Category: Education

Final Year Exams: Supreme Court to Announce Verdict Tomorrow

University Grants Commission’s (UGC) had passed on a circular on July 6, regarding the conduction of the final term university examinations during the novel covid 19 pandemic. The Supreme Court will pronounce its verdict on the pleas challenging the UGC circular.

UGC had earlier approached universities to view and get the status about the exams. It received responses from about 818 universities (121 deemed universities, 291 private universities, 51 central universities, and 355 state universities). Out of the 818 universities, 603 have either conducted the examination or are planning to conduct it in some time. While 209 others have already conducted examination on either on-line or off-line mode and 394 are planning to conduct examination in on-line or off-line or in a blended hybrid mode towards August or September.

A bench headed by Justice Ashok Bhushan, R Subshash Reddy and MR Shah, had reserved its judgment for the matter on August 18. They will be pronouncing their judgement after a detailed hearing continuing for 2 days.

Last week, four states and Union territories – Maharashtra, Delhi, West Bengal and Odisha – had urged the apex court to give directions to the UGC to not impose examinations on lakhs of final year university students during the present condition. The court had concluded the hearing but deferred a judgement on the issue. Many states said they were not consulted before taking the decision regarding examinations and selecting the UGC guidelines. They have also said that the state governments have the power to take health related decisions in the interest of the people. The UGC Guidelines did not make sure of this and the opinion of the states were not taken into consideration while the guidelines were constructed.

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A group of as many as 31 students from different universities across the country had approached the Supreme court and opposed the UGC circular dated 6 July. In that plea, the students have opposed the direction given to all universities in the country to finish taking the final year examinations before 30 September. The students have made a petition and requested for the examinations to be cancelled. They have suggested that the results of students could be calculated on the basis of their internal assessment or mid-term exams and past performance in previous years/semesters. In the petition it was requested that mark sheets of students should be issued before July 31. The petition was filed by students from across 13 states and one union territory. One of the students, among the 31 petitioners, who had tested positive for Coronavirus have asked for directions from the UGC about the examinations. He has asked the UGC to adopt the CBSE model and conduct an examination at a later date. This is specially for the students who are not satisfied with their marks and the assessment of the papers. The plea suggested that previously planned examinations should be cancelled, keeping in mind the interests and health of the students in such a situation of the country, when the number of cases were rising every day. All educational educations across India were closed for the past few months due to the pandemic situation and the lockdown. Most institutions have however started taking classes for intermediate students in the form of online classes/ lectures.

The Supreme Court will give its judgement and provide a verdict for the students, in a batch of petitions submitted for challenging the revised guidelines of the University Grants Commission (UGC) to conduct final year exams by September 30 of this year.

ONLINE SHOPPING IN PANDEMIC

THE COVID-19 HAS LET US DO WHAT WE NEVER USED TO DO AND STILL WE ARE NOT ABLE TO IT COMPLETELY AND THAT IS NOTHING BUT SOCIAL DISTANCING . SOME OF US HAVE NEVER MET OUR FAMILY MEMBERS , OUR CLOSE FRIENDS AND WE ARE DYING TO MEET THEM , MUTUAL FEELING IT IS !.

WE ARE GOING THROUGH ECONOMIC DOWNTURN AND ALL THE BUSINESSES ARE URGING TOWARDS LOSSES . MARKETRES ARE SAD DUE TO LESS PROFIT AND HAPPY DUE TO MORE CONSUMPTION DEMAND .

AS THERE IS A NEED OF SOCIAL DISTANCING , EVERYONE IS FEARING TO SHOP THROUGH OFFLINE MODE , THOUGH , MAKING PURCHASES THROUGH ONLINE MODE IS TOO DANGEROUS , YOU DON’T KNOW HOW MANY HANDS HAVE TOUCHED IT BUT THEY TAKE CARE OF EVERY PRECAUTIONS THEY ARE TAKING AND WE ALL SHOULD ALSO SANITISE THE GIFTS DELVERED.

MARKETERS AND THE SERVICE INDUSTRIES ARE THE HAPPIEST , ONLINE STORES CATERING BASIC NECESSITIES ARE ON TOP AS IT IS HELPING IN SOCIAL DISTANCING .

BOOMERS , THE GENERATION FROM 1946 TO 1964 ARE PREFERING TO SHOP THE PRODUCTS ONLINE FROM THE ONLIINE STORES AND HAS RAISED THE CONSUMPTION DEMAND , FUND’S ROLLING HAS INCREASED IN THE ECONOMY .

THE GIANTS LIKE ZOMATO FOR FOOD , AMAZON FOR ALL THE COSUMERS PRODUCTS , FLIPKART , MYNTRA FOR YOUR WEARS , WHY I HAVE CALLED THEM AS GAINTS BECAUSE THEY ARE DELIVERING BEST SERVICES TO THE PEOPLE . SURVEY HAS SHOWED THAT THE SALES HAS INCREASED THROUGH ONLINE MODE COMPARING PRE LOCKDOWN . AMAZON IS THE BIGGEST GIANT AMONG ALL . I THINK NOW MARKETERS SHOULD FOCUS MORE ON SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING TO GAHTER MORE CUSTOMERS , THEY WERE DOING IT , BUT NOW IT HAS BECOME NECESSITY. MORE FOCUS SHOULD BE ON WEB DESIGNING , THEIR WEBSITE SHOULD BE DESIGNED IN SUCH A WAY THAT CUSTOMER’S FIRST GAZE AT IT MAKE THEM KNOW WHAT WE ARE CATERING . CATCHY LINES SHOULD BE USED TO MAKE THE CUSTOMERS MORE RELATABLE AND REDUCE THEIR STRESS.

LASTLY , BEFORE DEVOLOPING THE PRODUCT , A MARKETER SHOULD UNDERSTAND THE NEEDS OF THE CUSTOMERS AND WHAT THEY DEMAND , THEN DEVOLOP THE PRODUCT .IT WILL HYPE THE CUSTOMERS , THE SALES AND THE SERVICES , A TREAT FOR OUR ECONOMY RECOVERY .

A CHOCOLATE FOR OUR ECONOMY ! !

ONLINE CLASSES : ONLY CONS

Those were the days when we all used to go to the college or schools through metro and bus , tasting every corner of the life . That happiness of chasing the bus just because we are getting late for the classes , still get late in the class . The adventure of travelling with sudden jolts in the bus has another important role in our journey . we used to go to college , meet and greet with our friends , enjoy and work on ourselves by participating in diffrent societies , physically . A wonderfull journey , it is . But , this covid -19 has ruined all the plans and everything has transformed from offline mode to online mode . At first , we all were excited to study through online classes as we are relieved from our hectic schedule and can do work just by sitting at home . But , it is not like that , rather it has increased more stress and anxiety in us , which is not good for our health.

The online mode is making us sit in front of our phone and laptop early in the morning as everything is work from home. Anxiety has increased among the people of every age and we have become lazy , a bad news it is . It is impacting on our eyes and causing us headache . We have to bow down in front of this situation as its about our life . It is giving us back aches . In my opinion , yes it is a smart move in this time but a reliable move .

