Importance Of Financial Litracy for rural development.

Financial literacy and financial markets are rapidly changing,with developments in technology and new and more complex financial products.From different kind of loans to mortgages,the range of financial products people have to chose from has changes drastically from what it was in the past.the exponential hrwoth in fintech(financial technology) is revolutionizing the way people take financial decisions.Ability to effectively manage money and taking financial decisions in order to become financially self sustainable is known as financial literacy.

The OECD( organisation for economic cooperation and development)defines financial literacy not only as the knowledge of risks and management but also the skills.What does financial literacy involve:-From keeping tracks and understanding when to spend money how to spend money so that it does not have any negative impact on one’s life comes under financial literacy. Importance of financial literacy in a farmer’s life :- Financial literacy enables a farmer to develop a budgetary guide to distinguish what he owes,what he buys and what he spends.This can help them in becoming independent and self sufficient instead of debtors to banks or someone.

Understanding your money and knowing basic principles can prevent farmers from fraud as it will help them with foreseeing risks and argue with anyone learned and well informed.Hurdles in farmer’s way to achieve self sustainability :-Financial literacy can help farmers in many ways, but in india ,most of the farmers are illiterate who dont know how to read,never went to school hence they dont know basics things such as calculating interest adding amounts which plays a very big role in their lives.Because of lack of proper knowledge farmers usually become victims of fraud by money lenders.Money lenders charge a very hight amount of interest which is illegal but many farmers dont know that.Not only this there are many cases when a money lender charges money even though farmers have already paid it . There are many cases in india where farmers hang themselves to tree , burns themselves only because they get trapped in a debt trap and they dont know how to come out of it. There are cases like sanjeev bhatnagar vs union of india 2006, related to this matter but evern supreme court couldn’t do much then asking governments for reasons behind deaths and ordering them to take proper steps. So farmer have tk become self sustainable so that they can prevent themselves and their families from these.And to achieve this the only way is financial literacySolution :- Government should organise specialised programs at every panchayat where trained teachers can teach farmers about 1.Calculating interest to a given amount

2. Managing credit debit system

3. Different places from where they can get low interest loans

4.How to spend money and manage bills so that they dont have to face negative impacts.

5.Asset management. Risk managementThey can also teach them skills and how to apply them because there is no use of knowledge if you dont know how to apply it and where.With proper knowledge and understanding of credit debit system farmers can provide a major help in the growth of economy of india . No farmer will end up having a day with no food,no money or loss of thier land. This will be a concrete step towards the converting our developing nation into developed nation

Importance of education for rural India.

Importance of rural education in india
India is a country with a population of 135 crores.According to reports by world bank in 2020, 65 percent of indian population resides in rural areas.With such a huge population living in rural areas,rural education in india becomes important not only to eradicate poverty and illiteracy,but also for a variety of social ,economic as well as cultural and political reasons.
In 1947 when india became independent policy makers realized the importance of education.Education is considered as the most strong weapon to improve community development as well as initiate social alterations in the world.For a nation ,education in urban as well as rural areas plays a huge role in growth of country . Although education in urban areas of india has progressed rapidly , there are places where still education is not a priority.
It is mandatory for the government to teach people about the importance of education,about the benefits of education and why it should be enforced even in most remote places.

Benefits of education :-

  1. In political system of rural india,it is necessary for rural people to be educated so that they can understand the programs and principles in a much better way and hence elect worthy representatives.
  2. Villages in india plays major part in the economical growth of the country by producing agricultural, industrial as well as other goods.For this it is necessary to have an understanding of the global economy as it is the international price movement of goods which regulate their quantity and price.for that its important for rural masses to be educated.
  3. With time and introduction of modern gadgets culture is also advancing at a rapid rate. To handle and utilize the benefits of these advanced gadgets whether it is for agriculture or daily life education is a prequisite.For example,a rural farmer must be educated in order to learn how to use harvesters , fertilizers, threshers etc. Education can affect the intellectual life of people and make them contribute in the advancement of society.
  4. Indian constitution provides several rights and principles to citizen such as right to education,right to speak,right to information . To understand the significance and functioning of these right modern education becomes must.

Thus we can understand that rural education not only helps in the rural development but it helps in the overall progress and development of the nation.

Thus many steps were taken time to time in order to enhance level of education by the government.many programs were organised to enlighten the people,many schemes were launched in order to attract people of rural areas having low income .
Scheme launched by indian government :-

  1. Samagra shiksha is an scheme launched by indian government to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education
  2. Since the inception of erstwhile centrally sponsored scheme in 2001, 3.18 lakh school building,18.8 lakh additional classrooms,2.3 laks water facilities were constructed.
  3. Mid day meal was started to attract poor families and encourage them fo send their children to schools.
  4. Based on national achievement survey,2017 was conducted to identify and design strategies to reduce the gaps. 5.section of 23(2) of the RTE Act has been amended to extend the period of untrained in-service elementary teachers.

6.NIOS has been entrusted to organise trainings as well as D.El.Ed was started to ensure quality of teachers.

