- Entrepreneurship
- Human Resources
- Marketing
- Technology Management
FINFET ASIC Innovational Platform for ULSI Industries : Big Exclusive >>>>>>
Sophisticated, specialized ASIC technology is making an impact on the everyday world around us. Whether it’s a gadget you can have a conversation with, a car that will take over driving from time to time, or internet speeds that seem impossibly fast, there is likely sophisticated custom silicon present as a critical enabling technology. Plenty has been written about advanced ASICs for networking, computing, AI and 5G applications. FinFET technology is always part of the conversation. So is 2.5D packaging and the associated HBM2 memory stacks. We talk about high-speed interfaces and specialized memories.
All of this is really important and quite relevant, but there is another dimension that is often overlooked. In order to minimize time to market, you must avoid distractions from your one true mission – developing that core element of the chip that will make your product truly different. And in order to achieve that, you must make sure that you have all of the supporting elements not only available, but pre-integrated and pre-verified in such a way that they can be “plugged” into your design with predictable interoperability.
Consider that the elements of a typical advanced ASIC are delivered by more than one IP provider and several supply chain partners. How do you ensure all this capability works together? Even more daunting, how do you ensure you can configure parts of the design without breaking other parts? eSilicon has considered this problem for quite a while and our answer is clear.
You need a platform. A market-specific platform.

A platform delivers relevant IP to a pre-specified chip architecture. It ensures the IP is compatible across technology and operating condition choices and it delivers flexibility and configurability through careful design of the IP components. These tenets apply to the IP developed by the platform provider of course. But they also must apply to any third-party partner IP as well. Building a reliable and robust platform isn’t easy and doesn’t happen quickly.
The benefits of using a platform for FinFET ASIC design can be quite rewarding. For example: achieving the required performance for a switching ASIC by tuning memory configurations or adding a few SerDes lanes. Or, modifying the convolution algorithm for a deep learning ASIC by swapping one IP tile for another. The consistency, compatibility and predictability of a platform can be the margin of victory.

And yet, platforms do not serve every conceivable chip if you want to preserve the efficiency and performance that drove you to an ASIC in the first place. Platforms must be market-specific, even if many of their components are similar or the same. As an example, the PPA targets, number of elements and required bandwidth of an AI chip are widely different from a top-of-rack data center switching chip. So, one size does not fit all.
So, where does a platform fit then? If you build it properly and make it sufficiently configurable, it will be able to support many requirements across a given market. This works well for building families of products and derivatives.
Reference – https://divyanshspacetech.wordpress.com
Two Days Interdisciplinary International e-Conference on Impact of COVID-19 on Various Areas of Global Economy, Science & Humanities
Date of Conference: 24 & 25 June 2020
Venue: Virtual Conference
Organized by: Collaboratively organised by Gondwana University Gadchiroli, Chintamani College of Commerce, Pombhurna; Chintamani Mahavidyalaya, Pombhurna; Chintamani Mahavidyalaya Ghugus; Chintamani College of Arts and Science, Gondpipri; Chintamani College of Science, Pombhurna
URL of the Conference: www.chintamani.edu.in
Brief of Conference: e-Conference organised for academic development
Theme and Sub-Themes: Economics ⢠Future of work system after COVID-19 Economic opportunities for India after locked down Effect of locked-down on employment & wages ⢠Central & State Govt. Packages- need, role, advantages & challenges. ⢠Challenges in safely reopening the economy Impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the economic development of country. ⢠Thinking locally Acting Globally! (Based central government vision for reopening the economy) ⢠Role of the employees in globe development after the scenario of the Covid-19 crisis. ⢠Pricing policies of firm or industry after locked down. ⢠Effect of COVID-19 and locked down on production cost. ⢠Migration of labour during locked down & its effect on MSMEâs ⢠Effect of locked down on factors of production. ⢠Challenges in balancing income & expenditure for individual, firm & government ⢠Impact of COVID-19 on long and short term policies and strategies ⢠Global socioeconomic impact of covid-19 ⢠Impact of COVID-19 on