The work is easy for teachers as they teach us using PPT’s and our doubts remained uncleared . Earlier , teachers were not used to put efforts and take the classes regularly , but , now classes are also happening regularly as it is really easy for them , not much efforts required for them to put in . The classes are not fruitful for us , as it is creating blur in our minds for most of the topics . On the other hand , the situation demands this kind of studying , at least we are studying.

I pray for the situation to get normal as soon as possible so that we can study they way we used to , with much more clarity.

College and University Admissions 2020

Students are very worried about their careers as all admission procedures have been delayed due to the Coronavirus pandemic. Many have expressed concerns over the delay and cancellation of exams for they might lose an academic year. Final year students are suffering the worst. Many students of intermediate years in have started their classes in online mode for now.  

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Delhi University has scheduled its entrance tests for admission to 10 undergraduate and 86 masters and MPhil/PhD programmes from the 6th of September. The exams will be computer based and will be conducted by the National Testing Agency. They will take place from September 6th to 11th in three slots from 8 am. There will be 24 centers across the country. 1.47 lakh students have applied to the masters courses, and 21,699 students have applied for MPhil and PhD programmes. The undergraduate course entrance tests will be held for 3 management courses, journalism, education and a few specialised disciplines. 

Students are also worried about sitting for exams in this condition. There is the issue of social distancing and also wearing a mask, gloves and shield the entire time while appearing for an exam is quite taxing. The centres are located in specific cities so there is also an issue about travel restrictions and hotel accomodation. Some exam dates have also coincided with others as DU’s joint admission test for management courses and Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) is supposed to take place on the same day that is September 7. There is another problem about the masters aspirants as most of them have still not finished with their final year exams and yet to receive the degree. Students are waiting for the University to make an announcement and provide some clarification regarding the issue. JNUSU president Aishee Ghosh has expressed concern over the issue of students who are badly affected by floods and the pandemic. Many of them might not be in a position to appear for these exams in a specific centre.  

Jamia Milia Islamia has extended the dates of application for admission. The last date to fill the online application form has been extended to September 14. Students seeking admissions in any undergraduate course at the university can apply at the official website of the university. The applications for admissions under the sports category will end on September 16. This is applicable for students who play sports at the national, state, regional or university levels. Under the sports quota, students will be enrolled in both undergraduate and postgraduate courses. Sports including boxing, badminton, athletics, cricket, hockey, shooting, football, tennis, table tennis, volleyball, and wrestling will be accepted for the courses. 

The Jamia Milia Islamia University has been ranked first among the top central universities across India. Over 21,000 students are enrolled across 270 programmes in Jamia. This year, it has introduced several new courses including two MTech programmes, two MSc, and one MLib course. Among the undergraduate courses there are – BSc aeronautics, four BVov courses, diploma in hospitality management, and three postgraduate diploma courses including entrepreneurship, innovation and design thinking.  

New sessions across colleges and universities have all been postponed due to the Covid 19 pandemic. The application deadline has been extended for almost all courses including free UPSC tutoring classes that are conducted to support candidates belonging to minorities, SC, ST community, and women as well as NRI admissions.  

MBA Degree Not Equivalent To PG Degree/Diploma In Human Resource Management

Just recently, a three Judge Bench of the Supreme Court in North Delhi Municipal Corporation Vs Kavinder and Others in Civil Appeal No. 232 of 2020 delivered on July 21, 2020 has observed that Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree is not equivalent to a post graduate degree or diploma in Social Work, Labour Welfare, Industrial Relations or Personnel Management. What can be surmised from this is what the top court held so clearly and convincingly in this very case that, “Tribunal was manifestly in error in holding that the candidate was qualified merely because he studied two subjects as a part of his MBA degree programme.” Very rightly so!  

                                        To start with, Dr Dhananjaya Y Chandrachud who authored this noteworthy judgment for himself, Justice Indu Malhotra and Justice KM Joseph of the Supreme Court sets the ball rolling by first and foremost observing in para 1 that, “The appeal arises from a judgment and order of the Division Bench of the High Court of Delhi dated 29 November 2016. The High Court has, in exercise of its jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution, affirmed a judgment and order of the Central Administrative Tribunal at its Principal Bench at New Delhi, by which the first respondent was held to be qualified for appointment to the post of Labour Welfare Superintendent.”

                                 While elaborating on the posts advertised, it is then stipulated in para 2 that, “An advertisement was issued for inviting applications for various posts in the Municipal Corporation of Delhi on a competitive basis. Among the posts that were advertised was that of a Labour Welfare Superintendent in the Municipal Corporation.. The qualification and experience required for the post were prescribed as follows:-

               “Essential Qualifications:

(1)         Degree of a recognized University or Equivalent.

(2)         Experience in the field in responsible capacity of Labour Welfare/Industrial Relations/Personnel Management and/or in allied fields.””    

                                         To put things in perspective, it is then envisaged in para 3 that, “The selection process was conducted by the Delhi Subordinate Services Selection Board by way of written examinations. Even after the candidate had appeared for the examinations, the Board or the appellant retained the authority to cancel their candidature during the recruitment process, if she/he failed to meet the said eligibility criteria. The first respondent applied for the post and appeared in the examination conducted by the Board. He was provisionally short-listed for the Part II examination upon the declaration of the results of the Part I objective examination. He was, however, declared not to be eligible for selection.”

                                          As a corollary, what followed next is then  stated in para 4 that, “Aggrieved by his non-selection, the first respondent moved the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) contending that he fulfilled the eligibility requirements. The Tribunal, by its judgment and order dated 20 May 2016, came to the conclusion that the first respondent fulfilled the conditions of eligibility. The first respondent holds a B.Sc. degree from Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak and thus, satisfied the first condition of eligibility. With regard to the second condition, the Tribunal noted that the first respondent did not claim to have a degree or diploma in Social Work or Labour Welfare, but that as a student of the MBA degree programme of Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, he had studied certain subjects which had a bearing on the eligibility requirements. Accepting the contention of the first respondent, the Tribunal held that he had studied Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations in the course of the MBA degree programme. It was on this basis that the first respondent was held to be eligible and having passed the competitive examination, a discretion was issued for his appointment to the post. This order of the Tribunal has been affirmed by the Division Bench of the High Court of Delhi while rejecting a writ petition instituted by the appellant.”    

                                             To be sure, it is then enunciated in para 5 is that, “The issue which falls for determination in the appeal is whether the first respondent fulfills the requirements of eligibility. The advertisement issued by the appellant specifies that the essential qualifications would consist of (i) a degree of a recognized University or equivalent; (ii) a post graduate degree/diploma in Social Work, Labour Welfare, Industrial Relations or Personnel Management or in any other allied subject of a recognized University/Institution or equivalent.”

                                           After hearing both the sides, the Bench then, more significantly, goes on to add in para 8 that, “While assessing merits of the rival contentions, we must at the outset have due regard to the basis which has been adopted by the first respondent in support of his contention that he fulfills the eligibility requirements. The categoric position of the first respondent is that during the course of the MBA degree programme, he had studied the subjects of Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations and Labour Legislation. Having regard to this position, the issue which falls for determination is whether this would lead the Court to the conclusion that the first respondent fulfills the eligibility requirements. The eligibility requirements stipulated in the advertisement are that the candidate must have a post graduate degree or diploma in (i) Social Work; or (ii) Labour Welfare; or (iii) Industrial Relations; or (iv) Personnel Management; or (v) in any other allied subject of a recognized University/institution or equivalent.”   

