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What is Dogecoin? – Bitcoin vs Dogecoin (Meme Coins)

 Hello, friends! You already know about the rupee coin and Bitcoin But there’s a new coin that’s globally famous now. It’s called the Dogecoin. The value of our rupee is based on our currency. And Bitcoin is based on Blockchain that promises to revolutionize the monetary systems around the world. 

But this Dogecoin is based on a meme. Literally! This coin was made in jest. Someone took the Doge meme, this meme of the dog was quite famous at some point and made a coin out of it. It’s like someone taking the “Pawri ho rahi hai” meme and turning it into a “Pawri coin”. Or this meme of Akshay Kumar being made into “Akki coin”. It’s quite possible.

 Someone may very well make these Pawri coin and Akki coin. Because cryptocurrency is so decentralised that any person can develop their own coin. They’d need basic coding knowledge to do that. But the thing is that this Dogecoin became so famous that people like Elon Musk started buying it and promoting it. Why did it happen? Come let’s find out in today’s video on Dogecoin.

 After the popularity of Bitcoin, several people brought up its disadvantages. Like, the long transaction time of Bitcoin. Or that the whole process of Bitcoin consumes a lot of energy. And that’s not good for the environment. That’s why some people considered making their own coins. These coins are known as Alt-Coins. i.e. Alternative Coins. Because they’re the alternative to Bitcoin.

 And they try to counter the disadvantages of Bitcoin. By some method or the other. Like Ethereum, Litecoin, I talked about them in the Alt-Coins video. You can watch them as well. The link will be in the description below. But after Alt-Coins had been developed, people realized that anyone can create their own coins. So some people started creating their own coins for fun.

 There were no advantages in their coins as compared to Bitcoins. They simply changed the name and created a new coin. Some scammers made their own coins as well. And fooled people to invest in their coins to drive the value of the coin After which the scammer would take back his investment and the people will suffer heavy losses while the scammer would walk away with a significant profit.

 This is known as a Pump and Dump scheme. So many people created their coins for fun. Some for scamming people others for absolutely no reason. It was only meant as a joke. These coins which were created for no reason they are often known as Shitcoins. Because they do not add any value to the world. They aren’t bringing about any improvement in the process. So they’re Shitcoins. 

Some people believe that Dogecoin is also a Shitcoin. The only difference is that the purpose of creating Dogecoin wasn’t to scam people it was only to prank people. It was only a joke. This Doge meme was at the peak of its popularity in 2013. Jackson Palmer, an Australian marketer and Billy Markus, a software developer at IBM developed this Dogecoin then. Palmer says that he thought up this idea as a joke. to combine the two most popular trending topics on the internet. Cryptocurrency and the Doge meme. 

The code of Dogecoin is based on Litecoin. Litecoin is an Alt-Coin that does have a few advantages over Bitcoin. Like lesser processing time and lower transaction fees. But it is truly surprising that the market valuation of Dogecoin has already surpassed that of Litecoin. If you look at the largest cryptocurrencies of the world Dogecoin coin has become the fourth-largest cryptocurrency. 

After Bitcoin, Ethereum and Binance. The biggest question here is how is it possible? How did a coin made as a joke gain such popularity? Why are people buying it? The first reason is the Reddit website. People on Reddit started using it as a joke initially. Whenever someone liked a post or comment on Reddit, people would award some Dogecoins to the OP as a tip. It was known as the DogeBot tip.

 Usually, this was a tip of 5 Dogecoins. And at the time the value of Dogecoin was 0.0002¢. It was a very small amount. But using Dogecoin as a tip started gaining popularity on Reddit. And this expanded over the years. Dogecoins were used so much and exchanged so many times that their value started increasing rapidly. 

In September 2018, the CEO of Tesla, Elon Musk noticed it. Elon Musk met Jackson Palmer on the issue of Twitter scambots. The fake Twitter accounts that scam people using the guise of cryptocurrency. Elon Musk wanted to take them down because his name was being used to run these scams.

 So he asked for Jackson Palmer’s help on this. That was when Elon Musk came to know about Dogecoin. After 7 months he tweeted “Dogecoin might be my fav(ourite) cryptocurrency.” In March 2020 he tweeted “Dogs rock. They are the best coins.” So in the coming months and years he tweeted about Dogecoin several times which were indirectly or directly promoting Dogecoin. 

And because Elon Musk is so famous, perhaps the most renowned and liked billionaire in the world, every time he tweeted, it sent up the value of Dogecoin by 25% – 50%. Eventually, 2021 followed 2020. And now the value of Dogecoin has exceeded 50¢. At its peak, Dogecoin had almost touched the valuation of $80 billion. 

Though its price has fallen a bit in the last couple of days, but the supporters of Dogecoin aim to drive its value up to $1. It means that the value of 1 Dogecoin would be equal to $1. Currently, it is around 50-60¢. 

Talking about the real-life use of Dogecoin, the community of Dogecoin have donated to several charitable causes. Their first donation was to a Jamaican Bobsleigh team of $30,000 in Dogecoins so that the team could participate in the 2014 Russian Winter Olympics. After this, for some water conversation projects in Kenya and for helping some special needs children, the community of Dogecoin donated money. 

And who are the community of Dogecoin? What do I mean by this? Basically, there is a subreddit on Dogecoin where the users who buy and promote Dogecoins come together and make such donations. But overall, friends, I’d say that Dogecoin has become a cultural trend now. It does not have a value of its own. 

It isn’t bringing in any significant technological advancement neither is it unique. Only because of its circumstances Dogecoin has become so popular now. And this is needed to be understood by those people that think that if they invest in Dogecoin now and they would get 10x, 100x, 1000x returns. That Dogecoin is a good investment. 

