Financial inclusion may be defined as the process of ensuring access to financial services and timely and adequate credit where needed by vulnerable groups such as weaker sections and lower income groups at an affordable cost. Financial inclusion, broadly defined, refers to universal access to a wide range of financial services at reasonable cost. These not only include banking products, but also other financial services such as insurance and equity products.
INDICATORS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION
As per the general laid down standards following are the key indicators of financial inclusion:
· Formal banking system
This refers to the existence and usage of banking services which are regulated by formal mechanism.
· Formal credit
The usage of formal or recognized credit providers indicates the presence of an inclusive financial system.
· Insurance
Apart from formal lending and depositing the citizens will also have access to proper insurance providers in a well inclusive financial system.
· Savings options
An inclusive financial system should provide attractive options to deposit the saved funds irrespective of the customer background.
· Modern banking
Each and every user should have access to modern banking services like electronic banking, mobile banking, internet banking, etc.
FACTORS AFFECTING FINANCIAL INCLUSION
Access to financial services have been recognized as an important aspect of development and more emphasis is given to extending financial services to low-income households. The lack of financial services limits the range of financial services and 7 credits for households. There are multiple factors which have affected the access to financial services, like
· Place of living
The area of operation of banks are limited to some specific geographical areas which leaves a significant portion of the rural population unbanked.
· Absence of legal identity and gender biasness
Due to lack of financial independence and unemployment there exists a bias on the basis of gender in having access to formal financial services.
· Limited knowledge of financial services
Illiteracy and lack of proper knowledge about banking system has led to reluctance towards formal banking practices among deprived classes.
· Level of income and bank charges
The charges and fines levied by banks make them less attractive for some classes of society.
· Rigid terms and conditions
Since formal banking system is subject to strict rules and regulations, many finds it difficult.
NEED FOR FINANCIAL INCLUSION
Financial inclusion broadens the resource base of the financial system by developing a culture of savings among large segment of rural population and plays its own role in the process of economic development. Further by bringing low -income groups within the perimeter of formal banking sector, financial inclusion protects their financial wealth and other resources. Financial inclusion also mitigates the exploitation of vulnerable sections by the usurious money lenders by facilitating easy access to formal credit.
India is a nation with a major chunk of the population living under vulnerable conditions. So, it is the duty each and every privileged section to lift the conditions of the underprivileged. Financial inclusion will pave a path of uplifting the society and empowering the people.
Financial inclusion may be defined as the process of ensuring access to financial services and timely and adequate credit where needed by vulnerable groups such as weaker sections and lower income groups at an affordable cost. Financial inclusion, broadly defined, refers to universal access to a wide range of financial services at reasonable cost. These not only include banking products, but also other financial services such as insurance and equity products.
INDICATORS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION
As per the general laid down standards following are the key indicators of financial inclusion:
· Formal banking system
This refers to the existence and usage of banking services which are regulated by formal mechanism.
· Formal credit
The usage of formal or recognized credit providers indicates the presence of an inclusive financial system.
· Insurance
Apart from formal lending and depositing the citizens will also have access to proper insurance providers in a well inclusive financial system.
· Savings options
An inclusive financial system should provide attractive options to deposit the saved funds irrespective of the customer background.
· Modern banking
Each and every user should have access to modern banking services like electronic banking, mobile banking, internet banking, etc.
FACTORS AFFECTING FINANCIAL INCLUSION
Access to financial services have been recognized as an important aspect of development and more emphasis is given to extending financial services to low-income households. The lack of financial services limits the range of financial services and 7 credits for households. There are multiple factors which have affected the access to financial services, like
· Place of living
The area of operation of banks are limited to some specific geographical areas which leaves a significant portion of the rural population unbanked.
· Absence of legal identity and gender biasness
Due to lack of financial independence and unemployment there exists a bias on the basis of gender in having access to formal financial services.
· Limited knowledge of financial services
Illiteracy and lack of proper knowledge about banking system has led to reluctance towards formal banking practices among deprived classes.
· Level of income and bank charges
The charges and fines levied by banks make them less attractive for some classes of society.
· Rigid terms and conditions
Since formal banking system is subject to strict rules and regulations, many finds it difficult.
NEED FOR FINANCIAL INCLUSION
Financial inclusion broadens the resource base of the financial system by developing a culture of savings among large segment of rural population and plays its own role in the process of economic development. Further by bringing low -income groups within the perimeter of formal banking sector, financial inclusion protects their financial wealth and other resources. Financial inclusion also mitigates the exploitation of vulnerable sections by the usurious money lenders by facilitating easy access to formal credit.
India is a nation with a major chunk of the population living under vulnerable conditions. So, it is the duty each and every privileged section to lift the conditions of the underprivileged. Financial inclusion will pave a path of uplifting the society and empowering the people.
Urbanization refers to moving rural population in urban areas. With the gradual growth of the economy, the process of urbanization depends on the shift of surplus population from rural to urban areas along with the growth of some industrialized urban centres.
People from isolated village started to move towards urbanized centres in search of job, established industries and other activities constantly offer job opportunities to those people migrating to cities.
Urbanization in india
In India, an increasing trends towards urbanization has been recorded from the very beginning of this era. The census data on the rural – urban mixture reveal a continuous rise in the rate of urbanization in india.
Causes of Rapid Urbanization in India
Expansion in government services as a result of the second World War.
Migration of people during the partition of India and Industrial Revolution.
Eleventh Five year Plan that aimed at urbanization for the economic development of India.
Growth of Private sector after 1990.
Infrastructure facilities in the urban areas.
Land fragmentation, village being erased due to roads and highway construction, dam construction and other activities.
Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood, but now it is not profitable due to several reasons such as drought low productivity. These situations are forcibly the people of rural areas to migrate towards cities.