                                       Most significantly, it is then made absolutely clear in para 9 that, “The first respondent completed the MBA degree programme from Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak. The mark sheets which have been relied upon by the first respondent indicate that during the course of the second semester, he studied Human Resource Management as a subject. In the fourth semester, the first respondent had a course in Industrial Relations and Labour Legislation. Studying these two subjects would not lead to the conclusion that the first respondent holds a post graduate degree or diploma in the disciplines which have been specifically spelt out in the advertisement or in any allied subject. The MBA degree cannot be regarded as allied to a post graduate or diploma in Social Work, Labour Welfare, Industrial Relations or Personnel Management. The recruitment was being made to the service of the appellant. The advertisement did not specifically provide how equivalence was to be established between a postgraduate degree/diploma in the subjects specified in the advertisement and a post graduate degree/diploma in an allied subject. The appellant as an employer was best suited to judge whether the degree of the first respondent was in an allied subject. Unless this assessment was perverse or contrary to the requirement prescribed, the Tribunal had no reason to interfere. We are of the view that the Tribunal was manifestly in error in holding that the first respondent was qualified merely because he studied two subjects as a part of his MBA degree programme, namely, Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations and Labour Legislation. The High Court has simply affirmed the view of the Tribunal.”

                                     Finally, we then see that it is held in the last para 10 that, “For the above reasons, we are of the view that the findings which have  been arrived at by the Tribunal and affirmed by the High Court are erroneous. We accordingly allow the appeal and set aside the impugned judgment and order of the High Court dated 29 November 2016. In consequence, OA No 1492 of 2013 filed by the first respondent before the Central Administrative Tribunal shall stand dismissed. However, in the circumstances of the case, there shall be no order as to costs.”

                                          In conclusion, the three Judge Bench of the Apex Court has made it amply clear in this latest, landmark and laudable judgment that the Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree is not equivalent to a post graduate degree or diploma in Social Work, Labour Welfare, Industrial Relations or Personnel Management. It also minced just no words to convey in simple, suave and straight language that, ““Tribunal was manifestly in error in holding that the candidate was qualified merely because he studied two subjects as a part of his MBA degree programme.” Very rightly so!     

Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,

s/o Col BPS Sirohi,

A 82, Defence Enclave,

Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,

Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh.

Not Admit ‘General Category’ Candidate To ‘Sponsored Category’ Vacancy

In a latest, landmark and laudable judgment titled “Nipun Sharma vs Post Graduation Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12 Chandigarh through its Director” in Civil Writ Petition No. 10684 of 2020 (O&M) delivered just recently on August 14, 2020, the Punjab and Haryana High Court unequivocally upheld the Medical College’s righteous decision to not admit the ‘general category’ candidate to ‘sponsored category’ vacancy. The two Judge Bench of Punjab and Harayana High Court comprising of Justice Rajeev Sharma and Justice Harinder Singh Sidhu were hearing this case. Justice Harinder Singh Sidhu authored the judgment for himself and Justice Rajeev Sharma.

                                          To start with, it is first and foremost pointed out in para 1 that, “This writ petition has been filed for issuance of writ, order or direction for reading down condition 7(3)(g) as contained in the Prospectus for Session July, 2020 issued by respondent – PGIMER for admission to DM/M.Ch. Courses, wherein it has been provided that no request for change of category applied for shall be entertained after submission of application to the extent that in case no eligible candidate is available under the ‘Sponsored Category’, then eligible candidate if available, under ‘General Category’ be considered and granted admission to the course of Master of Surgery (M.Ch.) (Plastic Surgery) on fulfilling the requisite eligibility conditions.”

                                           What follows next is stated in para 2 that, “Further prayer has been made for setting aside the action of respondent in not considering the candidature of petitioner for said course against vacant seat available under ‘Sponsored Category’ in view of fact that petitioner had applied for direct category.”

                                     To put it succinctly, para 3 then states that, “It is also prayed that the NOC/Sponsorship Certificate (Annexure-P6) issued in favour of petitioner by Department of Health and Family Welfare, Himachal Pradesh be accepted.”

                             In hindsight, while dwelling on the petitioner’s past academic background, it is then put forth in para 4 that, “The petitioner secured admission in MBBS Course at Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital at Shimla (2006-2012) and served in rural area after appointment in 2013 for a total period of 2 ½ years. He was selected for Post Graduate Course in General Surgery in 2017 as a sponsored candidate (2017 to 2019) in PGIMER, Chandigarh and secured 2nd rank in Post Graduation final examination. After completing his Post Graduation successfully with the respondent institution he joined back as a Medical Officer in Deendayal Upadhyay Zonal Hospital, Shimla. Thereafter, the petitioner with an aim to study further and super specialize in the field of Plastic Surgery decided to get admission in the Master of Surgery (M.Ch.) (Plastic Surgery).”

                                               To be sure, it is then envisaged in para 5 that, “As per the Prospectus for the Session July 2020 in the PGIMER for securing admission in Post Graduation or Super Speciality Course i.e. M.Ch., two categories have been provided i.e. (a) General category and (b) Sponsored Category. In ‘General Category’, a candidate can apply directly i.e. without seeking permission of any State authority directly whereas in the ‘Sponsored Category’ only that candidate can apply, who is sponsored by the State Government with which he or she is employed. The sponsorship so made by the State Government is also in the nature of a No Objection Certificate whereby a candidate is authorized by the State Government to do a Super Specialty Course with an undertaking to serve the State Government for a specified period.”   

                                            Coming to the chief grievance of the petitioner, it is henceforth stated in para 11 that, “Thus the grievance of the petitioner is that despite there being no other eligible candidate available till date, the candidature of the petitioner, who applied under the ‘General Category’, is not being considered under the ‘Sponsored Category’. In case, the respondent-institution accepts the candidature of the petitioner then not only the petitioner would secure admission in the super specialty course of M.Ch. (Plastic Surgery) but the vacant seat will also get utilized and would not be left vacant.”   

                                      As a corollary, it is then further stated in para 12 that, “It was also pleaded by the petitioner that two candidates Dr. Lucky Kumar and Dr. Ashok Garg, who hail from Himachal Pradesh had applied for admission in M.Ch. in Cardiology and Neonatology respectively with respondent. Those candidate also secured their NOC cum Sponsorship certificate after the declaration of the result. They have been granted admission and their NOC cum Sponsorship certificate has been duly accepted. Thus the petitioner has been discriminated against.” 

                                          What cannot be left unnoticed is what is then stated in para 14 that, “It has been stated that as per clause 7 (3)(g) of the Prospectus:

“No request for a change of category applied for shall be entertained after the submission of the application”.

Since, Petitioner applied under ‘General Category’, therefore his request for grant of admission on the vacant seat under ‘Sponsored Category’ cannot be considered.”