You need to understand the cultural trends grow exponentially. And die down after their peak. There is a very high possibility that this may happen. I’m not giving you any investment advice here. You can buy Dogecoin if you want to. I’m just saying that be cautious of the huge risk. 

But higher the risk in investment, there are more chances of high returns as well. It is possible that after a few years, Dogecoin may be valued at $100 instead of a paltry $1. But it is equally possible that its value may become 0 instead of the 0.50¢ now. 

All your investment may vanish. Because predicting cultural trends on the internet is next to impossible. You’d basically be trying to predict how the world would think collectively. I believe that the same thing applies to Bitcoin as well. You should invest only that much in Bitcoin that you can afford to lose. 

If Bitcoin crashes to 0 tomorrow, you would not suffer much even after all your investment vanishes. And Dogecoin is even riskier than Bitcoin. So this is even more valid for Dogecoin than it is for Bitcoin. At least Bitcoin has some value of its own. Because it presents a revolutionary technology. I

t presents an alternative monetary system. But it is not so with Dogecoin. But at the same time, also remember this, friends, that only those things have any value in the society, in which people believe. If people think that a thing should have value, it does. 

You can see this with so many things. If people think that branded clothes have value, then their value exists and people buy them at exorbitant prices. The same thing applies to Dogecoin as well. If every one of us starts believing that Dogecoin does indeed have a value even if there really isn’t any, people would want to buy it which would drive up its value.

 And what can be the reason behind it? Absolutely any reason. If someone claims that Elon Musk’s brand is attached to Dogecoin and it has a high value the same reason as with clothes. If a cloth is marked by a brand it has a high value. For the same reason, someone may say that Dogecoin’s value should be higher. 

If society starts believing this its value will grow. And if society doesn’t, its value will fall. 

HOW TO FACE CHALLENGES WITHOUT STRESS?

 

  RESILENCE  

                      (IKIGAI REVIEW)


HOW TO FACE LIFE’S CHALLENGES WITHOUT LETTING STRESS AND WORRY YOUR AGE?




The thing Ikigai says is to pursue your passion – how hard the life goes with hurdles. No matter of giving up. Resilience is the concept which has become influential among psychologists. It is the ability to setback, things without urgency, to pick ourselves and giving meaning to our lives. 

Some people know how to adapt, stay focused on certain objectives, concentrate on things they can’t control and they are called as the resilient people. At some point of life, we all need to face the hurdles, we can’t escape the situations, so proper training for mind and body is to be given. Resilience is essential to confront life’s ups and downs. 

FALL SEVEN TIMES, RISE EIGHT.


EMOTIONAL RESILENCE THROUGH BUDDHISM AND STOICISM

The goal is to control our emotions, pleasures and desires. Though the both of the philosophies are different, both aims is to get rid of ego and control negative emotions. Our pleasures and desires are not the problem, we can enjoy and control them as they don’t take control of us. Controlling emotions have been always watchful who are trying to control themselves.

Imagining negative things and not worrying about them. As a result, you will come to the mindset of what the worst thing would happen?


MEDITATING FOR HEALTHIER EMOTIONS 

Another central theme of Stoicism is Imagining and knowing what we can control and what we can’t? Through serenity prayer.

Most commonly used mantras in Buddhism for controlling negative emotions is OM MANI PADME HUM in which OM represents ego purification, MA purifies jealously, NI purifies passion and desire, PAD purifies bias, ME purifies greed and HUM is the wisdom that purifies hatred.


CONCLUSION

Both Buddhism and Stoicism convey the message that there is nothing about worrying, but we can control  our emotions. Go through and just appreciate things because it is just NOW. The temporary things which are the impermanent ones. Keep your mind the best one to see the flow.


Pandemic's impact on Education

 The Covid-19 pandemic has altered the lifestyle of everyone completely. Laptop and Smartphone screens have replaced the chalk and blackboard of the classrooms since the announcement of lockdown in March 2020. This transition from offline to online learning was not a simple task for the students as well as the teachers. 

Online Classes: The new way of education 

Initially the task was to learn to use the online medium for education purposes. Some teachers and students faced certain difficulties in handling technology. It also increased the responsibility of the parents especially in the case of small children who could not handle online classes without guidance of their parents. As this new way of learning was being freshly introduced, some batches of students faced a delay in their academic year. This led to a lot of confusion regarding cancellation or postponement of exams. It is also extremely difficult for students to understand the practical concepts which require a lab. 

One of the major problems of online learning is Digital Divide. Every student does not have access to the digital world, which disrupts their learning process. According to a survey by the National Council of Educational Research and Training in the schools of India, 27% students don’t have access to smartphones, laptops or computers. In many remote areas, proper internet connectivity is also not available to attend the classes. 

Due to the worsening financial conditions like unemployment and low income in households, the dropout rates of school students are increasing, especially among girls. Many leave their education to support the family financially. A number of professors and teachers have expressed their concern over this issue and the main fear is that they may never rejoin school after the pandemic. 

The Mid-Day Meal scheme in the government schools was one of the important ways for the students to get nutritious food, especially for the students from the low income families. Mid day meal provision also led to an increase in the enrolment of students in schools. Due to lack of physical access to schools they are facing a loss of nutrition. 

Long exposure to screens has impacted their vision and mental health. It has increased the problems like headache and stress. Lack of face-to-face doubt clearance leaves the students confused. It has also impacted the student’s daily routine where they were physically active. According to UNICEF’s data released in March 2021, 888 million children worldwide, including 247 million in India, continue to face difficulty in learning due to closure of schools. 