Growth of employment in cities is attracting people from rural areas as well as smaller cities to large towns. According to Mckinsey India’s urban population will grow from 340 million in 2008 to 590 million in 2030.
Therefore, it is being driven by economic compulsions where people move out for economic advancement to areas offering better job opportunities.
Urban Local Government
The concept of local self Government is based on the assumption that there are certain basic human needs having direct bearing on the lives of the individual and the community as a whole. The Governance of an urban areas by the local people through their elected representative is called urban Governance. Urban local government in India was constitutionalised through the 74th constitutional Amendment Act of 1992. The Ministry at Central level dealt with urban local government such as Ministry of Urban development, Ministry of Defense in the case of cantonment Boards, Ministry of Home Affair in the case of Union Territories.
The Institution of Urban local Government originated and developed in modern India during the period of British rule. 1667 Municipal Corporation Madras, 1726, Municipal Corporation Bombay, Calcutta. 1870 Lord Mayo resolution on financial decentralization. 1882 Lord Rippon resolution, which is held as the Magna Carta of local Self Government. Rippon is remembered as father of local Self Government. 1919 Dyarchical scheme introduced in provinces.1924 Cantonments Act was passed and 1935 Provincial autonomy introduced.
73rd Amendment Act of 1992
The act has added part IX – A to the Constitution of India. It is entitled as the municipalities and consists of provision from Article 243P to 243G. This act added 12th schedule to the Constitution. Indian long history of Urban Municipal Governance was characterised by some structural infirmities & affected it’s performance. Municipal bodies we’re delegate limited powers with restricted autonomy.
The 74th act gave constitutional status to the municipalities which has brought under the preview of judicial part of the Constitution. The act aim at revitalizing and strong thing the urban Government so that they function effectively as units of self Government.
The members of municipality are directly elected by people of the area. The territorial constituency of municipality is known as wards. The state legislature determine the manner of election of chairperson and representation of knowledgeable person and member of parliament to municipality.
The salient features of the 74th Amendment Act are: 1) Reservation of seats for SC/ST and women 2) Term of Municipalities 3) Ward Committee 4) Disqualification 5) Metropolitan Planning committee
Municipal Corporation
Municipal Corporation are created for the administration’ of big cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata. They are established in the states by the acts of the concerned state legislature and in Union Territories by the acts of parliament of India. A municipal corporation has three authorities like – The council, standing committee and the commissioner. The corporation council consists of councillors directly elected by the people.
Corporation council is head by a mayor assisted by a deputy mayor. He is elected for a 1 year renewable term. The standing committee are created to facilitate the working of the corporation, which is large deals with taxation and finance.
Supply of pure water, construction and maintenance of Public streets, cleaning places, Public streets, sewers, Naming streets and numbering houses, lighting and watering of Public streets. Regulation of offensive, dangerous or obnoxious trades, Maintenance or support of Public hospitals, establishment of primary school are the following functions of Municipal Corporation.
Municipal Council
It is an Institution of local self Government in india. It is also known as Nagar palika. It is constituted in cities having population around 1 – 3 lakh. These are basically established for the administration of district level cities. The municipal Council is entrusted with the development related matters of Municipal Corporation areas and providing basic civic amenities. The services provided by the MC some of them are :
Construction, maintenance and cleaning of drains and drainage works and of public latrines, urinals. Supply water for public and private purposes. Scavenging, removal of garbage, survey of building and lands, maintenance and development of the value of all properties, maintenance of monuments and memorial vested in local authority etc.
Nagar panchayats
NP also known as notified area Council or city council helps in the transformation of rural and urban. It has a committee consisting of a chairman/mayor along with Ward members. The members are choosen via direct election and have a tenure of 5 years. Following are functions of Nagar panchayat such as essential services and facilities to the urban area, sanitation programme, street lighting and providing roads in wards and main roads, school in urban areas, water supply to wards of Urban areas, clean the drainage system, culverts for underground drainage system, programme for adult literacy and run city libraries and death & birth records.
Urbanization refers to moving rural population in urban areas. With the gradual growth of the economy, the process of urbanization depends on the shift of surplus population from rural to urban areas along with the growth of some industrialized urban centres.
People from isolated village started to move towards urbanized centres in search of job, established industries and other activities constantly offer job opportunities to those people migrating to cities.
Urbanization in india
In India, an increasing trends towards urbanization has been recorded from the very beginning of this era. The census data on the rural – urban mixture reveal a continuous rise in the rate of urbanization in india.
Causes of Rapid Urbanization in India
Expansion in government services as a result of the second World War.
Migration of people during the partition of India and Industrial Revolution.
Eleventh Five year Plan that aimed at urbanization for the economic development of India.
Growth of Private sector after 1990.
Infrastructure facilities in the urban areas.
Land fragmentation, village being erased due to roads and highway construction, dam construction and other activities.
Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood, but now it is not profitable due to several reasons such as drought low productivity. These situations are forcibly the people of rural areas to migrate towards cities.
Growth of employment in cities is attracting people from rural areas as well as smaller cities to large towns. According to Mckinsey India’s urban population will grow from 340 million in 2008 to 590 million in 2030.
Therefore, it is being driven by economic compulsions where people move out for economic advancement to areas offering better job opportunities.
Urban Local Government
The concept of local self Government is based on the assumption that there are certain basic human needs having direct bearing on the lives of the individual and the community as a whole. The Governance of an urban areas by the local people through their elected representative is called urban Governance. Urban local government in India was constitutionalised through the 74th constitutional Amendment Act of 1992. The Ministry at Central level dealt with urban local government such as Ministry of Urban development, Ministry of Defense in the case of cantonment Boards, Ministry of Home Affair in the case of Union Territories.