                                         Having said this, it is then observed in para 20 that, “The examination for admission to the M.Ch. Plastic surgery course was held on 21.06.2020. The result was declared on 26.05.2020. On 30.06.2020 the institute vide notice dated 30.06.2020 uploaded a tentative list of selected candidates wherein petitioner was shown at Waiting list No. 1 in the Direct Category. The petitioner was given the NOC/Sponsorship Certificate on 08.07.2020. Clearly as per condition 7(3)(g) of the Prospectus the request for change of category from ‘General’ to ‘Sponsored’ could not be entertained at a stage when even the result have been declared in view of Clause 7(3)(g) of the Prospectus.”

                                      While adding further weight to its ruling, the Bench then observes in para 21 that, “It has been consistently held in different Full Bench decisions of this Court that prospectus has a force of law and is to be strictly followed. Reference can be made to Amardeep Singh Sahota v. State of Punjab 1993 (4) S.C.T. 328, Raj Singh v. Maharishi Dayanand University 1994 (2) S.C.T. 766, Sachin Gaur v. Punjabi University 1996 (1) S.C.T. 837, Rahul Prabhakar v. Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar 1997 (3) S.C.T. 526, Indu Gupta v. Director of Sports, Punjab 1999 (4) S.C.T. 113 and Rupinder Singh v. The Punjab State Board of Technical Education & Industrial Training, Chandigarh 2001 (2) S.C.T. 726.”

                                            To put things in perspective, it is then noted in para 23 that, “This being the settled legal position the respondent-institution is right in strictly adhering to condition 7(3)(g) of the Prospectus and not entertaining the request of the petitioner for change of category after the last date of application and granting him admission against the vacant seat in the sponsored category.”

                                        As it ostensibly turned out, the Bench then also clearly and convincingly holds in para 24 that, “The contention of the Ld. Counsel that provision 7(3)(g) be read down to the extent that in case no eligible candidate is available under the ‘Sponsored Category’, then eligible candidate, if available, under ‘General Category’ be considered and granted admission to the course of Master of Surgery (M.Ch.) (Plastic Surgery) on fulfilling the requisite eligible conditions also is not tenable.”

                                    No wonder, it is then rightly held in para 27 that, “The respondent-institution in its reply has given valid reasons as to why such a provision has been incorporated and any deviation from it would create an untenable and uncertain situation.” Finally, it is then held in the last para 28 that, “Accordingly, there is no merit in the petition and the same is dismissed.”

                                         In conclusion, the two Judge Bench of the Punjab and Haryana High Court comprising of Justice Rajeev Sharma and Justice Harinder Singh Sidhu  in this notable judgment has clearly and convincingly for cogent reasons explained above has rightly rejected the contention of the petitioner! The arguments forwarded by the petitioner were found to be not tenable by the Chandigarh High Court. The Court also made it amply clear that the respondent-institution is right in strictly adhering to condition 7(3)(g) of the Prospectus and not entertaining the request of the petitioner for change of category after the last date of application and granting him admission against the vacant seat in the sponsored category! Very rightly so!

Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,

s/o Col BPS Sirohi,

A 82, Defence Enclave,

Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,

Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh.

GDC, Jindrah in collaboration with Jammu and Kashmir Forest department organised plantation drive

GDC, Jindrah in collaboration with Jammu and Kashmir Forest department has organised plantation drive . The NSS Unit of the college directed by Prof Raj Shree Dhar , Principal of the college along with NSS volunteers has organised plantation drive  in  the new college premises on 21/8/2020 . The plantation drive carried out by  Ajay Choudhary block officer Jindrah, Prof Dr. Sunil Dutt Sharma Head of the Department NSS,  Sh. Sham Singh, Shadi Lal,  Sh Nityanand, Sh Darshan Lal, Sh Anil Sharna. NSS volunteers includes Ms Chakshu Sharma and Ms Monika Jamwal.

The Army has initiated a tree plantation drive here, involving students of local schools and colleges, as part of ‘Green Earth – Clean Earth’ campaign, a defence spokesperson said.

students of local schools and colleges were also incorporated in the drive and were motivated to plant trees to save the environment.

In order to ensure that the saplings survive, their ownership is being entrusted to the individuals planting them.

8 Good Habits to Develop

Habits are a necessary part of our life. Most of us develop many habits throughout our lives. Although it may seem small or trivial habits can influence a person’s life in many ways. Some can lead to drastic changes in life over a period of many years while some can lead to changes in a month. Good habits can make one transform their lives with time and help to achieve new heights. While bad habits may slowly lead to reduction in the quality of one’s life. The following list features some of the habits you can develop in order to become a better person and achieve success in life.

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  • Maintaining a journal – Writing a diary or a journal is a very helpful practice for self-growth. It also helps you to improve your writing skills. Jotting down your thoughts or even writing about your daily life can be a simple yet helpful practice. It helps you to form the habit of gathering your thoughts and expressing yourself. Years after when you go through that journal it makes you realise how far you’ve come and also revisiting the past and engaging with memories is something which we all like to do once in a while.
  • Setting up a routine – Humans like to go about their day in an orderly manner. No matter what profession you take maintaining routine and order is something which is necessary for all. Setting a routine beforehand also helps you to have a look at your tasks and helps you complete them. You can also try and make a to-do list which is extremely effective for completing tasks.
  • Reduce procrastinating – Procrastination is a habit most of us have. Leaving our work for the last minute is a very common practice. Reducing procrastination can lead you to slowly move away from it and make you more punctual.
  • Reading habit – Reading a book everyday for even as little as half an hour can work wonders for your life. Books help you build vocabulary and helps you gain knowledge. It also makes you a better writer and story teller. People who have a habit of reading books from a very early age are found to have better memorisation capacity.
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  • Exercise – Exercising often is a very healthy habit and helps to maintain a healthy mind and body. Doing simple exercises or yoga will also secrete hormones or endorphins which will boost your mental outlook and help you have a good mood. Exercises will result in a better posture too.
  • Meditate – Meditating for a while helps us to calm our minds. There is no fixed rule as to how one should meditate. One can just sit and close their eyes for some time or follow a meditation guideline. According to some studies, painting or colouring simple shapes and patterns can also act as a form of meditation.
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  • Gardening – You need not know a lot about gardening. A small cactus near your desk or a simple flower plant can do magic. Watering them and taking care of them will help you make some time for yourself in a hectic or busy schedule. Plants can help you exercise the idea of effort. It helps you build patience and improves your life.
  • Smile – Having a positive outlook towards everything is a secret to having a happy and better life. A smile can help you brighten your day and maintain a positive relationship with people around you.

