Importance of Earth Geography:-

Earth is splendid terrestrial haven. It is imperative to know physical geography through its display of environmental diversity. In scientific studies, it is established that Geography is a word that originated from two Greek roots. Geo-denotes to “Earth,” and graphy stands for “picture or writing.” Geography is the study of earth as the home of present day human being (Sagmit, 1998).The main objective of geography is the assessment, and explanation of Earth, its variability from place to place, the way places and features transform over time, and the processes responsible for these variations and changes. Geography is termed as the spatial science because it incorporates recognizing, analysing, and explaining the variations, similarities, or differences in phenomena situated on the surface of Earth. Geography is unique among the sciences by virtue of its characterization and central purpose. It describes the values and attitudes towards environment and sharpen intellectual and practice skill.

Earth’s structure is divided into three zones that include crust, Mantle and core. Crust is the solid outer layer of the Earth, and its depth is usually never more than 1 per cent of the Earth’s radius, or averaging 40–50 km, but this varies significantly around the sphere. These are two different types: oceanic and continental. Mantle is the region within the Earth’s interior that range from 25 to 70 km below the surface, to a depth of ~2,900 km. It is composed mainly of silicate rocks, rich in iron and magnesium. At the base of the mantle, temperatures may reach up to 5,000°C. These high temperatures may help to generate convection currents which drive plate tectonics. Core is the very centre of the Earth and is composed of iron and nickel. It consists of an outer core (semi-molten) and inner core (solid). The temperature at the very centre of the Earth (~6,300 km below surface) may reach 5,500°C.

Geographic knowledge and studies often start with locational information. The location of a feature usually uses one of two methods: such as absolute location, which is articulated by a coordinate system (or address), or relative location, which recognizes where a feature exists in relation to something else, usually a fairly well-known location.

Physical geographers are more concerned in exploring the environmental features and processes that merge to make a place unique, and they are also involved in the shared characteristics between places. Another feature of the characteristics of places is analysing the environmental benefits and challenges that exist in a place. When there is a need to know how features are arranged in space, geographers are generally engrossed in two spatial factors. Spatial distribution means the extent of the area or areas where a feature exists. Spatial pattern denotes to the arrangement of features in space that are regular or random, clustered together or broadly spaced.

 Globalization has virtually diminished the distances and connected the whole world. Read here to know the effect of globalization on Indian society.

Globalization is a term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world a more connected and interdependent place. Globalization also captures in its scope the economic and social changes that have come about as a result.

In today’s world, consumers have a wide choice of goods and services before them. The latest models of digital cameras, mobile phones, and televisions made by the leading manufacturers of the world are within the reach. Every season, new models of automobiles can be seen on Indian roads. Gone are the days when Ambassador and Fiat were the only cars on Indian roads.

Today, Indians are buying cars produced by nearly all the top companies in the world. A similar explosion of brands can be seen for many other goods: from shirts to televisions to processed fruit juices. Such a wide-ranging choice of goods in our markets is a relatively recent phenomenon.

One wouldn’t have found such a wide variety of goods in Indian markets two decades back. In a matter of years, our markets have been transformed! How do we understand these rapid transformations? What are the factors that brought about these changes? And, how did these changes affect the lives of the people? The answer to all these questions starts with ‘globalization’.

 Economics is the study and understanding of the economy such as the governmental system, money marketing, trades such as production and financial market. The traditional economic system is based on customs, beliefs, and ways that people have been doing things for century’s. when the government has control over the aspect over the production and makes all the decisions and ways to control the economy. With the market of the economic system an individual owns the production and they will make economic decisions through free communications and this will keep the government from interfering in their production.

There is no laboratory in economic the theory is based on past history experiences. There are many assumptions in economics it just has to be made easier to understand in this complex world we live in and there are many assumptions that are used when answering questions in studying the effects of short-run or long-run. Diagrams and equations show many details and allows us to see thing that are important.

Economic Inequality undermines the productivity and morale of working people, and limit the number of people who could participate in the market and thus a country deprives itself of the contributions the lower section of its society could make to its economic development.

 Sociology :-

Sociology as a science and particularly as a separate field of study is of recent origin. It is the youngest of the social sciences. August Comte, the father of sociology, first of conceived the word ‘sociology’ in, 1839. He had intended to name the new science social physics, but he rejected this term after a Belgian scholar, Adolphe Quetelet, began to make statistical studies of society and to call his area of Endeavour social physics.

The word sociology is a barbaric combination of Latin word ‘socius’ and Greek word Logus, Logus connotes study on a high level and socius points to society. Thus, etymologically, sociology means the study of society on a highly generalised or abstract level. In other words, the etymological meaning of sociology is the ‘science of society’.