Child Labor Act 1978

What is Child labor?

The term child labor is used when a child is involved into doing a work which is mentally, physically , socially or morally harmful and dangerous to a child and also deprives them of a better childhood and schooling opportunities forcing them to leave the opportunities they have and mature earlier than they should.

The Child Labor Act 1986:

Government has enacted the Child Labor (Prohibition & Regulation) Amendment Act, 2016 which came into force. The Amendment Act completely prohibits the employment of children below 14 years. The amendment also prohibits the employment of adolescents in the age group of 14 to 18 years in hazardous occupations and processes and regulates their working conditions where they are not prohibited. The amendment also provides stricter punishment for employers for violation of the Act and making the offence of employing any child or adolescent in contravention of the Act by an employer as cognizable.

The main objective of this act was to ensure, no involvement of children who have not completed the age of 14 in certain occupations.

The Act also prohibits employment of child in about 13 occupations and 51 processes. The constitution of India in the article 24 under right against exploitation also mentions for prohibition for employment of children in factories and other unorganized sector.

A lot of efforts were put in by PN Bhagwati and V.R. Krishna Iyer to get this litigation into running and in action.

The Path-breaking and Landmark Case of MC Mehta V. State of Tamil Nadu:

The case started with a PIL which was filed by Mr. MC Mehta, alleging that many children were being employed in several hazardous industries more particularly in the firecracker and matchstick industry in Sivkasi in Tamil Nadu.

What held in the court:

A committee was appointed by the Supreme Court of India to visit the site and to prepare a report keeping all the different aspects in concern.

The committee after the submission of the report on November 11,1991 , gave suggestions that the state of Tamil Nadu should be directed that no child should be employed in hazardous and damaging industries of any kind. They also suggested another premise for them to not work more than 6 hours. Proper transport and education facilities should be provided in or around the factory.

It was also recommended to start a national commission on children’s welfare to prepare a scheme for the abolition of child labour.

The case is a landmark case and is so important because it introduces a lot of reforms and amendments in the child labor act 1986 and the case threw light on Child labor as a major issue.

Some of the provisions after the MC Mehta Case are:

The provisions introduced as an after effect of the case were:

Article 24 – Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc. – No child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment. 39€. That the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength.

Article 39(f) -Children should be given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner, in conditions of freedom and dignity and childhood should be protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment.

Article 41 – Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.- The State shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of undeserved want.

Article 45 – Provision for free and compulsory education for children.- The State shall endeavor to provide, within a period of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution, for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years.

And many other more reforms.

 Reference: lawtimejournal ( for the prvisions)

Gambling laws in India

Introduction

Gambling is defined as betting, gaming, or participating in an activity that is based on luck not on the skills to win a huge amount of money or any other prize by wagering some amount of money. To control gambling across the country legislation was passed in the year 1867, the Public Gaming Act of 1867, and is the most important legislation that regulates gambling in India.

Under the gambling legislation, the meaning of the act of wagering or betting for money or money worth is understood in the 2006 “jay video games and electrical v. State of Gujarat’’  case.

So here we discussed about the gambling, why it has become a more sensible topic in India and other countries, how it has come in scenario where their strict laws are must needed, why gaming skills are excluded from gambling or why Indian law classifies the games into two broad categories i.e. game of chance and game of skills. What are those games where gambling is not a big deal?

Legality

As per the status of the legality of Gambling in India, there is no unified law regarding any activities of gambling as it comes under the State list of the 7th schedule of the Constitution. So the gambling is a state subject, so the state has only the rights to regulate the law for the gambling activities in their respective territory. The state legislatures, under the Constitution of India, have been entrusted with significant regulatory flexibility to form state-specific gambling laws. 

The Gambling Act is the central enactment that has been adopted by certain states in India and other states have enacted their own legislation to regulate and govern gambling activities within their territory. So some states have allowed or some have banned gambling in their state. For example, casinos are banned in the other states except for Sikkim, Goa and Daman.

 As per Section 12 of the Public Gaming Act 1867, any game of mere skill will not be treated as gambling, but games of chances will be treated as gambling. 

The Public Gambling Act of 1867 is a central law that prohibits running or being in charge of a public gambling house. The penalty for breach of this law is a fine of Rs. 200 or imprisonment of up to 3 months. Additionally, this Act prohibits visiting gambling houses. A fine of Rs.100 or imprisonment of up to one month is the penalty. 

There is always a doubt regarding which games are covered under gambling because poker in India has very unclear significance in Indian law because it could never figure out whether it is a game of skills or a game of chance. It’s very interesting that games, such as wagering on cricket, are prohibited and while Rummy is permitted as observed by the court under  Mahalakshmi  Cultural Association v. The Director, Inspector General of Police, State of Tamil Nadu in 2012. Gone are the times of Matka betting and the preferences in India. These days, you can just wager on a couple of sports, that too in some states. As of now, betting on horse racing, online poker in states like Goa and Sikkim, online rummy, lottery, and a couple of gambling clubs are legal in India in accordance with the case of K .R Lakshmanan v. state of Tamil Nadu in 1996. 