FDI, investments and share markets ⢠Impact of COVID-19 on Agriculture Sector. Commerce & Management ⢠Impact of COVID-19 on Banking/Insurance/Transport/Etc. ⢠Challenges in front of MSMEâs during and after locked down ⢠Challenges in front of traders during and after locked down. ⢠Challenges to fulfil the trained workforce after labour migration. ⢠The prevention and management of staff in institutes during post era of pandemic Covid-19. ⢠Challenges of managers during and after locked down ⢠Marketing challenges & remedial strategies during and after locked down. ⢠New theories of management after locked down. ⢠Role of local products during locked down. Languages & Literature ⢠Expecting life style of people in forthcoming period after pandemic Covid-19. ⢠Fundamental Accountability of an educated citizen during pandemic presentiality. ⢠Odd and even psychological effects among country people of disastrous presentiality of Covid-19. ⢠Exploring new ability of writing during COVID-19 ⢠Effect of COVID-19 on writers, poets, & thinkers. ⢠Impact of locked-down & quarantine on reading habits. ⢠Role of e-books & e-literature during COVID-19 Social Sciences: ⢠Role of political and social organisations during and after locked down. ⢠Impact of COVID-19 on International relations ⢠Impact of locked down on assembly work system. ⢠Political challenges during and after locked down. ⢠Relationship between Centre & State Govt. ⢠Changing structure of federation after COVID-19 ⢠International Diplomacy in India and other countries after COVID-19 ⢠Role of administration and citizens in health emergency. ⢠Social distancing V/s physical distancing. ⢠Religion, culture V/s treatment with COVID-19 deceased. ⢠Religious places and locked down. ⢠Social challenges during and after locked down. ⢠Histories of epidemic diseases and teachings ⢠COVID-19 and its historic impressions. ⢠Humanity and moral responsibilities of human being during crises. Education & Sports ⢠Role of digital education system during and post ⢠Future of Education after locked down. ⢠Advantages and Disadvantages of online teaching learning program in Covid-19 situation. ⢠Collegiate studentâs role during and post era of pandemic Covid-19. ⢠Creating new technical resources for virtual meeting and online practical lab. ⢠Impact of Covid-19 on Sport economy. ⢠Scope of Physical Science and Technology in various fields after COVID-19 ⢠Stress management other roles of yoga, pranayam & meditation during Covid-19 pandemic. ⢠Stress management and mental health wellness tips for quarantine during pandemic covid-19 ⢠Psychological effect of Covid-19 on Elite sport players. ⢠Covid-19 and sport tourism. ⢠Covid-19 impact on Sport and leisure industries. ⢠Essential goals of health management during quarantine period. ⢠Role of standard precautions and use of personal protective equipment during pandemic Covid-19. ⢠Impact of social distancing and personal hygiene during Covid-19. Science & Technology ⢠Covid-19 outbreak: psycho social support to youth ⢠Covid-19 pandemic and need of vaccine. ⢠Effectiveness of Plasma Therapy for Corona virus infection. ⢠Ayurveda and Covid-19. ⢠Role of vitamin D as an immunomodulator in Covid-19. ⢠Strategic changes required to tackle health emergency. ⢠Biodiversity at local, national and global levels. ⢠India as a mega biodiversity nation. ⢠Conservation of biodiversity at global level. ⢠Impact of the Covid-19 Crisis on healthcare crisis across the globe. ⢠Impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the environmental issues. ⢠Impact on Climate and various mitigation strategies. ⢠Creating new possibilities in environmental pollution after the Covid-19 crisis. ⢠Basic infrastructure changes required to tackle with pandemics.
Email: conference@chintamani.edu.in
Defence forces stand strong towards protecting sovereignty and integrity of the country: Army Chief
Army Chief General MM Naravane today said all ranks of the Indian Army salute the supreme sacrifice of valiant soldiers at Galwan. General Naravane said , their sacrifices will not go in vain.
Offering deepest condolences to the families, Army Chief said, the Defence forces stand strong towards protecting the sovereignty and integrity of the country.
EAM S Jaishankar lodges strong protest to his Chinese counterpart Wang Yi on violent face off in Galwan Valley
External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar has conveyed to his Chinese counterpart Wang Yi, India’s protest in strongest terms on violent face-off in Galwan on 15th of this month. External Affairs Ministry said in a release that Dr Jaishankar and the Chinese Foreign Minister had a phone conversation on Wednesday afternoon on recent developments in Ladakh. Dr Jaishankar recalled that at the meeting of senior Military Commanders held on 6th June, an agreement was reached on de-escalation and disengagement along the Line of Actual Control.