The Institution of Urban local Government originated and developed in modern India during the period of British rule. 1667 Municipal Corporation Madras, 1726, Municipal Corporation Bombay, Calcutta. 1870 Lord Mayo resolution on financial decentralization. 1882 Lord Rippon resolution, which is held as the Magna Carta of local Self Government. Rippon is remembered as father of local Self Government. 1919 Dyarchical scheme introduced in provinces.1924 Cantonments Act was passed and 1935 Provincial autonomy introduced.
73rd Amendment Act of 1992
The act has added part IX – A to the Constitution of India. It is entitled as the municipalities and consists of provision from Article 243P to 243G. This act added 12th schedule to the Constitution. Indian long history of Urban Municipal Governance was characterised by some structural infirmities & affected it’s performance. Municipal bodies we’re delegate limited powers with restricted autonomy.
The 74th act gave constitutional status to the municipalities which has brought under the preview of judicial part of the Constitution. The act aim at revitalizing and strong thing the urban Government so that they function effectively as units of self Government.
The members of municipality are directly elected by people of the area. The territorial constituency of municipality is known as wards. The state legislature determine the manner of election of chairperson and representation of knowledgeable person and member of parliament to municipality.
The salient features of the 74th Amendment Act are: 1) Reservation of seats for SC/ST and women 2) Term of Municipalities 3) Ward Committee 4) Disqualification 5) Metropolitan Planning committee
Municipal Corporation
Municipal Corporation are created for the administration’ of big cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata. They are established in the states by the acts of the concerned state legislature and in Union Territories by the acts of parliament of India. A municipal corporation has three authorities like – The council, standing committee and the commissioner. The corporation council consists of councillors directly elected by the people.
Corporation council is head by a mayor assisted by a deputy mayor. He is elected for a 1 year renewable term. The standing committee are created to facilitate the working of the corporation, which is large deals with taxation and finance.
Supply of pure water, construction and maintenance of Public streets, cleaning places, Public streets, sewers, Naming streets and numbering houses, lighting and watering of Public streets. Regulation of offensive, dangerous or obnoxious trades, Maintenance or support of Public hospitals, establishment of primary school are the following functions of Municipal Corporation.
Municipal Council
It is an Institution of local self Government in india. It is also known as Nagar palika. It is constituted in cities having population around 1 – 3 lakh. These are basically established for the administration of district level cities. The municipal Council is entrusted with the development related matters of Municipal Corporation areas and providing basic civic amenities. The services provided by the MC some of them are :
Construction, maintenance and cleaning of drains and drainage works and of public latrines, urinals. Supply water for public and private purposes. Scavenging, removal of garbage, survey of building and lands, maintenance and development of the value of all properties, maintenance of monuments and memorial vested in local authority etc.
Nagar panchayats
NP also known as notified area Council or city council helps in the transformation of rural and urban. It has a committee consisting of a chairman/mayor along with Ward members. The members are choosen via direct election and have a tenure of 5 years. Following are functions of Nagar panchayat such as essential services and facilities to the urban area, sanitation programme, street lighting and providing roads in wards and main roads, school in urban areas, water supply to wards of Urban areas, clean the drainage system, culverts for underground drainage system, programme for adult literacy and run city libraries and death & birth records.
Poverty is about a lack of money, but also about a lack of hope. People living in poverty often feel powerless to change their situation. They can feel isolated from their community. If you want to overcome poverty, you need a combination of financial planning, a positive attitude, and a willingness to ask for help.
The global economic system is built on the exploitation of the majority, mainly in the so called third world countries. The system needs cheap labourers to work as it does. Therefore, it does not allow too many poor to become wealthier simply because then they wouldn’t do the labour anymore. That would either mean reduced profits for the investors or increased prices up to the point where the normal people in the so called first world could not afford it anymore.
Stereotypes about how to get out of poverty have real consequences. Unfortunately, despite mountains of evidence, you may still have a hard time shaking the idea that the only thing standing between poor people and wealthy people is how hard they’ve worked and how much they wanted to succeed. Even more unfortunately, this belief – when held by voters and reinforced by lawmakers eager to please their constituents – has led to troubling and even dangerous policies that perpetuate the cycle of poverty.
Poverty is an intersectional issue We don’t often look at the ways that poverty intersects with the issues of marginalized groups, and instead, tend to treat it as a separate ailment. In reality, poverty is caused by much more than just a lack of jobs or expensive housing. For many communities, poverty is a by-product of other systemic issues. Poverty is a complex cycle of factors. One of the most important aspects of conceptualizing how poverty impacts people is to understand that it is more than just not having money. We often think of poverty as monetary status – someone doesn’t have money right now; thus, they are poor – rather than a cycle. Put more simply, poor people are just like not-poor people, except they have less money right now. But chronic poverty (the kind that impacts families and entire communities) is not the same as being broke, and it’s not the same as being low on funds before your parents deposit your rent money.
In economics, a poverty trap or cycle of poverty is caused by self-reinforcing mechanisms that cause poverty, once it exists, to persist unless there is outside intervention. It can persist across generations, and when applied to developing countries, is also known as a development trap. Families trapped in the cycle of poverty have few to no resources. There are many self-reinforcing disadvantages that make it virtually impossible for individuals to break the cycle. This occurs when poor people do not have the resources necessary to escape poverty, such as financial capital, education, or connections. Impoverished individuals do not have access to economic and social resources as a result of their poverty. This lack may increase their poverty. This could mean that the poor remain poor throughout their lives.