But every cloud has a silver lining, and online classes too have their own benefits. It has opened up new ways of digital learning that connects people globally through webinars, online certification courses, etc. The number of webinars conducted for students in schools and colleges has increased over the last year. Initiatives such as educational programmes on television and radio were promoted to help the children learn in an easy manner. 

However, the problems faced by those who cannot access digital learning needs to be addressed. Initiatives that can help them to cope up with this loss of education needs to be promoted. Education is an integral part of development which should not be compromised.


GATE..IS IT REALLY WORTH?

                             GATE


A dream and goal of many is to clear GATE before completing their B. Tech or B.E. Degrees. But the unfortunate is that only some rare blossoms get through it as the average pass percentage of the exam is approximately 17-20% of all branches. And now some science and humanities branches are also included in the exam. Most of the aspirants who clear GATE with maximum ranks is the third or above attempters. 

The fun is that even some lecturers or professors of tier 2 and 3 colleges attend GATE coaching classes in the training institutes for getting a PSU job while some leave PSU’s and come to coaching institutes and teach for the upcoming batches as they say, it is stressful working there.  Some ultra legends are starting their own coaching institutes as they can earn double the amount of what PSU’s pay if they take efforts to reach out to the aspirants.

STRATEGIES ON YOUTUBE:

   When talking about strategy, the first screen of the mind is YT. there are ‘n’ number of videos in YT on topics like 50 days strategy and full syllabus crash course within 2 months and so on.. there are still some searchers looking for strategies like “HOW TO CLEAR GATE WITHOUT STUDYING!!!?”.. Hey guys where do you all exist? Some aspirants put vlog of their full day studies and earn income which is mostly viewed by the new bloomers of GATE.

WHY SHOULD YOU ATTEMPT GATE?

      It shapes your consistency and boosts your confidence in case you go for placements in core companies. If you are of an average type of college, then go for it and never miss it at any chance. You get a great confidence and believe in yourself for attempting more exams related to the field. 

  REAL PROVED STRATEGIES:

1. Go for syllabus coverage at the first level or get an idea of subjects.

2. List out the major, minor and easy subjects.

3. Categorize your importance and view the weightage of questions on the subjects.

4. Starting increasing your pace for solving the questions.

5. Always pre-plan yourself for the day.

6. Getting alteast two test series is must before appearing for the exam.

7. Dedicate some time for hobbies, too, as they drive more concentration.

8. Avoid getting frustrated in the first attempt.

9. In any case, don’t panic.

10. Focus on one thing, that is your exams for Gate alone, make it your strength you will be able to do it.

MIRABAI CHANU

 

MIRABAI CHANU

Saikhom Mirabai Chanu was born on 8th August 1994. She was born in Nongpok, Manipur. She won the silver medal at 2020 Olymics in the women’s 49kg. Mirabai had won several medals under Common wealth games. 

She was qualified for the 2016 Rio Olympics, unfortunately she was able to finish it. However, her first three attempts ended in failure. In 2017, she won Gold in 48 kg women category which was held at the US. Chanu make a breakthrough  by winning Gold for India in 2018 Common Wealth games. In 2019, She lifted a 201 kgs which created a new record under 49 kgs category.

In 2020, she won Gold in 49kg category under 2020 Senior national weightlifting Championships. In 2021, Chanu became the only woman weight lifter to win Second position on 49kg category.

CASH PRIZES

Manipur Chief Minister N. Biren Singh announced an award of Rs. 1 Croce

Indian Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw announced an award of Rs. 2 Croce along with the promotion.

MIRABI OLYMPICS

MirabaiChanu’s  won the decoration for India within the 2014 metropolis Commonwealth Games. This was the primary time individuals detected MirabaiChanu’s name for the primary time. The special issue is that the gold of this class conjointly came into India’s account. She defeated jock Kunjrani within the 2016 city Olympic Games qualifying match to secure her place at the city Olympic Games. 

This made special for her as she thought of jock Kunjrani as her leader.However, she couldn’t do a lot within the city Olympic Games and had to face defeat altogether her 3 clean and jerk tries. Thanks to this he conjointly Janus-faced several criticisms.

 Mirabai has not been ready to do something special within the city Olympiad, she has brought laurels to the country by winning the trophy within the forty eight kilo class within the 2017 World bodybuilding Championships. 

She won the trophy within the 2018 Commonwealth Games. She was awarded Rs twenty hundred chief Ministers of Manipur. Together with her performance, she has invariably brought laurels to Manipur and therefore the country.

INDIA HOPES FOR LAURELS

The largest event of the Games, the Edo Olympic Games can run from twenty three July to eight August. These games were to be commanded within the year 2020 itself, however, thanks to the corona epidemic, the games were deferred until 2021. Allow us to tell you that this point within the Edo Olympic Games, India’s largest team of 126 players goes to participate within the Games. Of these players can participate in sixty nine events of eighteen sports. The team can leave for Edo on seventeen July 2021. India has high hopes of medals from all the players as well as MirabaiChanu.

INDIA HAS WON SEVERAL MEDALS 

28 medals from 1900-2016 (9 Gold, 7 Silver, 12 bronze medals)

A game in which India has won most medals is Hockey. It contributes about 8 Gold, 1 Silver.

THE REAL PRIDE TO INDIA

Our Prime minister Narendra Modi congratulated on her success. Many stars  tweeted and congratulated her. It is really a pride moment for India on winning at Olympics. 

Content Writing As A Career

 

Over time content writing has evolved enormously in the market. Content writing as a career provides a tremendous opportunity. In today’s world, many big firms are hiring content writers exclusively to provide content solutions to clients. 