MARKETING PHILOSOPHIES

MOST OF US ARE FASCINATED TOWARDS SPORT WEARS , AS THEIR IS PHYSCHOLOGICAL PERCEPTION THAT IT MAKES US LOOK COOL AND BUILDS OUR PERSONALITY . WE FEEL THE DISTINCT VIBE ALTOGETHER . IF I LIST OUT THE BRANDS DELIVERING THE SPORT WEARS , THE LIST IS ENDLESS , STARTING FROM REEEBOK TO SKETCHERS AND THE LIST GOES ON . THE COMPETITION IS VERY TOUGH IN THIS MARKET , AS THE PRODUCTS ARE SUBSITUTE TO EACH OTHER , THE DIFFRENTIATION CAN ONLY BE MADE IN THEIR PRICES AND QUALITY . WE USUALLY BUY THE PRODUCT ONLY IF WE ARE SATISFIED WITH IT . SO , TO SATISFY THE CUSTOMERS , TO BUILD PROFITABLE RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE CUSTOMERS , TO UNDERSTAND THE NEEDS OF THE CUSTOMERS AND DEVOLOP THE PRODUCT , MARKETERS USE THE MARKETING PHILOSOPHIES AND DESIGN MARKETING STRATEGIES TO ENGAGE THE TARGET MARKET.

FIVE CONCEPTS

THE PRODUCTION CONCEPT

IN THIS CONCEPT , THE MAIN FOCUS OF THE MARKETER IS TO INCREASE THE VOLUME OF PRODUCTION AND ITS DISTRIBUTION TO THE CUSTOMERS. IT IS ASSUMED BY THE MARKETERS THAT THE PRODUCTS ARE AVAILABLE AND HIGHLY AFFORDABLE. THE ELEMENTS ARE LOW COST , HIGH PRODUCTION AND MASS DISTRIBUTION.

TAKING THE EXAMPLE OF REEBOK , IT IS SPORT COMPANY HAVING WIDE REACH TO THE CUSTOMERS AND TARGETING ALMOST ALL THE INCOME GROUPS IN THE COUNTRY. THE PRODUCTS ARE ALSO CHEAPER TO BUY COMPARED TO OTHER BRANDS OF SAME LINE.

THE PRODUCT CONCEPT

IN THIS CONCEPT , THE MAIN FOCUS OF THE MARKETER IS TO DEVOLOP THE PRODUCT INNOVATIVELY. THIS STRATEGY FAVOURS THE CUSTOMERS BY AIMING TO OFFER THE BEST PRODUCT QUALITY , PERFORMANCE AND ITS FEATURES. THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF THIS CONCEPT ARE PRODUCT INNOVATION AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION.

TAKING THE EXAMPLE OF SKETCHERS , THEIR SHOES , TROUSERS , TEES AND PANTS ARE DIFFRENT FROM OTHER BRANDS. THEIR SHOES ARE FASHIONABLE , CAN BE WEARED IN ANY OCCASSIONS , EVEN FOR COLLEGE. THEY LOOK COOL AND CLASSY. THERE ARE VARIETIES OF COLORS IN PANTS AND TROUSERS WITH LOOSE POCKETS , GIVING IT A ROYAL WEAR LOOK.

THE SELLING CONCEPT

IN THIS CONCEPT , THE MARKETERS MAINLY FOCUS ON INCREASING THE VOLUMES OF SALES WITH STRONG SALES PROMOTION. THE CUSTOMERS CAN ONLY BUY THE PRODUCT IF IT’S IMAGE IS CREATED IN THEIR MINDS WHICH CAN ONLY BE DONE THROUGH RIGOROUS SALES PROMOTION.

I MOST OF THE BUSINESSES USE THIS SO AS TO GAIN SALES . ALSO , NOT EVERY GOOD IS CONSUMED BY THE CUSTOMERS . THIS IS THE BEST STRATEGY TO IMPLEMENT THE SALES OF PRODUCT , NOT IN THE INTRESTS OF BUYERS , FOR INSTANCE , BLOOD DONATIONS , LIFE INSURANCE ETC.

THE MARKETING CONCEPT

IN THIS CONCEPT , THE MAIN FOCUS OF THE MARKETER IS THE ACHEIVEMENT IN THE ORGANSATIONAL GOALS . THE PRIORITY OF THE ENTERPRISES FOLLOWING THIS STRATEGY IS TO UNDERSTAND THE NEEDS OF THE CUSTOMERS , WANTS OF THEIR TARGET MARKET IS WHAT THE ORGANISATIONAL GOALS DEPENDS UPON.IT IS NOT A PRODUCT CENTRED PHILOSOPHY THAT IS MAKE AND SELL PHILOSOPHY . BUT , A CONSUMER CENTRED STRATEGY , SENSE AND RESPOND PHILOSOPHY . THE IDEA BEHIND IS NOT TO FIND RIGHT CUSTOMERS FOR THEIR PRODUCTS BUT TO DEVOLOP RIGHT PRODUCT FOR THE CUSTOMERS.

THE SOCIETAL MARKETING CONCEPT

IN THIS CONCEPT , THE MAIN FOCUS OF THE MARKETER IS THE LONG TERM PROFITS AND LONG TERM SATISFACTION OF THE CUSTOMERS. THIS CONCPT HOLDS THE STRATEGY TO DELIVER VALUE PRODUCTS TO THE CUSTOMERS FOR LONG TERM TO EARN LONG TERM PROFITS . AND IMPROVES BOTH CUSTOMER’s AND SOCIETY’s WELL BEING . BASICALLY , IT IS TO SELL THE PRODUCT TO SATISFY THE CUSTOMERS AND WITH A STRONG MESSAGE TO BRING CHANGE IN THE SOCIETY.

IT IS CALLED AS SUSTAINABLE MARKETING , SOCIALLY AND ENVIROMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE MARKETING .

The Joys of Volunteering

Volunteering is a voluntary act of an individual of doing some work for the society as community service. It may include different forms of work. Some volunteers are specially trained in a particular field while some offer to help and join hands for a good cause freely. Volunteering has different sectors like medical, disaster management, education and upliftment of community. There are several NGOs and organisations which offer volunteering opportunities.

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It can help you to make new friends, advance your career, and feel better. Taking some time out of our busy schedules and finding time for volunteering can be difficult for some of us. But you can start small for the sake of trying it out. Volunteering lets you help and reach out to people from different backgrounds and create social change in your own little way. It provides vital help to individuals and gives you a chance to make lives better. Surely it makes people’s lives better but it gives you greater benefits. Give a little time to volunteering and you will get a lot in return!

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It helps you feel happier and healthier. Once you start volunteering, you will meet a lot of new people from different communities. Working with underprivileged communities makes us more aware of our surroundings and feel grateful about our own lives. Also, when you start doing something new it gives you a fresh start and brightens your mood. Most of us love doing new things. Volunteering will also help you spend some quality time outside of work. It will bring both fun and fulfillment to your life. It will help you combat better with issues of mental health like depression and anxiety. It will also improve your mood and give you immense joy. Seeing the smile on the face of a child will surely brighten your day.

You will meet a lot of new people. Your fellow volunteers will either be from similar fields as yours, which will definitely be a positive side or they will be from completely different walks of life giving you a chance to know about a lot of new things. If you are a person who struggles with making new friends, it is a great opportunity for you to start new friendships. Once you start working as a team with others, you will share your ideas and share responsibilities for carrying out a task. While working and planning together it is most likely that you will become great friends. This will also make you a more social person and increase your communication skills. Volunteering helps you to network with a lot of people. Especially if your career path values societal issues, it will be really helpful for you to meet important people and make connections.

