test-playing nations, most notably with Pakistan, the political arch-rival of India. However, in recent times, rivalries with nations like Australia, South Africa and England have also gained prominence.

As we do have our favourite cricketer, we all have different tastes but mine is MS Dhoni (Mahendra Singh Dhoni) he’s the beat no one can’t beat him but as we see our current Indian team so these are the players:

1. Virat Kohli.

2. Rishabh pant.

3. Kl Rahul.

4. Subhman gill.

5. Rohit Sharma.

6. Ravichandran Ashwin.

7. Jasprit B.

8. Yuzvindra chahal.

9. Umesh Yadav.

10. Ravendra Jadeja.

11. Kedar Jadhav.

And so on there’s alot of players in our Indian cricket team. And our Indian cricket team is doing so well. And is considered as one of the best teams.

IMPACT OF HUMAN POPULATION ON ENVIRONMENT

WHAT IS POPULATION
The number of organisms of the same species that live in a particular geographic area at the same time, with the capability of interbreeding is called population.

HUMAN POPULATION:
Human population refers to a collection of humans living in a particular geographic area. The social science that entails the statistical study of human populations is called Demography. Thus, human population is the number of people in a city or town, region, country or world; population is usually determined by a process called census (a process of collecting, analyzing, compiling and publishing data).

HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH The increase in the number of individuals in a population is population growth. Annual global human population growth amounts to around 83 million or
1.1% per year. In 1800 the global population was 1 billion which has rises to 7.9 billion in 2020. The UN projected population to keep growing, and estimated that by the middle of 2030, 2050 and 2100 the total population will rise to 8.6 billion ,9.8 billion and 11.2 billion respectively. But some academics outside the UN have developed human population models that shows the additional downward pressures on population growth. They also suggested that if this happens then the population would peak before 2100.

POPULATION EXPLOSION AND ITS CAUSE:

The sudden increase in population growth in an unmannered way is called population explosion.

Causes of population explosion:
The causes of population explosion are as follows:-
High Birth Rate
The major cause responsible for the rapid growth of population is high birth rate. In India, the birth rate was found to be 45.8 per thousand during 1891-1900 and 25.8 per thousand in 2001, but still it is considered to be substantially high. This shows in spite of the increase in the widespread propaganda of family planning, family welfare programmes and population education campaigns, instead of a decrease in the birth rate it is increasing.
2. Low Death Rate
The death rate in recent years has phenomenally fallen which is another important factor that leads to the rapid increase in population. The death rate in India was about 8.5 per thousand in 2001. But because of the advancement in medical science, dreadful and chronic diseases such as smallpox, cholera, plague, typhoid are no longer dreaded. Better facilities for sanitation and cleanliness, provision of pre-natal and post-natal care has also reduced infant mortality rate.
3. Early Marriage
The practice of early marriage is another important reason for the rapid increase in population in India. The marriage of girls at an early age results in a longer span for reproductive activity and thus leads to an increase in the number of children.
4. Social and Religious reasons
In India,marriage is a compulsory institution as per social norms.so people have to marry.Therefore, people do not hesitate to increase the size of the family as in a joint family everyone takes equal responsibility . Apart from this most people think that it is necessary to give birth to at least one male child so in expectatin of getting a male child, they go on increasing the family size.
5. Poverty
Poverty is another cause of population growth. Children are source for income of the family. So instead of going to school they go to work and thus prove to be an asset for the family. This makes the parents believe that every child born will become an earning member of the family.
6. Standard of living
People whose standard of living is low tend to have more children because an additional child is considered as an asset rather than a liability. Since majority is uneducated and think that every child born will become the earning member of the family they keep on increasing the family size.
7. Illiteracy
Most of the people in India are either illiterate or has the minimum education. This leads them to accept low paying work but fails to support the family resulting poverty. Due to the prevalence of higher rate of illiteracy, there is widespread ignorance in the form of social customs and beliefs like early marriage and preference for a male child. As a result, there is high rate of population growth in the country.