Ground commanders were meeting regularly to implement this consensus throughout the last week. While there was some progress, the Chinese side sought to erect a structure in Galwan valley on Indian side of the LAC. While this became a source of dispute, the Chinese side took pre-meditated and planned action that was directly responsible for the resulting violence and casualties. It reflected an intent to change the facts on ground in violation of all agreements to not change the status quo.
Dr Jaishankar stressed that this unprecedented development will have a serious impact on the bilateral relationship. He said the need of the hour was for the Chinese side to reassess its actions and take corrective steps. The two sides should scrupulously and sincerely implement the understanding that was reached by the Senior Commanders on 6th June. The Minister said, troops of both sides should also abide by the bilateral agreements and protocols. They should strictly respect and observe the line of actual control and should not take any unilateral action to alter it.
The Chinese Foreign Minister on his part, conveyed the Chinese position on recent developments. They agreed that the overall situation would be handled in a responsible manner, and both sides would implement the disengagement understanding of 6 June sincerely. Neither side would take any action to escalate matters and instead, ensure peace and tranquility as per bilateral agreements and protocols.
India will give befitting reply to anyone who tries to impunge upon its sovereignty and integrity, asserts PM
The martyrdom of Indian Soldiers who died fighting in the violent clash in the Galwan Valley in Eastern Ladakh will not go in vain. Prime Minister Narendra Modi said this in his remarks before the second day of virtual meeting with the State and Union Territories Chief Ministers to chalk out further roadmap to embolden nation’s fight against the global pandemic. He said, India will give a befitting reply to anyone who tries to impunge upon its sovereignty and integrity.
Mr. Modi paid homage to the martyred soldiers and remembered their valour. He said, India is a peace loving nation which thrives on the principle of sacrifice. Mr. Modi asserted that India always strives to reach out to its neighbouring countries in order to arrive at a common consensus.
Highlighting the valour and courage of Indian soldiers, the Prime Minister said, the Nation has always prayed for peace in the region but in case of any incitement, it is ready to give a befitting reply. Mr. Modi and the participating Chief Ministers stood up and observed two minute silence remembering the martyrs of Galwan Valley.
BEST WAY TO LEARN PYTHON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Python is a very popular programming language. It was developed by Guido van Rossum & released in 1991. Guido van Rossum started implementing Python in 1989. Python is not difficult programming language to learn so even if you are new in programming you can learn python without facing any issues. There are many best way to learn python programming.
And below i have mentioned them to the best of my knowledge
Python is used for:
web development (server-side)
software development
mathematics
system scripting
WHY SHOULD YOU LEARN PYTHON PROGRAMMING?
Python works on different platforms e.g. Windows, Mac, Linux and Raspberry Pi
Python has a very simple syntax similar to the English language.
Python has simple syntax that allows developers to write programs with fewer lines than some other languages.
Python runs on an interpreter system, meaning that code can be executed as soon as it’s written.
Python is the most widely used programming languages in the field of AI.
Developers used Python to build productivity tools games & desktop apps, so there are variety of way that help you to learn python programming
You can prefer below mentioned best book to learn python programming:
Python Crash Course
Head-First Python, 2nd edition
Learn Python 3 the Hard Way
Real Python Course, Part 1
How important is it to learn python?
Easier to learn which keeps you going to learn anything & everything in Python
Development is faster than C and Java. In today’s development arena for a corporation beginning , the most challenge is building the merchandise first & fast & then keep doing the feature enhancements & bug fixing.
Python programmers are less compared to Java/C/C++/C# etc so finding a Python resource is also not easy hence Python developers are often paid higher.
Strong Python community. From free workshop to Meetups Volunteered Conferences every Python Developer will be willing to help you if you are stuck.
Last but not the least- Once you start learning python programming language, you will fall in love with it & I bet she will not cheat or dump you & probably you would end up getting married with her.
Type Of Jobs Which Are Available To Python Programmers?
There are too many roles Are Available To Python Programmers within the job market, Python is usually checked out as a robust secondary supplemental language to a primary language that is more broadly used like C/Java.