Lastly it will help you enhance your career prospects. Almost all companies or educational institutions value a volunteering experience. They will be glad to know that you have been a part of something so meaningful. Volunteering increases your chances of getting selected and helps you improve your resume. It will also give you experience of working with a team and make you a more empathetic and responsible person.

The Psychological Connection to Hobbies

Most of us have had a childhood interest or a hobby which was our favourite pastime. With not much to do all day, we would spend our time engaging in different unique and creative activities. Not only saving us from boredom, these hobbies have provided us with lot of benefits and shaped us into becoming what we are today.

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Almost everyone had a favourite pastime activity which would keep us busy in our childhood. Starting from painting, doodling to collecting stamps, pebbles, train tickets and what not. When asked about their hobbies many people were found to narrate happy tales of their childhood. In today’s busy world where it is difficult to even take a day off from work, we tend to lose touch with our creative sides. Thinking about our childhood days makes us realise how long it had been since these hobbies were a part of our lives. Sports, music, crafts have all been pushed aside in adulthood by our busy schedules and responsibilities. In the midst of all these we have not realised how important these had been in shaping us and how amazing it would be to revisit these days by going back to those hobbies.

As children we had many different ways to spend our times. Some of us were into painting and crafts, some were into musical instruments, while some had the interesting habit of collecting stuffs. All these hobbies seem simple but studies show that there is a lot more to it.

There’s a lot of factual information about the importance of art in a child’s development. Researches show that individuals who have been into art and crafts in their childhood are found to be more expressive and have better communication skills. Experimenting with art makes children open to broader ideas and help them handle unexpected situations with ease.

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Collecting is believed to be a psychological impulse. Collection is a historical practice and it ranges from stamps, books, tickets, coins to leaves and pebbles. People maintain the habit of collecting due to various reasons. Some collect due to an interest in the things that the collections represent, while others view collection as a pleasurable form of owning something. The different aspects attached with it makes the psychology behind it so interesting. It has been known that individuals who had the habit of collecting grow up to be careerist individuals in future. As the saying goes “An individual’s childhood is reflection of their life”. Collectors are also known to make better social connections and more friendships.

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Individuals engaging with music from a very young age tend to enjoy musical instruments. Engaging with music makes us happy and lifts our spirits. Studies show that music improve our brain functions and it keeps the brain active. It has also been known that music helps in retaining information and develops memory. Children who have had such hobbies grow up to be smart individuals.

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Few years back, Google had encouraged its employees to devote 20 percent of their time to side projects of their interest. It was a very innovative decision on the part of the company and it yielded amazing results. It has been known that following this, employees have performed more productively in their work and have achieved more. There are innumerable ways in which hobbies help in one’s overall growth and development. Most of us have lost touch with these but we can surely try and revive those habits. In fact, discovering childhood hobbies can make our lives better and make us happier. It feels amazing to revive those countless memories we have with an instrument or a habit. This will also help us become more productive in our work. Investing one’s time in areas of interest alongside their career can yield incredible results and, in the process, will make us better individuals with a more holistic outlook towards life.

NOT 4 P’s !, 7 P’s IN MARKETING MIX

WE ALL HAVE STUDIED THE DEFINITION OF MARKETING WHICH IS DEFINED AS ENGAGING CUSTOMERS BY UNDERSTANDING THEIR NEEDS AND MANTAINING PROFITABLE RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE CUSTOMERS . THE TWO MAIN OBJECTIVES OF MARKETING IS TO ATTRACT NEW CYUSTOMERS BY PROMOSING SUPERIOR VALUES AND TO MANTAIN GOOD TIES WITH CUSTOMERS BY DELIVERING VALUE AND SATISFACTION .

IF YOU HAVE GAINED KNOWLEDGE , IT WILL ONLY BE SUCCESSFUL WHEN YOU WILL UTILISE IT IN A GOOD WAY AND TO UTILISE IT , YOU NEED WEAPONS . SO , MARKETING HAS ITS OWN TOOLS , USED BY THE FIRMS TO FUNCTIONS THE MARKETING IN THE FORM OF MARKETING MIX . MARKETING MIX IS THE SET OF MARKETING TOOLS , COMBINE TOGETHER TO ENGAGE CUSTOMERS , TO SATISFY CUSTOMER NEEDS AND BUILD CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. IT HELPS MARKETERS TO EXECUTE THEIR PLANS EFFECTIVELY AND EFFICIENTLY . THE 4 P’s OF THE MARKETING WHICH WE HAVE STUDIED IN CLASS 11th AND 12th STANDARD.

4 P’s ARE :

  • PRODUCT
  • PRICE
  • PLACE
  • PROMOTION

EXTENDED P’s OF MARKETING MIX :

  • PEOPLE
  • PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
  • PROCESSES

IN TOTAL , THE TOOLS OF MARKETING MIX ARE SEVEN , LET’s SEE EACH IN LITTLE DETAIL.

PRODUCT

PRODUCT IS DEFINED AS THE BUNDLE OF UTILITIES CREATED BY THE MARKETER ACCORDING TO THE NEEDS OF THE CUSTOMERS , ENSURING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION.

  • IT IS CREATED IN VARIETIES BY THE MARKETERS TO GIVE CUSTOMERS OPTIONS TO CHOOSE .
  • ALONG WITH IT, ENSURES THAT THE QUALITY IS UP TO THE CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS.
  • SUPPORTING IT WITH ATTRACTIVE FEATURES TO GAIN THE ATTENTION OF THEIR TARGET MARKET.
  • DESIGNING
  • THIS ONE IS THE MOST IMPORTANT AS MOST OF THE CUSTOMERS BUY THE PRODUCTS DUE TO PACKAGING . IT GIVES THE DETAILED INFORMATION IN BRIEF ABOUT THE PRODUCT . THE BUSINESSES ARE USING THE TECHNIQUE OF EXOTIC PACKAGING , TEMPTING THE CUSTOMERS TO BUY THROUGH IT.
  • BRAND NAME SHOULD BE CATCHY ENOUGH TO GET STUCK IN THE MINDS OF CUSTOMERS.
  • SIZE OF THE PRODUCT SHOULD BE DECIDED ACCORDING TO THE NEEDS OF THEIR TARGET MARKET.
  • SERVICES ARE MOST LOVED BY THE CUSTOMERS, THEY LOVE IN GETTING AFTER SALES SERVICES .IT INCREASES THEIR INTRESTS IN THAT PRODUCT.
  • RETURNS ARE THE FEEDBACK THAT COMPANY CAPTURES FROM THEIR CUSTOMERS ABOUT THE PRODUCT.

PRICE

PRICE IS THE MONETARY VALUE OF THE PRODUCT SET BY THE MARKETERS.

