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Insurgency in north-east

North East India comprising the seven States of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh,
Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura has earned the dubious distinction
for persistent underdevelopment and growing insurgency. The fire of insurgency has been
engulfing the region in such a way that there seems to be existence of a parallel authority of
the insurgents in many parts of the region as rampant abductions, extortions and killings go
on unabated. Consequently, normal life is often paralysed and all initiatives including the
socio-economic ones are increasingly crippled as an air of fear and uncertainty pervades the
region.
Nagaland has been the epicenter of insurgency in the North East. The Naga leader,
A.Z. Phizo raised the banner of revolt at the very dawn of Indian independence, claiming
that Nagaland had never been a part of India. Although the sub national State of Nagaland
was created in 1963 in order to fulfill the political aspiration of the Nagas, the flame of
Naga insurgency could never be doused effectively and now it affects almost all the North
Eastern States in general and Manipur, Assam and Nagaland in particular as the Naga
insurgent outfits aim at political union and independence of all the territories claimed to be
Naga-dominated areas and as these outfits are providing help and training to the insurgents
in other States also. The National Socialist Council of Nagaland formed in 1980 (now split
into two factions) is the most formidable insurgent outfit in the region.
In Assam, the insurgency has grown out of mass movement over the foreigners’
issue starting in 1979. The United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) which has been
committing terrorist acts with their avowed objectives of forming independent Assam has
created a serious internal security hazard. The Bodos are also up in arms under the
leadership of the National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB). In the North Cachar
District of Assam, the Dimasa Halam (DHD) is engaged in insurgency activities. While the declared political ambition of the Bodos is for separate statehood under the Indian Union to
attain independence, the objective of DHD is not explicitly made known. Thus, Assam
faces a very complicated problem of insurgency.
Manipur is plagued by triple problems. The valley faces the insurgency of the
Meitei extremists while the hill areas are affected by depredations by the Naga militants on
the one hand and inter-tribal clashes between the Nagas and Kukis on the other. The more
prominent outfits operating in Manipur are the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). People’s
Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK), Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP), Kuki
National Organisation (KNO/KDF) and the National Socialist Council of Nagaland
(NSCN) (Singh, 2000).
In Tripura, the tribal-non-tribal socio-economic divide has been generating
dissension from the very dawn of the State’s accession to the Indian Union in 1948.
Although socio-economic development of Tripura has traditionally been associated with
immigration, the massive influx of the non-tribal refugees from East Pakistan (now
Bangladesh) in the wake of the division of India in 1947 reduced the tribal people into a
minority constituting less than one third of the population. As most of the immigrants
settled in rural areas, the pressure of population on land was tremendous. The sense of
being progressively marginalized gave rise to tribal insurgency in the State. In the 1980s
the Tripura National Volunteers (TNV) was a formidable tribal terrorist outfit spreading
hatred against the non-tribal and it was mainly responsible for the riots that took place in
June 1980. At present there are about 20 tribal insurgent groups in Tripura, the two
prominent ones being the National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT) and the All Tripura
Tiger Force (ATTF). In recent years the non-tribal are also being involved in anti-tribal
violent activities (Ganguly, 1999).
Mizoram experienced rebellion of the Mizos under the leadership of Mr. Laldenga.
But after the Mizo Accord of 1986, there has been no major wave of insurgency in the
State. None the less, inter-tribe conflicts and suspicion against the non-tribal are not
altogether absent in the State.
Meghalaya has been free from insurgent activities. However, for the last few years
Hiniutrap Liberation Council (HNLC) has been organizing disruptive activities in the State
on certain occasions in spite of the fact that they do not have mass support.

Even Arunachal Pradesh which can be regarded as an island of peace in the whole of the North eastern Region is not totally free from trouble. The local tribal people refuse to allow the Chakmas to be absorbed in the State’s population. A rising trend of ethnic
separatism is also absorbed in the State.