This brings us to the question that if content writing has such potential, What do I need to become a content writer? What are the career opportunities? Salary Expectation? Well, you will find all the answers needed in this article. 

What do you need to become a content writer?

While many of the companies prefer hiring an individual who has a degree in literature or journalism & mass communication, one with excellent writing and communication skills is also welcomed by the companies. In short, anyone with good writing and communication skills can apply for it. Also, thorough knowledge of the field you are writing about is always a plus point. 

What are the career opportunities?

Looking at the demand for content writers, it can be said that the demand will stay longer in the industry. Besides taking a job in a firm one can also become a freelance writer or a full-time blogger. Mentioned below are some of the different fields of content writing:-

I) Public Relations Writing: These days, most of the corporate hire in-house writers to write their newsletters, press releases, and bulletins.

II) Technical Writing: It mostly deals with literature like user manuals and do-it-yourself kits, etc.

III) Marketing Content: In this field, a writer should be able to attract customers through catchy headlines and slugs. As a marketing content writer, one needs to be creative to attract the attention of consumers and convince them. This type of writing includes brochures, fliers, etc.

IV) Web content: As websites need to update their content to stay fresh and relevant, they hire content writers. 

V) Others: Some of the other fields of content writing includes – health, lifestyle, financial, children’s writing, academic, copywriting, and fashion.

Salary Expectation

As an experienced freelance writer one can earn up to Rs 40-50 thousand in a month. And for the content writers working for a firm, the salary varies from company to company. The average starting salary for a content writer ranges from Rs 15,000 to Rs 20,000 per month. 

If you think you are made for writing then you should give content writing a short. 

Legal and policy challenges in space technology

 

                                                           (Photo: Outlook India)

“History is agreed upon as an uninterrupted process in time and space.”

India before independence was very different from the India that we see today. Of course, it is common knowledge that pre 1947 India consisted of modern day, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The after-independence chase of India faced major developments and changes that we can see today. India has an impressive array of achievements in the development of space transport as well as aviation industry for various applications. From a humble beginning with a small RH 75 rocket in the sixties to the successful launch of PSLV-D2 with 804 kg IRS-P2 in October, 1994, the Indian space programme has made remarkable progress through a well-integrated, self-reliant programme. On the other hand, the civil aviation industry of India has emerged as one of the fastest growing industries in the country during the last three years. India has become the third largest domestic aviation market in the world and is expected to overtake UK to become the third largest air passenger market by 2024.

Every country’s success depends upon its government. The way it handles the whole economy largely affect its economic environment. In such a globalized environment, the governmental policies act as the key factor in determining its real success, be it in field of aviation, space technology or any other. The government however has reviewed its aviation policies from time to time and tried to make it friendlier however it lagged in certain jurisprudence. In the recent past, the outlook of the government of India has undergone substantial change. It has tried to adopt emerging trends and include different terminologies, ownership of private companies, more new projects, financing, hassle free management and its operations. The government has increased its investment in this sector. Moreover, it has tried to devise the privatization method to solve many problems attached to this sector. Privatization is needed for solving the problem of “distressed state syndrome”. The complete or partial privatization will give positive impact on efficiency, productivity and profitability. Trends of privatization is rising all around the world and it is important to analyze all consequences and specific results, which will be helpful to understand better difficulties and structural changes.

During the COVID time, there was a dramatic drop in demand for passenger air transport. This threatened the viability of many firms, putting many jobs at stake. While the aviation industry has often been a target of government policies, the COVID-19 crisis has precipitated a new suite of loans, loan guarantees, wage subsidies and equity injections, raising concerns about efficient use of public resources. The COVID-19 crisis has hit hard to the economy.

Although the aviation and space sector contribute a lot to the economy, however every coin has two sides. The other side of the story is that we have grown, but grown at the cost of our mother nature. The question that we need to dwell into is: “Do we belong to this earth or does this earth belong to us”. Commercial aviation is experiencing dramatic growth in various regions throughout the world but at the cost of what. It is leading to the pollution of the environment. Over the past 50 years global demand for air travel has risen by 9 per cent per annum. The environmental impact it has caused is very degrading. This has become a cause of concern.

INVESTMENT

According to the data released by Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), FDI inflow in India’s air transport sector (including air freight) reached US$ 2.79 billion between April 2000 and June 2020. The government has allowed 100% FDI under the automatic route in scheduled air transport service, regional air transport service and domestic scheduled passenger airline. However, FDI over 49% would require government approval.

India’s aviation industry is expected to witness Rs. 35,000 crore (US$ 4.99 billion) investment in the next four years. The Indian Government is planning to invest US$ 1.83 billion for development of airport infrastructure along with aviation navigation services by 2026.

Key investments and developments in India’s aviation industry includes:

  • In October 2020, Zurich Airport International signed the concession agreement for the development of Jewar Airport on the outskirts of Delhi. The agreement has granted Zurich Airport International the license to design, build and operate Noida International Airport (NIAL) for the next 40 years.
  • In October 2020, the Airports Authority of India (AAI) announced plan to upgrade runways at seven airports across the country by March 2022.
  • In January 2020, IndiGo became first Indian carrier to have an aircraft fleet size of 250 planes and became the first airline to operate 1,500 flights per day.
  • In December 2019, AAI announced its plans to set up India’s first three water aerodromes in Andaman & Nicobar.
  • As of December 2019, France-based Safran Group planned an investment of US$ 150 million in a new aircraft engine maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) unit in India to cater to its airline customers.
  • AAI plans to invest Rs. 25,000crore (US$ 3.58 billion) in next the five years to augment facilities and infrastructure at air transport.