  • IT IS THE PRICE LISTED BY THE FIRM ON THE PRODUCT.
  • THE CUSTOMERS USUALLY EXPECT DISCOUNTS BY THE BUSINESSES , MAKING THEM BUILDING PROFITABLE RELATIONSHIPS.
  • ALLOWANCES
  • YOU ALL MUST HAVE COME ACROSS THE COUPONS AND CODES GIVEN BY THE COMPANIES TO AVAIL OFFERS AND DISCOUNTS ON THE PRODUCT .
  • PAYMENT MODE , IT CAN BE OFFLINE THAT IS CASH AND ONLINE MODE WHICH IS THE MOST PREFERABLE NOW A DAYS
  • CREDIT TERMS
  • PAYMENT PERIOD , A CERTAIN TIME PERIOD IS GIVEN TO MAKE THE PAYMENT ALONG WITH THE TIME LAPSE.
  • BUILDING
  • PRODUCT CANCELLATION , FOR EXAMPLE , MAKE MY TRIP HAS AVAILED THIS FACILITY TO CANCEL THEIR ORDER WITHOUT ANY CANCELLATION CHARGES.IT ATTRACTS THE CUSTOMERS , AS , IT IS HELPING THEM SAVING THEIR MONEY.

PLACE

PLACE THE LOCATION OF THE PRODUCT TO BE TRANSPORTED FROM THE PLACE OF ORIGIN TO THE PLACE OF DISTRIBUTION THAT IS TO THE CUSTOMERS . IT HAS PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN CORONA PANDEMIC.

  • THERE ARE CERTAIN CHANNELS THAT ARE USED TO TRANSPORT THE PRODUCTS .
  • THE LOCATIONS ARE ALEARDY LISTED TO THE CUSTOMERS TILL WHERE IT CAN BE DELIVERED.
  • THERE IS WIDE COVERAGE OF THE PRODUCT DUE TO THE EXISTENCE OF THIS P.
  • TRANSPORTATION IS DRIVING THE PRODUCT FROM THE PLACE OF PRODUCTION TO THE MARKET .
  • WAREHOUSING HELPS TO STORE THE PRODUCT AND KEEP IT SAFE.
  • ORDER TAKING , IN THIS FIRMS TAKE THE ORDERS AND DELIVER THE PRODUCTS TO THE CUSTOMERS.

PROMOTION

  • ADVERTISING IS USED TO CREATE THE IMAGE OF THE PRODUCT IN THE MINDS OF THE CUSTOMERS.
  • PERSONAL SELLING INVOLVES COMMUNICATING THE FEATURES OF THE PRODUCT TO CUSTOMERS FACE TO FACE , WHAT EXACTLY SALESMEN DO.
  • PBLICITY OF THE PRODUCT.
  • PUBLIC RELATIONS , PRODUCT SHOULD BE COHESIVE TO THE LIFE CUSTOMERS , TO MAKE IT A REAL CONNECT.
  • DIRECT MARKETING
  • BLOGS , WRITING ABOUT YOUR FIRM AND PROMOTE THE PRODUCT HTROUGH WEBSITES.
  • SOCIAL MEDIA
  • MARKETING

PEOPLE

  • FIRST AIM OF THE CUSTOMERS IS TO MAKE THEIR EMPLOYEES HAPPY THROUGH PERKS AND INCENTIVES.
  • TRAINING , CREATING TRAINING PROGRAMMES FOR THEIR GROWTH AND DEVOLOPMENT.
  • MOTIVATION , ENERGISE THEM BY APPRECIATING THEM WITH THE BEST EMPLOYEES CERTIFICATE AND GIVING THEM PROMOTIONS.
  • CONSUMER SATISFACTION
  • STAKEHOLDERS , ENSURING THE INVESTMENT AND SHARES , THEY ARE INJECTING.

PROCESSES

  • PROCEDURES , EVERY COMPANY DEFINES THEIR RULES AND REGULATION TO THE EMPLOYEES.
  • MECHANISMS
  • CREATIVITY , ENSURING TO INCREASE THE CREATIVE ABILITY OF THEIR EMPLOYEES.
  • MANTAINING DESCIPLINE
  • STRUCTURE , THE FOUBDATION OF THE ORGANISATION
  • ENCOURAGEMENT TO THEIR EMPLOYEES WITH POSITIVE AND FRIENDLY ENVIROMENT.
  • NEW IDEAS , DEVOLOPING AND DEVOLOPING THE EMPLOYEES TO GIVE INNOVATIVE IDEAS FOR THE COMPANY’s GROWTH.

PHYSICAL EVIDENCE

IT BASICALLY REFERS TO THE PHYSICAL ENVIROMENT OF THE BUSINESSES LIKE HOTELS , RESORTS ETC

  • MUSIC , PEOPLE LOVE TO ENJOY WHILE EATING FOOD AND MUSIC IS THE BEST WAY TO HAVE FUN.
  • LIGHTINING , IT IS HOW THE HOTELS OR RESTRAUNTS HAVE LIGHTINING ,HOW MUCH IT IS BEAUTIFULLY DECORATED .
  • DELIVERY EXPIRIENCE , HOW FAST AND GOOD THE SERVICE OF THE FOOD IS DONE BY THE WAITERS OF THAT RESTRAUNT.
  • CLEANLINESS
  • FRAGNANCE , ALL OF US WOULD LOVE TO DINE AT A PLACE OF ROSES.
  • DECOR , ATTRACTIVE INFRASTRUCTURES WHICH TEMPT THE CUSTOMERS TO VISIT.
  • ASTHETICS , ARE THE ADDICATES HOW THE WORKERS OF THE ORGANISATION ARE BEHAVING WITH THE CUSTOMERS.
  • AMBIENCE , THE MOST IMPORTANT , WHETHER YOU ARE ABLE TO CONNECT WITH THE ENVIROMENT OF THE RESTRAUNT / HOTEL OR NOT.

Music Therapy:A Novel Therapy

Did you ever feel that therapy involves talk by a psychologist and nothing else could come under the domain of therapy?If your answer is yes,Then you are wrong!!Well times have changed my reader~

Therapies have come a long way to incorporate other clinically approved methods such as animal assisted therapy,food therapy,aroma therapy etc.Music Therapy is one clinically developed program by psychologists to assist speedy healing of their clients.In this blog,the readers would be introduced to the world of Music therapy.So lets get started!

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WHAT IS MUSIC THERAPY?

Music Therapy is the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program.It is is an established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals. After assessing the strengths and needs of each client, the qualified music therapist provides the indicated treatment including creating, singing, moving to, and/or listening to music.

Through musical involvement in the therapeutic context, clients’ abilities are strengthened and transferred to other areas of their lives.This therapy also provides avenues for communication that can be helpful to those who find it difficult to express themselves in words. Research in music therapy supports its effectiveness in many areas especially emotional rehabilitation.

History

You all will be shocked to know that both world wars were the trigger that initiated the development of this therapy.During and after both World Wars, doctors and clinicians began to realize the powerful effects that music has on the healing process and requested that professional musicians be hired by the hospitals.This therapy first got officially recognized in the Michigan state university of the United States of America.Ultimately,The American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) was formed which focuses on creating more awareness about this wonderful therapy.

BENEFITS

Music therapy can benefit many individuals. The diverse nature of music means it can be applied in the treatment of concerns both physical and psychological.Since music can evoke positive emotions and improve brain health,Music therapy is said to manage and alleviate symptoms of mental health concern such as Depression, Mood issues,Anxiety,Schizophrenia,Substance abuse,Autism,Personality issues,Insomnia,Dementia etc.