Important dates of year

DATEDAYREMARKS
Jan 12National Youth DayBirthday of Swami Vivekananda
Jan 15Army DayField Marshall K.M. Cariappa took over the command of Army on this day in 1949 from the British.
Jan 25National Voters’ DayWith effect from 2011
Jan 27International Holocaust DayThe largest Nazi death camp, Auschwitz-Birkenau, was liberated by Soviet troops on Jan 27, 1945.
Jan 30Martyr’s DayMartyrdom day of Mahatma Gandhi
Feb 14Black day for IndiaForty CRPF personnel were killed on February 14, 2019, when their convoy was attacked by a suicide bomber on the Srinagar-Jammu highway in J&K’s Pulwama district. It was said to be the worst-ever terror attack in Jammu and Kashmir since militancy erupted in 1989.
Feb 14St. Valentine’s DayLupercalia survived the initial rise of Christianity but was outlawed—as it was deemed “un-Christian”—at the end of the 5th century, when Pope Gelasius declared February 14 St. Valentine’s Day. It was not until much later, however, that the day became definitively associated with love.
Feb 21International Mother Language DayInternational Mother Language Day is observed on February 21, every year to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism. International Mother Language Day recognizes that languages and multilingualism can advance inclusion, and the Sustainable Development Goals focus on leaving no one behind.
Feb 28National Science DayMarks the discovery of Raman Effect in 1928 by C.V. Raman
Mar 8International Women’s DayThis day is observed globally every year on 8 March to celebrate the social, economic, cultural, and political achievements of women. Also, it is an action for accelerating gender parity.
Mar 15World Consumer DayPresident John F Kennedy formally addressed the issue of consumer rights on this day in 1963.
Mar 20French Language DayUN French Language Day is observed annually on 20 March. The event was established by UN’s Department of Public Information in 2010 “to celebrate multilingualism and cultural diversity as well as to promote equal use of all six official languages throughout the Organization”.
Apr 7World Health DayWHO was formed on this day in 1948, but the first World Health Day was observed in 1950.
Apr 12International Day of Human Space FlightYuri Gagarin, the Soviet Cosmonaut made the first space flight on this day in 1961.
Apr 20Chinese Language DayUN Chinese Language Day is observed globally on April 20 every year. The day has been chosen to pay tribute to Cangjie, who is a mythical figure who is presumed to have invented Chinese characters about 5,000 years ago.
Apr 23English Language DayCelebrate English Language Day by learning a bit about its history, and words that may not be in use at the moment. Learn about where it’s spoken, and how it’s used. Maybe take some time to help someone learning English get a little better at it, or even learn about the different variations.
Apr 23Spanish Language DayEvery year on April 23rd, Spanish Language Day celebrates the second most spoken language in the world. It’s also a day to honor the most revered writer in the Spanish language, Miguel De Cervantes Saavedra. About 75 million people in the world speak Spanish as their second language.
May 1International Worker’s DayNew Delhi| Jagran Lifestyle Desk: International Labour Day is observed every year on May 1 to mark the achievements of the workers and to spread awareness about exploitation. Also known as International Worker’s Day and May Day, is observed across the globe.
May 8International Red Cross DayJH Dunant, the man behind Red Cross was born on this day in 1828
May 11National Technology DayNuclear tests at Pokhran carried out in 1998 on this day.
May 21Anti-terrorism DayFormer PM Shri Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated on this day in 1991.
Jun 5World Environment DayThe purpose of World Environment Day is to spread awareness about the threat to the environment due to rising pollution levels and climate change. The first World Environment Day was observed in 1974, giving a global platform for inspiring positive change in the environment.
Jun 6Russian Language DayA language of politics, space and economics, but also 265 million people. Russian has been described as an ‘extremely politically and culturally relevant language’. Because of the power and influence of the Russian Federation, the language is playing a key role in some of humankind’s most groundbreaking advances.
Jun 21International Yoga DayUnited Nations celebrate International Yoga Day every year on 21st June since 2015. The resolution for International Day of Yoga was proposed by India and endorsed by a record 175 member states through UN resolution 69/131. This year the theme of International Yoga Day (IDY) is ‘Yoga for Health – Yoga at Home’.
Jul 1
National Doctors Day (India)		Birthday of Dr. Bidhan Chandra Ray
Jul 11World Population DayInspired by 5 Billion Day in 1987
Jul 12Malala DayBirthday of Malala Yousafzai
Aug 6
Hiroshima Day		Bombing of Hiroshima on 6 Aug, 1945
Aug 7National Handloom DayLaunching of Swadeshi Movement on 7 Aug, 1905
Aug 9August Kranti DiwasLaunch of Quit India Movement in 1942
Aug 19World Humanitarian DayCommemorates the day when 22 aid workers were killed in a bombing at the UN headquarters in Baghdad in 2003
Aug 20Sadbhawna DiwasBirthday of Shri Rajiv Gandhi (1944)
Aug 29National Sports DayBirthday of Shri Dhyanchand (1905)
Sep 5Teacher’s DayBirthday of Dr. Radhakrishanan (1888)
Sep 8International Literacy DayThe 8th of September was proclaimed International Literacy Day by UNESCO in 1966 to remind the international community of the importance of literacy for individuals, communities and societies, and the need for intensified efforts towards more literate societies.
Sep 14Hindi DiwasHindi accorded the Official language status by the Constituent Assembly on this day in 1949.
Sep 15
Engineers’ Day		Birthday of Sri M Visvesvaraya.
Sep 27World Tourism DayStatutes of United Nations World Tourism Organisation adopted on this day in 1980.
Oct 2International Non-violence DayBirthday of Mahatma Gandhi (1869)
Oct 8
Indian Air Force Day		IAF was officially established on this day in 1932.
Oct 16World Food Day
Food and Agricultural Organisation was founded on this day in 1945.
Oct 24United Nations Day
Charter of the United Nations came into force on this day in 1945.
Oct 31Rashtriya Ekta DiwasBirth Anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Nov 11National Education DayBirthday of Shri Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888), the first Education Minister of India.
Nov 14Children’s DayBirthday of Shri Jawaharlal Nehru (1889)
Nov 19
National Integration Day		Birthday of Smt Indira Gandhi (1984)
Nov 26 Constitution Day (India) Constitution of India was adopted on this day (1949)
Nov 26National Milk Day (India) Birthday of Shri Verghese Kurien, Father of White Revolution in India
Dec 1World AIDS DayIt’s an opportunity for people worldwide to unite in the fight against HIV, to show support for people living with HIV, and to commemorate those who have died from an AIDS-related illness. Founded in 1988, World AIDS Day was the first ever global health day.
Dec 4Navy DayCommemorates the courageous attack on the Karachi harbour during the Indo-Pakistan war of 1971 in Operation Trident.
Dec 7Armed Forces Flag DayOn 28th August 1949, the Ministry of Defence decided to celebrate this day, to honour the soldiers, sailors, and airmen. This day celebration intends to tribute the valiant and martyred soldiers and to revamp the harmony of citizens.
Dec 10Human Rights’ DayUniversal Declaration of Human Rights was proclaimed and adopted on this day in 1948.
Dec 16Vijay DiwasMarks India’s victory over Pakistan in the Indo-Pak war in 1971.
Dec 18Minorities Rights DayUnited Nations adopted and promulgated the Declaration on the Rights of Persons belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities on this day in 1992.
Dec 18Arabic Language DayThe date coincides with the day in 1973 that the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted Arabic as the sixth official language of the Organization. … Arabic has played a catalytic role in knowledge, promoting the dissemination of Greek and Roman sciences and philosophies to Renaissance Europe.
Dec 24
National Consumers’ Day		The enactment of this Act is considered as a historic milestone in the consumer movement in the country. This day provides an opportunity for individuals to highlight the importance of the consumer movement and the need to make every consumer more aware of their rights and responsibilities.
Dec 25Good Governance DayBirthday of Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Reference Link:

leadthecompetition.in/GK/important-days.html

Behind her eyes – a REVIEW

In the event that you like thrillers, Netflix’s most recent arrangement, Behind her Eyes, might intrigue you. I say go ahead and observe it and after, that let’s examine the imposing finishing. A word of caution: You might get confounded, anxious, and baffled.

Based on Sarah Pinborough’s book of the same title, the British mental thriller may take off you a bit awkward within the conclusion, whereas wavering between sex scenes and parallel timelines. Creator Steve Lightfoot, at the side of chief Erik Richter Strand, presents a storyline that keeps you speculating till the conclusion, until that turned disclosure. You learn the truth around the characters, but the occasions that lead up to the climax are extended and need the capacity to keep the group of onlookers snared. And the much-talked-about finishing is difficult to persevere (you won’t see that coming).

Set in London, the six-episode arrangement spins around four characters – Adele, a forlorn and puzzling homemaker hitched to her adolescent adore David, a therapist. Similarly strange is David, who shows up in torment, but finds himself momentarily drawn to Louise, his secretary. At that point, there’s Victimize, Adele’s best companion. 

It starts with Louise, a single mother, who gets sucked into the interesting world of David and Adele. All hell breaks when she unconsciously takes an interest in astral projection or astral travel. Yes, a few of the characters within the arrangement can effectively accomplish the out-of-body involvement, where their souls travel exterior their bodies. And so, comes the powerful portion of the appearance, which, in the case dealt with in an unexpected way, would have been much interesting. Eve Hewson as Adele and Simona Brown as Louise is idealizing, Robert Aramayo is true as Ron, and Tom Bateman plays David with a parcel of empathy and charm, but that’s not sufficient. That said, the often-slacking account comes up short of the star cast at times. For occurrence, you cannot offer assistance but ponder how a single mother can bear that cozy flat and supper dates, with a career that includes three days of work a week (I need that job). When it comes to a thriller, it is as a rule the finishing that keeps us on the edge of our seats.