Controversial educational psychologist Ruby K. Payne, author of A Framework for Understanding Poverty, distinguishes between situational poverty, which can generally be traced to a specific incident within the lifetimes of the person or family members in poverty, and generational poverty, which is a cycle that passes from generation to generation, and goes on to argue that generational poverty has its own distinct culture and belief patterns
Factors maintaining personal poverty
Once poor, people can experience difficulty escaping poverty because many changes that would allow them to do so require money they don’t have, such as:
Education and retraining with new skills
Child care which would enable a single parent or second parent to work or take classes
Transportation to a distant job
Migration to an area with better economic opportunities
Starting a new business, which might require market research, technical assistance, and startup funding
Obtaining land for subsistence farming
Cure a health condition that prevents work, including diseases of poverty which don’t affect people outside of the “cycle of poverty”
This vicious cycle is harmful to those in poverty and those outside of it. Mainstream economic models think people are rational actors who weigh the costs and benefits of their options and choose the most advantageous path forward. If those in poverty know they’ll get no net benefit from working they’re incentivized to remain on government assistance. Of course, people works for many reasons including societal norms and personal values .but income is major incentive in pursuing new employment. When less people take on jobs the economy slows down keeping people in poverty and potentially pushing people in the cusp of poverty over the edge. Some of them suggest feedback loop could be removed by eliminating government assistance programmes all together. But most agree this solution is neither realistic nor humane. So how can we redesign benefits in a way that doesn’t penalize people for working? Many countries have tried different ways to circumvent this problem. Some allow people to continue receiving benefits after finding a job. Others faze out benefits gradually as income increases. These policies still removes financial incentive to work but the risk for welfare trap is lower. Other Gov. provide benefits like education, Child care or medical care, equally across all their citizens. One proposed solution takes this idea of universal benefits even further. Universal basic income would provide a fixed benefit all members of society regardless of wealth or employment status this is the only known policy that removes welfare trap since earned wages would supplement benefit rather than replace it. In fact creating a stable income floor which no one can call basic income might prevent people from falling into poverty in the first place. Numerous economists, thinkers have championed this idea. Eighteenth century. But for now universal basic income remains largely hypothetical. Although it’s been tried in some places on a limited scale these local experiments don’t tell us much about how the policy will play out across the entire nation or a plant. Whatever strategy government’s pursuit, solving the welfare trap requires respecting people’s agency and autonomy. Only by empowering individuals to create long term change in their lives and communities can we begin to break the cycle of poverty.
Poverty is about a lack of money, but also about a lack of hope. People living in poverty often feel powerless to change their situation. They can feel isolated from their community. If you want to overcome poverty, you need a combination of financial planning, a positive attitude, and a willingness to ask for help.
The global economic system is built on the exploitation of the majority, mainly in the so called third world countries. The system needs cheap labourers to work as it does. Therefore, it does not allow too many poor to become wealthier simply because then they wouldn’t do the labour anymore. That would either mean reduced profits for the investors or increased prices up to the point where the normal people in the so called first world could not afford it anymore.
Stereotypes about how to get out of poverty have real consequences. Unfortunately, despite mountains of evidence, you may still have a hard time shaking the idea that the only thing standing between poor people and wealthy people is how hard they’ve worked and how much they wanted to succeed. Even more unfortunately, this belief – when held by voters and reinforced by lawmakers eager to please their constituents – has led to troubling and even dangerous policies that perpetuate the cycle of poverty.
Poverty is an intersectional issue We don’t often look at the ways that poverty intersects with the issues of marginalized groups, and instead, tend to treat it as a separate ailment. In reality, poverty is caused by much more than just a lack of jobs or expensive housing. For many communities, poverty is a by-product of other systemic issues. Poverty is a complex cycle of factors. One of the most important aspects of conceptualizing how poverty impacts people is to understand that it is more than just not having money. We often think of poverty as monetary status – someone doesn’t have money right now; thus, they are poor – rather than a cycle. Put more simply, poor people are just like not-poor people, except they have less money right now. But chronic poverty (the kind that impacts families and entire communities) is not the same as being broke, and it’s not the same as being low on funds before your parents deposit your rent money.
In economics, a poverty trap or cycle of poverty is caused by self-reinforcing mechanisms that cause poverty, once it exists, to persist unless there is outside intervention. It can persist across generations, and when applied to developing countries, is also known as a development trap. Families trapped in the cycle of poverty have few to no resources. There are many self-reinforcing disadvantages that make it virtually impossible for individuals to break the cycle. This occurs when poor people do not have the resources necessary to escape poverty, such as financial capital, education, or connections. Impoverished individuals do not have access to economic and social resources as a result of their poverty. This lack may increase their poverty. This could mean that the poor remain poor throughout their lives.
Controversial educational psychologist Ruby K. Payne, author of A Framework for Understanding Poverty, distinguishes between situational poverty, which can generally be traced to a specific incident within the lifetimes of the person or family members in poverty, and generational poverty, which is a cycle that passes from generation to generation, and goes on to argue that generational poverty has its own distinct culture and belief patterns
Factors maintaining personal poverty
Once poor, people can experience difficulty escaping poverty because many changes that would allow them to do so require money they don’t have, such as:
Education and retraining with new skills
Child care which would enable a single parent or second parent to work or take classes
Transportation to a distant job
Migration to an area with better economic opportunities
Starting a new business, which might require market research, technical assistance, and startup funding
Obtaining land for subsistence farming
Cure a health condition that prevents work, including diseases of poverty which don’t affect people outside of the “cycle of poverty”
This vicious cycle is harmful to those in poverty and those outside of it. Mainstream economic models think people are rational actors who weigh the costs and benefits of their options and choose the most advantageous path forward. If those in poverty know they’ll get no net benefit from working they’re incentivized to remain on government assistance. Of course, people works for many reasons including societal norms and personal values .but income is major incentive in pursuing new employment. When less people take on jobs the economy slows down keeping people in poverty and potentially pushing people in the cusp of poverty over the edge. Some of them suggest feedback loop could be removed by eliminating government assistance programmes all together. But most agree this solution is neither realistic nor humane. So how can we redesign benefits in a way that doesn’t penalize people for working? Many countries have tried different ways to circumvent this problem. Some allow people to continue receiving benefits after finding a job. Others faze out benefits gradually as income increases. These policies still removes financial incentive to work but the risk for welfare trap is lower. Other Gov. provide benefits like education, Child care or medical care, equally across all their citizens. One proposed solution takes this idea of universal benefits even further. Universal basic income would provide a fixed benefit all members of society regardless of wealth or employment status this is the only known policy that removes welfare trap since earned wages would supplement benefit rather than replace it. In fact creating a stable income floor which no one can call basic income might prevent people from falling into poverty in the first place. Numerous economists, thinkers have championed this idea. Eighteenth century. But for now universal basic income remains largely hypothetical. Although it’s been tried in some places on a limited scale these local experiments don’t tell us much about how the policy will play out across the entire nation or a plant. Whatever strategy government’s pursuit, solving the welfare trap requires respecting people’s agency and autonomy. Only by empowering individuals to create long term change in their lives and communities can we begin to break the cycle of poverty.