IMPACTS OF POPULATION GROWTH ON ENVIRONMENT: Population growth leads to overconsumption that causes environmental concerns, such as biodiversity loss and climate change, due to resource-intensive human development that exceed planetary boundaries.The impacts of overpopulation and the environment are often interrelated and complex.
Farming impacts
If the population increases the need for food also increases. To meet the need of food intensive farming is done.This includes harmful mechanisation, chemical fertilizers and pesticides that degrades the soil quality causing soil erosion. This also leads to eutrophication that depletes water from oxygen having negative effects. To create new farmland deforestation is done resulting in a negative outcome.
Agriculture is responsible for about 80 percent of deforestation.
Deforestation
Deforestation leads to a reduced ability to capture CO2, resulting in the increase of greenhouse gas problems. Deforestation is also strongly associated with loss of habitat and extinctions.
Human population increase is related to all of these deforestation pressures. The more people we need, the more food, more wood products, and more firewood.
Eutrophication
The main cause of eutrophication is agricultural runoff caused by the presence of excessive nutrients in bodies of water.
Eutrophication causes the dense growth of plant life that consumes oxygen, resulting in the death of aquatic animals. Other major sources of eutrophication are industry and sewage disposal–both related to population growth.
Loss of Freshwater
Although there are plenty of water resources,only 2.5 percent of water resources are fresh water, and only a small fraction of it is available as unpolluted for drinking purposes. This is because with the increase of Human population, human waste also increases which pollutes the water making it unsuitable for drinking. Also with the increase in population the need for drinking water increases thus water scarcity also increases.
Global Warming
Human population growth and climate change have grown hand in hand as the use of fossil fuels has exploded to support industrialized societies. More the number of people, the more is the demand for oil, coal, gas, and other energy sources extracted from below the Earth’s surface that spew carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere when burned, trapping warm air inside like a greenhouse. Most fossil fuel consumption comes from developed countries.It is a sobering thought that most developing nations aspire to similar industrial economies as they experience economic growth, which further escalates CO2 emissions into the atmosphere.

PREVENTION:The population can be controlled by following measures.
A. Social Measure:
Population explosion is a social problem and it is deeply rooted in society.

1. Minimum age of Marriage:
The minimum age of marriage should be raised because fertility depends on age of marriage. Fixed by the law the minimum age of men is 21years found 18 years for women.
2. Raising the Status of Women:
Women should be given opportunities to develop socially and economically.
3. Spread of Education:
The spread of education changes the outlook of people. The educated men will prefer to delay marriage and adopt small family norms. Educated women are health conscious and avoid frequent pregnancies and thus help in lowering birth rate.

4. Adoption:
Some parents who do not have any children are advised to adopt the orphan children. It will be beneficial to orphan children as well as lower the population.

5. Change in Social Outlook:
Social outlook of the people must be changed. Marriage should not be considered as social binding anymore.

6. Social Security:
People should be covered under-social security schemes. So that they do not depend upon others in the event of old age, sickness, unemployment etc. with these facilities they will have no desire for more children.

B. Economic Measures:
1. More employment opportunities:
The first and foremost measure is to raise the employment avenues in rural as well as urban areas.This step can check the population growth.

2. Development of Agriculture and Industry:
If agriculture and industry are properly developed then a large number of people will be employed and when their income increases they would improve their standard of living and adopt small family norms.

3. Standard of Living:
Improved standard of living acts as a deterrent to large family norms. In order to maintain their higher standard of living people prefer to have a small family.

4. Urbanisation:
People in urban areas have a lower birth rate than those living in rural areas. Urbanisation should therefore be encouraged.

C. Other Measures:
1. Late Marriage:
At the age of 30years,marriage should be solemnized. This will reduce the period of reproduction among the females bringing down the birth rate.
2. Self Control:
Self control is a powerful method to control the population. It helps in reducing the birth rate.

3. Family Planning:
This method implies family by choice and not by chance. People can regulate the birth rate by using preventive measures like cheap contraceptive devices for birth control etc.

4. Recreational Facilities:
For many people sex is the only recreation of life which is responsible for a high birt rate. But the birth rate will fall if other recreational activities like cinema, theatre, sports and dance etc are available to the people. As a result of which people will not have sex for recreation reducing in lower birth rate.

5. Publicity:

The communication media like T.V., radio and newspaper will propagate the benefits of the planned family to the uneducated and illiterate persons especially in the rural and backward areas of the country.

6. Incentives:
The govt. can give various types of incentives to the people to adopt birth control measures. This will result in small family norms reducing the birth rate.

7. Employment to Woman:
If women are given employment they will get incentives for their work. This will keep them busy and is a good measure of population control. @track2traininginstitute @track2trainingseminar @edunewsnetwork

Environmental Sociology: The Perspectives of Madhav Gadgil

Introduction 

The aggregate of all animate beings and inanimate objects surrounding a living organism is defined as environment. The environment of a being is an important factor in its growth and development. Throughout history, all human societies have been dependent on the ecosystem for fulfilling their needs and wants. The use of nature, the working of which during the initial stages was considered capricious, has changed significantly over time. From considering himself a part of nature and using natural resources prudently to believing him to be apart from nature and conqueror of nature, man’s interaction with the environment has undergone a drastic shift. 