We learn about him and his affiliation with Adele, as the story goes back and forward.

But with Behind Her Eyes, it is the ending that’s a bit disappointing. It’s a finishing that’s so unmistakably crazy that it feels like being trolled. In the event that the characters were wealthier, or in the event that the moderate burn of the primary a few scenes of the appear were more retaining, it’d be simpler to contend that the finishing is an energizing acceleration, or possibly a polarizing capper to an already pleasant thriller. But the end is exceptionally obviously the entire diversion. There’s no invigorating vitality here past drawing the group of onlookers toward those final a few minutes.

All in all I’ll give the show a 2.5 out of 5. You can stream it now on Netflix.

Overview of QUANTUM COMPUTING

“We can’t actually anticipate how electrons will act this moment,” says Zapata’s Christopher Savoie. “We can be more foresighted and undertake less real research facility tests if we can get into a state where we’re acting like it’s anything but a PC.” It is, he says, as though Airbus were all the while testing planes by building limited scope models and tossing them into the sky. “You can’t recreate compound cycles that no doubt about it,” says Google’s Sergio Boixo.

What is Quantum Computing?

Quantum computing is a space of processing zeroed in on creating PC innovation dependent on the standards of quantum hypothesis (which clarifies the conduct of energy and material on the nuclear and subatomic levels). PCs utilized today can just encode data in bits that take the worth of 1 or 0—confining their capacity. Quantum Computing, then again, utilizes quantum bits or qubits. It bridles the remarkable capacity of subatomic particles that permits them to exist in more than one state (i.e., a 1 and a 0 simultaneously).

History

During the 1980s, the area of quantum figuring arose. It was later discovered that quantum computations may be used to solve specific computer problems more effectively than their classical counterparts.

Because of its latent potential and expected market size, IBM, Microsoft, Google, D-Waves Systems, Alibaba, Nokia, Intel, Airbus, HP, Toshiba, Mitsubishi, SK Telecom, NEC, Raytheon, Lockheed Martin, Rigetti, Biogen, Volkswagen, and Amgen have all committed to work in the field of quantum processing.

Real-World Example

Google is investing billions in a project to construct a quantum computer by 2029. To assist it achieve its goal, the organization has established a Google AI campus in California. For a long time, Google has been investing in this type of innovation. Various organizations, such as Honeywell International (HON) and International Business Machine (IB), have also done so.

On 15 june, IBM unveiled one of Europe’s most spectacular quantum computers at an event at its German base camp. The Q System One, according to IBM, is “Europe’s most remarkable quantum computer in a mechanical setting.”

The computer has been running since February, but due to the pandemic, its dispatch has been delayed. The PC is a “miracle of technology,” according to German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who holds a PhD in quantum science from her time as a researcher in former East Germany.

How Do Quantum Computers Work?

In quantum computing, tasks make use of an item’s quantum state to supply a qubit. These are the unidentified properties of an item, such as the twist of an electron or the polarization of a photon, before they’ve been discovered.

Unmeasured quantum states may occur in a blended’superposition,’ analogous to a coin spinning through the air before landing in your grip, rather of having a distinct position.

These superpositions can be ensnared with those of other articles, implying that their ultimate conclusions will be numerically connected, even though we have no idea what they are yet.

Benefits of quantum computing

The promise is for much faster, far more effective computations, which is convenient given that we are producing more data than at any other time in recent memory, need to analyze that data in more mind-boggling ways, and get results out much faster.

  1. Quantum computing allows programmers to write programs in entirely new ways. A quantum computer, for example, may include a programming sequence that reads “take all the superpositions of all the previous calculations.”
  2. This would make it possible to solve some mathematical problems, such as factorization of big numbers, in a very short amount of time
  3. Quantum physics and quantum processing have the potential to help with a wide range of problems.
  4. Because of the informational index used, a branch of study called topological examination, in which mathematical forms work specifically, displays calculations that are essentially unthinkable with today’s standard PCs.
  5. It can help us with physical science problems involving quantum mechanics and the interrelationship of materials or qualities. Quantum registering, on a nuclear level, mimics nature, and along these lines, it could aid in the discovery of new materials or the differentiation of new synthetic mixes for drug disclosure.
  6. The quantum computer being created by Google could aid in a variety of processes, such as accelerating AI preparation or assisting in the development of more energy-efficient batteries.

Problems in Quantum Computing

Since qubits are not advanced pieces of information, they can’t be rectified utilizing conventional techniques. Some problems related to Quantum Computing are:

  1. In quantum computing, where even a solitary estimation mistake can make the legitimacy of the whole calculation breakdown, blunder adjustment is significant. Notwithstanding, there has been critical improvement around here. With the advancement of a blunder rectification technique that utilizes 9 qubits (one computational and eight correction).
  2. The smallest aggravation in a quantum framework can make a quantum calculation breakdown, an interaction known as de-intelligence. A quantum PC should be completely segregated from all outer impedance during the calculation stage. Some achievement has been accomplished with the utilization of qubits in serious attractive fields, utilizing particles.

Conclusion

While no quantum computer has yet been developed enough to perform calculations that a traditional computer cannot, incredible progress is being made. This innovation may allow a fraction of the benefits and knowledge of quantum calculation to be realized some time before the quest for a large-scale, error-corrected quantum computer is completed.

GIRL INFANTICIDE IN INDIA

We live in 21st century which is an era of a modern and advanced society. There are some dark truths that run deep in our roots, Female infanticide being one of them. While some of us are aware about it, many others deny to acknowledge this truth. Female infanticide is the intentional killing of baby girls due to the preference for male babies and from the low value associated with the birth of females. It is the dowry system, lack of financial independence, social customs and beliefs that have downgraded the females to a secondary status comes discrimination, domestic violence and girl infanticide. There are still several cases reported every year of girl infanticide in our country. It is a fact that even though we are in a global society, the major part of our country’s population lives in rural area. In the rural areas, most women give birth in their homes only and because of this we still don’t have the accurate data of girl infanticide.

Sex Ratio indicates the proportion of males to females in a certain population, whereas, in India, the sex ratio is calculated as the number of females per 1000 males. A girl child is considered to be a liability by early societies, and even today, also many people have the same mindset regarding female children. Many parents consider it better to invest in a son than in a daughter. Female infanticide causes an imbalance in the society among the number of males and females. The Socio-Cultural perspective relates to gender differences on a household level, whereas the demographic perspective focuses more on gender differences in the desired family composition. According to a report by the Indian government in 2018, around 63 million women are missing in India. With a decline in sex ratio, the number is going to increase more in the near future. Thus, Indian sex ratio can be characterized as adverse and a declining one, which favors male more than female. There is an immediate requirement for strict regulations to keep a check on such traditions, which is carried out in many parts of India.

