Day: August 20, 2021

What is Dyslexia? – Student's Problems

Hello Friends !.. . Take a moment to read the following. How was that? Frustrating? Slow? What were those sentences about? They’re actually a simulation of the experience of dyslexia, designed to make you decode each word. Those with dyslexia experience that laborious pace every time they read. When most people think of dyslexia, they think of seeing letters and words backwards, like seeing “b” as “d” and vice versa, or they might think people with dyslexia see “saw” as “was”. The truth is people with dyslexia see things the same way as everyone else. 

Dyslexia is caused by a phonological processing problem, meaning people affected by it have trouble not with seeing language but with manipulating it. For example, if you heard the word cat and then someone asked you, “Remove the ‘c’,” what word would you have left? At. This can be difficult for those with dyslexia. Given a word in isolation, like fantastic, students with dyslexia need to break the word into parts to read it: fan, tas, tic. Time spent decoding makes it hard to keep up with peers and gain sufficient comprehension. Spelling words phonetically, like s-t-i-k for stick and f-r-e-n-s for friends is also common. These difficulties are more widespread and varied than commonly imagined. Dyslexia affects up to one in five people. It occurs on a continuum.

One person might have mild dyslexia while the next person has a profound case of it. Dyslexia also runs in families. It’s common to see one family member who has trouble spelling while another family member has severe difficulty decoding even one syllable words, like catch. The continuum and distribution of dyslexia suggests a broader principle to bear in mind as we look at how the brains of those with dyslexia process language. 

Neurodiversity is the idea that because all our brains show differences in structure and function, we shouldn’t be so quick to label every deviation from “the norm” as a pathological disorder or dismiss people living with these variations as “defective.” People with neurobiological variations like dyslexia, including such creative and inventive individuals as Picasso, Muhammad Ali, Whoopi Goldberg, Steven Spielberg, and Cher, clearly have every capacity to be brilliant and successful in life. So, here’s the special way the brains of those with dyslexia work. 

The brain is divided into two hemispheres. The left hemisphere is generally in charge of language and, ultimately, reading, while the right typically handles spatial activities. fMRI studies have found that the brains of those with dyslexia rely more on the right hemisphere and frontal lobe than the brains of those without it. This means, when they read a word, it takes a longer trip through their brain and can get delayed in the frontal lobe. Because of this neurobiological glitch, they read with more difficulty.’

 But those with dyslexia can physically change their brain and improve their reading with an intensive, multi-sensory intervention that breaks the language down and teaches the reader to decode based on syllable types and spelling rules. The brains of those with dyslexia begin using the left hemisphere more efficiently while reading, and their reading improves. 

The intervention works because it locates dyslexia appropriately as a functional variation in the brain, which, naturally, shows all sorts of variations from one person to another. Neurodiversity emphasizes this spectrum of brain function in all humans and suggests that to better understand the perspectives of those around us, we should try not only to see the world through their eyes but understand it through their brains.

Overpopulation – The Human Explosion

Never before in history, have there been so many people on Earth as right now. Our numbers have skyrocketed, from 1 billion in 1800, to 2.3 billion in 1940, 3.7 billion in 1970, and 7.4 billion in 2016. The world population increased fourfold in the last century, so what can we expect for the next century? And what does population growth mean for our future? Will there be mass-migration? Overcrowded slums and megacities covering continents? Diseases and pollution? Chaos and violence over energy, water, and food? And a human species focused only on sustaining itself? Will population growth destroy our way of life? Or is this prophecy just ungrounded panic? In the 1960s population growth reached an unprecedented rate. Which lead to apocalyptic prophecies. 

The poor would pro-create endlessly and overrun the developed world. The legend of overpopulation was born. But it turns out high birth rates and the population explosion are not permanent features of some cultures or countries, But rather a part of a four step process the whole world is going through, The demographic transition. Most developed countries have already made the transition, while other countries are doing it right now. Let’s go back to the 18th century, when the entire world, including Europe, was in the first stage of the demographic transition. By today’s standards, Europe was worse off, than a developing region, suffering from poor sanitation, poor diets, and poor medicine. 

A lot of people were born, but lots of them died just as fast, so the population hardly grew. Women had between 4 and 6 children, but only 2 of them would reach adulthood. Then the industrial revolution happened in the UK and bought the greatest change in human living conditions since the agricultural revolution. People went from being peasants to workers. Manufactured goods were mass produced and became widely available. The sciences flourished and advanced transportation, communication, and medicine. The role of women in society shifted and created the conditions for their emancipation. Slowly this economic progress not only formed a middle class, but also raised standards of living and health care for the poor working population. The second transition stage started. 

Better food supplies, hygiene and medicine, meant people stopped dying all the time, especially so, at a very young age. The result was a population explosion. Doubling the UK’s population between 1750 and 1850. The main reasons families used to have lots of children was that only a few of them were likely to survive. Now that had changed, so the third stage of transition was set in motion. Fewer babies were conceived, and population growth slowed down. Eventually a balance emerged, fewer people were dying and fewer children were born, so the death rate and birth rate became stable. 

Britain had reached the fourth stage of the demographic transition. This didn’t only happen in the UK, more and more countries went through the four stages. First, many births and many deaths due to bad living conditions. Second, better living conditions leading to fewer deaths and a population explosion. Third, fewer deaths resulting in fewer births, and population growth came to an end. But if birth rates have dropped so much, why is the population still growing so fast? Well, the children born in the population explosion of the 70s and 80s are having kids themselves now. Leading to a noticeable spike in overall population. But they are having far fewer children on average than their parents.

 The average today is 2.5, it was 5, 40 years ago. So as this generation gets older, and fertility declines further, the rate of population growth will keep on slowing. This is true for every country. In the west, we tend to overlook progress in other regions of the world. But actually most of the world’s countries have made it to the fourth stage. Just look at Bangladesh. In 1971, the average woman had 7 kids, but 25% of them would die before the age of 5. In 2015, the mortality rate was down to 3.8% and women had only 2.2 kids on average. This is the rule, not an exception, we’re not special, we just had a head start. It took developed countries about 80 years to reduce fertility from more than 6 children, to less than 3. Others are catching up fast. 