We all are consumers in some way or the other. Even before we are born, we are consumers and this cycle completes only after our death. In this era of consumerism, it is extremely difficult for one to not be a consumer and being a consumer is something to be ashamed of.
Even though being a consumer is not bad, exploitation by consumer is something to worry about. Unlike a socialist economy in a capitalist world, the producers produce what the consumers demand. So, the responsibility vested with the consumer is rising day by day. When a consumer makes an irresponsible choice, he is encouraging the producer to be exploitative. Realising this power of consumers, a new term has originated, green consumer.
Who is a green consumer?
A green consumer is a person who makes a wise choice. They buy a product or avail a service after considering the environmental impact. They check the components of the product, the environmental effects of the product and such aspects in detail.
Economic, social, and cultural forces have set the framework for green consumerism. This is because it is a social attitude and movement in the modern era, especially aimed at encouraging people to be more aware of the firms’ production processes and only to buy or use products and services that do not harm the environment. For this reason, green consumerism has created a balance between the buyers’ behaviours and the organizations’ profit objectives as it mostly based on the sustainable and pro-environmental behaviour of consumers.
Why is it important to be a green consumer?
From second half of the twentieth century, world has started its efforts for environment conservation. Even though commerce and industries are one of the largest contributors to environment degradation, they were the last to act for environment protection. One such arena is green consumerism. In a world which spins on the axis of consumerism it is important for a consumer to make environment friendly choices. Also, there is shift in the mindset of the businesses from seller centric to consumer centric approach. Recognizing this immense power vested with them consumers could influence the market to produce environment friendly goods. Also, the fact that environment degradation could lead even to the extinction of humankind has opened the eyes of general public.
How to be a green consumer?
Use paraben free products.
Use cloth bags and don’t demand plastic carry bags.
Promote organic goods.
Avoid using synthetic materials that could harm the world
Avoid pollutants while choosing products.
Use recycled products.
Avoid the practice of use and throw.
Give importance to energy efficiency.
Practice modern methods of environment protection.
Shop according to the need.
Minimize paper usage
Check energy labels in daily utility products
Avoid using bottled water
Reduce electricity consumption
Reduce your carbon footprint
Check for environment friendly certification.
Ultimately change of mindset is the most significant factor in green consumerism. It requires people to avoid certain comforts and embrace the difficult but fruitful path. It is the duty of consumers to influence the producers to shift towards a greener path. The consumer is the king in the present scenario. They should use their power for the good of the world.
Let us all strive to act green for a better future. We should lead a sustainable living and preserve what inherited for the coming generations.
We all are consumers in some way or the other. Even before we are born, we are consumers and this cycle completes only after our death. In this era of consumerism, it is extremely difficult for one to not be a consumer and being a consumer is something to be ashamed of.
Even though being a consumer is not bad, exploitation by consumer is something to worry about. Unlike a socialist economy in a capitalist world, the producers produce what the consumers demand. So, the responsibility vested with the consumer is rising day by day. When a consumer makes an irresponsible choice, he is encouraging the producer to be exploitative. Realising this power of consumers, a new term has originated, green consumer.
Who is a green consumer?
A green consumer is a person who makes a wise choice. They buy a product or avail a service after considering the environmental impact. They check the components of the product, the environmental effects of the product and such aspects in detail.
Economic, social, and cultural forces have set the framework for green consumerism. This is because it is a social attitude and movement in the modern era, especially aimed at encouraging people to be more aware of the firms’ production processes and only to buy or use products and services that do not harm the environment. For this reason, green consumerism has created a balance between the buyers’ behaviours and the organizations’ profit objectives as it mostly based on the sustainable and pro-environmental behaviour of consumers.
Why is it important to be a green consumer?
From second half of the twentieth century, world has started its efforts for environment conservation. Even though commerce and industries are one of the largest contributors to environment degradation, they were the last to act for environment protection. One such arena is green consumerism. In a world which spins on the axis of consumerism it is important for a consumer to make environment friendly choices. Also, there is shift in the mindset of the businesses from seller centric to consumer centric approach. Recognizing this immense power vested with them consumers could influence the market to produce environment friendly goods. Also, the fact that environment degradation could lead even to the extinction of humankind has opened the eyes of general public.
How to be a green consumer?
Use paraben free products.
Use cloth bags and don’t demand plastic carry bags.
Promote organic goods.
Avoid using synthetic materials that could harm the world
Avoid pollutants while choosing products.
Use recycled products.
Avoid the practice of use and throw.
Give importance to energy efficiency.
Practice modern methods of environment protection.
Shop according to the need.
Minimize paper usage
Check energy labels in daily utility products
Avoid using bottled water
Reduce electricity consumption
Reduce your carbon footprint
Check for environment friendly certification.
Ultimately change of mindset is the most significant factor in green consumerism. It requires people to avoid certain comforts and embrace the difficult but fruitful path. It is the duty of consumers to influence the producers to shift towards a greener path. The consumer is the king in the present scenario. They should use their power for the good of the world.
Let us all strive to act green for a better future. We should lead a sustainable living and preserve what inherited for the coming generations.