Environmental sociology is a study of human behaviour towards nature. It focusses on the nature of interaction between man and the ecosystem. Environmental sociology has now solidified its position as an interdisciplinary study.Madhav Gadgil is an India ecologist known for his contribution towards the preservation of ecology in the country. His researches played a major role in identifying Nilgiris as the first biosphere reserve in India. In his works, he focusses on the ecological and historical aspects of man’s interaction with nature and natural resources. His works detail the role of humans in causing environmental destruction and also focusses on prudent use of natural resources by humans. He understands environmental problems through environmental history. His works study the conditions under which humans preserve or exploit natural resources. He analyses human actions that are prudent and profligate in use of natural resources. 

From a sociological point of view, he presents a new framework called ‘modes of resource use’. This framework analyses how different societies interacted with nature and classifies them based on their interactions with nature and natural resources. He finds the need for this classification as the classical Marxian concept of ‘modes of production’ does not consider the realms of natural resources. He also explains the role of environmental factors in conflicts within groups and conflicts between groups. In one of his important works, he focuses on the history of resource use and abuse in post independent India. In this work, he proposes a programmatic agenda for renewal of environment. He proposes another framework on ecological consumption, which classifies human populations based on their consumption of natural resources. He retains the essence of both sociology and ecology in his works by explaining the reciprocal relationship between nature and man and nature’s influence on the relationship between humans. This paper aims to analyse the perspectives of Madhav Gadgil and the theories proposed by him in his works. 

Theory of ‘Modes of Resource Use’

Understanding the shortcomings of Marx’s mode of production when trying to classify societies based on resource use and ecological context, Gadgil introduces the concept of modes of resource use. His major criticisms of Marx’s mode of production are that it ignores natural contexts within which field and factory exist, places less importance on political structures and struggles, its lack of applicability outside Europe, and its little value when interpreting religious, ideological and cultural values of various societies and differences in them. The concept introduced by Gadgil ‘modes of resource use’ includes natural resources in its domain of production. 

According to Gadgil, the concept of modes of resource use helps in finding the characteristics of different modes, and estimates the environmental impact of different modes, and estimates the effects of these modes on the ecosystem and availability of natural resources.

 According to the theory of modes of resource use, human societies are classified into four historical modes. These are gathering(including shifting cultivation), nomadic pastoralism, settled cultivation or agriculture, and industrial mode of society. Each historical mode of society has a set of unique characteristics with respect to the aspects of technology, economy, social organization and ideology. The nature of ecological impact varies from one historical mode to other. In the gathering mode of society, hunting wild animals and gathering of vegetable matter are the main activities for survival. The practices or characteristics of gathering is prevalent even in the time of shifting cultivation. Humans in this mode relied mostly on human muscle power and wood fuel as energy sources. 

For fulling their needs and wants, they are dependent on plants, animals and stones. In this mode, man’s knowledge of nature is narrow and considers the working of nature as capricious. There are no efforts to   dominate nature and believe nature to be beyond man’s control. The capacity to store food and transportation of resources during this period is also limited. The economy is constructed mostly around the resources gathered within small spaces. The range of resources that is possible to transport is limited(shells, peacock feathers and such things). The variety of species, considering restrictions of space, is high. The consumption is based on subsistence needs in this mode. These societies are vulnerable to changes in the availability of resources. Their response is fine tuned adaptations to these conditions. Their abilities to transform resources is also basic and rudimentary. The social organization is restricted to tiny social groups and territories are restricted. Relationship with people from outside these territories are rare. There is no division of labour present in this mode and when there is division of labour it is based on age and sex. Their accessibility to resources are restricted due to spatial restrictions and lack of transport. There are no ideas of personal property and nobody is in a position to dominate others. In this mode, man is considered as one of other beings in the community. There are several practices like restriction of fishing in some ponds in the name of sacred ponds that aimed at sustainable resource. The impact of human activities on environment is minimal in this period. 

The next mode of society is nomadic pastoralism. In this mode, humans additionally start using animal power as a source of energy. Societies are dependent on plant and animal materiel for satisfying their material requirements. Domestic animals served as meat supply on hooves. Their ability to store resource is better than gatherers. They use domestic animals for transport purposes. Since they travel from one locality to another, their resource base is extensive. Their rate of consumption is moderate. They do hold the beliefs of gatherers and started using natural resource without the prudence of hunters and gatherers. 