Malaysia and South Africa did it in only 34 years; Bangladesh took just 20. Iran managed it in 10 years. All these countries that are catching up didn’t have to start from scratch and the more support they get, the faster they catch up. This is why programs that help lower child mortality or help poor nations develop, are so important, No matter what your motivation is, whether you dream of a world where all people live in freedom and wealth, or you just want fewer refugees coming into your country, 

The simple truth is, that it’s beneficial to you personally if people on the other side of the globe can live a good life. And we are getting there, the percentage of people living in extreme poverty has never been as low as today. So the future of global population growth is not an apocalyptic prophecy, it’s a promise! Population growth will come to an end. The UN forecasts that the 12th billionth human will never be born at all. And as the development level of the world rises, the number of people a higher education will increase tenfold. Countries who used to be a need, will help advance development instead. More people is going to mean more people able to advance our species.

Big Basket Business Model – How Big Basket Earns

Hello Friends ! Big Basket, our grocery leader in India so the story starts in 1999 when there was a .com boom and this is one of the 1st e-commerce company who came to buy online after 2 years they added grocery too in starting a lot of people came online but you know in starting people don’t buy online only COD can operate at that time and not online payment so people came but did not buy it so they analyze and they came to offline and in south India they got a huge success they opened a fab mart and sell everything in it but still it did not make much profit and in 2006 Birla group overtook it and in 2011 they again return online under sell retail network in 2011 only they got a funding do try to understand this.

If you want to have a grocery business so what are the options 1st is inventory modal, means I will buy product directly from the company at a discount rate next I will be selling to my target audience and rest is my profit 2nd is market place, like amazon and flipkart do here if I will get an order then I will transfer to other and they will deliver it 3rs is hybrid here I am doing the both 1st and 2nd logically they did marketplace, they captured small-small grocery shop and made a pact with them and now the orders they get via there app and website, they do forward to these small grocery shops and deliver the product via a delivery boy so this was the simple process slowly they got the findings and they started to grow and then they shifted to inventory model because in this there is a lot of margin and you can too control your quality they have 18000 listed products, more than 1000 brands and still it’s going under loss.

 but slowly and slowly there revenue is increasing last year they did Rs1176 crore revenue and had a loss of Rs191 crore they had a 1500 ticket size and 650 ticket size if one opts for express delivery there target is by the end of 2020 we gonna to take 2000 crore revenue in my opinion fab mart too was a good business model but in 1999’s internet used to be a new technology and people don’t trust internet and online payment, not good speed, and not visual websites so they took a good step by coming to offline market and made money and reinvested afterword so from 2011 they are in loss, but in coming years they will be coming in profit because it’s inventory modal will keep on increasing with the advent of revenue there expenses will tend to decrease they do a simple strategy by ranking it’s customer basically. 

If you order today then you are not it’s customer so suppose in 3 month you ordered 2-3 times, then you became a silver customer for them silver customer means that this is our potential customer and their platinum customer comes 95% repeatedly so your expenditure get’s decreases time to time countanously in 13 funding round, they had taken 884 million dollar and recently they had taken 300 million dollar funding from Alibaba in June 2015 they acquired deliver and that inquisition was good according to me because of this they are able to deliver products on time before that in inventory modal they used to get delay in delivery time.

Now they can deliver vegetables in 2 to 3 hours in vegetable you need to deliver within 1 hours and not in 2 to 3 days so this thing is possible due to delivery acquisition and I will be giving them +1 in grocery they operate in 35% of profit margin and in other item 10-12% margin you may be finding it more but if you see there expenditure-website, app, delivery and many more things to run this makes there expenditure and still they are under loss there is 2 trillion dollar economy in this globally out of which 300 billion dollar online is there if we take globally then it will fluctuate 15-30% in online retail .

If you want to do this type of business then target the cities because in cities there is a lot more awareness, less acquisition cost and you will be getting at a less rate ultimately will tend to sell in your products and will increase your potential customer in village your accusation cost will tend to rise due to lack of education .

OREO — GLOBAL BRAND

OREO IN INDIA- LAUNCHING AND ESTABLISHING A GLOBAL BRAND IN INDIA USING INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS EFFECTIVELY

INTRODUCTION

For most of its 100 years existence, Oreo was consistently America’s best loved cookie, but today it is a well established global brand. Mondelez International moved it into emerging markets quickly learning the rules of success in these unfamiliar markets, changing and refining the brand strategy and ultimately triumphed in winning over customers. This is the case demonstration how Oreo brand’s successful entry into the Indian market was well orchestrated using the Communication Mix elements such as Advertising, Sales Promotion, Events and experiences and Public relations to establish the brand during the launch phase and subsequently stabilizing the brand in India.

MARKET BACKGROUND AND BRAND STRATEGY

Market was present in India by chocolates, beverages and candy categories. The company entered into Rs. 17,000 crore as a competitive India Biscuit with their lead brand Oreo in 2011. It entered into the Cadbury brand in India as it is the strongest brand in India, and initially focusing on awareness and rapid trials. The key objectives of the launch were

  • Gain a 1% share of the Biscuit category in the first year.
  • Build awareness, 40% trials and 40% repeat purchase in priority markets.

OREO BRAND ADVERTISING AND COMMUNICATION

Communication and advertising have been consistent across many markets as the customer and the brand truths remain the same. The company focused on the “moments of togetherness” proposition for Oreo in India, with the television forming the main medium of communication. In addition, other media platforms were tapped as well. It also presented with the digital media as well as with the Facebook page,adding fans at a rapid rate. It created “oreo togetherness bus” which toured cities and made togetherness concept. It made a strategy with the consumer preferences with the brand.

ADERTISING THEME: BRINGING PEOPLE TOGETHER THROUGH THE OREO RITUAL OF TWIST, LICK AND DUNK -‘TLD’

Rituals play an important role in the lives of Indians, and they follow them with zeal and enthusiasm. Rituals also help in bringing people together. So, this created an opportunity for Oreo to bring familiar in the families together. The twist, lick and dunk became a platform to concept with the people beyond the product, and bring about taste, joyousness and family bonding.

Oreo’s communication message focused on creating,

1. A RITUAL OF PLEASURE for the child, centered on the joy of consumption

2. A RITUAL OF EMOTION for the parent, that sparks these slowed messages of togetherness and enhances the bonding between child and parent.

HOW THEY ABLE TO DO THIS?

COMMUNICATION STRATEGY 

 We would see in the ice cream biscuit segment, mothers are the buyers. Kids are the majority of the consumption. It warms the mother’s heart by seeing the joyous moment in their kids eyes.

Unlike the mother, father spends less time with their kids and so the twist, lick and dunk concept grasped the opportunity around the people. The Oreo dunked into the Indian hearts. 

THEY WON THE HEARTS

Oreo has been able to get a vey firm foothold in the highly competitive biscuits market in India by creating compelling differentiation at every level- in product offering in store in the tradtional and Modern trade channels by leveraging a unique consumer insight, addressing desires of them and establishing a new ritual. Marketing is all about creating differentiation and they won the hearts of the people by doing that and they are now the highly crowded and fiercely competitive biscuit market in India.