THE NEED FOR SPACE LEGISLATION

What we can sketch out is that there’s a greater need for space legislation. With no legal obligation, the dream of ‘DIGITAL INDIA’ can’t be achieved. A robust legal regime would instill investor confidence, attract FDI and new technologies, reduce administrative and regulatory uncertainties, provide clarity on stamp duty, registration requirements, insurance, transfer of property, contractual obligation, space debris liability and intellectual property rights concerning space-related issues, and flourish space entrepreneurship by providing a level playing field to the private entities. 

The policymakers need to resolve the following issues in virtue of requisite space legislation:

·       Single Independent Regulator – In contradiction to the present multiple ministries, agencies and departments, namely, the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Department of Space, the satellite divisions of Department of Telecom, the Department of Telecommunications, the Telecom Engineering Centre, the Network Operation and Control Centre, the Ministry of Defense, and the Ministry of Defense, a single independent regulator is required to perform regulatory processes including the issuance of a place in orbit to launch a satellite and/or rocket, mandatory licenses to launch it, spectrum to communicate with it, and clearance for the technology and/or space equipment to be used. 

·       Space debris – Space debris or space junk encompasses both man-made and natural (meteoroid) particles that enhance the probability of disastrous collision that may cause damage to space vehicles. Although there is no specific international treaty or convention dealing with the imposition of liability, some long-standing guidelines were issued by NASA, on ‘how to deal with space debris’ which were later adopted by the UN General Assembly and COPUOS. However, well-defined provisions on liability of the launching state need to be formulated to reduce the persisting or potential conflicts among countries.

·       Security measures – With the rising threats to national peace and security by potential space and cyber warfare possibilities, countries need to invest adequately in adopting cyber and military security measures. Rules and regulations on lines with the Data protection laws need to be formulated to ensure that adequate cyber security measures are in place.

·       Granting of license – The process for granting a license is yet to be developed, but section 5 of the Bill envisages that there will be eligibility criteria, and a fee to pay, without giving any detail or indication as to what those criteria or fees might be. In particular, it sets out the obligation to provide a financial guarantee or insurance, which essentially addresses the broader liability question and the principles of liability that flow under the international space regime.

·        Intellectual property rights- Section 25 of the Bill states, “Any invention, or other form of intellectual property rights, developed, generated or created during the course of any space activity shall be protected by any law for the time being in force, with the primary objective of safe guarding national security.“ such a provision might deter the potential participation of the private sector in the Indian space industry and thus needs to be looked into by the policymakers to enable innovation in the space industry.    

CONCLUSION

“Without your involvement you can’t succeed. With your involvement you can’t fail.”

Well said by APJ Abdul Kalam.India’s aviation and space transport are largely untapped with huge growth opportunities. It’s the need of the hour to grab these opportunities and the government should deeply involve in this process by making key changes in its policy and legal framework. A single policy should be adopted. In aviation industry, a lot of digital transformation is required. A big vision and strategy are needed to get through stormy waters. Cost pressure should be taken into account. New technology should be adopted. With the increase in competition and entry of private players, only the companies who do best will be able to survive. On the other hand, in space industry, policy changes are needed to make the space sector more accessible to private players. There’s a need of single space legislation. Changes are needed in New Space India Limited (NSIL). Last year, the finance minister announced the opening up of the ISRO’s facilities to the country’s private sector as part of its COVID-19 special economic stimulus. This was an early but a commendable step. Many a thing have changed since COVID.

As it is said, “Every cloud has a silver lining.” We should also hope for the best. It is at these times when the government was able to realize its incapability and failure and hopefully it has started considering legal and policy aspect that needs deeper consideration

1999 – THE KARGIL WAR

The 1999
KARGIL WAR

 – one of the greatest war in the Indian history –

“Our flag does not fly because the wind moves it. it flies with the last breath of every fallen soldiers who protected it”

It’s been 22 years since the Indian army recaptured back all the Indian army posts in Kargil that was once occupied by the Pakistan’s army. Finally on 26th July 1999,we won this war and since then every year on this day we pay tribute to our hero’s who sacrificed life saving protecting our motherland. 


Through this article let us understand in depth the story behind this 1999 war. 
  • WHEN, WHERE and HOW
This war continued from May to July 1999 for a period of 84 days in the Kashmiri’s Kargil district.
The Pakistani’s soldiers and terrorists occupied the Indian territories and positioned themselves strategically in key position such that it would be advantage for the opponents to start the war.


The shepherds from the nearby locality informed Indian army about suspicious activity and they were able to decode this activity and launched “OPERATION VIJAY”

  • THE WAR
Initially the Pakistani government refused any role in this conflict and termed that this conflict was with Kashmiri freedom fighters. But later awarded medals to its soldiers who were part of the conflict.

The Pakistani troops had positioned themselves at higher altitude which proved to be advantage as it could fire down the Indian army during fight.










Finally the Pakistani troops withdrew their armed forces at few places while the Indian army attacked the rest of outposts and finally managed to get back their territory by 26th July 1999.

  • AFTER WAR EFFECT

According to the report, a total of 527 official death toll was reported on Indian side. On other hand in Pakistan’s side it was between 357 to 453.

The mission was considered successful on 26th july,1999 by Indian military and thereafter every year it is celebrated annually as Kargil Vijay Diwas.