In addition,Music therapy can improve the social,cognitive,emotional and motor functioning.This therapy was also effective in controlling patient’s situation in Alzheimer’s,Cancer and Hypertension.

Music therapy is frequently administered to reduce stress levels and pain perception of females in labor.This novel therapy has also been linked with improvements in self-esteem, self-concept, verbal communication, prosocial behavior, socialization skills, group cohesion, and coping skills.

Limitations

Even the most beautiful things have flaws,and so has music therapy.One of the major drawback is that this therapy cannot be used as a stand-alone therapy.The music therapy is also known as music assisted therapy implying it’s sole purpose is to assist the main therapy applied by the clinician on the client to produce fast results and relief.

Also,the music therapy like all other therapies is individualized.This is not a major drawback but should be kept in mind before going in for this option.All individuals are unique and so is their taste in music.Thus the therapist has to do additional tests to see which type of music and musical instrument works better for the client.

ALWAYS REMEMBER,WHERE WORDS FAIL,MUSIC SPEAKS…..

Thus in short we need to know that music therapy is a wonderful form of therapy which strengthens an individual and increases his/her quality of life.Choose Music for a better Life!

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Review of a research article

Article name:A Study of University Students’ Motivation and Its Relationship
with Their Academic Performance.

Student motivation is the element that leads students’ attitude towards learning process.God-gifted talents, best teachers and best schooling facilitate the academic performance and students’ motivation
is prerequisite for students’ accomplishment. This study attempts to identify the influence of students’
motivation on their academic performance.So come on research enthusiasts let’s look into the why,how and what of student motivation through this review!

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Purpose and sample

This outstanding Research article by Ali and colleagues has been published in the International Journal of Business and Management.This study attempts to identify the influence of students’ motivation on their academic performance.The sample consisted of 342 university students of different programs in various universities of Islamabad and Lahore, Pakistan.The students were asked about how motivated they are about their university experience and what really motivated them to study.

METHODOLOGY

The questionnaire was distributed among both male and female students. There were 82% male and 18% female students in the survey with an average age of 20 years.“The University Student Motivation and Satisfaction Questionnaire version 2″ (TUSMSQ2) instrument was developed by Neill (2004) to measure student’s motivation. TUSMSQ2 instrument contains 30-items.

WHAT WAS TESTED?

The questions measure both Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation of students. There were two intrinsic motivators; Self-exploration and Altruism and four extrinsic motivators;rejection of Alternative options, career and qualifications, Social enjoyment, and Social pressure in the questionnaire. The questions were based on five point Likert scale. For each item, students rated themselves on a scale of 1 to 5; 1 being “Very False”, towards, 5 being “Very True”

BASIS/THEORY OF THE STUDY

Motivation is state of mind that stimulates activities and human body actions.Student motivation is often separated into two types: Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.


Intrinsic motivation: A student is intrinsically motivated when he or she is motivated from within. Intrinsically motivated students keenly engage themselves in learning out of oddity, interest, or enjoyment, or in order to achieve their own scholarly and personal goals.Thus students with intrinsic motivation are more enthusiastic, self driven, challenging and feel pleasure in their studies.Intrinsically motivated students tend to prefer challenging tasks.

Extrinsic motivation: It is commonly viewed that extrinsically motivated student engages in learning
purely for attaining a reward or for avoiding some punishment.Extrinsic motivation means
to obtain some reward or avoid some punishment external to the activity itself such as grades, stickers or teacher approval.Students with extrinsic motivation try to drag themselves with academic assignments, feel compelled to learn, and always put minimal efforts to achieve maximum appreciations.

Results

The results indicate that academic performance amplifies between the ranges of 23 percent and 34 percent due to extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation.Also the comparisons of variables on
individual bases indicates that those students who adapt self-exploratory variable and altruism variable, rejection of alternative options variable tend to perform better, whereas student who adapt career and qualifications variable, social enjoyment variable and social pressure variable tend to perform less then expected.Also the study found positive and mutually causal relationship between student’s motivation and student’s academic performance. This relationship is reciprocal, meaning students who are more motivated perform better and student who perform better become more motivated.

implications

Any research article would be a waste without implications.This study helps in identifying the factors that will help educational thinkers to know students’ attitudes towards learning, what facilitates learning and what hinders in learning.Thus it will lead to better teaching methods and facilities to suit the student’s need thereby increasing their job competence.

So,this was a comprehensive review of a wonderful research article.Click the below button to read the article:

Link for article

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Motivation:Cause of all actions

Why have i written this blog?why are you reading this blog?Why do you eat?Why do you love?

The answer to all of these actions is MOTIVATION!Motivation is the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. It is what causes you to act, whether it is reading this article, getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge.So this blog will critically analyse the concept of motivation and help all of you to understand the reasons behind your actions.So lets get started!

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Motivation describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal. It is an urge to behave or act in a way that will satisfy certain conditions, such as wishes, desires, or goals. Older theories of motivation stated that rational thought and reason were the guiding factors in human motivation; however, psychologists now believe that motivation may be rooted in basic impulses to optimize well-being, minimize physical pain, and maximize pleasure.

Motivation involves the biological, emotional, social, and cognitive forces that activate behavior. In everyday usage, the term “motivation” is frequently used to describe why a person does something. It is the driving force behind human actions.

So lets analyse the mechanism of motivation

Drives and motives

Motivations are commonly separated into drives and motives.

Drives are primarily biological, like thirst, hunger, sleepiness, and the need to reproduce—all of which lead us to seek out and take part in certain activities. Drives are believed to originate within a person and may not require external stimuli to encourage behavior.

Motives, on the other hand, are primarily driven by social and psychological mechanisms, such as work, family, and relationships. They include factors like praise and approval.

INtrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Motivation can be intrinsic (arising from internal factors) or extrinsic (arising from external factors).

Intrinsic:arise from within the individual, such as doing a complicated crossword puzzle purely for the personal gratification of solving a problem.

Extrinsic:arise from outside of the individual and often involve rewards such as trophies, money, social recognition, or praise.

In reality, our motivations are often a mix of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and the nature of the mix can change over time.Sometimes, intrinsic motivation can diminish when extrinsic motivation is given—a process known as the overjustification effect. This can lead to extinguishing the intrinsic motivation and creating a dependence on extrinsic rewards for continued performance.

Motivation v/s emotion

While motivation and emotion can be intricately linked, they are two fundamentally different things. Motivation describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal; in contrast, an emotion is a subjective state of being that we often describe as a feeling. Emotion and motivation are linked in several ways: both influence behavior and can lead us to take action, and emotion itself can act as a motivator.

The need to understand motivation

So at the end of this article,lets see what is the use of understanding the concept of motivation.Understanding motivation can:

  • Help improve the efficiency of people as they work toward goals
  • Help people take action
  • Encourage people to engage in health-oriented behaviors
  • Help people avoid unhealthy or maladaptive behaviors such as risk-taking and addiction
  • Help people feel more in control of their lives
  • Improve overall well-being and happiness

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