Starbucks Failed In Australia WHY ?….

Starbucks has coffee shops all over the world There are more than 28,000 locations and 76 markets From Shanghai to Guantanamo Bay And in China, a new Starbucks location opens up every 15 hours But there is one continent that seems uninterested in the hype over the Seattle based coffee chain And that continent is Australia It’s proven to be one of the toughest markets in the world to break into So tough in fact, that Starbucks closed more than two-thirds of its stores on the continent back in 2008. So what went so wrong with Starbucks and Australia To answer that let’s go back to July of 2000 When Starbucks opened its first Australian shop in Sydney.

 From there it expanded fast By 2008 Starbucks had 87 stores across the continent I think one of the problems with Starbucks and its true for a lot of businesses that have been successful in one country is that they thought that their business model could just roll out to a different environment and there was no need for them to adjust But that was the problem They tried to grow the Empire too fast Starbucks rapidly opened up multiple locations instead of slowly integrating them into the Australian market When they launched they launched too rapidly and didn’t give .

The Australian consumer an opportunity to really develop an appetite for the Starbucks brand They also moved into regional areas into outer suburbs of major cities And so for the Australian consumer it was almost like it was too available for them And so there wasn’t this point of difference, this want, this need for Starbucks And it wasn’t an organic growth which is what we very much saw in the US In its first 7 years in Australia, Starbucks accumulated $105 million in losses By 2007, Starbucks Australia was hanging on by a thread taking big loans from the US, totaling up to $54 million And in 2008, Starbucks announced it was shutting down 61 stores But of course 2008 was a difficult time for businesses due to the financial crisis Along with Australia closures, Starbucks also closed 600 underperforming American stores But even still such a retreat in Australia was embarrassing for the brand.

When you’re shutting down 75 stores For the Australian consumer when they, when they did leave the market or at least a large number of bestowals were shut down they didn’t really care It’s partly because Australians are spoiled for choice when it comes to coffee Australia’s coffee market is one of the biggest in the world the industry is expected to hit more than $6 billion in total revenue in 2018 They’ve been immersed in nuances of cafe culture since the mid 1900s when Italian and Greek immigrants began traveling to the country The immigrants introduced Australians to espresso By the 1980s, Australians were fully engulfed in cafe culture.

They’ve also grown accustomed to specialty menu items like a flat white or an Australian macchiato So cafes in Australia were born out of like the Italian culture of, you know, meeting of friends and knowing your local barista and it being kind of like a local meeting place where everyone knew each other and that coffee was just a part of that and then Starbucks came in with what is more of an American style like coffee culture which is essentially just like coffee is a product, coffee is a commodity Coffee is like, like perk me up in the morning it’s caffeination Starbucks had a basic menu and offered more sugary drinks which most Australians didn’t like in Australia where, you know, local tastes are different So we don’t really want a coffee that’s, you know, hundreds of ounces with lots of sugar in it We want something a little more sophisticated Plus Starbucks charge more than local cafes .

So Australians instead opted to pay less for coffee they liked from a local barista they trusted And so when you come in with this big like hey, we’re going to open all these cafes And they’re all gonna be to go focus It just was the complete wrong market for what, what the Australian was used to But there is one American coffee company that’s thriving in Australia Founded in Chicago and now based in Australia Gloria Jean’s got the traction in Australia that Starbucks couldn’t Gloria Jean’s has more than 400 Australian locations And serves more than 35 million consumers in Australia each year So what is Gloria Jean’s doing in Australia that Starbucks isn’t Well the company attributed to success to two Australians who franchised the business in their home country Shops started to show up in Australia in 1996 Fast forward to today, the company has a presence in every Australian state .

The reason? Its menu The chain offers a wide variety of espresso drinks and specialty coffee Failing to adapt its menu to Australians coffee culture proved to be a mistake for Starbucks And the company faces another challenge later this year Italy Starbucks is opening its first store in Milan in late 2018 home of the espresso, Italy is rich in cafe culture But according to Starbucks it’s not going to make the same mistakes that it did in Australia The company said that it would develop in Italy with humility and respect for its coffee culture It announced it would be opening a roastery which is not your average cafe It gives customers a chance to see coffee beans roasted and processed before their eyes So there’s a chance that it won’t struggle like it did in Australia But Starbucks isn’t admitting defeat in Australia either Starbucks is staging a comeback on the continent In 2014, Starbucks locations in Australia were purchased by the Mount Waverley base withers group .

So this time it’s taking a different approach to putting Starbucks on the continent So if you just think about Australia as a big tourist destination There’s a lot of U.S. and Chinese tourists Starbucks has been very successful in China and it makes a lot of sense for them to build out because there are people looking for something that’s familiar to them Now with 39 locations in Brisbane, Melbourne, the Gold Coast, and Sydney areas this time it’s not looking to appeal to Australians but instead the coffee giant hopes to be a familiar face for tourists visiting popular vacation destinations in Australia free Australia has always been a high-volume tourist market .

The same thing in terms of international students at our universities are potential opportunities for them And we’re starting to see Starbucks enter into some large shopping malls here in Australia as well Australia welcomed 9 million tourists from 2017 and 2018 And those international visitors spent more than $30 billion in 2017 alone So tourists could possibly be the key to keeping the company afloat and preventing another downfall .

New Education Policy

Photo by Julia M Cameron on Pexels.com

Education is the most powerful weapon we can use to change the world- Nelson Mandela”

The knowledge and skills acquired by a person depends on the education system. A person cannot become a saint by learning about the scriptures and holy books, for this he must practice some basic self-actualization habits to conquer the hurdles and to achieve the desired position. Likewise, an engineer in his degree period is not restricted to the technical books. for this he also comes across the practical field to excel in the career.

The policies of education in the teaching sector are the backbone of it. Education policy is a plan where government is involved in the educational sphere and laws of education system. The most common place where education policy plays its part are- field of schools, include school size, class size, school choice, school privatization, teaching selection, education and certification, teacher pay, teaching method, curricular content, graduation requirement and school infrastructure investment. All the major part of the education revolves around the education policy. The stronger the policy the better will be the future of schooling.