In a primary way, society may be defined as men or human beings in interdependence. Men in interdependence therefore may be taken as the subject matter of sociology. Other sciences study men as individuals or as collections of individuals but do not study their interdependence.

Sociology is the science of society as a whole. No other social science endeavours to study society in totality. Social sciences like history, economics, political science, anthropology, psychology etc. deal with particular aspect of society. Political science deals with political institutions and political activities.

History deals with unique events relating to past. Economic is concerned with activities relating to production and consumption. These social sciences do not give a complete picture of the society. Sociology on the other hand, studies society in its entirety.

It essentially and fundamentally deals with that network of social relationships we call society. Science has been defined as a body of knowledge. Sociology is also a body of knowledge about society. Sociology as science of society refers to a body of knowledge about society which has been empirically tested. Society may be defined as the complicated network and ever-changing pattern of social relationships. Sociology is the science of society, thus defined.

Sociology has been defined in number of ways by different scholars. There are as many definitions of sociology as there are sociologists. To understand more fully what sociology is about some of its definitions may be cited as follows:

In 1839, Comte defined sociology as the science of human association or the study of gregarious life. In 1851, he attempted to give more flesh and blood to the said definition in his work System of Positive Politics. He conceived of sociology as an abstract theoretical science of social phenomena. According to him it is the business of sociology to discover and abstract social laws and thereby to explain the social phenomena

 Mathematics is one of the common subjects that we study since our childhood. It is generally used in our daily life. Every person needs to learn some basics of it. Even counting money also includes math. Every work is linked with math in some way or the other. A person who does math is called a Mathematician.

Mathematics can be divided into two parts. The first is Pure mathematics, and the second is Applied mathematics. In Pure mathematics, we need to study the basic concept and structures of mathematics. But, on the other side, Applied mathematics involves the application of mathematics to solve problems that arise in various areas,(e.g.), science, engineering, and so on.

One couldn’t imagine the world without math. Math makes our life systematic, and every invention involves math. No matter what action a person is doing, he should know some basic maths. Every profession involves maths. Our present-day world runs on computers, and even computer runs with the help of maths. Every development that happens requires math.

Mathematics has a wide range of applications in our daily life. Maths generally deals with numbers. There are various topics in math, such as trigonometry; integration; differentiation, etc. All the subjects such as physics; chemistry; economy; commerce involve maths in some way or the other. Math is also used to find the relation between two numbers, and math is considered to be one of the most challenging subjects to learn. Math includes various numbers, and many symbols are used to show the relation between two different numbers.

Math is complicated to learn, and one needs to focus and concentrate more. Math is logical sometimes, and the logic needs to be derived out. Maths make our life easier and more straightforward. Math is considered to be challenging because it consists of many formulas that have to be learned, and many symbols and each symbol generally has its significance.

 chemistry :-

Chemistry is an important branch of science. Chemistry deals with the matter that form our environment and the transformation that the matter undergoes. Chemistry is connected with composition, structure and properties of the matter. In fact it is a science of atoms and molecules. Organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, industrial chemistry and biochemistry are various branches of chemistry. Chemistry deals with compounds of atoms and their properties. Chemistry is concerned with studying the new compounds. When taking chemistry you have to learn the elements because they are a big part in chemistry.

Chemistry is considered to have become an established science with the work of Antoine Lavoisier, who developed a law of conservation of mass that demanded careful measurement and quantitative observations of chemical phenomena. Chemistry is important because it helps exploring things which are unknown to mankind. Chemistry is important because it explains the future behavior of plants and animals and all of us use chemicals directly or indirectly in our daily lives. Chemistry is also important to the environment. When aware of the harmful effects of the gases like carbon dioxide and methane as a result of the greenhouse effect, you can easily carve out the solutions for the reduction of its effects on the environment. Chemistry is understood as a complicated and a boring science subject, but chemistry is solely responsible in explaining the world you live in, apart from explaining cooking, cleaning, medicine and environment issues; chemistry is in essence the study of everything.

 We are living in the century of science and technology and introduction of science in our daily has transformed our lives. When people had no idea about science, even then their lives were governed by principles of different branches of science. When we light a fire, it is a chemical process; when we eat and digest food, it is biological process; when we walk on Erath, it is governed by laws of physics; when an Earthquake occurs, it’s a seismic activity; when we talk about different terrains and gems of Earth surface, it is related to Geology. There is no single activity of our lives, which define our one or other field of science. Similarly, physics governs our everyday lives and is involved in a number of activities we perform and things we use in our daily life.

