Dowry system

In ancient time parents used to give some important things to his daughter at the time of marriage for their future use. At that time it is called as a gift. But after passing some years this gift system changes. At that time parents gave these thing with their own happiness but now the situation is completely changed. Now the groom’s father directly asked the girl’s father to gave the thing. This custom have turned into malpractices.

This system destroyed the whole society. Society in which the birth of girl called them that Laxmi is birth in our house but now when the girl birth the family started thinking about her marriage not only the family the whole society started talking about. If a girl born in poor family then our society started to talking that how they marriage their daughter they never thought that only few hours passed to get the birth of that child.

If the parents are not able to pay the money to groom’s family then the girl is harasses the whole life by the groom’s family. The girl’s parents saving the money from the birth of the girl. The reason behind them is that if they not full fill the condition of groom’s patients then her daughter never be happy. They do all this thing only for her daughter happiness. Even doing all these things their daughter not live happily in his law house. Sometimes if parents are not capable to complete the all conditions at the time of marriage then they get insulted between the whole society and their daughter is tauchered. Some times the girl take wrong decision or some times the groom’s family do wrong thing with the girl.

The boy who earned more money they are more cleaver. In our society boys are sailer. The boy is more educated her price is more.

Some laws are made against this system but none of them is followed by the people some action is taken against this and this is very useful. It save the life of girl not completely but around 25 % it save the life of girl.

Dowry is not a good thing because it take someone’s life.

ITC

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HOW TO MAKE BETTER NOTES IN CLASS

“The more content you try to capture during a lecture or a meeting, the less you’re thinking about what’s being said. You burn through most of your attention parroting the source.”

Do you sometimes struggle to determine what to write down during lectures? Have you ever found yourself wishing you could take better or more effective notes? Whether you are sitting in a lecture hall or watching a lecture online, note-taking in class can be intimidating, but with a few strategic practices, anyone can take clear, effective notes. This handout will discuss the importance of note-taking, qualities of good notes, and tips for becoming a better note-taker.

In-class benefits

Taking good notes in class is an important part of academic success in college. Actively taking notes during class can help you focus and better understand main concepts. In many classes, you may be asked to watch an instructional video before a class discussion. Good note-taking will improve your active listening, comprehension of material, and retention. Taking notes on both synchronous and asynchronous material will help you better remember what you hear and see.

Post-class benefits

After class, good notes are crucial for reviewing and studying class material so that you better understand it and can prepare appropriately for exams. Efficient and concise notes can save you time, energy, and confusion that often results from trying to make sense of disorganized, overwhelming, insufficient, or wordy notes. When watching a video, taking good notes can save you from the hassle of pausing, rewinding, and re watching large chunks of a lecture. Good notes can provide a great resource for creating outlines and studying.

  1. Gather your note-taking materials. It may sound pretty basic, but it’s important to have all of your note-taking materials organized and ready to go before the start of any class, meeting or lecture.
  2. Come prepared. Before you come to a class, lecture, or meeting, make sure to review your notes from the last time round. This will bring you fully up to speed and ready to pick up where you left off.
  3. Be an active listener. When note-taking, many people make the mistake of mindlessly taking down every word, without really comprehending what is being said. Instead, make an effort to understand the topic while you’re in class. Focus on what’s really being said, then ask questions if you don’t understand
  4. Take notes by hand. Although taking notes on your laptop is convenient, research shows note takers actually retain information better when they take notes by hand. This may be because people typing on a laptop tend to transcribe every word without understanding the meaning, while people writing by hand are forced to pick out relevant information in order to keep up
  5. Don’t be afraid to ask questions. When you come across something you don’t understand, don’t just jot it down and tell yourself that you’ll worry about it later — ask the teacher/lecturer for clarification.

FINALLY

Follow up after class

Part of good note-taking includes revisiting your notes a day or so after class. During this time, check for clarity, fill in definitions of key terms, organize, and figure out any concepts you may have missed or not fully understood in class. Figure out what may be missing and what you may need to add or even ask about. If your lecture is recorded, you may be able to take advantage of the captions to review.