Jadav Peyang from Jorhat district in Assam was given the title of “The Forest Man” in Delhi by government of Indian on World Earth Day in 2010 for turning a barren land of 550 acres into a forest all by himself. It took him nearly 30 years to accomplish the task. It is officially called as Molai Forest. The locals call it “Molai” as a tribute to Jadav who used to be a fair child with pink cheeks, thus resembling a Mola(raddish in local language). At the age of 16, Jadav Payeng had experienced that a large number of snakes died due to excessive heat after floods washed them onto the sandbar. He then planted around 20 bamboo seedlings on the sandbar of the Brahmaputra river.
He started working in the forest from 1979 when the Social Forestry division of Assam’s Golaghat district had launched a scheme of tree plantation on 200 hectares of land at Aruna Chapori, situated about five kilometres from Kokilamukh in Jorhat district. He was one of the labourers of the project which was completed after five years. Jadav has a simple solution to the global problem of depleting forest cover: teach our children to love Nature. “The rest will happen on its own,” he feels. According to wildlife experts, the forest atrracts around world’s 80% migratory birds.Jadav’s story also inspired a children’s book, Jadav and the Tree Place, that tells his story of how he made a forest that is now home to wild animals. He has been the subject of award-winning documentaries and now people travel across the globe to see the Molai forest. His inspirational story is also being taught in ecology classes at schools across the United States.
Jadav Peyang from Jorhat district in Assam was given the title of “The Forest Man” in Delhi by government of Indian on World Earth Day in 2010 for turning a barren land of 550 acres into a forest all by himself. It took him nearly 30 years to accomplish the task. It is officially called as Molai Forest. The locals call it “Molai” as a tribute to Jadav who used to be a fair child with pink cheeks, thus resembling a Mola(raddish in local language). At the age of 16, Jadav Payeng had experienced that a large number of snakes died due to excessive heat after floods washed them onto the sandbar. He then planted around 20 bamboo seedlings on the sandbar of the Brahmaputra river.
He started working in the forest from 1979 when the Social Forestry division of Assam’s Golaghat district had launched a scheme of tree plantation on 200 hectares of land at Aruna Chapori, situated about five kilometres from Kokilamukh in Jorhat district. He was one of the labourers of the project which was completed after five years. Jadav has a simple solution to the global problem of depleting forest cover: teach our children to love Nature. “The rest will happen on its own,” he feels. According to wildlife experts, the forest atrracts around world’s 80% migratory birds.Jadav’s story also inspired a children’s book, Jadav and the Tree Place, that tells his story of how he made a forest that is now home to wild animals. He has been the subject of award-winning documentaries and now people travel across the globe to see the Molai forest. His inspirational story is also being taught in ecology classes at schools across the United States.
With the temperature gradually rising, it is very important to keep ourselves hydrated at all times. Due to dehydrating summer, the body loses water and henceforth we must replenish our body with vital nutrients. Here are a list of 5 summer fruits we can consume to keep our body cool –
1) Watermelon
Watermelons are mostly made up of water and contains electrolytes that helps in dehydration. Further, they are also rich sources of Vitamin A and are good for the eye muscles.
2) Papaya Papaya has multiple uses. It contaims an enzyme names “Papain” which helps in digestion. Further, it is also rich source of potassium that strengthens our immune system. Papaya can also be applied externally for healthy and glowing skin. It reduces tan and helps with sunburn.
3) Citrus Fruits
Citrus fruits like oranges, mosambi and lemons are rich sources of Vitamin C that helps with collagen production for healthier skin and hair. They also have antioxidants and flavonoids that are good for healing peptic ulcers and boosts our immune system. Fruit juices are an excellent alternative ti carbonated beverages and will keep our body cool and restore all the essential vitamins and minerals.
4) Cucumber Cucumbers contains 95 percent water and are very hydrating. They contain fibre and helps with digestion and constipation. The anti flammatory properties help in flushing out toxins from our body. When outdoors and water is hard to obtain, one can eat a cucumber to restore the water defeciency.
5) Plums Plums are packed with nutrients. They keep our heart healthy my maintaining blood pressure levels. Further, they are rich in dietary fibre and helps with constipation and other digestive problems as well.
With the temperature gradually rising, it is very important to keep ourselves hydrated at all times. Due to dehydrating summer, the body loses water and henceforth we must replenish our body with vital nutrients. Here are a list of 5 summer fruits we can consume to keep our body cool –
1) Watermelon
Watermelons are mostly made up of water and contains electrolytes that helps in dehydration. Further, they are also rich sources of Vitamin A and are good for the eye muscles.
2) Papaya Papaya has multiple uses. It contaims an enzyme names “Papain” which helps in digestion. Further, it is also rich source of potassium that strengthens our immune system. Papaya can also be applied externally for healthy and glowing skin. It reduces tan and helps with sunburn.
3) Citrus Fruits
Citrus fruits like oranges, mosambi and lemons are rich sources of Vitamin C that helps with collagen production for healthier skin and hair. They also have antioxidants and flavonoids that are good for healing peptic ulcers and boosts our immune system. Fruit juices are an excellent alternative ti carbonated beverages and will keep our body cool and restore all the essential vitamins and minerals.
4) Cucumber Cucumbers contains 95 percent water and are very hydrating. They contain fibre and helps with digestion and constipation. The anti flammatory properties help in flushing out toxins from our body. When outdoors and water is hard to obtain, one can eat a cucumber to restore the water defeciency.
5) Plums Plums are packed with nutrients. They keep our heart healthy my maintaining blood pressure levels. Further, they are rich in dietary fibre and helps with constipation and other digestive problems as well.