There are a different types of jobs that one can get focusing exclusively on Python development, so, Some of these jobs will be in building and enhancing the internal tools that a company uses to develop its finished marketable products rather than working on the finished product itself.
One specific economic sector where the presence of Python programming language is particularly very strong is the geospatial industry. This is a critical industry that deals in navigational tools like GPS, radar & light measurements.
If you are interested in web applications I suggest Python is a better choice for development rather than design.
REAL ESTATE SURVIVAL IN THE TIME OF PANDEMIC
Interesting Psychological facts
Our day to day life activities involve many mysterious things that we experience but have no idea why do they affect us. Here are some facts about the way our mind reacts to some things:
- Music changes perception
If you listen to an upbeat music, your mood boosts up instantly. While when listening to a sad song you feel low.
Hence, when you workout or go for jogging, good music makes you feel more energetic.
An experiment was conducted in 2011 to observe if music can affect the way you perceive your environment. People were told to identify happy and sad faces while songs were played in the background. It was observed that they had difficulty in identifying the happy faces while listening to a sad song and vice versa.
This is because of Perceptual Expectations. When you hear something through your ear your brain automatically makes you expect to see something similar through your eyes.
- Foreign language logic
Almost all of us know at least 2 languages. One is our mother tongue and other is our second or foreign language. It has been observed that people take decisions more logically or practically when they take it in their second language.
This is because our reasoning skills are divided into two parts viz.
- Systematic and Logical
-
Unconscious and emotional
Our mother tongue mostly influences the emotional part and brings our emotions in the middle while we make a decision. But our second language is not affected by emotions hence, when you want to take a logical decision, think about it or frame it in a different language.
- Singing reduces anxiety
Endorphins and dopamine when released in the brain, decrease the stress and feeling of pain.
When we sing, these hormones are released in large amount and therefore, the feeling of nervousness or sadness almost goes away when you sing. So next time when you feel low or nervous, sing your heart out.
- Rejection feels like punch
Our brain is designed to release same chemicals in the same areas when we feel emotional or physical pain.
Hence, sometimes when someone emotionally hurts you, you feel the same pain that you feel when you are hurt physically.
- Canonical perspective
Whenever we look at a thing or object, we see it from the side and slightly above.
For example, if I tell you to draw a glass of water, what are you going to draw?

We draw the 2nd image that is the side view of the glass, the same vantage points that we see.
- Negativity gene
A 2013 study showed that the negative thinkers don’t think negative by their own will. It’s inbuilt in them since the time they are born. It’s genetically transferred to them.
- Power of Sunlight
Sunlight has vitamin D that acts in the body as mood stabilizer and releases pleasurable hormones. The places with low sunlight or no sunlight have more stressed out people than the places with good sunlight.
So whenever you feel stressed, step out in Sunlight for 10 minutes and your mood will lighten up.
- Over sleeping
After sleeping for 10-12 hours or more than that, how do you feel? Do you feel more sleepy or tired?
It is because sleeping too much is similar to not sleeping at all and that is why you feel tired. It’s the biological schedule of sleep that gets disturbed.
Hence, the perfect amount of sleep that is maximum 8 hours is necessary to feel energetic and not tired.
- The colour Red
Ever wondered why the ‘decline’ options are always in the red colour? It is because the color red is associated with negativity.
- Mood sickness
Mood sickness doesn’t only affects our mind but it also affects our body. The working of our brain and body are tied together. Therefore, when one suffers, the other is also prone to suffering. So, if you are in a bad mood for a long time then you are more likely to fall sick.
- Butter and cheese relax mind
When we are stressed, our body and the nervous system feel exhausted and tired. This causes an increase in the tension. The calcium that cheese contains, acts as a relaxant and improves nerve function. While butter contains proteins and also provides healthy fats which balance the level of sugar which is very necessary for your good emotional state.
There are many more psychological facts that can surprise you and make you wait and think about them. For now think about these and apply them in your day to day life.
Glossophobia
what comes to your mind when you see the word glossophobia, it may have occurred to you that as it something to do with the fear and then glosso may be, the fear of glasses, or the fear of glossy things. Actually this is a fear of speaking in front of many people, this may be felt by most of you at first but it does not mean you are phobic. When a person has anxiety attacks and starts to feel really uncomfortable to actually keep his view in public. A fear of getting judged instills that person that stops him from speaking and he feels of just running away from the situation.