With the onset of pandemic, the education policy has taken a big turn. For which, the whole world had to undergo the revision of education policy. In India, Government has come with National Education policy of 2020 where there are some modifications of rules and guidelines. Here, school curriculum  will be restructured in a new 5+3+3+4 form. Early childhood care and education (ECCE) focuses on investment infrastructure such as children playing equipments. There is also a Foundational literacy and Numeracy plan (FLN) where there is a three month preparatory course to students to access digital contents through energized textbook ETB-Diksha. It also aims to achieve universal foundational literacy and numeracy in primary schools by 2025. The policy also states that higher education system shall aim to be multidisciplinary by 2040. One of the most needed guidelines for teachers (Teachers and teacher education) where the policy proposes the minimum education degree requiring   a 4 year B.Ed undergraduate programme.  Policy also demands to allow promotion based on merit. A big change where this policy is coming up with “Equitable and inclusive education” plan where there is gender equality and promises to female and transgender students by driving state level inclusion activities, developing sufficient infrastructure for safety, and targeted boarding. Talking about the ground system and the building structure of education in country, this policy plans to re-organize smaller schools with very low enrolment into a school complex structure which connects 10-15 such small schools into one administrative which will help reduce school isolation efficiently, use teaching learning resources, and increase governance and accountability, especially in rural/ adivasi parts of India.

Thus, it is quite evident that the countries education system has reversed. There is a big competition in the education field to achieve the best goal. With the right plan and structures this country could attain success. As said,” Education is the best economy policy there is – Tony Blair”

What Is Inflation – The Truth behind Inflation | Real Burglar Of Money

Hello friends! If I gave you a hundred rupee note in the year 1958 and you kept it hidden under your bed for 60 years And if you took out that note today and used it in the market, then the value of that note would have reduced to a mere 1 rupee 20 paise in comparison to 1958 Let me explain it to you from another angle, if you did not understand If you buy something worth 100 rupees today, it would have cost 1 Rupee 20 paise back in 1958 That is 100 rupees of today is equal to 1 rupee 20 paise of 1958 This is because of inflation Inflation means dearness of things that makes things costlier for all of us every year Why does inflation occur and what are the reasons behind this? Is it really a bad thing? And how is inflation related to unemployment and other economic factors? We will talk about all of this in today’s video where I will explain this “ghastly” inflation to you Come, let us see First of all, a very important question- Why does inflation happen and who is causing it to happen? Are some government officials increasing the prices of things arbitrarily? It is not so .

There are several reasons for inflation but I’d like to discuss 4 main reasons for inflation in this article The first reason is very simple- An economic boom That is, a good economic growth When the economic growth is good, then there’s more money in the hands of the people who can spend it on different items When there’s more money in the hands of the people, they can spend it on different items That is, the demand for everything would go up in the economy When demand goes up, the businesses and companies that manufacture these products seek to increase the prices in a bid to earn more profit since so many people are willing to buy So they increase the price of the goods which will then lead to inflation Explaining this with an example- Imagine an aeroplane with 100 seats and 100 passengers have to board that plane But there are only 10 first class seats and 90 economy class seats Now if the passengers are given more money If they’re all given enough money to be able to afford a first class seat, they’ll all want to book a first class seat. But the number of seats are only 10 Not all of them can have a first class seat So what would happen as a response? In response, the airline would hike the prices of its first class seats so that only those who have more money can afford to book a first class seat So basically there is an inflation This type of inflation is called a “demand pull inflation”.

 A demand pull inflation is when the inflation rises with the rise in demand The second reason is the increase in the prices of the raw materials due to different reasons For example, if the prices of wheat and rice rise due to a bad monsoon season, the prices of oil rise or a new tax imposed by the government lead to a rise in the price of one of the raw materials then the companies that manufacture products using these raw materials they’d have to hike the prices of the products to make profits since manufacturing them would become costlier which would ultimately lead to inflation This inflation is called “cost push inflation” The third reason is increase in the salaries No, I’m not joking: When the companies or governments raise the salaries of their employees, then they have to increase the price of their products as well to be able to still make profits .This inflation is called “wage push inflation”.

 There could be other reasons for this as well If unemployment levels are at very low levels in a country, then it is extremely difficult for the companies to replace their employees and if they aren’t replaced, their salaries would have to be raised and this again, triggers inflation And finally, the fourth reason is currency depreciation This can happen due to several different reasons, out of which one of the most important reasons is printing of more notes by the government which leads to the currency losing its value And this is a very dicey reason This could also potentially trigger hyper inflation which is happening in Venezuela today and happened in Zimbabwe in 2008 If the inflation rate touches even 10% in our country, then it would cause the people to comment that things are becoming extremely dear very fast But in Venezuela, between 2016- 2019, the inflation rate was more than 5 crore percent!

 Taking the example of Zimbabwe, Around 2008, the currency of Zimbabwe was losing its value at such a rapid pace that the government began printing 1 million dollar and 1 billion dollar notes! And there existed even a 1 trillion dollar note in Zimbabwean dollars And do you know what the value of that 1 trillion Zimbabwean dollar note was? Just 1 US dollar! This is the extent to which money can lose its value in a case of hyper inflation But this is a very long topic on its own and I will make a video on it in the future because there are several political reasons behind it, apart from the economic ones Talking about the present, the inflation rate in most of the countries today is going down Think about why this is happening It is because of the shrinking demand in the wake of the lockdowns that have been imposed around the world People are buying fewer things and travelling less .

The people do not have money to spend because their businesses have shut down And so, there has been a decline in overall demand And the opposite of the “demand pull”(which I told you about as the first reason) is happening Since the demand is going down, so is the inflation As a response to this, some countries have decided to transfer cash to the people- distribute it for free Now, some people state that doing this would cause the inflation to increase What do you think will happen? I discussed the same logic in this video on Universal Basic Income that the biggest criticism of the Universal Basic Income and the free distribution of money is that it will cause the inflation to spike What do you think? Write down your explanations in the comments below And I will give the answer to this question later in the video I’d like to pose another interesting question before you Is inflation necessary? 

What if there was 0% inflation? Observing superficially, you could think that this would be great as things would stop becoming costlier and that it is good for you as you will be able to afford it for cheap You would be able to save up more and overtime, the value of money would not depreciate either So this would be another great thing! Analyzing deeply upon the reasons that lead to inflation then you would understand that 0% inflation is actually not a good thing This would mean that companies would not raise your salaries Your salary would remain constant And since salaries never go down, therefore, in general, inflation always stays in the positive .

And there is a third reason as well If there is deflation, that is, the prices of things keep decreasing every year, then the people would not want to spend money. They would want to save up First of all, the value of money is increasing, If deflation continues to happen, then five years on, the item that one wishes to buy would come for cheaper So they would want to buy it five years later instead of buying it now This would cut down the overall public expenditure Lesser expenditure would mean that the businesses would start incurring losses The businesses incurring losses would translate to people losing their jobs which would then cause the unemployment to rise I’ve told you about a very long and convoluted connection- You might wonder if it actually happens so Yes it does There is a very interesting relation between unemployment and inflation .