REFERENCES

https://learningcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/effective-note-taking-in-classes

https://www.wikihow.com/Take-Better-Notes

Dollar bahu

Hello readers.

This book by Sudha Murthy is a fictional novel that revolves around a girl Vinuta. It is a regular novel with good narration. Even though the ending is quite predictable it is a good book to read for all those who likes family drama. The story is comparison between Indian lifestyle and American lifestyle.

The writing style is simple and very easy to follow. The story may not have big twists or interesting turning points, but still they keep you glued to the book till the end. If you like to go on with simple reading I would recommend it. But if you are looking for something good then this book may fall an inch short. These are words for those who are already familiar with Sudha Murthy’s work. But for those who are not, it is quite a wonderful book. I would rate it very good if I had too.

I am sorry if I hurt anyone’s sentiments. As I say in my book reviews: Reading books is magic, it makes you live hundreds of lives in a single one. Or atleast that’s what I believe. Hopefully this book will have an impact and magic you are/ were waiting for.

And Thanks. 😇

Seven Wonders Of The World

By Anshiki Jadia

The Taj Mahal It is situated in Agra, in the Indian territory of Uttar Pradesh. Mughal Emperor Shahjahan built it in 1631 as a tomb for his significant other Mumtaz Mahal. The development work started after the demise of Queen in 1632. It was finished in 1648. The landmark is considered as the best illustration of Mughal design. The white marble tomb is the most natural piece of the landmark. As an UNESCO World Heritage site, the landmark is cited as, The gem of Muslim workmanship in India’. It is one of the all around appreciated magnum opuses. It is an image of adoration and has represented hundreds of years to act as an illustration of most excellent human feeling.

THE STATUE OF CHRIST REDEEMER (BRAZIL) The Christ Redeemer is the sculpture of Jesus. It was initiated in 1931. It stands 125 feet tall on the Corcovado Mountain ignoring the Brazilian capital of Rio de Janerio. It was worked by the Brazilian architect Heitor da Silva Costa. It required five years to fabricate the sculpture. It is made of solid cement. Its external layers are produced using soapstone assisting it with opposing outrageous climate. This sculpture is one of world’s most popular landmarks, which is presently being remembered for the Seven Wonders of the World.

THE GREAT WALL OF (CHINA) The Great Wall of China was worked more than 2200 years prior by the principal Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huandi during the Qin administration in 220 BC. It is the biggest structure at any point built by man. It extends across the mountains of northern China, bending north and northwest of Beijing. It is developed of brick work shakes and stuffed earth. It is around 5,000 kilometers in length, with thickness going from 4.5 to 9 meters and stature up to 7.5 meters.

THE COLOSSEUM (ROME) The Colosseum is quite possibly the most renowned structures of Rome. Its development was started by the Emperor in around 72 AD. Later his child surrendered over its culmination.

THE RRUINS OF PETRA (JORDAN) Petra of Jordan is one more one of the Seven Wonders of the World. On the edge of Arabian Desert, Petra was the eminent capital of the Nabataea Empire. It is well known for having many stone designs cut into the stone. In 1812, the since a long time ago secret site was uncovered toward the western world by the Swiss wayfarer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt.

THE CHICHEN ITZA PYRAMID (MEXICO) It is situated in Maya, Mexico. This archeological site is appraised among the most significant of the Maya Culture shows. It covers a space of roughly 6 square miles where many structures once stood. Today, thirty of them might in any case be seen by sightseers.

The MACHU PICCHU (PERU) The vestiges of Machu Picchu, rediscovered in 1911 by classicist Hiram Bingham, bend the most wonderful and baffling old locales on the planet. It is said that Machu Picchu was saved as a consecrated spot from before times. One of its capacities was that of galactic observatory.

Napoleon Bonaparte – French General!

The Guardian..

Napoleon Bonaparte (b. Aug 15, 1769 Ajaccio, Corsica- d. May 5, 1821 St. Helena Island) French general and emperor (1804-1815) born to parents of Italian ancestry he was educated in France and became an army officer in 1785. He fought in the French revolutionary was and was promoted to brigadier general in 1793. After victories against the austrians in Northern Italy, he negotiated the Treaty of campo Formio (1797). Attempted to conquer Egypt (1798-99) but was defeated by the British under Horatio Nelson in the battle of the Nile.