This phobia has many causes firstly being that if the person has a past experience of trauma that triggers the person every time one faces the stage. A child is not born with any such fear, there are only two innate fears that is fear of falling and fear of loud sounds. This phobia can be genetic but one comes to know only after growing up as they are put into the circumstances that enables them to recognize their fears. Its not like it does not have a cure, it does but it would take sometime and patience.
In 1860 a headlines was published saying ” The nervous side of Lincoln” this was a letter which reveals his stage fear. Many people have shared this fear in them so if you have this fear you are not alone my friend!
What is important is to eliminate this fear rather than living with this, for how many days will you run away from presenting an amazing project you have designed, to your boss or to give a seminar in the class. Unfortunately in this present generation it is required that you not only have an amazing idea but also the calibre to present it, in front of the people. The most important thing is to overcome this fear and to do that you have to work in small steps.
- Prepare a speech, and practice it in front of the mirror, till you become confident of delivering it to others without mistake
- Then ask your friends and family to listen to it, take their suggestions and improve your speech.
- Keep delivering speeches to your family and friends till the time you realize its time to take this to the next level and that is to speak in front of unknown people.
- Then face your fear, go and talk to unknown people and request them to listen to your speech, slowly and steadily try to increase the audience. Always make yourself remember why are you doing this.
- Do this for a number of times, then lastly to test if your fear is fully gone, arrange audience but dont prepare any speech let the talk be impromptu. This guarantees that you are now free from the fear and now there is nothing stopping you from achieving anything in life. This is just a way that is popularly used , it can take varied time to overcome fear for different people, this depends on how much they are motivated and how much they are learning each day.
India-China Relation and The World
In the recent skirmish on the China-India border, both sides have suffered heavy losses. It has confirmed from the official statement from India that 20 soldiers have martyred and no official data has come from China yet Editor-in-chief of the Chinese government’s news magazine Global Times believes that the Chinese military also suffered casualties. It has been the old attitude of China that whenever there is more loss on its side, it does not share the correct information. We had seen this attitude in the case of Corona also. Although China tries to hide the exact and actual data, somehow it comes out from somewhere.
This incident of the violent skirmish between India and China is extraordinary because such an accident has occurred on the Chinese border the first time after 45 years. Colonel Santosh Babu, who martyred, was leading the Indian contingent during this astonishing incident. According to military sources, this violent skirmish in the Galvan valley started on Monday night due to the changing attitude of Chinese soldiers. The Chinese troops intended to capture L.A.C. through the Galvan valley. But Indian soldiers thwarted the Chinese plan.
The way China has done stabbing behind the back, it proves that China is the most dangerous and vicious enemy for India. All these activities proved that trusting China even more than a century can prove to be the biggest threat for India. In the coming times, there will be unexpected changes in the relationship between India and China. But one thing is clear that a dispute arises on three different boundaries simultaneously, it is a sign of spacious threat. Relations with Pakistan and China are always intense. But Nepal is a neighbouring country whose relationship was not disturbed till date, but by presenting a new map and passed an amendment in the lower house of their Parliament and claiming a small part of India near to the area of Kalapani is the part of Nepal. It is an unfortunate situation for us. Experts of international relations believe that all these concern are interlinked. Chinese Diplomacy transforms from peace to aggression. Their diplomatic policy has changed. If we compare China of the 21st century to the China of the 20th century, we will find an enormous gap between the low profile china diplomacy and leadership china diplomacy. They want all control over the world. China is trying to compete with the United States of America. But the Chinese do not know that they are not like USSR. They could not take the place of the United States of America.
China is a country whose reality was known to the whole world that they do anything to increase its dominance and borders. The way China told the world about the Corona Virus was too late. They hide ambiguous numbers of infected and dead people, revised several bills against it to suppress the violence in Hong Kong and increasing military activities in the South China Sea proves how China is creating an atmosphere of unrest around itself.
A last letter to SSR
I never thought I would be writing this but today I am forced to do this because I can’t hold back my emotions any longer.