This shows us the inverse relation between unemployment and inflation If there’s economic growth, there will be an increase in inflation and unemployment would go down and unemployment will rise if inflation goes down And this is a very interesting explanation because one would not expect this to happen, but it does in reality But as obvious, there are some extreme limits where this graph is not valid For example, in the case of hyperinflation It isn’t that Venezuela today has 100% employment and 0% unemployment Some other factors come into play there. For instance, political factors which cause inflation to spike But generally, this graph is valid A question arises- Excessive inflation is bad because it would cause hyperinflation and increase dearness Nominal inflation is also bad because it would cause unemployment to rise So, what is the optimum level of inflation that a country should maintain? What could it be? This figure is 2% for the developed countries .

The central banks and the governments of the developed nations have decided that they should maintain an inflation rate of about 2% If it is more, then they would try and reduce it And if it is less, they would try and increase it For India, this rate is 4% with a margin of ±2% So the ideal inflation rate in India should be around 2-6% This keeps the prices stable and keeps the levels of unemployment at their lowest It ensures maximum employment So, if a government wants to control inflation, how can it do that? There can be several ways to do this Generally, the central bank of a country is responsible for controlling the inflation rate and normally, the central bank- RBI, in the case of India- controls the inflation rates by increasing/decreasing its interest rates If RBI increases it interest rates (which are called repo rates) which is charged on loans given to other banks.

 Then fewer banks would want to take loans And these banks in turn, would increase their interest rates as well which would reduce the number of people wanting to take loans This would result in lesser money being circulated in the economy And if this happens so, then inflation would go down And if RBI slashes its interest rates, then indirectly, through other banks, more people would want to take loans and this would push the inflation up So inflation rate can mainly be controlled by increasing or decreasing the interest rates But there are other ways as well- Inflation can also be controlled by printing of more notes Printing of more notes would obviously cause inflation to rise.

 The government can control inflation by imposing more taxes as I had explained in the reasons earlier in this video The government can also control inflation by spending more or by spending less, if there is a recession in a country and there’s no economic growth, then inflation would also decline This happens on a general basis, but not always Sometimes, it also happens that a country’s economic growth is going down and the country is going into recession but inflation is going up This situation is called “Stagflation”. This is a disastrous thing indeed. 

Why does this happen? The reason for this is- Assume that there is a recession within a country, but the cost push factors- the second reason for the rise of inflation that we talked about- The cost of the raw materials is rising For example, the rise of oil prices all across the world so the oil imported would then cost more so the inflation would rise because of cost push factors but there is recession within the country There is another exception from the other side- If there is deflation in a country, but simultaneously, there is economic growth in the country This happened in the USA between 1870-1890 This period is referred to as “The Great Deflation”.

 The cost of the goods were falling by around 2% every year and there was deflation, but there was also an economic boom Both the people and the businesses were making more money and employment was on the rise The reason behind this attributed to the rise in productivity This was a time when there was technological progress at such a rapid pace and new technologies were being developed that it compensated for the deflation Reverting to our original question- if people are given money for free in today’s times during this recession then would it lead to a rise in inflation? In my opinion, the answer of this is no. Inflation would not rise because handing out money wouldn’t amount to such a huge increase in wealth that people become capable to buy things that are not being supplied It would not be so. Because it would push up the demand very slightly.

And demand has fallen so low that giving out paltry sums of money would not alter the demand drastically So I do not think that the distribution of money for free would trigger any sort of inflation No matter how much importance inflation holds for the entire economy, but if we come down to personal consequences and how it personally affects you, then you could say that it has a negative consequence The money that you save up would lose value over time the prices of the things keep going up and dearness would always be on the rise .

This is why people invest their money in different things rather than stashing it under their bed For example, they buy gold with it. Because the price of gold rises overtime The value of money keeps diminishing due to inflation but the value of gold keeps rising Similarly, some people buy real estate/ Property to avoid this And some people invest in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin , Ethereum ,etc.

TAMIL COMMUNITY AND CASTE

CASTE

Why caste? Who formed caste system? What for it is? For whom does it benefit? Who were all affected?

There arises an uncountable number of questions when we start a conversation on caste. As there is no origin or an individual discoverer of caste, making it even more complex. It just evolved and attained various forms in the society, in general, it is  time variant in nature. Each defines himself as a top caste and compares it only with a caste/ community lower than his/hers. It doesn’t mean like only privileged communities, boost themselves rather, people used it as a upgrading tool wherever required. Like, if they are benefitted by showing up their caste, they would outbreak it via asking their native land.

Natives of the State 

 As in Tamil Nadu, to say in real each district has its own dominated community. Coimbatore- Gounder, Vanniyar; Thirunelveli – Nadar; Ramanathapuram – Mukkulathor; Madurai- Thevar and so on. These information almost are known to every tamilian who has an idea and impact of community in their life, in fact they can’t even sustain in society without knowing these.

Politics

This might sound pretty unethical to outsiders who are unaware of the candidates of each dominant party selecting their elective members for a particular ward/ district. Keenly observing, each party will hold a diversity in its selection of leading members. But actually people are fine with it, Tamil Nadu is the only state in India, which has been ruled by state-level parties either single-handedly or in alliance with the national parties. Majority parties are only DMK and AIADMK, other parties could neither match the outstanding competition between them nor sustain in the battle.

Unity in Diversity

Behind all the scenes, when it comes to tamil culture and language, they are all one in a hand. The ideology of language and heritage seems to be same for all tamilians. Being the longest surving language in the world, it outstandes in its poetry and literature which is most experienced when written in its true style “Pure Tamil”.Tamilians value heritage and tradition and stand united when issues arise especially on jalli kattu protest, NEET exam and many others.

Can we imagine living without community?

It is quiet difficult and unimaginable when it comes to a state comprising 100+ communities in it. Many reformers had tried to throw off community and articulated to live unison as Tamilians. The surnames of keeping their community names behind the names are widely wiped off from the state. This is still an identity in most other states in India like Kerala, Andhra and other northern states. This surname idea is held out of the state only by the refinement in ideologies of people by Periyar, Anna and Babasaheb.

 

MTR FOODS – A MARKETING MARVEL

MTR FOODS-A MARKETING MARVEL

MTR foods is a successful company due to their continuous marketing activities by focusing on what the customer requirement is! It is a marketing oriented company and also shows the legacy by catering the needs of customers and providing their matching products.