  • GALLANTRY AWARDS
  • PARAM VIR CHAKRA awarded to:
  1. Grenadier Yogendra Singh Yadav, 18 Grenadiers
  2. Lieutenant Manoj Singh Kumar Pandey, 1/11 Gorkha Rifles
  3. Captain Vikram Bhatra,13 JAK Rifles
  4. Rifleman Sanjay Kumar,13 JAK Rifles
  • MAHA VIR CHAKRA awarded to:
  1. Lieutenant Balwan Singh,18 Grenadiers 
  2. Major Rajesh Singh Adhikari,Posthumous,18 Grenadiers 
  3. Major Vivek Gupta, Posthumous,2 Rajputana Rifles 
  4. Captain N Kenguruse, Posthumous,ASC, 2 RAJ RIF
  5. Major Sonam Wangchuk, Ladakh Scounts
  6. Naik Digendra Kumar,2 RAJ RIF
  7. Captain Anuj Nayyar, 17 Jat Regiment, Posthumous
  8. Lieutenant Keishing C Nongrum, 12 JAK Light Infantry
  9. Major Padmapani Acharya, 2 Rajputana Rifles, Posthumous 

The inspiring stories of of the war heroes taught us selflessness and courage. On this Kargil Vijay Diwas lets take a moment to appreciate the sacrifices of our soldiers who guarded us while we were sleeping safe and sound. The Kargil heroes will always be remembered. 

JAI HIND.

Kerala Govt. takes steps againt Dowry

Societies have a long history of male domination, which can be witnessed from ancient rituals and customs.
Men are traditionally bread earners whereas their counterparts females are homemakers.
With time few things have changed but the major picture remains quite constant.
Dowry is an unethical practice in our society, hidden behind the name of gifts or blessings by elders. 

Many strategies and steps are taken by the government, but still, it’s prevalent. A new development took place in the string of events as now Kerala government directs employees to give affidavits that no dowry is taken by them. This circular was issued by the Department of Women & Child Development.
Under its new rules, all-male married employees are directed to submit a declaration stating that no dowry is taken from the bride’s family.
It comes after several cases of deaths due to dowry-related crimes reported in the state.
The declaration is to be submitted to the concerned department within 30 days of marriage, signed by the employee’s wife and inlaws. 
In case of a fake affidavit, legal action will be taken against the official. Moreover giving or taking of the dowry will be punished by the imprisonment of a term not less than 5 years and a fine of Rs 15,000.

SYLVIA PLATH

 WHO WAS SYLVIA PLATH?

Born in 1932 to middle-class parents in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, Sylvia Plath published her first poem at the age of eight. A sensitive person who tended to be a bit of a perfectionist she was what many would consider a model daughter and student – popular, a straight-A student, always winning the best prizes. She won a scholarship to Smith College in 1950 and even then she had an enviable list of publications. She wrote over four hundred poems.


However, beneath the surface of her seeming perfection were some grave discontinuities, some of which probably were caused by the death of her father, an entomologist, when she was eight.

During the summer after her junior year in college, Sylvia made her first (and almost successful) attempt at suicide by overdosing on sleeping pills. The experience is described in her autobiographical novel, The Bell Jar, published in 1963. After a period of recovery, which involved electroshock and psychotherapy she once again pursued academic and literary success, graduating from Smith summa cum laude in 1955 and winning a Fulbright scholarship to study in Cambridge, England.


In 1956 she married Ted Hughes, an English poet, and in 1960, at the age of twenty-eight, she published her first book, The Colossus in England. The poems found in the book clearly showed the dedication with which she pursued her apprenticeship, yet they only gave a taste of what was to come in the poems she began writing in early 1961. She and Hughes settled for a brief time in an English country village in Devon, England. However, less than two years after the birth of their first child the marriage disintegrated.

In the winter of 1962-63, one of the coldest in centuries, Sylvia lived in a small flat in London, with her two children, ill with the flu and nearly broke. She would sometimes finish a poem a day. In her last poems, death is given a cruel, physical allure and psychic pain becomes almost tactile.

On February 11, 1963, Sylvia Plath succeeded in killing herself with cooking gas at the age of thirty. Two years after her death, Ariel, a collection of some of her last poems was published, which was followed by Crossing the Water and Winter Trees in 1971, and in 1981 The Collected Poems was published, edited by none other than Ted Hughes.

SOME OF HER WORKS

1. MIRROR

I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions.
Whatever I see I swallow immediately
Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike.
I am not cruel, only truthful ‚
The eye of a little god, four-cornered.
Most of the time I meditate on the opposite wall.
It is pink, with speckles. I have looked at it so long
I think it is part of my heart. But it flickers.
Faces and darkness separate us over and over.

Now I am a lake. A woman bends over me,
Searching my reaches for what she really is.
Then she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon.
I see her back, and reflect it faithfully.
She rewards me with tears and an agitation of hands.
I am important to her. She comes and goes.
Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness.
In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman
Rises toward her day after day, like a terrible fish.

2. A LIFE

ouch it: it won’t shrink like an eyeball,
This egg-shaped bailiwick, clear as a tear.
Here’s yesterday, last year —-
Palm-spear and lily distinct as flora in the vast
Windless threadwork of a tapestry.

Flick the glass with your fingernail:
It will ping like a Chinese chime in the slightest air stir
Though nobody in there looks up or bothers to answer.
The inhabitants are light as cork,
Every one of them permanently busy.

At their feet, the sea waves bow in single file.
Never trespassing in bad temper:
Stalling in midair,
Short-reined, pawing like paradeground horses.
Overhead, the clouds sit tasseled and fancy

As Victorian cushions. This family
Of valentine faces might please a collector:
They ring true, like good china.

Elsewhere the landscape is more frank.
The light falls without letup, blindingly.

A woman is dragging her shadow in a circle
About a bald hospital saucer.
It resembles the moon or a sheet of blank paper
And appears to have suffered a sort of private blitzkrieg.
She lives quietly

With no attachments, like a foetus in a bottle,
The obsolete house, the sea, flattened to a picture
She has one too many dimensions to enter.
Grief and anger, exorcised,
Leave her alone now.