Physics is considered natural science because it deals with the things like matter, force, energy and motion. As these all are related to task related to everyday life, so, we can say that physics studies how the universe works, how Earth Moves around the sun, how lightening strikes, how our refrigerator works and many more. In short, physics define how everything works around us. When cannot separate anything from science and, our world cannot disconnect itself from the wonders of Physics. When we look around us, we can see a number of things that work on the principles of Physics. We can explain our several activities by making use of the knowledge of Physics.

A number of principles of physics are involved in simple act of walking. It involves concepts of weight, Newton’s three laws of inertia, friction, gravitational law and potential and kinetic energy. When we walk, we actually act like an inverted pendulum. When we put the foot on ground, it becomes our axis and our mass is centered in our abdomen, describing the shape of an arc. When we set foot on ground, we actually put weight i.e w=mg and apply backward force on ground, as the response to our weight, ground responds by an opposing force which is vertical in nature, on leg which slows us down and this slowing process continues unless our leg comes nearest to our tummy. When leg is moving, kinetic energy is at maximum and potential energy is zero, but, when leg reaches nearest to belly or arc, potential energy reaches to its maximum. When another step is taken, the stored potential energy is converted to kinetic energy and this process continues. We act as an imperfect pendulum, because all potential energy is not converted into kinetic energy. Only 65 percent of energy is provided by stored potential energy to take next step, remaining 35 percent is provided by bio chemical processes.

Modern Kabaddi is known for its catchy catchphrase “Le Panga” and its frantic speed. However, when asked, the majority of us would have little idea of its early years. Let me first describe where Kabaddi is played today in terms of geography. 

It has established a footprint across the whole Indian subcontinent. Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu all play it as their state sport. It is Bangladesh’s national sport. Iran has most lately become a part of the intense game. The origin of Kabaddi is a topic of ongoing debate, however, there are two main hypotheses.

The Sistan region, which is now a part of contemporary Iran, or the Tamil region of ancient India, according to these ideas, is where the game of Kabaddi is thought to have first been invented. The first theory’s proponents assert that the ancient Tamil region, which primarily consists of Tamil Nadu and southern states, is where the game of Kabaddi originated. Through their sea trade, the Tamil empire brought this game to Southeast Asia. According to legend, the Tamil term “Kai-Pidi,” which means “to hold hands,” is where the word “Kabaddi” originated.

According to the game’s history, Gautam Buddha and Lord Krishna both participated in the game as children. In addition, the Mahabharata describes Arjuna’s ability to enter a room covertly, eliminate adversaries, and emerge unscathed—a skill that is fundamental to the Kabaddi game.

Circle Style Kabaddi and Standard Style Kabaddi are the two formats in which the game is played. Circle Style Kabaddi is primarily played in the states of Haryana and Punjab, whereas Standard Style Kabaddi is acknowledged and appreciated all over the world. Standard-style Kabaddi is played in every international competition. Traditionally, a court of 10 meters by 13 meters is divided into two teams of seven players each. There are 5 players on each team that is retained in reserve.

The fundamental guidelines for playing Kabaddi were formally established even before the Kabaddi Federation of India (KFI) was established in 1950. The Kabaddi World Cup, Asian Games, Asian Kabaddi Championship, and Kabaddi Masters are the most prestigious international competitions. It’s a fairly easy game to learn and play, and it costs very little and doesn’t require any special equipment or a large playing area.

The Pro Kabaddi League has helped Kabaddi rediscover its

It currently includes twelve teams from various states in the nation. The new season, which will include twelve teams competing for the ultimate championship, will start on December 22. It is anticipated to be the largest one yet. Every year, as technology advances, followers of all ages are drawn to the game’s allure. The athletes and teams have won a number of titles thanks to their incredibly impressive performances. With their tackling strategies and raids, players like Manjeet Chillar, Rahul Chaudhary, Pardeep Narwal, and Deepak Hooda captivate us.

 Land reform refers to efforts to reform the ownership and regulation of land in India. we can also say that those lands which are redistributed by the government from landholders to landless people for agriculture or special purpose is known as land reform.

The land reforms is an integral part of the scheme of agricultural development and rural reconstruction since the inception of the economic planning in the country.

Some of the most important objectives of land reforms in India are as follows:-

1)Rational use of resources – It can be done by changing the conditions of holdings, ceilings on land holdings. This helps cultivation process in a most economical manner without any wastage of land, labour and capital.

2)Raising Production level – Raise the production level of the agricultural sector by motivating the farmers to raise their output.

3)Removal of Exploitation – This can be attained by redistributing agricultural land in favour of less privileged class of farmers and also by improving the terms and conditions for possessing land for cultivation by actual tillers and abolition of intermediaries.

4)Raising the standard of living – To raise the standard of living of the rural poor through re-distributive packages and programmes.

5)Social Welfare – Promoting social welfare for rural masses and also to end social injustice through equitable distribution of income.