According to a recent report by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) up to 50 million girls and women are missing from India’ s population as a result of systematic gender discrimination in India. In most countries in the world, there are approximately 105 female births for every 100 males. In India, there are less than 93 women for every 100 men in the population. The United Nations says an estimated 2,000 unborn girls are illegally aborted every day in India. In our country women face problem in the family and psychological disturbance because of giving birth to the girl child and regretted being women. Most of the women reported that they killed their babies under pressure from their husbands. Many a time the husbands would beat up their wives and force them to kill the female child because she is an economic burden. .

Even though the law is a powerful instrument of change yet law alone cannot root out this social problem. The girls are devalued not only because of the economic considerations but also because of socio-cultural factors, such as, the belief that son extends the lineage, enlarges the family tree, provides protection safety and security to the family and is necessary for salvation as he alone can light the funeral pyre and perform other death related rites and rituals. It is, therefore, essential that these socio and cultural factors be tackled by changing the thought process through awareness generation, mass appeal and social action. It’s a high time that we as a country come together and put an end to this heinous crime.

MILKHA SINGH

Milkha Singh, popularly known as “The Flying Sikh,” was a renowned Indian sprinter who began competing while serving in the Indian Army. On November 20th, 1929, Milkha Singh was born. He came from a Rathore Rajput Sikh household. Govindpura is a settlement in Punjab Province, British India, that is 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) from Muzaffargarh city (now in Pakistan).

Singh competed in the 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games in the 200m and 400m sprints for India. Due to his lack of experience, he did not go past the heat stages, but a meeting with Charles Jenkins, the 400m winner at those Games, encouraged him and gave him valuable information about training techniques. Singh won gold medals in the 200m and 400m in the National Games of India in Cuttack in 1958, He also won gold medals in the 200m and 400m at the Asian Games in 1958. With a time of 46.6 seconds, he won a gold medal in the 400m at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games. This performance earned him the position of first gold medallist from independent India in the Commonwealth Games. Singh won gold in the 400m and the 4 x 400m relay at the 1962 Asian Games in Jakarta.

Following his victory in 1958, Singh received the Padma Shri, India’s fourth-highest civilian honor. In 2001, he declined the Indian government’s offer of the Arjuna Award, claiming that it was designed to honor young athletes, not adults like him. Singh’s medals have all been donated to the country. They were first displayed in the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in New Delhi, then relocated to a sports museum in Patiala, where they were paired by a pair of running shoes he wore in Rome. In 2012, he gave the Adidas sneakers he used in 1960 400m final to be auctioned off by actor Rahul Bose for charity.

Milkha Singh, a renowned Indian sprinter, died on June 18 as a result of post-Covid problems. At the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, he was receiving treatment. The 91-year-old Milkha Singh tested positive for COVID-19 on May 19 but was placed in home isolation after indicating that he was asymptomatic at his Chandigarh house. However, on May 24, the renowned athlete was taken to the Fortis hospital’s ICU in Mohali owing to “COVID pneumonia.” On June 3, he was transferred to PGIMER in Chandigarh. He was cremated with full state honors.

Nirmal Kaur, who was a former national volleyball captain and also the wife of Milkha Singh, also died due to post-Covid problems. The couple died with a mere gap of 5 days.

In a statement, his family confirmed, “It is with extreme sadness that we would like to inform you that Milkha Singh Ji passed away at 11.30 pm. on the 18th of June 2021.”

Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India, paid tribute to the renowned sprinter. In his tweet, PM Modi wrote, “In the passing away of Shri Milkha Singh Ji, we have lost a colossal sportsperson, who captured the nation’s imagination and had a special place in the hearts of countless Indians. His inspiring personality endeared himself to millions. Anguished by his passing away.”

A tribute to Milkha singh

“The track, to me, was like an open book, in which I could read the meaning and purpose of life. I revered it like I would the sanctum sanctorum in a temple, where the deity resided and before whom I would humbly prostrate myself as a devotee. To keep me steadfast to my goal, I renounced all pleasures and distractions, to keep myself fit and healthy, and dedicated my life to the ground where I could practice and run. Running had thus become my God, my religion, and my beloved.”

 – Milkha Singh

Milkha Singh never looked back in outrage at that one minute when he’d fatefully looked back. Missing what might have been India’s most prominent track and field award — a bronze at the Rome Olympics in 1960 by 0.1 seconds — autonomous India’s to begin with wearing genius instructed a country entering its teenagers what a shock felt like. An Armed force man, who awed a Pakistan Common so much that he gave him the celebrated moniker “Flying Sikh”; a track legend who put India at the beginning pieces of the greatest donning arrange; and a trailblazer who requested fabulousness from all those who spoke to the nation — Milkha Singh passed absent from Covid-related complications late Friday at the age of 91.

Five days prior, Milkha’s spouse, Nirmal Kaur, a previous India volleyball captain, had misplaced her fight with the infection at a Mohali healing center. Milkha is survived by 14-time universal champ and golfer child Jeev Milkha Singh, girls Mona Singh, Sonia Singh, and Aleeza Grover — and a bequest that’s a portion of India’s donning legend.

Whereas his four gold decorations within the Asian Diversions and duels with Pakistan’s Abdul Khaliq lit up stadiums, one of Milkha’s more popular wins was his noteworthy 400m gold at point British Realm and Commonwealth Games in Cardiff, UK. Running within the outermost path at Cardiff Arms Stop before more than 70,000 fans, Milkha pipped the at that point world record holder, South Africa’s Malcolm Spence, clocking 46.6 seconds to form history and get his award from Ruler Elizabeth. After the race, as he told the BBC that he had satisfied his obligation towards his country, a youthful country learned to strut around overnight.

After the riots amid Segment claimed his guardians and three brothers, Milkha landed in Ferozepur in a military truck after a bad dream journey from Multan in a prepare doused in blood. Still a boy, he would sparkle boots of warriors and, on awful days, be constrained to take proportion to nourish his purge stomach. After two fizzled Armed force enlistment endeavors, Milkha joined EME, Secunderabad. And it’s within the shadow of the Golconda Post that he made a 10-man waitlist out of 500 for a 6-mile run and came beneath the tutelage of his, to begin with, coach, Havaldar Gurdev Singh.

Chipping absent at competition at inter-services meets, Milkha made the India camp in 1956, and booked a billet for the Melbourne Olympics, starting his 400m spell. He’d observe the greats streak past, as the desire to run as quick as they took root. Preparing till he dropped and with a fixation to win, Milkha begun setting national records, attempting his best to stay to a regimen written for him by Olympic winner Charles Jenkins in Melbourne. He was before long Asia’s best, and the highly-touted Pakistan runners would begin falling brief. It was Pakistan president Common Ayub Khan who blessed Milkha the “Flying Sikh” after he blitzed past the domestic nation’s Abdul Khaliq at a worldwide race in Lahore.