The future is a grey seagull
Tattling in its cat-voice of departure.
Age and terror, like nurses, attend her,
And a drowned man, complaining of the great cold,
Crawls up out of the sea.

3. CUT

What a thrill –
My thumb instead of an onion.
The top quite gone
Except for a sort of hinge

Of skin,
A flap like a hat,
Dead white.
Then that red plush.

Little pilgrim,
The Indian’s axed your scalp.
Your turkey wattle
Carpet rolls

Straight from the heart.
I step on it,
Clutching my bottle
Of pink fizz. A celebration, this is.
Out of a gap
A million soldiers run,
Redcoats, everyone.

Whose side are they on?
O my
Homunculus, I am ill.
I have taken a pill to kill

The thin
Papery feeling.
Saboteur,
Kamikaze man –

The stain on your
Gauze Ku Klux Klan
Babushka
Darkens and tarnishes and when
The balled
Pulp of your heart
Confronts its small
Mill of silence

How you jump –
Trepanned veteran,
Dirty girl,
Thumb stump.


Cleopatra, the Beauty Queen of Egypt

 Cleopatra,the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, the beauty queen of Egypt, bears an important personality in the annals of history. On account of her, Julius Caesar developed an ambition to become the Roman emperor for which he had to lay down his own life. The defeat was due to a misunderstanding between Cleopatra and her brother in ruling Egypt. In the year 512 B.C, Cleopatra took shelter in Syria where she met Julius Caesar in Alexandria and fell in love with him, instigating him to wage a war against her brother in Egypt. Cleopatra’s brother was killed in the battle by which she became the queen of Egypt before and after she married Caesar. She was the queen even after the death of Caesar. Later she married Marcus Antonius and fought with Augustus Caesar. In 31 B.C. She died consuming venom when everything of her was destroyed. This led to the unification of Egypt with the Roman empire.

 There are lots of unknown facts behind her. Do you know her real name? Cleopatra was actually Cleopatra VII Philopator. Her real name was “Cleopatra Thea Philopator” which means ‘goddess Cleopatra beloved of her father’. There were six Cleopatra before her! We all believe that Cleopatra was an Egyptian. But she was not a pure Egyptian. The genealogy goes back to Ptolemy I Soter, one of Alexander the Great’s generals. Though she was not ethnically Egyptian,she didn’t act like a foreigner to her subjects. And also became the first of the Ptolemaic line to learn Egyptian and adopt many of the customs of Egypt. She was also an intelligent woman who had a good command over almost twelve languages. And also learnt mathematics, philosophy ,oratory and astronomy. She brought a number of books on medicine, charms and the cosmetics who proposed treatments for hair loss and dandruff.

She had four children namely Caesarion, twins Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene by Julius Caesar. Another son Ptolemy Philadelphos Antonius by Mark Antony. But only Cleopatra Selene survived and became the Queen of Mauritania.There is also different opinions on the death of cleopatra.The popular belief about her death is that she committed suicide by allowing an asp (an Egyptian cobra) to bite her. But according to Greek and Roman historians she poisoned herself using either a toxic ointment or with a poisoned sharp instrument such as a pin!

BEAUTY IS NOT WHAT'S ON THE OUTSIDE BUT WHAT'S ON THE INSIDE…


Beauty is not what’s on the outside but what’s on the inside.

The term ‘beauty’ may have very relative significance. Something can be beautiful for us, but ugly for other people. The external beauty of a person is often the first thing that we pay attention to. This is the result of the association of beauty with good and ugliness with evil. Through the outer appearance we make a general opinion about a given person. Such a way of thinking may be very misleading. In order to get to know the person we need to look to the inside – into the soul. This is the place where the real beauty and ugliness are hidden.

Looking beautiful is a desire of almost every individual living on this planet. Emphasis on the word ‘Looking’ in the previous statement. Looking beautiful depends on others and not on our own selves. To understand this, you will have to consider the concept of beauty. There is a famous quote which goes something like this,

Beauty Lies in the eyes of the Beholder’

What this quote is trying to say is that unless you are considered beautiful by the people/society looking at you, you will not be considered beautiful. This is because society has set certain standards of beauty that are followed by most of the population.

These standards are also responsible for creating a sort of frustration/personality complex among the people that fail to meet these standards. This is why inner beauty is important. But what is inner beauty, to be exact? A lot of people come up with excuses when they are approached with the concept of inner beauty. Either these people don’t have an idea of what inner beauty exactly is or they just don’t understand the importance of inner beauty for overall health. As a result, people often base their lives on the wrong notion of beauty.

Inner beauty can be classified into two main categories: Physical and Mental. Physical inner beauty involves the improvement of physical health from the inside. It involves improvements of the bodily systems that aren’t visible from the outside. Mental inner beauty involves the goodness and purity of the thoughts. We see others as we see ourselves. Therefore, to improve the perception of our world, we need to first take control of our own thoughts. Only then can an individual be truly beautiful. A good combination of the physical inner beauty and mental inner beauty can give better fulfillment and health.


According to the above points, I came to know that the inner beauty is very important.

Some people feel proud about their beauty but we should remember that it won’t last long. As we become old our beauty disappears.

Human beings are made up of wet clay of the land. So one day we’ll be going to get mixed up one day.

So, we should keep that in mind and never feel proud of your beauty and don’t not criticize the people whoa re not as beautiful as you are. Because God, the creator of the whole world doesn’t see your beauty outside but sees whether you are beautiful at heart.

Nadia Murad's Story of fight!