Any company or business unit is successful in strategy when it is able to map its internal resources with external environment and create value for customers in the process of revenue of the company. MTR is the legacy of MARKETING STRATEGY THINKING in the food industry for seven and a half decades. 

It is a marvel because it has the ability to stand in the environmental demand drives that dominates food industry with the appropriate marketing mix

EVOLUTION OF MAVALLI TIFFIN ROOMS:

The MAVALLI TIFFIN ROOMS commonly called as MTR foods is the brand name of food related Enterprise located in India. Having it’s origin in Banglore, it has a restaurant now in Lal Bagh Road, Banglore and in 6 branches of the city, as well as Singapore, Dubai and  Muscat. This restaurant was closed in the period of Indian Emergency which was in mid of 1970 when the food control act was made profitable to serve food items until it reopened in 1984. This made the beginning of the entry into the convenience and instant food business, in sense a turning point. MTR foods is also the first company in the world to have frozen dosa, which can be heated and eaten. It is believed that MTR is the one who brought the  Ice cream vending machine to India.

MARKETING MIX PERSPECTIVE OF MTR FOODS

Product – Marketing Mix

MTR foods is a food product company offering a diversified range of packaged food products. It includes items for breakfast, meals and in between meals like Frozen foods. It innovates continuously based on the products which matches the customers needs, wants and demand. The framework of customer vs product matching of this company can be understood as marketing Marvel Company.

Place – Marketing Mix

Place in marketing mix means distribution or channel for selling the products. It spreads it’s business from Banglore, exports to several countries like Singapore, Malaysia, Mauritius, Japan, Middle East, New Zealand, Australia, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada and United States. Their products are easily available in supermarkets, hypermarkets, discount rates, convenience stores and grocery stores. MTR foods have also launched it’s E commerce platform from Banglore as a venture to move with changing times.

Promotion – Marketing Mix

Promotion is a tool in marketing to make the customer aware, inform and create a positive attitude towards company and products. The tool is advertising, personal – selling, sales promotions and publicity. It has organized sampling activities at popular places and launched several campaigns. 

Price – Marketing Mix

Price is the last one marketer but it is difficult when compared to all marketing elements. MTR foods are estimated as rupees 700crore company with growth rate at 18%CAGR. Its export is nearly 20% and sales in Southern states to 60% of its total revenue. It has launched it’s web portal as much needed initiative to earn larger profits to cut down distribution costs. 

Win Marketing, be a Marvel!

GLOBAL WARMING

Green house effect

Global warming refers to an average increase in the earth’s temperature, which in turn causes changes in climate.   During the past 4.65 billion years of its history, earth has warmed many times. But at present it is facing a rapid warming mainly due to human activities. The average temperature of the earth is about 59⁰F (15⁰C). During the last century this average has risen by about 1⁰F. By the year 2100, it is believed that the rise would be between 2.5 and 10.4⁰F. This will cause dramatic changes such as rise in sea level, changes in rainfall patterns,wide range of impacts on plants, wildlife and humans.

Green house gases and Green house effect

The trapping of energy from the sun by certain gases in the atmosphere leading to rise in earth’s temperature is known as Green house effect. Hence these gases are known as green house gases. Some gases such as water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane act as the trap. These gases absorb and reflect infra-red waves radiated by earth. By doing so,these gases conserve heat as in a green house.

Normally all life on earth depends on this green house effect. If it does not exist, earth would be cooled,and ice would cover earth from pole to pole.But if the greenhouse effect becomes strong it could make the earth warmer than usual. Even a little extra warming may cause problems for humans, plants and animals.

Types of Greenhouse Gases

In the environment, greenhouse gases occur (i) naturally or (ii) from the human activities.

The most abundant greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide. It reaches the atmosphere due to volcanic eruptions, respiration of animals, burning and decay of organic matter such as plants.  Normally carbon-dioxide is removed by the plants through photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is also absorbed into ocean water. But humans by their activities increase the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Such activities include burning of fossil fuels,solid wastes,wood and wood products to drive vehicles, generate electricity etc. At the same time due to deforestation, the number of trees available to absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis has been greatly reduced.

Human activities, have caused carbon-dioxide to be released to the atmosphere at rates much faster than that at which earth’s natural processes can recycle this gas. There were about 280 molecules of carbon-dioxide per million molecules of air (i.e.,parts per million or ppm) in 1750. Today atmospheric carbon-dioxide concentrations are 368ppm, a 31% increase.

Methane traps 20 times more heat than carbon-dioxide. It is emitted during the production and transport of coal,natural gas and oil. It is also emitted from rotting organic waste in sand fills,by the cows as a by product of digestion. Since 1750,the amount of methane in the atmosphere has more than doubled.

Nitrous oxide traps 300 times more heat than carbon-dioxide. Burning fossil duels and ploughing farm soil releases Nitrous oxide. Since 1750 ots level increased by 17%.

Hydrocarbons formed from the manufacture of foams,coolants such as chlorofluorocarbons used in refrigerators are the other gases responsible for global warming.

In 2000,scientists discovered an alarming increase in the level of a new gas called trifluoromethyl sulphur penta fluoride. Eventhough the gas is rare, it traps more effectively than all other greenhouse gases, The saddest part of it is that the industrial source of the gas is not yet identified.

Effects of Global warming

1. Due to the warming of oceans, sea level will rise. Glacier ice will also melt,causing further rise in sea level. As a result in the 21st century sea level will rise from 9 to 88 cm. Such a rise will submerge many parts of countries.

2. Seasons will be longer in some areas.

3. The warmed would will be generally more humid and greater humidity will increase the rainfall.

4. Storms are expected to be more frequent and intense.

5. Some regions of the world become dry.

6. Wind blows will be harder and in different patterns . Hurricane would be more severer.

7. Weather patterns would be less prediclable and more extreme.

8. Crops and forests may be affected by more insects and plant diseases.

9. Some types of forests may disappear.

10. More people will get sick or die from heat stress.

11. Tropical diseases such as malaria, dengue fever,yellow fever and encephalitis will spread to other parts of the world.

Effects to control Global warming

Two major ways are there to control global warming: 1. to keep the carbon-dioxide out of the atmosphere by storing the gas or its carbon component somewhere else,a strategy called carbon sequestration. 2.to reduce the production of greenhouse gases.

Carbon sequestration

The simple technique is to preserve trees and plants more. Trees ,take up carbon-dioxide, break it down in photosynthesis, and store carbon in new wood. It need massive reforestation. Carbon-dioxide can also be sequestration directly into deep ocean water or into oil wells or some aquifer from which it cannot escape.