However, whereas reflecting within the gleam of knowledge of the past after his retirement, Milkha would liberally credit those he beat and was beaten by, calling them the pacesetters of his life. A survivor of the Segment, Milkha wouldn’t let the wounds putrefy, accepting that destiny’s casualties endured on both sides. He immovably recognized how his childhood in Pakistan and youth in India formed him as a battle-hardened sportsman. And he’d continuously allude to Abdul Khaliq as his shadow, strolling ahead in some cases, falling back on others, but twinned until the end of time, each pushing the other.

There was epic elegance in his falling flat at the Olympics, as well. In a race where Otis Davis of the USA set a world record of 44.9 seconds with Carl Kauffman of Germany wrapping up a near moment, Milkha set the national record of 45.6 seconds. Afterward, he conceded that looking back at the halfway organize had fetched him valuable time but wouldn’t brood on it. He grasped the result as fate. Milkha was continuously thankful for anything he accomplished, instead of remaining gloomy over what he missed.

As he nursed his drink and busied his hard-earned retirement a long time of consolation in Chandigarh, playing golf and developing ancient encompassed by grandchildren, with an undiminished get-up-and-go for life, Milkha instructed his nation how to require all that life tossed at him, in what was his amazing walk.

He was and will be a legend.May his soul rest in peace.

YOGA

Yoga could be a word that got to be prevalent over the world within the last few years. Yoga isn’t as it were advantageous for the body but moreover for the intellect. It makes a difference to move forward bloodstream and makes a difference in building intellect clarity. For ages, yoga was known to be useful for our physical & mental wellbeing. It not as it were makes a difference for us to remain calm but moreover makes a difference us to lose weight. During this progressing coronavirus widespread, when we are all bound to live a confined life beneath the steady fear of contamination dangers, it is common for anybody to create uneasiness. The ceaseless stream of negative news, the insufficiency of day-by-day assets, everything is included in this developing uneasiness and misery. Being limited at domestic for such long periods of time can be mentally challenging for us. When our intellect is overflowed with the instability of end of, we regularly encounter restless evenings causing weariness. Numerous of us are incapable to unwind our intellect amid this time subsequently expanding the stretch on our minds. 

Amid this time, it is imperative to get it that mental wellbeing is exceptionally critical for survival. To assist with this developing level of uneasiness and misery, we must lead a sound way of life, remain associated with our cherished ones, and hone yoga at domestic.

WHY YOGA?

Persistent uneasiness or push can show numerous well-being conditions such as tall blood weight, muscle pressure, breathing issues, etc. Push is the component that triggers our thoughtful anxious framework causing all these wellbeing issues and in such circumstances, yoga can offer assistance to us to remain calm. The pose and asanas of yoga offer assistance to diminish muscle pressure, joint issues and unwind our thoughtful framework, coming about in a loose intellect. There is a parcel of yoga postures that offer assistance to oversee our blood weight level and uneasiness. Yoga moreover educates us to direct our breath, which can make an individual feel loose and at peace.

YOGA DURING THE PANDEMIC

To live through this lockdown & widespread period, yoga is the most excellent thing to embrace as a way of life propensity. It makes a difference us construct a solid physical, mental and otherworldly wellbeing framework. When combined with breathing and contemplation, it acts as the most excellent component to require care of our intellect, body, and soul. There are diverse shapes of yoga that can offer assistance to us to remain physically solid and rationally adjusted. It could moreover be something you’ll be able to propel others in your family & social circle to do because it seems to offer assistance to them get through these times effortlessly & soundly. Rather like a typical walk within the stop or 30 minutes of hard-core exercise center working out, Yoga brings its possess enhance and benefits to the table, which can be performed by individuals of all ages, and gives you with an all-encompassing sense of wellbeing, which is particularly required amid these times.

INTERNATIONAL DAY OF YOGA 

Yoga is accepted to have started in India thousands of a long time prior additionally finds say in ancient mythological books just like the Fix Veda. On 27 September 2014, Prime minister Narendra Modi, amid his discourse at the Joined together Countries (UN) Common Gathering, proposed the thought of practicing “Yoga Day.” In his discourse, Modi named Yoga as an ‘invaluable blessing of India’s old tradition’ and highlighted the significance of yoga for keeping up “harmony between man and nature.” The draft determination passed by India was sponsored by 177 countries and the primary Worldwide Yoga Day was celebrated on June 21, 2015.

THEME FOR 2021

Concurring to the UN site, the topic for Worldwide Yoga Day 2021 is “Yoga for well-being”, i.e. how the hone of Yoga can advance the all-encompassing wellbeing of each person. With the COVID-19 widespread compounding mental enduring and mental wellbeing issues, numerous individuals have been grasping Yoga to remain sound and to battle confinement and sadness.

Yoga plays an imperative part within the psycho-social care and recovery of COVID-19 patients in isolation and segregation. As per the site, the message of Yoga in advancing both the physical and mental well-being of humankind has never been more pertinent. The World Wellbeing Association (WHO) has moreover inquired its part states to hone Yoga and has included it in its Worldwide Activity Arrange for physical movement 2018-30.

Yoga is all about creating a balance in your life. It is about balancing your senses, balancing your body, soul, and mind in order to live healthily and live in peace. Wishing you a peaceful and healthy life on International Yoga Day.

DIGITAL MARKETING

INTRODUCTION

Digital marketing is the response to marketing your goods and services through digital means. Digital marketing is done through the Internet. We can connect to it through internet, computer, mobile phone, laptop, website advertisements or any other applications.

The first few attempts were made in the 1980s to establish a digital market but this was not possible. Its name and usage started in the late 1990s. Digital marketing is a simple way to reach new customers. It carries out marketing activities. It can also be called online marketing. Digital marketing is marketing to reach more people in less time. It is a technological developing area.

TYPES OF DIGITAL MARKETING

(i) Search engine optimization or SEO: This is a technical medium that places your website at the top of the search engine results which increases the number of visitors. For this, we have to make our website according to keyword and SEO guidelines.

(ii) Social Media Marketing: Social media is made up of many websites – such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, etc. Through social media, a person can express his views in front of thousands of people. You are well aware of social media. When we see this site, we see advertisements on it at certain intervals, it is effective and effective means for advertising.

(iii) Email Marketing: E-mail marketing is the delivery of your products via email to any company. Email marketing is necessary for every company in every way, because any company gives new offers and discounts to customers on time, for which email marketing is an easy way.