The coup of 18-19 Brumaire brought him to power in 1799 and he installed a military dictatorship with himself as first consul. He introduced in numerous reforms in government including the napoleonic code and reconstructed the French education system. He negotiated the comcordate of 1801 with the Pope. After victory against the austrians at the battle of moringo (1800), he embarked on the napoleonic wars. The formation of coalitions of European countries against him led Napoleon to declare friends hereditary empire and to crown himself emperor in 1804. He won his greatest military victory at the battle of Austerlitz against Austria and Russia in 1805. He defeated Prussia at the battles of Jena and Auerstedt (1806) Russia at the battle of friedland (1807). He then imposed the Treaty of Tilsit on Russia, ending 4th coalition of countries against France.

Despite his loss to Britain at the Battle at the Battle of Trafalgar, he sought to weaken British commerce and established the Continental System of port blockades. He consolidated his European empire until 1810 but became embroiled in the peninsular war (1808-1814) . He led the French army into Austria and defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Wagram (1809), signing the Treaty of Vienna. To enforce the treaty of Tilsit, he led an army of about 6,00,000 into Russia in 1812 winning the battle of Borodino, but was forced to retreat from Moscow with disastrous losses. His army greatly weakened, he was met by a strong coalition of allied powers, who defeated him at the battle of leipzig ( 1813). 

Did you know? In 1799, during Napoleon’s military campaign in Egypt, a French soldier named Pierre Francois Bouchard (1772-1832) discovered the Rosetta Stone. This artifact provided the key to cracking the code of Egyptian hieroglyphics, a written language that had been dead for almost 2,000 years.

After Paris was taken by the allied coalition, Napoleon was forced to abdicate in 1814 and was exiled to the island of Elba. 1815 hi mustard a force and returned to France to re-establish himself as emperor for the hundred days, but he was decisively defeated at the battle of Waterloo. He was sent into exile on the remote island of Saint Helena, where he died six years later. One of the most celebrated figures in history, Nepolean revolutionized military organisation and training and the bought about reforms that permanently influenced civil situations in France and throughout Europe.

Napoleonic wars (1799-1815)series of wars that ranged France against shifting alliances of European powers. Originally an attempt to maintain French strength established by the French revolutionary wars they become efforts by Napoleon to affirm his supremacy in the balance of European power. Napoleon’s successes resulted from a strategy of moving his army rapidly, attacking quickly and defeating each of the disconnected enemy units. His enemies responding strategy was to avoid engagement while withdrawing forcing Napoleon’s supply lines to be over extended. The strategy was successfully used against him by the Duke of Wellington in the peninsular war and by Mikhail Prince barclay De Tolly in Russia. With his second abdication the exile, the era of the napoleonic wars ended.

Soil less farming: Hydroponics System

World’s population is increasing day by day, consequently need of food is also increased. We have to apply modern technologies to the Agricultural sector for assured and high yield for fulfilling the need of food. Hydroponics system is one of the modern approach of farming.

What is Hydroponics:

Hydroponics is a system where instead of soil liquid nutrient mixture is used for cultivation. It is also known as soil less farming. It is one of the best way of smart farming.

Types of Hydroponics:

A. Standing aerated nutrient solution or Deep water culture system ( DWC)

B. Nutrient film techniques (NFT)

Benefits of Hydroponics System:

  • As there is no soil, so there is no chances of soil borne disease infection in the crop.
  • Water usage is also very lower than traditional method.
  • High productivity than traditional method.
  • In hydroponics system under controlled climate crops are grown, so there is no chance of any pest or disease attack.
  • Wastage of nutrient is very less in case of hydroponics system.
  • Through hydroponics system off seasonal crops can be cultivated all over the year.