Not only wagering on games is illegal, visiting or working in those places is also unlawful or illegal under section 4 of the  Public Gaming Act. It is likewise unlawful to visit such a place. The main problem is that the exact meaning of betting is not adequate in the legislation. As per the Act, it states Gaming as betting or wagering of money on a game which is a game of chance and not of skill except Horse Racing.

Laws on online-based betting

In the Public Gaming Act of,1867 there were no provisions related to online-based betting. There is in addition to this Act another act that could be considered to identify with web-based wagering and gaming i.e. The Information Technology Act of 2000. From this Act, it is very easy to identify the offences with online gambling and gives the government ability to check and search if required. However, this Act also does not mention online-based gambling like Public Gaming Act, 1867 does. 

The laws for online gambling are enacted by several states also like Sikkim. The state of Sikkim enacted the Sikkim Online Gambling (Regulation) Act,2008, which was passed on 28th  June 2008 by the Sikkim Legislative Assembly with the object of controlling and regulating through electronic and non-electronic ways in online gaming. And imposes Tax also on online gaming within its territory.

Game of chance or game of skills

Gambling is understood both under its traditional form as well as modern avatar. The traditional gambling is understood in the context of physical space, brick and mortar format, whereas modern gambling consists of computers connected offline or online, mobile phones, internet, etc. the Gambling legislations exclude the “game of skills” from the statute of gambling and hence doesn’t attract the penal provisions.

A game of chance is a game where the result is leveraged by a random number creator in which the participant may choose to bet money for that result. While in a game of skill, A person bet on the result which comes out of the skills of person or person requires them to have a degree of mental expertise to succeed, for example, Betting on Horse racing. However, in games like Poker and Rummy, many times the courts got confused about whether these are Game of Chance or Game of Skill. 

Penalties

Under the Public Gaming Act,1867 any person is found playing games for money, wager, stake or something else with cards, dice, counters, shall be liable to imprisonment for any term not exceeding one month and fine not exceeding one hundred rupees. As per the section 45 of the Indian Penal code 1860.  

Any person found in such gaming rooms during any gaming or playing there shall be presumed, until proven, to have been there for gaming purposes.  

Conclusion

Whereas there are various legislations in India, even every state has its own legislation for gambling as legal and regulated in the most appropriate ways. There is a need for a section or portion which would provide which type of gambling is legal and which is not. Apart from this, there is a need for central laws for online Gambling, we see that few States like Goa, Sikkim, and Nagaland are the only states that permit online gambling. Also, such a type of thing showed that there are no possible ways to stop or curb. At least something could be done to regulate this.

The Government, being a welfare State, acts in a manner to promote the economic and social well-being of its citizens, and therefore, it is necessary for the State to protect the sensitive sections of the society. About gambling, they can at least form a committee to survey the need for gambling and improvisation on the current legislation based on that survey. Thus, there is a need for aggressiveness to be taken from the side of the executives as well as the parliament to provide such norms which would codify the system of gambling in India. 

History of Python Programming Language

Python

In this article we’ll see about the most popular and commonly used programming language, Python. So, let’s begin and learn about the development of Python and gain insights about the current IT trends.

Introduction of Python

Python is very famous for its simple programming syntax. code readability and English-like commands that make coding and English-like commands that make coding a lot easier and efficient. Due to this, it is the most popular and preferred language. Python is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language developed by Guido van Rossum at National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, Netherlands.

In contrast to popular belief that Python was named after the snake, Python was actually named after the show “Monty Python’s flying circus”. Guido van Rossum formulated Python in the late 1980’s as a successor to the ABC language.

Versions of Python

In 1994, Python version 1.0 was released with features like exception handling, Lambda, Map, Filter and Reduce. Python 2.0, released in 2000, introduced features like list comprehensions and garbage collection system capable of collecting reference cycle. Python 3.0 was released on the 3rd of December 2008. Undoubtedly, Python 2.x and 3.x have proven to be the most used versions. As of today, Python 3.9.5 is the latest stable version released in the summer of May 2021.

Applications of Python

Python is popularly used for development, scripting, and software testing. Top IT companies like Google, Facebook, Instagram, Spotify and Netflix, among others, use Python. Some major applications of Python can be seen in the fields of Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Data Science and IoT.

Python Also Offers Many Libraries like

👉 Numpy

👉Scipy

👉 Keras

👉Tensor Flow

👉Django 

👉 Flask

Pep-8 is the official style guide that defines the styling conventions for Python code. A few popular open source Python projects include PipENV, Chatistics, solving the travelling salesman problem using self-organizing maps and Python to BPF converter. Popular websites on the internet, like Reddit and Quora, are built using Python. 

Some Popular Games Developed Using Python

👉EVE Online Freedom Force

👉Pirates of the Caribbean Online

👉 Civilization IV, Battlefield 2

👉Sims 4

👉World of Tanks  

According to Indeed, the average salary of a Python developer in India is about Rs.5,00,000 per annum and that in the US is around $124,000.