Wars are demons which are always meant for destruction. The only way they know to achieve their wishes is complete destruction. Women, men, children and even nature are also being ruined by bombs, guns and shots. The purpose of wars may vary.It depends upon the motives of each group. The memoir The Last Girl by Nadia Murad is a journey from a peaceful life at Kocho to a strange life in Germany as a refugee. The protagonist Nadia draws a complete picture of devastation of an area,people and their minds. The war took place in Kocho where they practiced genocide to wipe out one of the ethnic minorities in Iraq, that is Yazidi.Surviving a war is such an easy task when it is compared to the life of survivors Because the days after war is like a life without life.

The memoir is divided into three parts. The first part deals with Murad’s peaceful life in the Yazidi village Kocho and she included several incidents and disputes related to nearby Sunni villages and terrorists attacks she evoked. She narrated the occupation of Islamic State in Kocho in August 2014 and successive massacres inflicted by ISIS. Men were killed and women were used as sexual slaves when they refused to convert into Muslim community. In second part, Murad conveys her experiences as a brutally treated woman by ISIS militants. The days she spent in the camps were horrible. Once she tried to escape, she was failed and was raped by the guards and moved to an ISIS check point and again raped by many. Third part is the continuation of her struggle to escape from that hell. The second attempt was a successful one and with the help of a family, she went to Kocho and started a new life.She defined the circumstances as incredible.

The Last Girl is a thunderous ode to a woman’s will to struggle, to survive and to emerge victorious through unimaginable trauma and torture. Moreover, the story offers a powerful insight into how the Yazidi suffered incomparable cruelty, how a woman braved the worst of human conditions and was able to share her story with the world. It is not just a story of a Yazidi woman who suffered being a sex slave and monumental tragedy in the hands of the ISIS, instead the work is a testimony of the ancient Yazidi community, and their unceasing predicaments that are ignored by the larger mass. Nadia’s unflinching portrayal of her own story is the strong weapon, she has against terrorism. Even though, genocide is not something that just happened yesterday, it is an unnoticeable part of history. The work is like a mirror set against the reality which reflects the terrible beauty of the world. Rape has been used as a tool in war time for millennia. It is used as an instrument in genocide. Because it is one way of advancing the destruction of a community. Rape has a huge capacity to destroy asmuch as a bullet can destroy. The memoir contains open wounds and painful lessons,as Yazidi activist, Nadia Murad learns how her own story can become a weapon against her co-opted for any number of political agendas.

Usually, the world celebrate and remember the victorious pages of history. In those victories, the minorities are often denied their right to live by the hands of powerful majority. Their voices are crushed under the authoritative orders and the world does not see any representatives from them. In this context The Last Girl becomes very relevant. It is a memoir of a girl from Yazidi community, a minority section of Iraq, which explains the traumatic situations of Yazidis and their fearful life in their home country Iraq. She dared to speak against ISIS and their cruel agendas.

Nadia is the first Yazidi woman who begins an open fight with such a huge organization and stood for a healthy living of Yazidis. She fought with herself to overcome the trauma and successfully nurtured the confidence within her to create a protective layer around her community. The UN Goodwill Ambassador for the dignity of survivors of human trafficking, Nadia is not just a survivor, she is a winner of human rights. As a research topic, the work is viewed in the angle of trauma which reflects throughout the lives of victims who subjected to the effects of war.

Solid Waste Disposal

The piled up garbage dumps and the landfills as huge as a mountain that we see in our daily life is a clear indicator for us to consider eco-friendly waste disposal methods. Waste disposal and management is a highly ignored subject, as a result of which cities like Delhi produce 9,000 metric tonnes of garbage everyday. 

Efficient waste disposal methods and recycling can lead us to a bright “Zero-Waste-Future”. The eco-friendly methods of waste disposal require proper facilities for disposal of waste along with awareness among the masses.  


E-Waste Management

E- waste refers to obsolete electronic waste and managing these wastes is an emerging task as the number of electronic items are increasing day-by-day. The major problem is that people are not aware of disposal methods for E-waste and separate collection of E-waste is not easily accessible. This leads to dumping of it in the landfill with the normal garbage. It can adversely affect our environment and public health. 

 E-waste like batteries and cartridges have toxic chemicals in them like Lead, Mercury, Hexavalent Chromium etc. The groundwater near the landfill can get polluted with harmful chemicals like Lead. If it is burnt, then it can lead to toxic fumes in the air. 

Eco-friendly waste disposal methods

Firstly, reducing the amount of waste from our households is a crucial step. This can be ensured by some small changes on a daily basis. For instance, using a cloth bag while buying things instead of collecting many small polythene bags. Because these polythene bags bring in more plastic waste inside the house and it again becomes difficult to get rid of it in an eco-friendly manner. 

 

If the provision of two separate garbage collections is available, then the household should use two dustbins. One for the recyclable items and the other for the non-recyclable items. Making a product out of recycled goods takes much less energy than making a product with new items from scratch. If there is a separate hazardous waste disposal site in the vicinity, then the hazardous items like paint cans, tyres, and bulbs should be disposed of there and not mixed with the other wastes. 

Composting is a very easy and beneficial way of waste disposal. Waste from the kitchen like vegetable peels can be used as manure for the plants. Vegetable wastes have nitrogen rich minerals which makes the soil fertile and plants help to lower the greenhouse gases. It can be used for one’s own garden or can be donated as manure for a nearby park. It is one of the best ways for disposal of waste. Similarly, the green wastes such as trimmed grass from the garden can be used to feed the animals. 

The huge landfills are a result of the excess of waste generated. Hence it is important to act responsibly and promote efficient waste disposal methods. Some small steps taken in our everyday life can make an impact on the overall environment.