Best plants that can be cultivated in hydroponics system:

1.VEGETABLES:
TomatoLettuce Radish
CucumberSpinachBeans

2.HERBS:
MintChivesBasil
3.Fruits:
StrawberryBlueberryPeppers

Top motivational quotes to awaken the beast hiding in you

Motivation is something that helps you grow. Not only from inside but also from all aspects, all ups and downs in your life, whenever you feel low why do you need motivation? Have you ever thought about it. Here, is the answer because motivation is something that helps you to grow, that helps you to be you, that makes you. It has the power to awaken the beast hiding inside you.

” Your perspective with either become prison or your passport.“

-Steven Furtick

” Realise deeply that the present moment is all that you ever have. “

– Eckhart Tolle

” How you love yourself is how you teach others to love you.“

– Rupil Kaur

” The Secret of your success is determined by your daily agenda.“

– John C. Maxwell

” Burn the past, Turn the page, Move on.”

– Safura Arsh

” Act as what you do makes a difference, IT DOES.”

– William James

” Excessive fear is always powerless.”

– Aeschylus

” A good Education is the foundation of better future.”

– Elizabeth Warren

” Between thinking and seeing there is a place called knowing.”

– Carolyn Myss

” You can’t build a reputation on what you are going to do.”

– Henry Ford

” Believe you can and you are halfway there.”

– Theodore Roosevelt

” Take care of your body, It is the only place you have to live.”

– Jim Rohn

” If you hear a voice within you say ‘ you cannot paint,’ then by all means paint and that voice will be silenced.”

– Vincent Van Gogh

” Ofcourse motivation is not permanent. But then, neither is bathing: but it is something you should do on a regular basis.”

– Zig Ziglar

” The only way to do a great work is to love what you do.”

– Steve Jobs

” It’s not the load that breaks you down, it’s the way you carry it.”

– Lou Haltz

” Nothing will work unless you do.”

– Mayo Angelo

” Do one thing everyday that scares you.”

– Anonymous

” If you are not willing to risk the usual, you will have to settle for the ordinary.”

– Jim Rohn

” When I hear somebody sigh, ‘ Life is hard,’ I am always tempted to ask, ‘Compared to what?’

– Sydney Harris

” Success is walking from failure to failure with no loss of enthusiasm.”

– Winston Churchill

” All progress takes place outside the comfort zone.”

– Michael John Bobak

” The only place where success comes before work is in the dictionary.”

– Vidal Sassoon

Here are some of the motivational quotes that if you implement in your lives will be successful for sure. Motivation will help you to achieve all your goals and so are these quotes.

The Polar Nights

Photo by Frans Van Heerden on Pexels.com

You must have heard this phrase somewhere or might also have seen the movie based on the 30 Days of Night but what we all don’t know is that people of that particular place are afraid of facing the continuous period of Polar nights.

The night which doesn’t end and the day which always lasts, yes there are places on our earth giving meaning to something absurd phrases like this also.

Norway, Alaska, Finland, Sweden, Iceland, and many more add up to the list of this unique phenomenon of earth’s tilt.

But, you might not know what all this is about So let me get you through this interesting phenomenon of that visit the same marked places every year.

The Barrow

In the northernmost town of the United States, Alaska is also known as Barrow, which is widely talked about for its extended period of darkness and light as well each year.

The sunsets and rises just once a year in regions of high altitude and near the arctic circles because of the earth’s tilt.

These changes occur when the season changes from fall to spring with the visit of 2 months of darkness enveloped and the same for the summertime of never setting sunlight.

The Scar it has:

Now, imagine the terror of not witnessing the light for straight 66 or 60 days with the tease of sunlight below the horizon.

Yes, it is not as easy as just saying and thinking about it as for, getting immersed in the dark cold, and long night they do need to prepare themselves for any kinds of effects it will have on their physical as mental health.

As the sun is the source of vitamin D, the land for that duration of time also becomes D starved as they don’t witness the warmth of the sun till next year’s month of January.

The people also fear that this straight duration of the polar nights can also make their nightmare of blood-sucking creatures true and alive.

The Beauty it holds

The coin has two-phase so do the polar nights of Alaska, even though people might be getting stuck in the cold and long night for the whole 24hr a day till the next sunrise still the nature has many things to offer.