Users and admirers of Python, especially those considered knowledgeable, are referred to as Pythonists, Pythonistas, and Pythoneers. Since its inception, Python has come a long way to become the most popular coding language and continues to revolutionize the IT industry. This is the best course for all beginners who want to learn the new course.

INSTAGRAM

Instagram usually abbreviated to IG, Insta or The gram is an American photo and video sharing social networking service created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger. In April 2012, Facebook acquired the service for approximately US$1 billion in cash and stock. The app allows users to upload photos and videos that can be edited with filters and organized by hashtags and location tagging. Posts can be shared publicly or with your followers. Users can browse other users’ content by searching tags and locations and view trending content. Users can like and comment on other users’ photos and follow their knowns to add their content to a personal feed. It was released in October 6, 2010; 10 years ago. It is available in 32 languages and its website is https://www.instagram.com/. Later on, the service also added messaging features, the ability to include multiple images or videos in a single post, and a ‘stories’ feature which allows users to post their daily works and videos for 24 hours. The ‘Reels’ section is now also added which allows the users to post a video of them or anything within a limit of 15 to 30 seconds using any type of audio. The craze of making reels is so high among the people, they are enjoying and celebrating with Instagram Reels. Instagram became the 4th most downloaded mobile app of the 2010s.

Ongoing research continues to explore how media content on the platform affects user engagement. Past research has found that media which show peoples’ faces receive more likes and comments and that using filters that increase warmth, exposure, and contrast also boosts engagement. Users are more likely to engage with images that depict fewer individuals compared to groups and also are more likely to engage with content that has not been watermarked, as they view this content as less original. The motives for using Instagram among young people are mainly to look at posts, particularly for the sake of social interactions and recreation.

In popular culture:

  • Instagram is also used as a documentary film about three teenagers growing up on Instagram as social animals.
  • Instagram model is a term for models who gain their success as a result of the large number of followers they have on Instagram.
  • Instapoetry is defined as a style of poetry which formed by sharing images of short poems by poets on Instagram.
  • Instagram Pier is a cargo working area in Hong Kong that gained its nickname due to its popularity on Instagram.

https://www.npr.org/2017/06/07/493923357/instagram-kevin-systrom-mike-krieger

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Instagram_accounts

https://www.indiatimes.com/technology/news/instagram-rolls-out-new-anti-abuse-features-including-limits-details-inside-547034.html

PERKS OF USING INSTAGRAM-

  • Instagram gives you the opportunity to learn more about your audience and reach them very easily.
  • With more than 25 million businesses actively using Instagram to market to their target audience, it’s easy to see why so many people use the app to shop. In today’s instant access retail world, shoppers want visual content to help them make buying decisions.
  • It is a new method of sharing the pictures online via social media sites involving various creatives ideas like adding filters, making reels and many more to make the post or story look more attractive.
  • The positive effects of Instagram include self-expression, self-identity, community building and emotional support.
  • We can also make money by using Instagram like by creating sponsored posts for brands as an influencer. Become an affiliate and endorse different products. Be a virtual assistant to an influencer.
  • Your brand probably has a stable group of fans who follow your work, consume Instagram content, and like, share and comment on your posts.
  • It’s easy to share Instagram content across other channels.
  • Instagram is free advertising. With social media, including Instagram there are no costs involved unless you decide to pour money into it.

It’s not just about capturing the moment, Instagram is also a social network,” Eyal says. Instagram is so popular because it has the ability to anticipate users’ needs, prioritize their trust, keep abreast of competition, and leverage current trends. Instagram is more than just a way to get jealous about your friend’s vacation photos. Instagram is a way to express yourself and enhance your knowledge and various skills. It is a fun place to wander around in your phone anytime. You can post anything or can add to your story with beautiful filters never seen and used before. It is a very safe place for sure as it do not reveals your identity unless you follow another person. You can enjoy it by watching various types of reels, various funny reels are also there and. You can also make reels by choosing your choice of audio. So it’s not wrong to say that Instagram is very popular and it has become the way of living.

OPTIMISM

 

A positive attitude is not just about
sporting that smile on your face every time, it is more than that. It is about
maintaining that optimistic mindset and attitude even when things are in utter
chaos. It is often said that what good or bad diet does to your body, positive
and negative thoughts do the same to your mind! Feed your mind with positive
thoughts and you will see amazing changes around you. A good attitude or
positive attitude is the outward explanation of a mind that dwells primarily on
positive matters. It is a mind-set tipped in favor of creative activity rather
than boredom, joy over sadness, hope over futility. A positive attitude is that
state of mind which can be maintained only through conscious effort. When
something jars one’s mental focus into a negative direction, those who are
positive know that in order to bounce back adjustments must be made.

Positive
thinking is reinforced by thoughts such as optimism, hope, and belief that hard
work is never wasted. A positive mind anticipates happiness, health , joy, and
a successful outcome of every situation and action and works wonders like
magic.

How to Apply Positive Thinking?