The mode of society slowly progressed to settled cultivation. This became possible after the development of farming or agricultural techniques and animal husbandry. In this mode, societies begin to use human and animal muscle power, fuelwood, coal and water power to certain extent. For fulfilling material requirements, they are dependent on stone, plant, animal and some metals. Their ability to store resource is high compared to previous modes. This is made possible by grains and domestic animals. Domestic animals are used for transportation purposes. Their ability to transform resources sees a shift as these societies begin involving in the practice of metal making and weaving. Their accessibility to resources is moderate and higher compared to gatherer mode of society. Some elites begin dominating others and notions of personal property start emerging during this phase. The rate of consumption by elites is higher than other. Overall consumption, however, remains moderate during this phase. 

Invention of tools leads to the evolution of much advanced society called industrial mode of society. The sources of energy used is extended to fossil fuels, hydro-electricity, nuclear power, fuelwood, and human and muscle power. The reliance on human and animal power is much less compared to previous modes. There is an extensive use of resources for fulfilling material requirements. Societies use metals and synthetic materials extensively for fulfilling material requirements. The ability to store is very high as  even perishable goods(like meat and fruits) are stored for longer durations. The usage of fossil fuels as an energy source makes transportation over large distances possible. The time of transporting is also drastically reduced. The ability to transform resources is extensive in this mode. There is no spatial or territorial restriction for accessibility of resources. Resources through world are transported to all parts and consumed. The rate of consumption is also high. Societies consume enormous quantities of resources. Division of labour is considerable is based on knowledge and skills. The extent of kinship and attachment to societies are also weak. Transactions, unlike previous societies, are codified with legal sanctions. The sense of personal property is high. Resources are owned by individual, states and corporates. Community ownership is delegitimized in this mode of society. 

In this mode, man begins to dominate nature and is seen as apart from nature. The earlier modes of resource use followed practices, in the name of religion or customs, that were ecologically prudent. There were several social practices which guided the society towards sustainable use of resources. For example, gatherer societies and other communities followed practices like sacred groves and sacred ponds that prohibited usage of certain resources keeping in mind the sustainability of resources. There are several practices that regulated their behaviour. Man is the only who is cognitively able to exercise prudence in the use of nature and practice restraints. Old practices, studied by several anthropologists and ethnobiologist, have been proved to be beneficial in the long run. These practices involve different types of restrictions on harvesting, quantity, locality, season, and life history stages. There are also certain practices that do not contribute to sustainable resource use. These practices were guided by social beliefs and customs and may have been developed on the basis of their experience. In the modern industrial mode, such practices are not followed and practices guided by science have had several consequences. It is difficult to ascertain precise prescriptions, but simple methods could be followed to avoid resource collapse.

Insurgency in north-east

North East India comprising the seven States of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh,
Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura has earned the dubious distinction
for persistent underdevelopment and growing insurgency. The fire of insurgency has been
engulfing the region in such a way that there seems to be existence of a parallel authority of
the insurgents in many parts of the region as rampant abductions, extortions and killings go
on unabated. Consequently, normal life is often paralysed and all initiatives including the
socio-economic ones are increasingly crippled as an air of fear and uncertainty pervades the
region.
Nagaland has been the epicenter of insurgency in the North East. The Naga leader,
A.Z. Phizo raised the banner of revolt at the very dawn of Indian independence, claiming
that Nagaland had never been a part of India. Although the sub national State of Nagaland
was created in 1963 in order to fulfill the political aspiration of the Nagas, the flame of
Naga insurgency could never be doused effectively and now it affects almost all the North
Eastern States in general and Manipur, Assam and Nagaland in particular as the Naga
insurgent outfits aim at political union and independence of all the territories claimed to be
Naga-dominated areas and as these outfits are providing help and training to the insurgents
in other States also. The National Socialist Council of Nagaland formed in 1980 (now split
into two factions) is the most formidable insurgent outfit in the region.
In Assam, the insurgency has grown out of mass movement over the foreigners’
issue starting in 1979. The United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) which has been
committing terrorist acts with their avowed objectives of forming independent Assam has
created a serious internal security hazard. The Bodos are also up in arms under the
leadership of the National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB). In the North Cachar
District of Assam, the Dimasa Halam (DHD) is engaged in insurgency activities. While the declared political ambition of the Bodos is for separate statehood under the Indian Union to
attain independence, the objective of DHD is not explicitly made known. Thus, Assam
faces a very complicated problem of insurgency.
Manipur is plagued by triple problems. The valley faces the insurgency of the
Meitei extremists while the hill areas are affected by depredations by the Naga militants on
the one hand and inter-tribal clashes between the Nagas and Kukis on the other. The more
prominent outfits operating in Manipur are the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). People’s
Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK), Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP), Kuki
National Organisation (KNO/KDF) and the National Socialist Council of Nagaland
(NSCN) (Singh, 2000).
In Tripura, the tribal-non-tribal socio-economic divide has been generating
dissension from the very dawn of the State’s accession to the Indian Union in 1948.
Although socio-economic development of Tripura has traditionally been associated with
immigration, the massive influx of the non-tribal refugees from East Pakistan (now
Bangladesh) in the wake of the division of India in 1947 reduced the tribal people into a
minority constituting less than one third of the population. As most of the immigrants
settled in rural areas, the pressure of population on land was tremendous. The sense of
being progressively marginalized gave rise to tribal insurgency in the State. In the 1980s
the Tripura National Volunteers (TNV) was a formidable tribal terrorist outfit spreading
hatred against the non-tribal and it was mainly responsible for the riots that took place in
June 1980. At present there are about 20 tribal insurgent groups in Tripura, the two
prominent ones being the National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT) and the All Tripura
Tiger Force (ATTF). In recent years the non-tribal are also being involved in anti-tribal
violent activities (Ganguly, 1999).
Mizoram experienced rebellion of the Mizos under the leadership of Mr. Laldenga.
But after the Mizo Accord of 1986, there has been no major wave of insurgency in the
State. None the less, inter-tribe conflicts and suspicion against the non-tribal are not
altogether absent in the State.
Meghalaya has been free from insurgent activities. However, for the last few years
Hiniutrap Liberation Council (HNLC) has been organizing disruptive activities in the State
on certain occasions in spite of the fact that they do not have mass support.