Reduce the production of greenhouse gases

Usage of alternative fuels such as nuclear energy, solar power, wind power and hydrogen fuel cells which emit no greenhouse gases are being considered.

Bhagat Singh- The Legend.

Bhagat Singh was a true symbol of heroism for the youth of India. Born on September 28, 1909, in Lyallpur now in Pakistan. Bhagat was the son of Shri Kishan and Shrimati Vidyavati. He was still a student of the National College and only sixteen years of age when he joined the revolutionary movement.

  The very tragedy of Jallianwala Bagh in 1919, where the British fired at the gathering in the bagh killing men, women, and children. This event caused a wave of terror and anger amongst the people all over the country. Bhagat Singh then a young lad of twelve years was greatly disturbed by this event. The feeling that the British must be driven out of India., lodged in the young boy’s mind. He asked his father Kishan Singh who himself was a revolutionary for permission to join the revolutionary movement.

  Later on, he even refused to marry and dedicate his life to the Liberation of India. He organized revolutionary activities others like namely Raj Guru, Chandrashekhar Azad, Sukhdev, and others. The planned agitations in Panjab, U.P., Delhi. They also planned agitation against the Simon Commission who had come from England to India to decide how much freedom and responsibility could be given to Indians. The absence of Indians on the committee made the Indians very angry. They protested with black flags, shouting ‘Go Back, Simon’. Lala Lajpat Rai was the patriot leader of this group. An officer named Saunders had hit Lala Lajpat Rai on his chest. Lalaji was badly injured and succumbed to his injuries a month later. This loss was avenged by Bhagat Singh and his revolutionaries who decided to kill Scott who had ordered the assault, instead they killed Saunders, the same officer who had hit Lalaji and killed him.

   They also exploded a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly of ‘Inqalaab Zindabad’ ( long live Revolution). Bhagat Singh and his companions were arrested and a trial commenced. The judgment said that Bhagat Singh, Raj Guru, and Sukhdev were to be hanged until death while some others were jailed for a few years. The day decided was the 24th of March 1931, but they were hanged a day earlier and not even their families were allowed to meet them. Even on the day of hanging, they were fearless and cheerful. Kissing the rope, they themselves put it around their neck, they died with the name of Bharat Mata on their lips.

  Bhagat Singh was a revolutionary and a true patriot. He was against the tyrannical explorers and was of the view that the people were strong enough to rid themselves of their capitalist oppressors. He urged the people to feel proud and dedicate themselves to the liberation of their Motherland. Bhagat Singh died when he was only twenty-four years of age. An age at which other young people indulge in trivial pleasures and have no real aim in life. We owe it to him, and to the others who had died for the nation, to realize their dreams and shape India according to the ideals set by them that of a progressive and peaceful India.

Global Warming- Heating the mind to stress

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Photo by Guillaume Falco on Pexels.com

It is happening every summer that we find it hotter than the last one. Ever wondered why?

It is not because we can’t tolerate heat but try to blame it all on the season. It is a real phenomenon taking place namely, Global Warming. It points to the increasing heat in the atmosphere and on the surface of the Earth due to the presence of pollutants and carelessness of people.

The problem is increasing manifold with no concern among the people. They are continuing to use products which are harmful for the health of our planet and cause damage and depletion of its ecosystem.

The presence of smoke and melting of Glaciers clearly signals the need to conserve the environment. The issue is we notice the Smog covering the atmosphere and obstructing our vision during winters, but do not find reasons and solutions to it. We read and listen news about the Glaciers melting out rapidly but do not try to find out the reasons behind the same. Even when we know the problem, we leave it all to the government to sort it out for us. However it is equally important for us to participate in them and support the authorities which are working for it. Only few can’t solve a problem created by us all. We all are responsible for it and should work towards the solution. The pollution has been created because we all use ACs, refrigerators, Private vehicles or any of such products which emit pollutants harming the ecosystem. Industries are growing, so is the pollution. The ozone layer is depleting bringing in harmful sun rays that cause skin diseases, cancer, cataract. We are aware about them but still don’t work for them which is completely foolish. We are keeping ourselves in the dark. The effects may not be visible to the careless eyes now but it would lead to long term consequences which can destroy Life on the planet.

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Talking about the present, this increased heat on the surface of the Earth is affecting the mental health in a way. It becomes too hot during the summers and too cold during the winters which is all due to the Global Warming. These adversities of the climate affect the mind and the thinking skills of a human. They affect other life forms as well but focusing on the humans, they affect our power of mind.

You might have heard “Too much of anything is not good”. It implies in this situation as well. It’s important for it being hot in summers and cold during winters but too much of them affects the lifestyle. Our body is designed to adapt the natural changes that take place automatically but the changes in the nature that are happening due to our carelessness go against the environment, which is unfavorable for us as well. We cannot hold on to much of heat. It starts moving to our brain from the upper body surface and affects out mental capability.

Anger is the most observed and typical example to prove it. You must have seen people getting angry on small things, during the day, which is because they already handle load of work which is now being complemented by the harmful heat of the day. The sun rays affect the mind. The difference is, it is positive when in limits but converts to negative when exceeds the requirements of the human body. The stress shoots up and you might feel headache very often.

The Fascination of Blue

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The fascination is something that comes in handy when you indeed are gifted with the weird yet beautiful planet of the solar system. Yes, earth, though this earth has many things to provide us and above all give us our life, a place to call home and a guardian to protect us too it also has many secrets, some of them we can find but some are way deep than our reach and all this is what makes it more fascinating and mysterious in its way.

So, today this article will provide you more facts and data to help the level of fascination to be more than just a child’s dream of a candy house.

Rolling It Up

  • Round- Round way flat- Though we have always learned from childhood that our home is round but what if I tell you it’s flat around the equator and the melting of ice is also helping in the broadening of its waistline. Earth rotation, many other forces, and motion are responsible for changing the earth’s shape, it still will be able to hold this not-so-round sphere shape for a long time.
  • The Purple and long Day– Do you know that many scientists believe that our earth once was purple in color because at that time as a molecule Retinol was used as the way to absorb green light instead of chlorophyll. Our day use to be 6 hours long but as our moon keeps slowing down the rotation of the earth today we have 24hrs long days and it will keep on increasing after every century.
  • Magic is in Air: Every one of us believes in the magic of something or anything but what if I say that it’s actually true that magic is in the air and every day the dust or cosmic dust as we call them is falling on the earth surface around 60 tons every day. Our earth is not just having cosmic dust but also there is no record of having the information about who gave it the name Earth as every else planet is named after Greek god just not the earth.
  • The big Appetite: Our earth is close enough to the sun, though having many benefits over the doom but we still have some pressing issue of the big, old and angry star our Sun. As every old star gets old, exhausts its hydrogen and collapses into gravity, and then consumes everything around him to create a void-filled hole, a black hole. So do can happen with our sun and taking all of us in the process but we don’t need to worry it’s still a long way down.
  • The apple that fell: As the apple fell so do the gravity gets its virtue but even though we know there is everywhere gravity and not just our solar system but each and everything is under the direct effect of gravity which is keeping everything in its static position, but then also some of the places or point of the gravity bed is so high and so low that they make a noticeable difference. This variation is known as Gravity Anomili.