(iv) YouTube Channel: Social media is a medium in which producers have to communicate their products directly to the people. People can also express their reaction on this. This is the medium where there is a crowd of many people or just say that a large number of users / viewers live on YouTube. It is an easy and popular way to make your product visible to the public by making videos.

(v) Affiliate Marketing: The remuneration that is earned by advertising products through websites, blogs or links is called Affiliate Marketing. Under this, you create your link and put your product on that link. When a customer buys your product by pressing that link, you get hard on it.

(vi) Pay per click advertising or PPC marketing: The advertisement which you have to pay to see is called Pay Per Click Advertising. As it is being known by its name that money is deducted by clicking on it. This is for every type of advertisement. These advertisements keep coming in between. If someone sees these advertisements, then money is deducted. It is also a type of digital marketing.

(vii) Apps Marketing: Making different apps on the Internet to reach people and promote their product on it is called apps marketing. This is the best way of digital marketing. Nowadays a large number of people are using smart phones. Big companies make their apps and make the apps accessible to the people.

IMPORTANCE OF DIGITAL MARKETING

Digital marketing is capable of functioning through the Internet. Today’s society is struggling with scarcity, so digital marketing has become necessary. Every person is connected to the internet, they can use it easily everywhere. If you ask to meet someone, they will say I do not have time, but on the social site, they will have no problem talking to you. Given all these things, digital marketing is making its way in this era.

The public can easily get their favorite and necessary goods through the internet as per their convenience. Now people avoid going to the market, in such a situation, digital marketing helps the business to reach its products and services logo. Digital marketing can show different types of the same item in a short period of time and consumers can quickly consume what they like. Through this, the consumer goes to the market to enjoy the goods, the time it takes to come and go .It has become necessary in the present tense. The trader is also getting help in business. He can also connect with more people in a short time and can convey the characteristics of his product to the consumer.

FUTURE OF DIGITAL MARKETING

Change is the law of nature. Today’s life is the age of the Internet. People of all varnas are connected to the Internet today, due to all this it is easy to collect all the people in one place, which was not possible in the first time. Through internet, we can also establish the connection of all businessmen and customers. The demand for digital marketing is being seen very strongly in the present times. The merchant who is making his goods is easily passing on to the customer. This is giving a boost to digital business.

Earlier, had to resort to advertisements. The customer looked at him, then liked, then he bought it. But now goods can be sent directly to the consumer. Every person is using Google, Facebook, YouTube, etc., through which the trader shows his product to the customer. This trade is within the reach of all – traders and consumers too. Every person gets every use thing without any hard work. The businessman does not even have to think of resorting to newspapers, posters, or advertisements. In view of the convenience of all, there is demand for it. People’s trust is also moving towards the digital market. This is a matter of joy for a businessman. The saying goes, “What you see is what sells” – the digital market is a good example of this.

FEMINISM

INTRODUCTION

Feminism is a social and political movement that advocates for the rights of women on the grounds of equality of sexes. It does not deny the biological differences between the sexes but demands equality in opportunities. It covers everything from social and political to economic arenas. In fact, feminist campaigns have been a crucial part of history in women empowerment. The feminist campaigns of the twentieth century made the right to vote, public property, work and education possible. Thus, an essay on feminism will discuss its importance and impact.

KINDS OF FEMINISM

1.Liberal Feminism: It attempts to focus on women’s individuality and independence. It demands equality and liberty. Freedom of choices is the key to development. Some of the notable Liberal Feminists are Abigail Adams and Mary Wollstonecraft.

2.Radical Feminism: The body of Feminism that arose from the civil liberties movement of 1967-68. Radical Feminism believes the male -capitalist mentality as well as the forces of the state to be the sole reason for women’s oppression.

3.Marxist and Socialist Feminism: The Marxist Feminism believes that to liberate women from age-old oppression, the forces of the capitalist society need to be overthrown; otherwise, equality of sexes cannot be achieved.

4.Cultural Feminism: Cultural Feminism is a more recent transformation of radical Feminism. Radical Feminism tried to transform the dominant patriarchal society into a more inclusive one. However, Cultural Feminism is an attempt to create an alternative to the dominant society and try to increase its acceptance.

5.Eco Feminism: Eco Feminism is more of a spiritual ideology which beliefs on the exploitation of patriarchal resources to be the solution for women’s liberation.

IMPORTANCE OF FEMINISM

Feminism is not just important for women but for every sex, gender, caste, creed and more. It empowers the people and society as a whole. A very common misconception is that only women can be feminists. It is absolutely wrong but feminism does not just benefit women. It strives for equality of the sexes, not the superiority of women. Feminism takes the gender roles which have been around for many years and tries to deconstruct them.

This allows people to live freely and empower lives without getting tied down by traditional restrictions. In other words, it benefits women as well as men. For instance, while it advocates that women must be free to earn it also advocates that why should men be the sole breadwinner of the family? It tries to give freedom to all. Most importantly, it is essential for young people to get involved in the feminist movement. This way, we can achieve faster results. It is no less than a dream to live in a world full of equality.

Thus, we must all look at our own cultures and communities for making this dream a reality. We have not yet reached the result but we are on the journey, so we must continue on this mission to achieve successful results.

IMPACT OF FEMINISM

Feminism has had a life-changing impact on everyone, especially women. If we look at history, we see that it is what gave women the right to vote. It was no small feat but was achieved successfully by women. Further, if we look at modern feminism, we see how feminism involves in life-altering campaigns. For instance, campaigns that support the abortion of unwanted pregnancy and reproductive rights allow women to have freedom of choice. Moreover, feminism constantly questions patriarchy and strives to renounce gender roles. It allows men to be whoever they wish to be without getting judged. It is not taboo for men to cry anymore because they must be allowed to express themselves freely. Similarly, it also helps the LGBTQ community greatly as it advocates for their right too. Feminism gives a place for everyone and it is best to practice intersectional feminism to understand everyone’s struggle.

CONCLUSION

The key message of feminism must be to highlight the choice in bringing personal meaning to feminism. It is to recognize other’s right for doing the same thing. The sad part is that despite feminism being a strong movement, there are still parts of the world where inequality and exploitation of women take places. Thus, we must all try to practice intersectional feminism.

POVERTY

INTRODUCTION

Poverty refers to a situation in which a person remain underprivileged from the basic necessities of life. In addition, the person does not have an inadequate supply of food, shelter, and clothes. In India, most of the people who are suffering from poverty cannot afford to pay for a single meal a day. Also, they sleep on the roadside; wear dirty old clothes. In addition, they do not get proper healthy and nutritious food, neither medicine nor any other necessary thing.