It has been more than three days since the news of your demise came out but still I’m not able to get over it and I don’t know why the death of a person whom I have just seen on the screen is affecting me so much or may be it’s affecting everyone who ever admired your performance and personality. To be honest I have never been a staunch fan of any actor but your death has disturbed me beyond words. Your acting was no doubt one of the finest acting I have ever seen. Your realistic portrayal of the character in the front of the camera was a treat to watch but look at the irony that we will never see that cheerful face on the big screen again. The characters you portrayed never looked like the character but always like you yourself was the character. Whether it be Ishaan from Kai Po Che, Dhoni from M.S Dhoni, Anni from Chichhore , Sarfaraz from P.K, Lakhna from Sonchiriya, Raghu from Suddha Desi Romance, Mansoor Khan from Kedarnath, Jillian and Shiv from Raabta, Samar from Drive and Byomkesh from Byomkesh Bakshi your performance never failed to mesmerise your viewers.

No one would have even imagined that a person with such an infectious smile was going through such deep shit and was forced to take the drastic step of ending his life on such a sad note. It’s hard to believe that people around you didn’t paid attention to the huge behaviour difference you were showing in the last six months or may be they have noticed and they have just ignored it but now when you are gone they are feeling guilty. I want to ask such people why feel guilty why huh when he needed you the most you didn’t came to help him but now when he is not there you are showing fake sympathy towards him.
Is this world that level selfish and hypocrite that they can’t help you out when you are alive but pray for your soul when you depart for heaven. I feel the phrase that says that it takes your life for the world to notice you. As long as you are alive people will not give a damn about you and as soon as you die they will start recognising that you existed.
I know the world including me as well is extremely egocentric but your life was much precious than that, you should have trusted at least a single person to tell what all you have going through. My heart aches when I write that you preferred dying over living because you didn’t find even a single human being on earth reliable enough to understand your suffering.
I understand that you didn’t received the massive acknowledgement which you deserved from the audience, and as a audience I would like to apologise for that because in the era filled with nepotism and favouritism a guy from a non filmy background with no godfather in the film industry carved a niche for himself just with his hard work and perseverance.
You always fought for the things that you really wanted in life so why you gave up this time . You left the battle in between, I didn’t expected this from a fighter like you, you would have been a clear winner if you would have fought this battle with depression. You would have told stories about how you fought with depression, that there is nothing to panic about but you didn’t do that you chose death over life instead. Not done SSR not done.
It was because of you so many young artists got inspired, it was because of you so many people got the opportunity to pursue their dreams. You gave people strength and courage to fight for their dreams, you taught them that a person who dares to dream can achieve them and no matter what your background is with ultimate will and perseverance you can achieve big things. Your journey from Patna to Mumbai was an inspirational story for many and all of a sudden you left all, you didn’t thought about that if you will die many people won’t be able to fulfil their dreams as they will get demotivated. Many parents will not allow their children to go in film industry many will force their children to leave what that they like and join other profession as one would want their child to die and they will cite your death as an example.
It was because of you so many got the opportunity to live their dreams and it will be because of you so many will be denied of that opportunity and I’m sure you must be feeling very bad after knowing this.
You underestimated your worth it was much more than your assessment . This swallow world didn’t gave you anything in return except pain and suffering. You deserve a life much better than this and I wish and pray that you get one soon where you and your talents get appreciation as much they deserve.
Your fans love you and always will
Much Love ❤
See you on the other side
A staunch fan of your’s
Recalling DEMONETIZATION- some unknown facts.
After the incident of 2016, it’s pretty clear that demonetization(NOTBANDI) is an act of removing or replacing a currency. The demonetized currency is no longer accepted as legal in a particular country. 2016 was not the first time India faced demonization. The nation stripped currency in the year 1946 for the very first time.

How many people lost their lives?
Forbes says about 100 people have died due to demonetization. The reason found as patients didn’t get treatment as they were not able to make payments, some even committed suicide facing problems in marriage. India is a country where people offer dowry, but demonetization played its pebbles, people were not able to tie knots, and even if they did, they faced difficulties. A municipal employee, who was to get his daughter tied the knot on December 8, bankers who have been resisting him cash of up to Rs. 2.5 lakh on the pretext that he was not following RBI protocols. “It is horrible that the banks are refusing to give me my hard-earned money for my daughter’s wedding. I am unable to pay my debts as well,” he said.