Use positive words while talking

Make use of words that evoke strength and
success

Redirect your thoughts

Remove all the feelings that are not
positive and focus on positive thoughts

Practice positive affirmations

Start thinking that you will succeed in
meeting the objectives

Forgive yourself and allow yourself to
move on

Analyse what went wrong to avoid future
mistakes and look forward to more positive

Working at your visualisation or
imagination to build more positivity and motivation

Think of failure as an opportunity

Practice gratitude to reduce stress,
improve self-esteem, and foster resilience during difficult times

Practice self-talk and be mindful of the
voice in your head and respond with positive messages

What Negative Thoughts Do to Your Brain

Let’s say that you’re walking through the
forest and suddenly a tiger steps onto the path ahead of you. When this
happens, your brain registers a negative emotion — in this case, fear. Researchers
have long known that negative emotions program your brain to do a specific
action. When that tiger crosses your path, for example, you run. The rest of
the world doesn’t matter. You are focused entirely on the tiger, the fear it
creates, and how you can get away from it.
In
other words, negative emotions narrow your mind and focus your thoughts. At
that same moment, you might have the option to climb a tree, pick up a leaf, or
grab a stick — but your brain ignores all of those options because they seem
irrelevant when a tiger is standing in front of you.

What Positive Thoughts Do to Your Brain

In other words, when you are experiencing
positive emotions like joy, contentment, and love, you will see more
possibilities in your life. These findings were among the first that proved
that positive emotions broaden your sense of possibility and open your mind up
to more options.

GOING DAIRY-FREE: BENEFITS

Cute Asian girl drinking milk from glass

As people in today’s world are getting more and more conscious about their health and overall fitness, they are constantly overcoming the age-old beliefs that may provide remedy for a variety of issues at the time, but not with everyone. One of the major health trends of present times that highlights the issues faced by lactose intolerant people is : GOING DAIRY FREE. This type of diet excludes all forms of dairy products; including butter, cheese, cream, ice cream, and so on. Due to its various effective and visible benefits, more and more people are opting for a dairy free dies in their daily lives in order to avail the advantages of going dairy-free.

Here is a compiled list of all the positive effects that you may face after quitting dairy, varying from one person to another. They are discussed as follows:-

#1 HELPS IN CONTROL OF ACNE

Woman Squeezing Her Pimples with Her Fingers

One of the major reasons why people go dairy free in today’s world is : controlling acne. A lot of people have found that removing milk products from their everyday diets have helped them control their acne. This is credited to a number of factors. Firstly, mill promotes production of oils in our body and as a result, our sebaceous glands become highly active. Due to the highly reactive behavior of our oil glands, our skin becomes more prone to trapping bacteria in the pores of the skin and due to this, bacteria development may take place on our skin, resulting in acne. Another factor worth mentioning is that consumption of milk also promotes sugar resistance in our body which may further, cause acne in people, especially women since their hormones are highly active throughout the month.

So, try eliminating milk from your diet to get a smooth and clear skin!

#2 HELPS FIX DIGESTIVE ISSUES

The major development that people who quite dairy may encounter first would be the ease and smoothness they encounter in digestion of the everyday foods they consume. This is evident though the fact that a large number of people around the globe face the issue of lactose intolerance, a condition where people are unable to digest dairy milk. This may result in heavy bloating and gas within the stomach, making the person feel uncomfortable and sick. Once such people quit dairy, they are able to tackle this issue effectively.

#3 WEIGHT-LOSS

Blue Tape Measuring on Clear Glass Square Weighing Scale

If you want to lose a few inches, try quitting dairy! A number of studies have shown that quitting dairy may actually help you reduce weight. This is because nowadays, the milk and milk products available in the market are highly processed, saturated and may also contain chemicals and even additive hormones that may not be beneficial for us at all. Not only this, they are extremely hazardous for us, making our body a host of several chronic illnesses like diabetes blood pressure and high bad cholesterol levels. This is not good for us in the long term period. Henceforth, try avoiding dairy if you are trying to lose weight to see if it may help and aid you in any way at all!

To sum it all, going-dairy free may be a healthy option for people who are lactose intolerant but may not know about it. However, this diet may not work for everyone too. Hence, we need to be selective about our everyday diet choices, so that we can handle our health in a better fashion!

A list of reading guide for book lovers

Ahh!! Books I just love to read them whether it be based on any genres I just love them. Are you one from these types of people’s, if yes then you have landed on the right article. Here, we are going to talk about books, books and just book mainly based on different genres.