CAUSES OF POVERTY

The rate of poverty in India is increasing because of the increase in the urban population. The rural people are migrating to cities to find better employment. Most of these people find an underpaid job or an activity that pays only for their food. Most importantly, around crores of urban people are below the poverty line and many of the people are on the borderline of poverty. Besides, a huge number of people live in low-lying areas or slums. These people are mostly illiterate and in spite of efforts their condition remains the same and there is no satisfactory result.

Furthermore, there are many reasons that we can say are the major cause of poverty in India. These causes include corruption, growing population, poor agriculture, the wide gap of rich and poor, old customs, illiteracy, unemployment and few more. A large section of people are engaged in an agricultural activity but the activity pays very less in comparison to the work done by employees. Also, more population needs more food, houses and money and in the lack of these facilities the poverty grows very quickly. In addition, being extra poor and extra rich also widens the gap between the rich and poor. Moreover, the rich are growing richer and the poor are getting poorer creating an economic gap that is difficult to fill up.

EFFECTS OF POVERTY

It affects people living in a lot of ways. Also, it has various effects that include illiteracy, reduced nutrition and diet, poor housing, child labor, unemployment, poor hygiene and lifestyle, and feminization of poverty, etc. Besides, this poor people cannot afford a healthy and balanced diet, nice clothes, proper education, a stable and clean house, etc. because all these facilities require money and they don’t even have money to feed two meals a day then how can they afford to pay for these facilities.

SOLUTION FOR POVERTY ERADICATION

For solving the problem of poverty it is necessary for us to act quickly and correctly. Some of the ways of solving these problems are to provide proper facilities to farmers. So, that they can make agriculture profitable and do not migrate to cities in search of employment. Also, illiterate people should be given the required training so that they can live a better life. To check the rising population, family planning should be followed. Besides, measures should be taken to end corruption, so that we can deal with the gap between rich and poor.

CONCLUSION

Poverty is not the problem of a person but of the whole nation. Also, it should be deal with on an urgent basis by the implementation of effective measures. In addition, eradication of poverty has become necessary for the sustainable and inclusive growth of people, society, country, and economy.

UNEMPLOYMENT

INTRODUCTION

Unemployment is a very serious issue not only in India but in the whole world. There are hundreds and thousands of people out there who do not have employment. Besides, the problems of unemployment are very severe in India because of the growing population and demand for jobs. Moreover, if we neglect this problem then it will be going to become the reason for the doom of the nation.

MEANING OF UNEMPLOYMENT

Unemployment refers to a situation in which a skilled and talented people wanted to do a job. But cannot find a proper job due to several reasons.

TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT

The various types of unemployment include disguised unemployment, seasonal unemployment, open unemployment, technological unemployment, structural unemployment. Besides, some other unemployment is cyclic unemployment, educated unemployment, underemployment, frictional unemployment, chronic unemployment, and casual unemployment. Above all, seasonal unemployment, under unemployment, and disguised unemployment are the most common unemployment that is found in India.

REASONS FOR UNEMPLOYMENT

In a country like India, there is much reason for a large section of the population for being unemployed. Some of these factors are population growth, slow economic growth, seasonal occupation, slow growth of the economic sector, and fall in the cottage industry. Moreover, these are the major reason for unemployment in India. Also, the situation has become so drastic that highly educated people are ready to do the job of a sweeper. Besides, the government is not doing his work seriously.

Apart from all these, a large portion of the population is engaged in the agricultural sector and the sector only provides employment in harvest or plantation time. In addition, the biggest reason of unemployment in India is its vast population which demands a large number of jobs every year which the government and authorities are unable to provide.

CONSEQUENCES OF UNEMPLOYMENT

The various consequences of unemployment include increase in poverty, an increase in crime rate, exploitation of labor, political instability, mental health, and loss of skills. As a result, all this will eventually lead to the demise of the nation.

INITIATIVE BY THE GOVERNMENT

The government has taken the problem very seriously and have taken measures to slowly reduce unemployment. Some of these schemes includes IRDP (Integrated Rural Development Programme), DPAP (Drought Prone Area Programme), Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, Employment Assurance Scheme, NRY (Nehru Rozgar Yojana), Training for self-Employment, PMIUPEP (Prime Minister’s Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Program), employment exchange, Employment Guarantee Scheme, development of organized sector, small and cottage industries, employment in forging countries, and Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana and few more. Besides, these schemes the government also make some rules flexible, so that employment can be created in the private sector also.

CONCLUSION

The problem of unemployment in India has reached a critical stage. But, now the government and local authorities have taken the problem seriously and working on it to reduce unemployment. Also, to completely solve the issue of unemployment we have to tackle the main issue of unemployment that is the vast population of India.

HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

INTRODUCTION

It is said that it is easy to learn and maintain bad habits but it is very difficult to switch them back. The issue of a healthy lifestyle is very serious but the people take it very lightly. Often, it is seen that the people take steps to improve their lifestyle but due to lack of determination quits in the midway.

Moreover, for a healthy lifestyle is it important that you take small and one-step at a time. Also, do not go overboard with it. Besides, this healthy lifestyle will help you in life in a lot of ways.

HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

For keeping your body and mind healthy you have to follow certain rules that will help you achieve your goal. Besides, there are certain measures that will help you to stay healthy. First of all, for being healthy you have to plan and follow a strict diet. This diet should contain all the essential minerals and vitamins required by the body. Also, eat only healthy food and avoid junk and heavily carbohydrate and fatty food.

In addition, wake up early in the morning because first of all, it’s a healthy habit. Secondly, waking up early means you can get ready for your work early, spend some quality time with your family. Besides, this decides time for your sleep and sleep early because it de-stresses body. Doing exercise regularly makes your body more active and it also releases the pent-up stress from the muscles.

Avoid the mobile- the biggest drawback of this generation is that they are obsessed with their mobile phones. Moreover, these phones cause many physical and mental problem for them. So, to avoid the negative effects of mobile the usage volume of them should be reduced. Connecting with positive minds because the more you indulge with these people then less you will go to the negative side.

BAD HABITS TO BE AVOIDED

Bad habits affect our healthy lifestyle. These habits can cause much harm to not only to the body but to the society too. In addition, these habits are also the cause of many evils of society. The major healthy lifestyle destroying habits are smoking, drinking, junk food, addiction, meal skipping, and overuse of pills.

All these activities severely damage body parts and organs which cannot be replaced easily. Besides, they not only cause physical damage but mental damage too.

BENEFITS OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

A healthy lifestyle has many benefits not only for the body but for the mind too. Also, if you follow a healthy lifestyle then you can reduce the risk of having cancer, heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and osteoporosis.

To sum it up, we can say that there are various benefits of living a healthy lifestyle. Also, a healthy lifestyle has many benefits to your social as well as personal life. Besides, it improves the relationships in the family. Most importantly, the person who lives a healthy lifestyle lives longer as compared to those who do not.