Even Arunachal Pradesh which can be regarded as an island of peace in the whole of the North eastern Region is not totally free from trouble. The local tribal people refuse to allow the Chakmas to be absorbed in the State’s population. A rising trend of ethnic
separatism is also absorbed in the State.

World Test Championship Final- Day 2

Very happy!! We got to see some cricket yesterday after a very long wait since IPL. It’s India Vs New Zealand, the second day of the World Test Championship Final at Southampton, England. The day 1 was already vanished out completely due to rain. Thanks to ICC to plan a reserve day on June 23. Cricket missed in the five preplanned days will be played on the reserve day.

Toss:

It was bright and shiny in the morning yesterday. Though there was cloud. Captains went for toss. New Zealand won the toss and they decided to bowl first. The decision from New Zealand skipper may be because of the conditions. It was cloudy and the conditions are overcast. So it would assist the swing of the ball.

Teams:

India – Rohit Sharma, Shubman Gill, Cheteshwar Pujara, Virat Kohli(c), Ajinkya Rahane, Rishab Pant(wk), Ravindra Jadeja, Ravichandran Ashwin,Mohammad Shami, Ishant Sharma, Jasprit Bumrah.

New Zealand – Devon Conway, Tom Latham, Kane Williamson(c), Ross Taylor, Henry Nicholls, BJ Watling(wk), Kyle Jamieson, Colin de Grandhomme, Tim Southee, Trent Boult, Niel Wagner.

Toss insights:

New Zealand opted to have 5 fast bowling options. They don’t even pick a spinner in their eleven. This might be because of the conditions that they might have picked a team that is best suited to play in this English conditions. Also they are having Colin to bat at no.8 now. He gave stability to the team in terms of batting. There might be also a reason that they might have thought Indians are very good players of spin. They have shown their class against Nathon Lynn in Australia and against Dom Bess and Jack Leach in India. Whatever may be the reason, New Zealand surprised us by this move.

India- 1st innings:

Rohit and Gill really gave a very good start. Gill looked uncomfortable at the beginning but he soon adapted to the situation better. Rohit was good and runs flown at regular intervals from his bat right from the start. They made a good partnership but not so long. Both got out when team’s score was around 62 with Gill scoring 28 and Rohit scoring 34. Jamieson and Wagner bagged their wickets. Then came Pujara,the man. We were fortunate to see him bat as he always does. He played 35 dot balls before scoring his first run. He scored two boundaries in his very short innings and got dismissed by Boult when he was on 8(54). Momentum slightly turned towards New Zealand side. But Kohli and the later joined Rahane didn’t let that go away. They played a 50 run partnership in this tough swinging conditions going on and off the field. Yes, the play was constantly interrupted by the weather conditions. It was not rain this time. It’s bad light. Play was stopped for the third time when Rahane was at 29 runs and Kohli at 44 runs. Then no play resumed. Just 64.4 overs bowled last night. We lost nearly a session of play. Hope there is no such interruptions in the day-3 game. Stay home!! Stay safe!!