– Fantasy

  • The Arabian nights
  • Five children and It
  • A game of thrones
  • The way of kings
  • A wizard of Earth sea
  • The lies of Locke lamora
  • The night circus
  • Vampire academy
  • The lost hero
  • Throne of glass

– Science fiction

  • The blazing world
  • The stars my destination
  • Solaris
  • The moon is a harsh mistress
  • Frankenstein
  • Dune
  • Ice
  • Foundation
  • A scanner darkly
  • Hyperion

– Horror

  • House of leaves
  • Lord of the flies
  • Rosemary’s baby
  • Blindness
  • The haunting of hill house
  • Carrion comfort
  • Dead beautiful
  • We need to talk about Kevin
  • Ring
  • Night flim

– Mystery

  • Gone girl
  • In cold blood
  • And then there were none
  • Woman in white
  • The big sleep
  • Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy
  • The postman always rings twice
  • The girl with the dragon
  • Anatomy of a murder
  • The Da Vinci code

– Romance

  • It ends with us
  • Pride and prejudice
  • Vision in white
  • Gone with the wind
  • Call me by your name
  • A long petal of the sea
  • Beautiful disaster
  • The hating game
  • The proposal
  • The notebook

– Thriller

  • Fragile
  • Sixteen horses
  • The hiding place
  • Black 13
  • Red wolves
  • People like her
  • The imposter
  • Magma
  • A gambling man
  • Saint X

– Drama

  • The girl who know too much
  • Jane Eyre
  • Therese Raquin
  • The red and the black
  • The vampire lestat
  • Before we were
  • Les miserables
  • Absalom, Absalom!
  • Anna Karenina
  • Hamlet

Potential Of Rural Women:

Rural Women are re a resourceful economic agent, who work day and night for the family and their growth in every form economic as well as emotional level. They do businesses; they work in farms; they contribute in family businesses. There are rural women who work for others but are also self employed.

They have a very unequal access to the resources and also go through a lot of discrimination. They also have to suffer through gender norms which needs to be addressed. They also have to work at home unpaid for the huge amount of work for their family.

Some general facts about Rural women in daily discrimination:

  • Most rural women workers are unpaid family workers or self employed and exposed to precarious jobs and low pay.
  • Rural women are paid on an average 25% less than men. They are considered to be less efficient because of low physical strength and sometimes are not even paid for the same work done by men.
  • Rural women also work for longer hours than men. They are expected to look after family and children needs along with work. The society thinks of the woman’s real job to be looking after the family needs and being independent for a woman in these cases is generally considered secondary.
  • Most of the rural women are unpaid family workers and their work is generally just considered as a contribution to the family rather than actual work which requires a pay.
  • Many times a woman’s entrepreneurship is not accepted by the society and they are not supposed to dedicate all their time into some growth or business.
  • Women in rural areas also get less or sometimes no access to education. Sometimes they are just told to leave it halfway because their fate is already decided and hence studying will only increase the burden on the family.

Condition of women in Indian rural society specifically:

Employment Creation and how to do it for rural women: Employment creation mean coming up with new industries and ideas which can and will provide employment to a lot of people which will give them stable income and a stable life. Creation of more sector which require the skills of rural women and can help them excel can prove to be a big boon in the society.

Creating employment: Creating employment can be

  • Rural work programmes should be encouraged and women training should be encouraged. Rajasthan had one of the highest no. Of women businesses from home. For example: Lijjat Papad. They should be provided with exposure for their promotion and the brands should be encouraged more than the imported brands.
  • And increase in women friendliness and a change of attitude towards working women.
  • Providing capital for the women to kick start their business ideas and then paying it with small installments.
  • Social protection should be improved that is, creating more awareness about women sanitary pads and other basic needs and creating trusted rural brands for all the basic needs so that they don’t feel on being introduced to something foreign but they should learn using the things made by them only. Giving them more trust on the brand and creating awareness among them about them the better living standards in low costs.
  • It is never too late to start new. Their access to technological reforms should be increased. They should start learning more about internet and technology through different organizations whose main job is to educate them. These small jobs will also create employment opportunities.

Impact of Globalization

Since the decline of communalism, Globalization has become one of the most controversial and debating issues among people around the World. Globalization has a different definition to different people, and whether it has a positive impact today or was better for yesterday is still questionable. Although a part of the population questions its existence, it has significantly impacted both developed and developing countries’ economies. Globalization cannot simply be related to being political as it has had significant effects on cultural, ideological, and social aspects of people around the World.

To understand the impact of Globalization, it is important to know what it is. One of the popular political scientist, James Rosenau, described the term as a currently popular label and accounted for people’s norms, goods, ideas, services, activities, and currencies that are localized and practiced in a confined area. As per World Health Organization, Globalization is defined as the interdependence and interconnection of people in a local place with the people around the World. The two main elements that need to work here is the ease of flow of goods, services, and activities of people from one place to another and the incorporation and change in policies that allow the easy flow of exchange around the areas.

Globalization is a complex procedure that includes the trends and tendencies of the economic, cultural, and social spheres of the people and places around the World. The process is huge and not easily predictable but organized as well. The liberation of investment and trade, Social networks worldwide, technological innovation, and entrepreneurship are the four major factors of Globalization.

Many political scientists believe that the two major forces that make Globalization effective are technological innovation and entrepreneurship. However, it is impossible to prove that the process works without the intervention of other factors. With the adoption and evolution of market-related laws and policies in local and international fields, the governments have played a significant role by allowing economic integration of special activities and giving major independence to welcome the outside World. Globalization’s financial aspect is the major force that acts as a driving agent for both the political and social parts. Due to the colonization by Europe in various countries, some of the practices and cultural lifestyle is adopted by the people deep inside the African villages.