You might have seen and heard on TV news are read papers about foreigner looking to India for surgeries liver transplant dental and even cosmetic care. Why? Because our health services combined the latest medicinal Technologies with qualified professional and are cheaper for foreigners as compared to cost of similar Healthcare services in their own countries. In 2016, as many as 200000 foreigners visited India for medical treatment. Speaker is likely to increase by 15% each year. Expect that by 2020 India could earn more than 500 billion rupees research medical tourism. Health infrastructure can be upgraded to attract more foreigners to India.
India in the recent years has emerged as a major hub for medical tourism and is now considered amongst the top 6 medical value travel destinations in the world. Foreign tourism arrivals for medical purposes have increased from 1,39,447 in 2014 to 4,95,056 in 2017. Some of the factors which make India a compelling destination for medical travel are reputed health care professionals and hospitals, English speaking health care workers, cutting edge global technology, personalized service, lower cost, lesser waiting time and rich cultural and leisure destinations.
The potential of wellness systems, developed through centuries of wisdom of this ancient civilization would be fully tapped. This is being done by positioning India as a centre of Ayurveda, Yoga, Sidha, Naturopathy, etc. together with the spiritual philosophy that has been integral to the Indian way of life. Ministry of Tourism has drafted guideline for wellness tourism. These guidelines address issues regarding making available quality publicity material, training and capacity building for the service providers, participation in international & domestic Wellness related events, etc.
Mushrooming of wellness centres in the country has given rise to the concern for quality service. The Guideline for Accreditation of wellness centres have been developed by National Board for Accreditation of Hospitals & Healthcare Services (NABH) in consultation with AYUSH and released during the workshop on wellness tourism organized by Ministry of Tourism on 15 Feb 2011. The Ministry of Tourism has also extended its Market Development Assistance (MDA) scheme to wellness tourism service providers including accredited wellness centres. Presently the wellness centres accredited by State Tourism Departments are also eligible for the MDA. After the accreditation guidelines of NABH is in place, all wellness centres seeking MDA would be asked to be as close to the accreditation guidelines of NABH as possible.
The initiative of accreditation of wellness centre by NABH and AYUSH has been greatly driven be the Ministry of Tourism as also consultation with the Wellness Tourism Service Providers, State Governments and other stakeholders.
MEDICAL TOURISM
Medical tourism (also called medical travel, health tourism or global healthcare) is a term used to describe the rapidly-growing practice of travelling across international borders to seek healthcare services. Services typically sought by travellers include elective procedures as well as complex surgeries, etc.
India has emerged as the fastest-growing medical destination around the world and is expected to grow more with time. Anyone from any nation can get their medical treatment done in the country at an affordable cost. Several medical tourism companies in India are readily available to help out the patient from across the world. India holds advantage as a medical tourism destination due to following factors:
Most of the doctors and surgeons at Indian hospitals are trained or have worked at some of the medical institutions in the US, Europe, or other developed nations.
Most doctors and nurses are fluent in English.
Top -of-the-line medical and diagnostic equipment from global international conglomerates is available at many Indian hospitals.
Indian nurses are among the best in the world. Nearly 1000 recognized nurses-training centres in India, mostly attached to teaching hospitals, graduate nearly 10,000 nurses annually.
Even the most budget-conscious traveller can afford first-rate service and luxury amenities
Lower cost of treatment when compared to the other developed countries
Getting a visa for medical treatment in India is easier
The patients can get access to immediate service
India provides the world-class and standardized medical facility with the help of latest technology
The patients can receive post-treatment recovery with therapies like Ayurveda, yoga, and naturopathy
The patience taking the medical tourist trip can visit some of the most alluring and inspiring places in India
The nation is full of qualified and skilled doctors in various fields
Getting medical treatment in India was never so easy. With an increase in the demand for medical treatment, there is an increase in the medical tourism companies in India, who are there to provide the patients with the best and affordable medical tourism in India.
You might have seen and heard on TV news are read papers about foreigner looking to India for surgeries liver transplant dental and even cosmetic care. Why? Because our health services combined the latest medicinal Technologies with qualified professional and are cheaper for foreigners as compared to cost of similar Healthcare services in their own countries. In 2016, as many as 200000 foreigners visited India for medical treatment. Speaker is likely to increase by 15% each year. Expect that by 2020 India could earn more than 500 billion rupees research medical tourism. Health infrastructure can be upgraded to attract more foreigners to India.
India in the recent years has emerged as a major hub for medical tourism and is now considered amongst the top 6 medical value travel destinations in the world. Foreign tourism arrivals for medical purposes have increased from 1,39,447 in 2014 to 4,95,056 in 2017. Some of the factors which make India a compelling destination for medical travel are reputed health care professionals and hospitals, English speaking health care workers, cutting edge global technology, personalized service, lower cost, lesser waiting time and rich cultural and leisure destinations.
The potential of wellness systems, developed through centuries of wisdom of this ancient civilization would be fully tapped. This is being done by positioning India as a centre of Ayurveda, Yoga, Sidha, Naturopathy, etc. together with the spiritual philosophy that has been integral to the Indian way of life. Ministry of Tourism has drafted guideline for wellness tourism. These guidelines address issues regarding making available quality publicity material, training and capacity building for the service providers, participation in international & domestic Wellness related events, etc.
Mushrooming of wellness centres in the country has given rise to the concern for quality service. The Guideline for Accreditation of wellness centres have been developed by National Board for Accreditation of Hospitals & Healthcare Services (NABH) in consultation with AYUSH and released during the workshop on wellness tourism organized by Ministry of Tourism on 15 Feb 2011. The Ministry of Tourism has also extended its Market Development Assistance (MDA) scheme to wellness tourism service providers including accredited wellness centres. Presently the wellness centres accredited by State Tourism Departments are also eligible for the MDA. After the accreditation guidelines of NABH is in place, all wellness centres seeking MDA would be asked to be as close to the accreditation guidelines of NABH as possible.
The initiative of accreditation of wellness centre by NABH and AYUSH has been greatly driven be the Ministry of Tourism as also consultation with the Wellness Tourism Service Providers, State Governments and other stakeholders.