The amazing and dancing belt of polar light and the sky showering you with the light of millions and billions of stars altogether to celebrate in the only language they know, you can witness something much of worth for these polar nights every year.

In those frigid nights of cold one could see the dazzling ribbons of colored light of Red, Violet, Green, and many more unimaginable combinations.

The Aurora

Last but not least, places like Alaska also give us this dynamic and brilliant skylight stretched far away and yet so near and close that you might think you can touch them by extending your hand.

Nature has everything balanced out even though we might think that having half of the year in darkness and another half in light may be doing unfairness to the equation but it’s not.

Television and Video Games are Corrupting the Minds of Youngs.

Mankind has a great history of inventions, and one of it’s greatest inventions were ‘Television’. This word is well known to us. Entertainment was the major reason for the invention of television, but it’s said “Every coin has two sides” even television has its demerits.

Viewing television has become a popular culture and every one enjoys it. One of the most used technological commodity ,has become a threatening problem for the today’s youth. It is Corrupting the young minds and leading them to dark future. The young mind’s are not able to sense the negative impact of this entertainment gadget.

Watching television is waste of time. Youth’s are not able to distinguish between good and bad content for their minds. Most of the programmes casted on the television illustrates distruction, violence, sex , bullying and many other negative things. Young minds are brainstormed in such a way that they try to implement the depicted things in their real life.

Watching crime shows influence the young mind in a negative way as they are not able to pick up the positive aspects of it. Psychologically the wrongdoer is shown in a good light and this in turn encourages the youth to get inspired from them lead them to actually becoming a criminal.

Now days television shows comes with variations like drama, comedy, suspense and many other. The show producers are minting money out of the illogical shows and destroying the young minds imagination. They are detached from the reality and are made to believe and imagine what they show is correct, superstition are also encouraged. Gradually the people get addictive to this type of content and the imaginative power, IQ level is reduced to nothing. Hence Roald Dahl has rightly said,” It clots the child’s mind, it makes the mind as soft as cheese.”

Television are not the only component that corrupts the youth’s mind but video games are one of them. In this modern generation not only an adult but also children know how to used different electronic devices. Video games are basically a person’s imagination which they make them into reality through technology. These games make a person’s mind habitual to play it. Their minds are completely focused in this unreal world that they forget they have a real world, which in turn make them less social and creates a lonely environment. They lose their interest in other important things like studying, etc.

Author John Leo has explained that ” Children who are heavy viewers of television are more aggressive”. Watching television and playing video games makes a person prone to obesity and mental disorders and affects their personality. So we should take care before it’s too late , as they say “Prevention is better than cure.”

Importance of newspaper

Importance of Newspaper in Life Essay - Let's Learn

Newspaper is quite a powerful tool that circulates information to people. It is one of the greatest means of communication between people and the world. In addition, they are also a great medium of knowledge. We get our daily dose of news from newspapers early in the morning. It is quite a reliable source which gives us information only after thoroughly investigating the information.

Newspapers are easily available in the most remote regions as well. They are also very economical which gives an abundance of information at really low cost. Most importantly, newspapers are published in various languages that make it easier for people of all regions to get news in their local language. thus, we see how newspapers have numerous advantages that help the common man stay informed of the worldly issue.

Significance of Newspaper

The newspaper has created a positive impact on society. It helps people become aware of current affairs and stay curious about them. When the public will question, it means they are aware. This is exactly what a newspaper does. It is also the finest link you can find between the government and its people. Newspapers provide people with every detail no matter how small.

Essay on the Importance of Newspaper and Press - Ilmi Hub

Furthermore, it helps us become informed citizens. Whenever there are any changes in the rules and regulations of the country, newspapers make us aware of them. Moreover, they are very informative for students. A student can learn all about general knowledge and current affairs from here. We stay updated with the technological advancements, government policies, research studies and more.

Other than that, newspapers also have incredible articles that tackle social issues, cultures, arts, and more. It conveys the public opinion to the people on important issues. This will, in turn, help people review the government and ministers well. Similarly, people get great employment opportunities from newspapers. Those seeking jobs look through newspapers to get reliable job opportunities.