Globalization has made way for the countries to develop rapidly. However, the development is not even because some countries are growing quickly in comparison to others. The interconnection between the countries helped decrease poverty, but it does not equally support global community members. The developing countries lie in a depriving position while the developed countries enjoy all the interconnection benefits. However, when we take a close look at the impact of Globalization worldwide, we can conclude that it has both positive and negative effects on both developed and developing countries.

Globalization has proven to make a positive impact on the quality of life of people in developing countries. Funding from foreign countries and industrialized nations are helping many developing countries to decrease poverty. These funds are spent on improving the social, health, transport structure, and education of developing countries, helping them with a standard of living.

Today, the developing countries can openly communicate and trade through transport, labor, technology, management, and other benefits from other industrialized countries.

The impact of Globalization around the World

Globalization has its backdrops that dually affect both the developed and developing countries. However, considering the positive side to be heavier, people still believe it to be beneficial and aim for a better standard of living for all the poor people around the Globe.

Smart City

The concept of a smart city aims to investigate the implications of smart solutions for sustainable development and smart solutions in the city. These solutions mainly concentrate on the core area of the city’s administration, education, health, transportation etc.

The idea of a smart city has been introduced to highlight the importance of Information and Communication Technologies ( ICT’s) in the past 20 years for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of industrialization. In literal terms, the smart city is used to specify a city’s ability to cater to the needs of citizens. Development of city and quality of life are profoundly influenced by the core systems of a city: transport, education, and government services; public safety and health. Research has focused on these four areas, which identity having high priority.

The literature review highlights that various criteria referring to improve life in a city are mentioned in connection to the terms of a smart city. The most important area for starting to transform a city into a smart one in the system of communication; thus, this area prioritizes the use of modern transport technologies. Smart transformation system works as a highway between the development of city and modern technologies.

The term smart city is also used in the literature regarding the education of its citizen. Therefore, a smart city has smart inhabitants in terms of its educational criterion. The intelligent system represents the future processes of education. This system will affect how the information is received, used, understand, and learned by users. In other, the literature the term smart city is also referred to the relation between the city’s governance or public administration and its citizen.  Good governance is a communication for the citizens, e.g. “ e-governance” or “ e- democracy”.

The health system is like a good solution for a smart city snd this implies to use modern technologies to better the results. The smart health system ensures timely diagnosis thus improving the life of the patients. The concept of the ubiquitous city has been developed into huge international research. It is also known a U-city . a model of a smart city is based on the usage of computer systems to exchange data such as cloud computing, open data etc.

The term smart city has attracted a lot of attention in these recent years. Since the end of the last century, many cities have initiated smart city planning. The first step for the establishment of the smart city is based on the physical telecommunication network infrastructure. The second layer constitutes applications that improve operation in the city like traffic control, etc., the third is based on connectivity and unity of all.

There are a lot of advantages to this new system: energy and other natural resources are spent more efficiently, and the tasks of synchronization are much easier to accomplish. We are now able to identify a lot of smart city in different levels of development, and this concept can be used to define urbanization based on modern technologies.

Sports

Sports is such an activity that it can be taken up by anyone; at any age and any point in life. Adults, children and elders – everyone alike can take part in sports. Many regard sports as a mere co-curricular or extra-curricular activity in schools. However, in reality, sports play an equally important role as does education in a person’s life. To achieve overall and all-round development in life, one should be well-versed in both sports and culture. While training sharpens the mind, sports sharpens the body and fitness. Thus, both are essential.

There are numerous advantages of involving oneself in sports. First and foremost, as known by all and very definitively, competitions increase the physical fitness of an individual. Additionally, sports also contribute to building stable mental well-being of a person. Various researchers show that people who are in the daily practice of sports in any form record better mental as well as physical health. Moreover, sports also eliminates the risk of a person catching diseases or facing any bodily interruptions. Competitions increase immunity and increase people’s stamina.

Sports also influence the life expectancy of people, increasing the potential years to live of an average human individual. All of us are associated with games somehow or the other in our lives. While at schools and as kids, we were exposed to sports in various forms. However, since many institutions do not make it obligatory to pursue sports in higher academics, some of us are dissociated from its practice. However, a lot of people take up games further, on their own accord. Some people even decide on pursuing a career in the field.

A lot of people take up a lot of different kinds of sporting activities. There are many outdoor sports; these include cricket, badminton, football, hockey, volleyball etc. Indoor sports such as various board games, table tennis, chess etc. are also popular. One can choose from a large variety. While outdoor sports contribute heavily in building the physical aspect of one’s being, indoor games have a more psychological impact. However, none of the activities can be categorised in a hard and fast way. Every sporting activity contributes to the well- being of a person, both physically and mentally.