SUCCESS STORY OF KFC

 

“It’s never too late to start something
new, to do all those things that you’ve been longing to do.” Dallas Clayton.
This proverb stands true for KFC owner Colonel Harland Sanders. He
started selling fried chicken when he was 69. He shattered entrepreneurial myth
such as you have to start at young age to be a successful entrepreneur.

History of KFC

KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken) was
established by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1952 in Utah. He worked for many
years in various fields with mixed success before starting fast food chain KFC.
KFC
focused on the fried chicken when there was dominance of hamburger. Sanders
learnt cooking at the early age of 7. He developed what he called his “Original
Recipe” comprising of 11 herbs and spices in July 1940. The same recipe is used
for KFC restaurants chain. KFC headquarter was established in Louisville,
Kentucky in 1959.

Early Years of KFC

In 1952, Sanders franchised his secret
recipe “Kentucky Fried Chicken” for the first time, to Pete Harman of South
Salt Lake, Utah, the operator of one of that city’s largest restaurants. The
franchise concept became successful. After the success of Pete Harman, several
other restaurant owners franchised the concept and paid Sanders $0.04 per
chicken. Sanders visited suitable restaurants in US
looking to offer the franchise, after he sold his south salt lake restaurant
due to new reduced traffic rules. After closing the North Corbin site, Sanders
and his wife Claudia opened a new restaurant and company headquarters in
Shelbyville in 1959. He slept in back of his car quite often, while visiting
the restaurants to offer the franchise if the staff liked his chicken. After
some time the franchise started to visit Colonel Sanders instead. He ran the
company and his wife Claudia mixed and shipped the spices to restaurants.

The franchise approach was the demand of
the town; KFC was one of the first fast food chains to expand internationally,
opening outlets in Canada and later in the UK, Mexico and Jamaica by the
mid-1960s. Overwhelmed by the growth of the company,
aging Colonel Sanders sold the company to John Y. Brown Jr. and Jack C. Massey
in 1964. But Sanders continued his association with the company as a salaried
brand ambassador. Colonel Sanders died at the age of 90 years in December 16,
1980. During this journey, he got a rejection from 1009
restaurants. However, he never gives up as he was confident about his unique
recipe and its taste. And finally, the day came when few restaurants agreed to
sell Sander’s chicken recipe. By the year 1963, nearly 600 restaurants agreed
to sell the recipe and Kentucky chicken making it a brand.

Today KFC has established itself as the
2nd largest food chain spread globally in 136 countries. The lesson we learn
from Sander’s life is that Success is achievable at any age. The only thing
required is your conviction towards fulfilling your dream at any stage of your
life. Always believe in yourself wholeheartedly, the burning desire to succeed
will pave your path towards your dream despite everything even your age! So
Never give up!

 

ECO CIRCUIT OF BIHAR

KAKOLAT (NAWADA)

It is a waterfall in Gobindpur, about 21 miles away from Nawada. Just below the fall, there is a deep natural reservoir. The fall is about 150 to 160 feet, from the ground level. The scene is panoramic due to all around green forest area, which looks very pleasant in watching. According to the legend, in Treta Yuga a king was cursed by a Rishi and had to take a shape of a python and lived here. The place was visited by the great Pandava during their exile and the king who was cursed got salvation from the bad effects of the curse. The king after getting rid of the curse proclaimed that one who would bathe in the waterfall will not take the yoni of snake and that is why a large number of people from far and near bathe in the river. A big fair is held on the occasion of vishya or Chait Sankranti.

BHIMBANDH (MUNGER)
Bhimbandh Wild Life Sanctuary is located in the south west of Munger District. The forests cover an area of 681.99 sq km on the hills and undulating tract of Kharagpur Hills. The vegetation of these forests is very rich where Sal, Semal and other trees grow side by side the hilly terrains, protecting from the sun rays the forms and the humble creepers which grow below. A host of wild animals such as Tiger, Leopards, Sloth Bear, Nilgai, Sambhar, Barking deer, Wild Bear, Four Horned Antelope are found in these forests. In the valley portions and at the foothills are several hot springs of which the finest are at Bhimbandh, Sita Kund and Rishi Kund.
GHODA KATORA 
It is being developed as an Eco-tourism site, which will have a huge Buddha statue which will be flanked by his four important disciples Ananda, Maha Kassapa, Maha Moggallana and Sariputta. The idea is to tribute to the Buddha and his disciples who are part of the cultural legacy of Bihar.

VALMIKI NAGAR TIGER RESERVE
It is the safe home for the tigers, one of the threatened species of the world. It is spread across 880 sq km (approx). Located at the cradle of Himalayan outermost Shivalik range, the region has a very undulating landscape compromising of steep rise and deep ridges with the lush green forest around. The leopards and Tigers along with the Fishing Cats, Chitals, Sambar, Black Bucks, Langur, Sloth Bears, Gaurs make the jungle an adventurous destination for the tourists. The deep forests of Sal, Asan, Karama, Semal, Cane etc. offers a pleasant climate in the area. 
BARABAR CAVES 
The architectural beauty of Barabar Caves situated in the Barabar Hills is magnificent. These caves are located at a distance of around 25 km from Gaya. These caves were carved during the first phase of development of Buddhism in the second century BC. These rock caves are deep and finely cut and have fine glassy and shining polish inside. Buddhist literature reveals that these caves are divided in three types and one of them is Nagarjuna Caves. Other two are Hut Caves and Caves of Pandavas. Nagarjuna situated on Nagarjuna Hill are two in number; Sudama Chaupar. These caves are meant for ascetic spiritual Buddhist monks who were truth seekers and wanted isolation .
GANGETIC DOLPHINS SANCTUARY, BHAGALPUR
Located in Bhagalpur district, the sanctuary is a 50 km stretch of the Ganga river. It is the only protected area for the endangered Gangetic Dolphins in Asia.