In short, the newspaper carries a lot of significance for humans. If we read the newspaper daily, it can develop our reading habit and make us more fluent. It also has mind-brain exercise games like puzzles, Sudoku and more to sharpen people’s brains. Furthermore, you can also go through the comic strips and cartoons to keep yourself entertained.

A World Without Newspapers

As the world is advancing rapidly, everything is becoming digital. From our shopping to news, we can easily do it on our smartphones or computers. This digitization has also affected the newspaper scenario. As people are getting instant updates on their phones about the latest news, the sales of newspapers have gone down massively.

Importance of Newspaper Essay for Students | 500+ Words Essay

Does this mean the digital era will wipe out the newspapers? Looking at the present scenario, this possibility might soon become a reality. However, are we ready to have a world without newspapers? A world without newspapers is like having a home without mirrors. This means we won’t be able to see our own reflection.

Now, compare this situation to that of the world and newspaper. Imagine the world has lost its national mirror, resulting in you not being able to get an honest reflection of what is happening around. What’s even worse is the fact that instead of the national mirror we are getting a fun-house mirror which is distorting the information and making you see what’s not real.

In short, the world will become a free rein for politicians to propagate their advertising and agendas to the public. The information won’t be reliable and won’t even be scrutinized. We won’t have any journalists to decipher the PR spin of the governments and corporate firms robbing the common man of their money.

Top 5 Food To Stop Hair Fall

1.COCONUT WATER:

Coconut water is an excellent source of antioxidants which help to prevent hair fall and repair the damage. It is an amazing hair care ingredient that helps nourish and condition your hair. It helps to deal with severe hair loss and also to boost hair growth. It is rich in essential vitamins and minerals like vitamin B and potassium, which helps keep your scalp and hair nourished and healthy.

TO PREVENT HAIR LOSS:

Drink 1 glass of tender coconut water everyday to stop hair fall.

2. BEETROOT:

Beetroots have always been considered as a superfood for hair. It is high in antioxidants, vitamin A, vitamin C, Calcium, Iron and Potassium. With all its minerals and nutrients, it enhances new hair growth, prevents premature balding and hair loss. BEETROOT allows for better blood circulation in the scalp and nourishes the hair follicles from within.

TO PREVENT HAIR LOSS:

Drink 1 glass of beetroot juice every day or eat atleast 1 beetroot as salad everyday.

3. EGG:

Eggs are power-packed with proteins, minerals and vitamin B complex that are essential hair nutrients. These nutrients, especially biotin and other B-complex vitamins, helps to curb hair loss by strengthening the roots of your hair. The nutrients also helps to stimulate new hair growth, adding volume and thickening your hair. The proteins helps to strengthen your hair while the fats helps to condition it and improving hair texture.

TO PREVENT HAIR LOSS:

Eat atleast 2 egg whites and 1 whole boiled egg everyday.

4. SPINACH:

Spinach is rich in vitamins like K, A, C, B2, B6, B1, E, manganese, Zinc, Iron and Omega-3 fatty acids. These nutrients help nourish your scalp and hair, ensuring healthy hair growth. The green leafy vegetable has a high nutritional content and is extremely rich in antioxidants which helps avoid hair damage and boosts scalp health.

TO PREVENT HAIR LOSS:

You can have spinach smoothie every day or can apply spinach mask on hair 2-3 times in a week or can add spinach in your everyday diet or meal.

5. WALNUT:

Walnuts are known as hair food, because they contain omega-3 fatty acids and nutrients essential for healthy, long and lustrous hair. They also contain biotin, vitamin E, protein,and magnesium that strengthen the hair follicles and maintain scalp health.

TO PREVENT HAIR LOSS:

You can either eat 3-4 walnut pieces raw or soak them in water overnight and have them.

ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS

An environmental disaster  is defined as a catastrophic event regarding the natural environment that is due to human activity . This point distinguishes environmental disasters from other disturbances such as natural disasters and intentional acts of war such as nuclear bombings. Environmental disasters show how the impact of humans’ alteration of the land has led to widespread and/or long-lasting consequences.