Sports also builds several characteristics and personality traits in a person. Sports instils a sense of confidence and enthusiasm in an individual’s attitude. People who are involved in regular sports practices show qualities of leadership, team-work and excellence in their personalities and behaviour. Sports makes one competitive, however in a healthy manner. It also helps us to deal with failure and enables us to work hard in achieving our respective goals.

These are all just a few good qualities that sports brings us into our lives. There are many other attributes that games have. Hence, we should all engage actively and more frequently in sports and other physical activities. It instils discipline in us, makes us active, energetic and increases our mental, emotional and physical state.

Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal is the materialized vision of love and marks a perfect indelible remark on it’s Mughal Architecture. This historical monument is the mausoleum of Emporer Shan Jahan’s beloved wife, Empress Arjuman Banu Begum, most commonly known as Mumtaz mahal. The Taj Mahal is a complex comprising of the astonishing vision Ustad Isa Khan of Turkey, the chief architect of this historic monument.

The Taj Mahal now holds a renowned place in UNESCO’s World Heritage Site. The tomb contains a 17-hectare centerpiece. The Taj Mahal is located 2.5 km away from the famous Agra Fort and is a renowned masterpiece of the world holds a special place as the 7th wonders in the world.

About Taj Mahal, The conventional story behind the stunning 17th-century marble mausoleum is Emperor Shah Jahan’s eternal for Mumtaz, who died in childbirth. Historians believe that Shah Jahan remained heartbroken over the Empress’s death and ordered his court into mourning for two whole years.  To treasure all memories of his beloved wife, Shah Jahan undertook the task of building the world’s most treasured beautiful monument as a symbol of love. The construction of the imperial structure took almost 22 solid years with the labor of 22,000 workers. However, there are a few debates that question the construction of the Taj Mahal as a monument of love or guilt.

To invoke the memories of the Mughal era,  a 10-day annual event called the ‘Taj Festival’ is celebrated in February, in front of the Taj Mahal.

The grandeur of the Taj Mahal despite decades after construction resonates as the most attractive human-made tourist spot of the world. The Taj Mahal unveils five major structural components- the Darwaza or the main entrance, the Bageecha or gardens, the Masjid or Mosque, the Naqqar Khana or the rest house, and Rauza, the central mausoleum.

The Taj Mahal’s main chambers consist of pseudo-tombs perforated marble screens. Beneath this lies the shadowy burial crypt that homes the tombs of both the Empress Mumtaz and the Emperor Shah Jahan. The perforated screens transmit light into the grave and is a structure of typical Mughal mausoleum. The tombs hold semi-precious stone linings, and calligraphic inscriptions are found to be inscribed on the sides on Mumtaz’s monument, reveal ing the ninety-nine names, Allah. The Taj structures add great artistic wonder and architectural realm to the place.

Located on banks of the sacred river Yamuna, in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, the Taj Mahal is a royal artwork of multiple talented artisans and artists. The area surrounding the Taj holds many decorative elements such as grass lawns and trees that increase the fragrance of the environment. A few feet apart, at the foothills of the entrance pathway lies a fascinating fountain gleaming with water. However, due to the growing pollution, the white Taj marbles have reacted, leaving yellow-tinged surfaces. To protect the Mahal from further damage, the Indian government has enforced around 4,000-square-mile Taj Trapezium Zone, with strict emissions standards. This beautiful marble masterpiece gives immense pride to all Indians and is considered as a devout symbol of love.

Mothers Day

Our mothers are like a security blanket to us because she saves us from all problems. She never regards her own problems and listens to us all time. In order to give her respect, the second Sunday of May month has been dedicated to her to celebrate mother’s day. This event is of great importance to us and our mothers. On this day we should keep our mothers happy and never make them sad. We should always obey her and do work properly. She always wants to make us a good human being in life.

A big program is organized in our school every year on mother’s day to celebrate it conjointly. Our teachers help us in getting prepared for the mother’s day occasion. We learn lots of poems, rhymes, essays, speeches on Mother’s day, conversations, etc for the celebration of this occasion. We are really blessed by God with a caring and loving mother. Without mothers our lives are nothing. We are so lucky as we have a mother. We give lots of special gifts to our mother and she gives us lots of love and care. Out teachers give us an invitation card to invite our mother to school and be the glory of the occasion.

Mothers do lots of activities in the classroom like dancing, singing, poem recitation, speech, etc for our happiness. We too take part in the celebration and show our talent (such as poem recitation, essay writing, speech, dance, singing, etc) in front of the mother and teacher. Our mothers bring a lot of delicious dishes with them to school. At the end of the celebration, we all enjoy eating those delicious dishes together with our teachers and mothers. We are served a variety of dishes by our mothers.

Our mothers are very special. Even after being tired she always smiles for us. She tells us different poems and stories while sleeping in the night. She helps us in preparing our project works and home works and helps us during exam time. She takes care of our uniform and school dress. She teaches us to eat anything only after proper hand washes with soap and water. She teaches us good manners, etiquette, morality, humanity, and helping others always in life. She takes care of my father, grandparents, and my small sister. We all too love her too much and take her outside weekly with all family members.