CONCLUSION

If you do maintain a healthy lifestyle, there are many benefits, and not only for your body. Some are maintaining a healthy weight, reducing risk of developing heart disease, increasing energy levels, assisting a healthy immune system, and it helps you to be more social. Having a healthy lifestyle is crucial for giving your body everything that it needs.

AFFORESTATION

INTRODUCTION

Afforestation is the creation of a forest or tree stand in a region where no earlier vegetation cover existed. Forests provide us with oxygen and are an essential condition for survival. Our country’s population increase has contributed to a decrease in the forest area. The forests that purify the air were cut down, and new towns and factories were built in their place.

Not only has this impacted the world, but it has also affected us the most because we have disrupted the balance of nature that was important to our survival. Hence, recognising the value of afforestation is the need of the hour. March 21st is the UN International Day of Forests, which promotes forest and trees’ importance in our lives. Also, Van Mahotsav is an annual one week tree planting festival in India, celebrated in the 1st week of July.

SIGNIFICANCE OF AFFORESTATION

“Afforestation” is important in India, as rapid deforestation occurs in many areas where new industries and urbanisation are emerging. The Western Ghats in India are renowned for their lush green mountains, beautiful rice fields, waterfalls and blooming environment. Due to the factories and heavy construction work, these mountain valleys are continually eroding. Widespread deforestation has led to devastating flooding and landslides. It is also possible to quote the value of “afforestation” for forest protection to safeguard the wildlife. The wild animals face a dearth of inhabitable forest regions and the land is being cleared for agricultural and industrial purposes.

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF AFFORESTATION

Forests are a source of renewable energy and contribute significantly to economic growth. They play a significant role in improving environmental sustainability. As per the 2007 assessment, the country’s forest cover is 690,899 km2 which is 21.02 percent of its geographical area. Very dense forest forms 83,510 km2 (2.54 percent), moderately dense forest for 319,012 km2 (9.71 percent) and open forest forms 288,377 km2 (8.77 percent) of the geographical area protected by the scrub for 41,525 km2 (1.26 per cent).

BENEFITS OF AFFORESTATION

Forests are providing raw materials for pulp, panel goods, matching wood and other wood industry. Forests are also a source of various minor but essential items such as bamboo, canes, grasses, essential oils, medicinal plants, lacquer, resins, fatty oils, fats, gum, tanning content, painting, animal products, etc. Any of these goods are precious foreign currency earners. Forests play a crucial role in our country’s economy. They produce a range of forest products, major and small. Timber and firewood are big items.

These are used for industrial purposes and charging. Forests offer natural protection against storms of dust, hot winds and erosion. According to an estimate, we consume four times as much wood as is regenerated each year in the forests and other tree lands. If this plundering of forests is avoided, the resources of forests in India will soon become extinct.

NATIONAL AFFORESTATION PROGRAM

The overall objective of the National Afforestation Programme (NAP) scheme is the ecological restoration of degraded forests and to develop the forest resources with peoples’ participation, with a focus on improvement in livelihoods of the forest-fringe communities, especially the poor. 

NAP aims to support and accelerate the on-going process of devolving forest conservation, protection, management, and development functions to the Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) at the village level, which are registered societies. 

COMPONENTS OF THE SCHEME

The major components of the scheme include; 

Afforestation under Seven plantation models

Maintenance of previous years plantations and Ancillary Activities like soil and moisture conservation activities (SMC)

Fencing, overheads, monitoring, and evaluation (M&E)

Micro-planning,Awareness-raising and Entry Point Activities (EPA) etc.

CONCLUSION

Afforestation is the most important program every people in the world should follow to save the future. For that awareness programs should be conducted among the general public for the benefit of the forest. People should be encouraged to create their own forests. So the public forest should be quiet among the local people. Forests can conserve soil. Some seasonal rains are also important. Rivers, hilly areas, and uncultivated fields must be put to good use by planting trees.

Afforestation can help conserve wildlife, herbal remedies, and a number of other things that are important for mankind. Forest conservation is equally important. Strict laws should be enacted to protect forests. Since people do not know much about forests, they cut down trees for various purposes. People should be educated about the negative effects of deforestation and the beauty of the forest, which means that afforestation helps to balance the earth’s water cycle that develops humanity in the world for many generations.

Why Doesn’t China Play Cricket ?

1. Importance of Olympics:

China is a country where people give a lot of emphasis on sports in the Olympics. As we are already aware cricket isn’t a part of the Olympics. Also the fact that cricket has a very less chance to feature in Olympics in future. Hence cricket isn’t popular sport in China. 

Although China has its national cricket team, China cricket team is not considered as a part of regular international cricket playing nation. 

As other sports in China gets much more attention than cricket, cricket in China isn’t popular like many other sports.

Chinese team and players have a very good track record in the Olympics. China usually ranks 2nd in the medals tally in Olympics.

The big reason behind the above fact is China invest a lot in other sports like Football, Table Tennis, Badminton etc. As a result apart from Basketball and Football Chinese players are considered best in sports like badminton and Table Tennis.

So in short, too much importance on sports of the Olympics is one of the biggest reason why China doesn’t play cricket.

2. British Rulers Impact:

Britishers have ruled in major of the world in the past. Countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal were ruled by the British. So it’s quite obvious why cricket is popular sports in these nations as Cricket is originated from England. On the other hand, China was never colonised by British rulers while all the other cricket playing nations were ruled by Britishers for so long.

Britisher’s kings used to play and organise a lot of cricketing matches for entertainment & to follow their culture.

So that’s one of the biggest reason why countries like India, Pakistan, Australia plays cricket & China doesn’t play cricket as China never came under English Dominion.

One more factor which plays an important role is that China isn’t a former commonwealth country. 

3. Global Recognition:

Sports like football, tennis are recognised all over the Globe. But initially, only 22 nations used to play cricket. However, now there are around 100 nations which are connected with ICC (International Cricket Council). 

But as cricket is not recognised globally, making it popular in a huge country like China that too without any Cricketing culture is phenomenally difficult. Also, the fact that – to grow in a particular field or sports you need to have a role model in that field. Chinese kids lack role models as cricket is not popular sports in China.

Many countries don’t play cricket but there are teams like Germany, Italy & Argentina plays cricket but they are not noticeable.

China women’s team recently took part in the Women’s World T-20 qualifiers, and they played well to some extent. But the problem is that they didn’t play a noticeable level of cricket & hasn’t made their mark.

Cricket is slowly getting a place in sports in China. According to Wikipedia cricket is now played in nine cities in China, namely Beijing, Shanghai, Shenyang, Dalian, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Tianjin and Jinan. More than 150 schools have been involved.

India-Pakistan matches are already very popular, now imagine what if China also comes to the cricket ground, it will become an interesting thing. However it doesn’t seem happening anytime soon, still we hope that we would see China playing cricket some day.