These disasters have included deaths of wildlife, humans and plants, or severe disruption of human life or health, possibly requiring migration .Environmental disasters historically have affected agriculture, biodiversity  including wildlife, the economy and human health. The most common causes include pollution that seeps into groundwater or a body of water , emissions into the atmosphere and depletion of natural resources, industrial activity or agricultural practices.

Environmental disasters have a severely detrimental effect on ecosystems. These catastrophes are often short in duration, but have a lasting impact on the animals and plants that live in the affected habitat. Occasionally, environmental catastrophes change the physical environment so much that the damage to the ecosystem is irreversible. In other cases, environmental damage can be contained and the habitat rehabilitated.

Photo by Luciann Photography on Pexels.com

Environmental disasters fall into two general categories. Some disasters are caused by natural climate or weather events. These include wild fires, landslides, floods, earthquakes, droughts, tornadoes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. Although the causes of these natural environmental disasters do not involve human activities, in some cases the effects are worsened by the influence of people. For example, the environments that suffered the most damage during the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 were those where urban development and construction had damaged coral reefs. In places where coral reefs were healthy, the reef acted like a buffer, deflecting the power of the giant wave.

A second category of environmental disasters includes those caused by human activities. Examples of human-induced environmental disasters include oil spills, chemical spills, and nuclear incidents. In addition, wars and terrorist activities can be disastrous to ecosystems. In many cases, environmental disasters caused by humans have longer lasting effects on the environment than catastrophes brought on by natural events. For example, the enormous oil spill that occurred when the Exxon Valdez supertanker ran aground in Prince William Sound in 1989 continues to have major environmental repercussions. Twelve years after the oil spill, significant deposits of oil, which is toxic to many species, persisted throughout the affected area. In 2002, the population size of at least eight species of fish and mammals was still severely impacted from the oil spill.

Although environmental disasters take a terrible toll on ecosystems, they can bring increased attention to threatened habitats. In some cases, the increased oversight by governmental, intergovernmental, and non-governmental agencies results in legislation, which reduces the impact of future environmental disasters. For example, the Exxon Valdez oil spill led to much stronger regulation of the oil shipping industry. Also, additional funds were allocated for cleaning up oil spills, should they occur again. In the wake of the 2004 tsunami, the United Nations began organizing an Indian Ocean Tsunami warning system to alert citizens when another gigantic wave is heading to shore.

Humans have long believed that their scientific creativity could meet the challenges of natural forces. However, as Earth’s resources continue to be eroded by the growing population and its demand for natural resources, it is ever more likely that environmental disasters will increase both in number and intensity. It delves into the effects that these catastrophes have taken on the environment and on the human communities involved.

IMMUNITY – A WAY OF DEFENCE!

Our human body is continuously exposed to microorganisms that may or may not be infectious. Millions of microorganisms exist in our body that includes our mouth, eyes, ears, and the other various part of our body.
But in the same way, our body is also exposed to disease-causing microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans, etc. So in order to keep us healthy, there is a certain process that our body undergoes in order to defend ourselves from such microorganisms, this is done by our immune system. The branch of science that deals with the components of the immune system are called Immunology.

NOW, WHAT EXACTLY IS IMMUNITY?

It is the ability of an organism to fight against disease-causing agents.
It is further divided into two categories.

  1. Innate immunity.
  2. Acquired immunity.

INNATE IMMUNITY:

It is a non-specific type of immunity that includes all the defense elements with which an individual is born. It is present at the time of birth and is genetic i.e, it is passed down genetically from parents to children.
This includes skin, mucous membranes, and blood cells along with the white blood cell which forms an important component of innate immunity.