Mr. Prathap Reddy, a headmaster of a government school, said his daughter was planning to get wedded on December 22 and he has not been able to buy anything due to the cash reversal. “I am struggling to get evidence of advance payments made to various persons. If I spend the entire time at banks trying to get the required cash, when will I distribute the wedding cards and make other purchases?” he sobbed.
There was no cash in the bank, where should they go to defend and express. Digital transactions cannot be implemented by a common man, so this option was knocked out. The point is demonstration was implemented just before the time of the wedding season and yes, in India people do not refuse dowry. In another city of Uttar Pradesh, the father of a bride was forced to mortgage jewelry he had prepared for his daughter to support a small pre-wedding ritual. Raju, a resident of Unnao, tried desperately to withdraw the money he had saved up for his daughter’s marriage but was repeatedly turned back by the bank. Raju, father of the bride says, “They kept asking me to come later. I didn’t know what to do. I had saved up enough money for my daughter’s wedding but it seems like a waste because I’ve not been able to withdraw anything. Finally, I had to mortgage her jewelry for the Tilak ceremony.https://www.dailyo.in/politics/demonetisation-Indian-weddings-hit-black-money-rs-500-rs-1000-note-ban/story/1/14242.html

Span of demonetization made me realize, in every crisis a middle-class man will suffer. I mean the line in front of the ATM was long but they were lacking bulky parties. People with heavy bank balances didn’t show up or suffered in the lines. However, the history of suspicious transactions led this decision to long term benefits. The government has totaled uncertain transactions in the range of Rs 1.6-1.7 lakh crore. Evidence summoned during demonetization led to the detection of nearly 300,000 questionable shell companies, out of which 210,000 have been deregistered. The income tax department has taken action against more than 1,150 shell companies. Countering terrorism was another major aim of demonization. The reports say it was successfully achieved. A positive impact of the demonstration was seen in terrorist affected districts and Naxal activities.
The Science of Sleeping
Sleep is essential for the living bodies. This relaxes our bodies and minds. But all sleeps are not same. You may feel more refreshed even after a 10-minute dozing off than after hours of rolling on bed! Quality of sleep matters more than the quantity of sleep. This happens due to phases of sleeps which are not identical.
Sleep has basically two categories- REM (Rapid Eye Movement) and Non-REM. Sleeping starts in non-REM phase. This category too has stages [1]–
- Non-REM sleep-
- Light Sleep: We are half awake in this stage. Muscles activities start slowing down, twitching may occur.
- True sleep: Breathing rate and heartbeat start slowing in this stage. Most part of or sleeping is in this stage.
- Deep Sleep: Breathing rate and heartbeat is slowest in this stage. Muscle activities are very limited. If we are woken up right off this stage, we feel disoriented for several minutes.
- REM sleep- As name suggests, our eyes move rapidly behind the eyelid during this stage. The brain is very active during this stage. This is where most dreams occur. The breathing rate and blood pressure rise during this stage, but the body is paralyzed. This probably is to protect body from acting up on our dreams and hearting itself. People normally do not remember their dreams, but if they get woken off this stage, they may remember some parts.
Normally this cycle goes through step wise. Once completed, the cycle restarts. Normally we have 3-5 REM sleep stages during night. Duration of this stage is longer than previous REM stage. REM sleep is believed to be most important phase for learning and new memories, however newer studies are suggesting Non-REM sleep is more important for these things [2].
How much sleep required?
The need of sleep is for all animals. It’s programmed in our DNA. But how much sleep do we need? Every species have their pattern and requirement. Tigers sleep 16 hours a day while Giraffes can do only with 2 hours.
| Species | Average total sleep time per day |
| Python | 18 hrs |
| Tiger | 15.8 hrs |
| Cat | 12.1 hrs |
| Chimpanzee | 9.7 hrs |
| Sheep | 3.8 hrs |
| African elephant | 3.3 hrs |
| Giraffe | 1.9 hr |
Even across humans different people need different amount of sleep. Different age, gender and phases of lives change our sleep requirement [3].