MEDICAL TOURISM
Medical tourism (also called medical travel, health tourism or global healthcare) is a term used to describe the rapidly-growing practice of travelling across international borders to seek healthcare services. Services typically sought by travellers include elective procedures as well as complex surgeries, etc.
India has emerged as the fastest-growing medical destination around the world and is expected to grow more with time. Anyone from any nation can get their medical treatment done in the country at an affordable cost. Several medical tourism companies in India are readily available to help out the patient from across the world. India holds advantage as a medical tourism destination due to following factors:
Most of the doctors and surgeons at Indian hospitals are trained or have worked at some of the medical institutions in the US, Europe, or other developed nations.
Most doctors and nurses are fluent in English.
Top -of-the-line medical and diagnostic equipment from global international conglomerates is available at many Indian hospitals.
Indian nurses are among the best in the world. Nearly 1000 recognized nurses-training centres in India, mostly attached to teaching hospitals, graduate nearly 10,000 nurses annually.
Even the most budget-conscious traveller can afford first-rate service and luxury amenities
Lower cost of treatment when compared to the other developed countries
Getting a visa for medical treatment in India is easier
The patients can get access to immediate service
India provides the world-class and standardized medical facility with the help of latest technology
The patients can receive post-treatment recovery with therapies like Ayurveda, yoga, and naturopathy
The patience taking the medical tourist trip can visit some of the most alluring and inspiring places in India
The nation is full of qualified and skilled doctors in various fields
Getting medical treatment in India was never so easy. With an increase in the demand for medical treatment, there is an increase in the medical tourism companies in India, who are there to provide the patients with the best and affordable medical tourism in India.
Nationalism always been most forgettable ideology. Nationalism seeks to pressure & foster a nation’s traditional culture. Nationalism dominant the loyalty and devotion towards nation. It aims to build and maintain a single National identity based on shared social characteristics of culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics, religion traditions and belief in a shared singular history to promote National unity or solidarity.
The moral value of nationalism the relationship between nationalism patriotism and the compatibility of nationalism and cosmopolitanism are all subjects of philosophical labels. Nationalism can be combined with diverse Political goals & ideologies such as conservatism (Right Wing) or socialism (Left Wing). Nationalism is seen as positive or negative depending on it’s actions and outcomes.
Scholars frequently place thebeginning of nationalism in late 18th century or early 19th century with American declaration of Independence or with the French Revolution. Nationalism as a concept was firmly established by 19th century. The template of nationalism, as a method for mobilising Public opinion around new state based on popular sovereignty, Due to Industrial Revolution there was an emergence of an integrated, nation encompassing economy & National Public sphere, where the people began to identify with the country at large, rather than the smaller units of their provinces, town or family.
Union Jack was adopted in 1801 as the rational one. The political development of nationalism and the push for popular sovereignty culminated with the ethnic/ national revolution of Europe. It has also been used to legitimate racial, ethnic and religious divisions, suppress or attack minorities and undermine human rights and democratic tradition. Radical nationalism combined with racial hatred was a key factor in the Holocaust perpetrated by Nazi Germany. In 1749, Thomas Arne composed the patriotic song “Rule Britannia”!. Cartoonist John Arbuthnot invented the character of John Bull as the personification of the English national spirit in 1712.
Imposing the idea of one language in 1772 through his “ Treatise on the origin of language” focusing on the role of common language the instance observe in modern politics. He attached exceptional importance to the concepts of nationality and of patriotism.
Sociological or modernist interpretation of nationalism & nation building argues that nationalism arises and flourishes in modern societies that an industrial economy capable of self sustainability, a central supreme authority capable of maintaining authority and unity, few prominent figures developed the modernist interpretation of nation and nationalism include: Carlton J H Hayes, Rabindranath Tagore, Emile Durkheim, Max weber, Talcott Parsons, Arnold Joseph Toynbee.
Now, think about it, how preferable to have nationalism as development ideology that emphasis on destroying the diversity; diversity that intact the entire nation in oneness without holding on discrimination. If people understand each other with different culture & religion the world will become the better place to live; politicians will not take advantage & will not turn up entire region in war.
Conflict will resolve quickly if sit & have table talk. Far – Right leader Marine Le Pen in France emerging as second highest vote collector candidate belongs to National Rally Party. National Rally believes in strong French centric ideology same as Trump reign during his tenure like “ Make America great again” to have strong immigration policy and secure the American individual identity . VÖLKISH MOVEMENT (Body of people) – German ethno nationalist movement from late 19th century through to Nazi Era impose the “blood and soil”.
However, It is difficult to amaze the world with far right nationalism as we have example of Vietnam War reaction when people saw the images from Vietnam War people protested against the government, Movements like Black life matters, Protest against CAA.
So, Now what should be the real meaning of Nationalism – Simple we believe in democracy and diversity (ironically scrapped from new CBSE syllabus) when we embrace the different culture. Encouraging tolerance for people of different cultural and racial background. When we send off ethnic & racial difference, religion, socio – economic background, intelligence. So whatever movies are mentioned here are based on true meaning of Nationalism. These movies asking question from Society in terms of socio – economic difference, war, racial discrimination, gender biases if you concern about these matter then you are real nationalist and kind of facets of society that Government wants us that we must not talk about these situations.
Movies Like: –
1)Never look away – Werk ohne Autor
2)Dr. Strangelove: Or How I learned to stop worrying and love the bomb
3)Full metal jacket
4)The lives of others – Das Leben Der Anderen
5)Ardh Satya
6)Mathilukal
7)Shyam benegal’ s films
8)Apu Trilogy
9)Bimal Roy’s films
These above mentioned movies list here in this article because of their Challenging Attitude towards for bringing something better for disadvantaged groups. More Can include in it with time and how we will evolve.
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