The different types of barriers to innate immunity are:

  1. Physical barrier: This includes skin and mucous membrane
  2. Physiological barrier: This comprises hydrochloric acid, bile, cerum, lysozyme, and our body temperature.
  3. Cellular barrier: Certain types of cells called leucocytes(WBC), neutrophils and monocytes, natural killer cells (lymphocyte) as well as macrophages constitutes this barrier.
  4. Cytokine barrier: There are certain cells which once infected by a virus, release a glycoprotein called interferons (IFNs). This causes the nearby cell to get alert, as it is a signal which basically says pathogens have been entered and have infected it.
  5. Inflammatory barrier: This is a type of barrier that causes redness, swelling, pain, and the production of heat from the infected tissue.

ACQUIRED IMMUNITY :

It involves the active functioning of an individual’s own immune system, which leads to the synthesis of antibodies.

Types of active immunity :

  1. Natural active immunity: Natural infection by a pathogen generates antibodies and specialized lymphocytes.
  2. Artificial active immunity: Vaccines are administrated to the body which generates antibodies.

PASSIVE IMMUNITY :

In this case of immunity, the antibodies from one individual are passed into another individual. It also gives immediate protection. But this type of immunity is short-lived, generally lasts for only a few weeks.

Types of passive immunity:

  1. Natural passive immunity: It is gained naturally, for example, antibodies from a mother can cross the placenta and enter her fetus.
  2. Artificial passive immunity: Here the antibodies formed in one individual are extracted and are then injected into the blood of another individual.

CONCLUSION :

We have an immune system in our body that help us fight against the disease-causing microorganisms or pathogen. Some Immunity may be passed to us during our birth and can also be passed to our next generation, this type of immunity is called innate immunity. While the immunity that is acquired after birth that has the ability to recognize and selectively eliminate a certain specific type of pathogens is called Acquired immunity.

Teacher’s Day

Teachers are one of the most important pillars of society; they spend their entire lives enabling students to learn and explore. A teacher is a friend and a philosopher who guides us jn understanding the world around us. From academic knowledge to moral knowledge, a teacher is a treasure trove. A teacher’s contribution to the world is priceless because of the fact that they educate men and women of tomorrow.

Furthermore, teachers also help to increase literary rates in a country, thereby enabling opportunities and jobs that will help students to secure their lives. Almost every country in the world dedicates a day to celebrate and honour teachers. In India, teacher’s day is celebrated on 5th September, while the World Teacher’s Day is celebrated on 5th October, every year. However, various countries have their own specific dates for honoring their teachers.

Teacher’s Day is celebrated to honour teachers and celebrate their contribution to a particular field or the community in general. The idea of celebrating the profession of a teacher is not new, it can be traced back to the 19th century. During those times, a local teacher’s contribution is celebrated or a specific achievement in education. This is one of the reasons why the world celebrates Teacher’s Day on different dates. For instance, India celebrates Teacher’s Day on 5th September, commemorating the birth of the second president of India, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. While other countries celebrate World Teacher’s Day on 5th October, as established by UNESCO.

Teacher’s Day in India

Guru Purnima is an Indian festival dedicated to honouring academic and spiritual teachers. It historically marks the birth of Ved Vyasa, the author of the Mahabharata, Vedas and the Puranas. The festival traditionally celebrated by the Jains and Buddhists to honour teachers who enlighten others with no monetary expectation in return. It is traditionally celebrated during the full moon day of the Hindu calendar month of Ashada. This corresponds to June and July of the Gregorian calendar.

The birth of the Second President of India, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, on 5th September, is celebrated as Teacher’s Day. When he became President of India, some of his students and friends requested him to celebrate his birthday on 5th September. He had replied that he would be honoured if the contribution of all teachers would be observed on that particular date, instead of celebrating his birthday. And ever since, 5th September every year has been celebrated as Teacher’s Day.

In India, teachers and students report to class as usual on Teacher’s Day. However, classes and lectures are replaced by celebrations and remembrances. Students and teachers also take part in many activities and mini-games. It is also common for students and their parents to present gifts to the teachers. Many students also organize plays and dance performances on this particular day.

Conclusion

Teacher’s Day is celebrated to honour the contribution of teachers to the society. In India, Teacher’s Day is officially celebrated on 5th September, while most other countries celebrate it on 5th October. Regardless of the date, a teacher’s contribution is priceless, hence it is celebrated with zeal and great enthusiasm.