We cannot evolve or train ourselves to less sleep. Sleep deprivation may even lead a person faster to death than the food deprivation. World record for a man has going without sleep is 11 days. This was set by Randy Gardner in 1965. But just four days into the study he started hallucinating [4].
Impact of technology on sleep patterns
Sleep is such an essential thing, but since the industrial revolution and invention of electricity especially, there have been many tech products which have invaded our personal space- Radio, TV, Phones, Internet to name a few. And therefore, all such technologies have had an impact on our sleeping pattern. The impact has been getting increasingly severe with the rise of mobile internet. There are hoards of apps which engage our brain and eat into our sleeping time [5].
Human body has a clock like sensor to identify sleep time. This sensor basically reacts to availability of light. As Sun sets off, the body prepares for relaxing. However with our modern technology, the light does not go out at the setting off of the Sun. We have plenty of artificial lights around us. To make things worse, the “screens” emit a blue light which sets off our sensors. Teen-agers are more susceptible to this body-cycle damage due to light than the adults. Mobile also has made us “hypervigilant” as it may start ringing anytime and we do not want to miss. This also impacts the quality of our sleep.
Conclusion
Sleep is an important part of our lives. There is a reason we are designed to sleep almost 25% of our lives. This should not be neglected. Unless completely rested, we cannot work with our full potential- thus hampering our peace of mind and or performance both. As technology is only going to be more and more evolved, we must take necessary steps to get the sleep we need.
References
Domestic Violence and Abuse
Domestic violence can be referred to as an attempt by an individual either a spouse, in a relationship or a family member to gain power or control over the other . It results in death, serious injury, and chronic medical and mental health issues for victims, their children, the elderly , their communities and is regarded as a serious social evil.
Domestic violence occurs in adult or adolescent intimate relationships where the abuser and the victim are currently or have been previously dating, cohabiting, married or divorced. They may be heterosexual, gay, or lesbian. They may have children in common or not. The relationships may be of a long or short duration. Here, the trauma faced is repeated rather than a singular event , and the effects of the trauma are emphasized due to the intimate nature of the relationship between victim and abuser. Since the victim’s daily routine is known, they can continue to exercise considerable physical and emotional control over the victim’s daily life. Also, his relationship with the victim gives him social, if not legal, permission to use such abuse. Hence the victims of domestic violence must also deal with the barriers to separation from the perpetrator created by the complexity and strength of an intimate relationship. In addition to the devastating effects, there is growing evidence that sometimes violence within the family becomes the breeding ground for other social problems such as substance abuse, violent crimes etc. In order to most effectively and efficiently respond to the individuals experiencing domestic violence, the counselors and therapists must not only understand the nature and analysis of domestic violence, but also understand how violence against intimates affects the victims, abusers, children and community as a whole.
Domestic violence is represented in form of threats, insults, sexual assaults and emotional abuse. The types of abuse or assaults endured include: Physical Abuse – (shoving, slapping, punching, kicking, throttling, biting and assault with sharp objects, guns, knives or any other dangerous weapon) , Sexual Abuse – ( Rape, attempted rape, indecent assault, on-going verbal abuse with sexual slurs such as bitch, whore, slut etc.) , Emotional, Verbal and Psychological Abuse -(the constant insults, ridicule or name calling , repeated threats of violence or death to cause emotional pain and anxiety) , Economic Abuse – ( Selling of shared property e.g. property, livestock without the consent of a victim , accessing a joint bank account for personal use without the consent of a victim) , Intimidation -(sending written or verbal death threats to a victim , sending beheaded dolls, small coffins, dead flowers or dead pets to a victim) , Harassment -(Repeatedly watching a victim outside or near his / her house, workplace, school or business premises or any place where she happens to be, repeatedly phoning a victim or causing any other person to phone his/her whether or not the caller speaks to a complainant) , Stalking – ( constantly approaching a victim and asking or demanding to talk to a victim against his/her will , damage to property may include acts of: breaking a window to gain entry into a victim’s house, cutting, breaking or damaging in any other manner shared furniture, unauthorized entry into the victim’s residence such as using a duplicate key to gain access may also constitute domestic violence.)
Despite numerous laws enacted to minimize domestic violence, the issue is still deeply rooted in the society. Hence, we must all raise our voices against this immorality and work towards eliminating domestic violence and make the world a better place to live in.

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