“Global warming is a term that refers to a steady rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans, a phenomenon that is thought to be irreversibly altering the Earth’s climate.”
The increase in the average global temperature of the Earth is used to measure global warming. Some sections of the Earth may become colder as our average global temperature rises, while others may become warmer—hence the concept of average global temperature. Atmospheric heating and agitation induced by greenhouse gases increase the unpredictability of weather and climate, as well as the severity, scale, and frequency of storms, droughts, wildfires, and severe temperatures. The gases in the atmosphere that absorb and release heat radiation include water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Increasing or lowering the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere causes the sun’s heat to be trapped or released more.

Causes of global warming:

Fossil fuel combustion: CO2 pollution is released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels such as coal and gas are burned to generate energy or power our cars. Burning coal, oil, and gas produces carbon dioxide, the most major greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, as well as nitrous oxide, which is certainly the initial source of global warming.

Deforestation: Forest exploitation is a significant contributor to global warming. By absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere, trees aid in climate regulation. When trees are cut down, the carbon contained in them is released into the atmosphere, negating the positive effect. Forests and wilderness serve as carbon sinks, helping to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius. Humans, on the other hand, clear enormous swaths of land for farming, urban and infrastructural development, and the sale of tree products like lumber and palm oil all over the world. When vegetation is cut down or burned, the stored carbon is released as CO2, contributing to global warming.

Farming & Agriculture: Methane is a greenhouse gas produced by livestock, such as sheep and cattle. The amount of methane created by livestock grazing on a vast scale, such as in Australia, contributes significantly to global warming. Intensive farming, which includes not just ever-increasing livestock but also plant protection products and fertilizers, is another contributor to global warming. When cattle and sheep digest their food, they produce enormous volumes of methane, whereas fertilizers emit nitrous oxide.

Mining: The mining and metallurgical industries are vital to modern living. Metals and minerals are the raw materials that are used to create, transport, and manufacture items. This market accounts for 5% of all greenhouse gas emissions from extraction to distribution. Decarbonization initiatives across industries may result in significant shifts in commodity demand for the mining industry. Governments, investors, and society will put pressure on the mining sector, which is responsible for 4 to 7% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, to reduce emissions.

Eruption of a Volcano: When volcanoes erupt, they release large amounts of carbon dioxide. Volcanoes have a minor impact on global warming, and eruptions result in short-term global cooling because ash in the air reflects more solar energy. Volcanic eruptions release gases and dust particles into the atmosphere, which have an impact on the climate. The majority of the particles ejected by volcanoes cool the earth by shielding it from the sun’s rays. Depending on the features of the eruption, the cooling impact can continue anywhere from months to years.