Science textbook analysis

Of class 6th NCERT book

We all are going through this science book in class 6th. But now we will see how much our book are gender netural. At class 6th students started their puberty. It is important that our textbook should be gender netrual.

About the book 

The textbook is published  by the National Council Of Educational Research and Training. This textbook is an updated version. The syllabus is based on the latest pattern of CBSE. All the three subjects- physics, chemistry and biology are included in the syllabus.

Grade 6th science textbook is fully child centric. The pictures are bright and big. The colour of the textbook is really attractive and good. The quality of paper used to develop the content is flexible and does not leave any impression behind the page. The pages are properly numbered and activities are low cost or no cost activities. The activities can easily be performed by the student and provide them a better conceptual understanding. Assessment, evaluation, learning and facts are in different colours so the child can attract them.

Cover page of the textbook

The cover page of the science textbook for 6th class are designed by Mr. Dev Anand and Mr. Sunil Kumar. The cover page designers are both men. There is no woman. The government should include the woman candidate too for designing the cover page. Might the cover page be more attractive. 

The director of the book is also a man and even the production committee is also heard by Mr. Anil kumar sharma. I found that all the members of the design  production and direction committee are men. There is no participation of women in any such work. 

Introduction is also given by an male IAS officer Mr. Binay Bhushan- director of education and sports. There are many other women IAS officers who worked in the education department.

Textbook development committee 

The textbook development committee consists of 26 members in itself. The number of women participants is ten which is not even half the man participants. The higher ranking office belongs to one woman out of 10. 

Chapter1 ; food: where does it come from 

Page no. 2 image no. 1.3- transportation of wheat 

Here a man carries the food to the market. A woman can represent the same. The content developer should use a woman representative too. A sixth class student considers that transportation is only related to man. Women do not participate in this work.

Chapter 2: component of food

Page no.15 image there is a fat boy who represents the over eating. They can use the girl too. But there is a stereotype that a girl should be slim. It will be ok if a man is overweight.

Chapter 3; fiber to fabric

Page no.20, 21 and 22 image no. 3.7, 3.11 and 3.13, the work represents the status of women. The women are working with charkha and weaving meaning at home whereas men are working in the field of cotton. But the reality is different as shown in pictures.

Chapter 5:separation of substance 

Page no 37 image 5.4 and 5.5- there is a man who worked in the field and the woman works with the execution method of separating wheat and dust.  The picture shows the gender roles of men working in the field and women working at home.

Pageno. 38 image 5.7- man is working on a filtration method. The man is labour but why do they use only men and women also do the same thing in the same way.

Chapter 9: living -features and habitat 

Page no. 88 image no. 9.10- in the growth process images mostly man used as the representative. I rarely see any woman as the representative of the growth process . Do women have a different growth process than men? 

Chapter 10; measurement of speed and distance 

In this chapter women’s representation is neglected . All the activities are performed by a single gender ( male). Might be content developers consider that women are not good in numbers so he does not include pictures of women.

Chapter 15; air in our surrounding 

Page no. 148 image 15.5 – the mountaineer is a man why not a woman. The women also climb the mountain but the picture again is a reflection of less representation of women in the text development committee.

Page no. 150 image no. 15.8 There is a policeman who controls the traffic. When they look at the book he /she considers that only a man could be a traffic police woman not.

Dialogue 

The textbook consists of two characters known as the bhuju and pheli. Pheli is a girl who is very curious to know everything whereas bhuju is a boy who knows everything and performs activities. I feel that somewhere the content developer considers that girls are curious whereas boys are silent observers

. 

Conclusion 

The science textbook of 6th class is published by the NCERT. The book is updated but somewhere gender equality is missed by the content developer. The picture can develop a gender role distinguished in the child mind. Same as the pheli bhuju creates and thinks that girls are curious and boys have answers to the all query. We should neglect this type of representation of women in the textbook and there is an urgent need for more female participants in content developing and cover designing.

Rath yatra during pandemic

Rath yatra during COVID-19

Rath yatra is celebrated every year on dwitiya tithi of shukla paksh at ashada maas (hindhu calendar). This year it was celebrated on July 12 Monday 2021. It is one of the biggest yatra in India.

Jagannath rath yatra is devoted to the one form of lord vishnu. Jagannath- lord of the world- in sanatan dharm hindhu consider the bhagwan vishnu as the preserver of the world. Bhagwan vishnu preserves the whole cosmos from the evils- written in shrimad bhagwat katha. 

Jagannath temple is situated in the puri odisha. It was built by the king indradyumna. He was the bhakt of jagannath. His wife gundicha is known as jagannath swami maternal aunt (masi). She was blessed by the jagannath that he would come at her place for eight days every year on ashada maas on dwitiya  tithi of shukla paksh. 

 In Jagannath temple, bhagwan jagannath is worshipped along with his brother balbhadr and sister subhadra. It is the only temple in the world where brother and sister is worshipped.

Jagannath temple is one of the most beautiful monuments of Indian architecture. The temple is near the ocean. There is a sudarshan chakra at the top of the temple. The flag is daily because they believe that if the flag is not changed on a single day the temple will remain closed for the upcoming 18 year. The height of the jagannath temple is 65 metres. The roof of the temple is supported by 12 pillars. There is a mukti mandap which is made up of granite in the area of 900 square feet in square shape.

During the pandemic, only a few members of the temple committee participated in the yatra. The members are fully vaccinated and found negative in covid-19 test. Maha pandit of the temple said over a lakh people used to participate in the rath yatra. People from all over the world come here to see the precious yatra of bhagwan jagannath from temple to gundicha temple. It is the celebration of ten days in  which hera pancham (fourth day of rath yatra) and the return yatra. I hope that everything will be fine soon so people can celebrate the yatra as earlier. 

The court of puri ordered that the yatra must be in a limited area of puri. In other states the rath yatra is banned by the supreme court. The prime minister of India shri narendra das domodar das modi also greeted the people of the nation on the occasion of the rath yatra. The government of India is preparing for the third wave of covid-19.  If they allow the gathering of people for the rath yatra, it causes the risk of increasing the case of covid-19 in the nation.

We hope that this pandemic will be over soon and we can celebrate the other rath yatra with full of joy and love. Because it is not only a rath yatra, it is a symbol of brotherhood, unity and harmony.

Working out haan!

Exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness.

It is performed for various reasons, to aid growth and improve strength, preventing aging, developing muscles and the cardiovascular system, honing athletic skills, weight loss or maintenance, improving health and also for enjoyment. Many individuals choose to exercise outdoors where they can congregate in groups, socialize, and enhance well-being.

In terms of health benefits, the amount of recommended exercise depends upon the goal, the type of exercise, and the age of the person. Even doing a small amount of exercise is healthier than doing none.

Physical exercises are generally grouped into three types, depending on the overall effect they have on the human body:

Aerobic exercise is any physical activity that uses large muscle groups and causes the body to use more oxygen than it would while resting. The goal of aerobic exercise is to increase cardiovascular endurance. Examples of aerobic exercise include running, cycling, swimming, brisk walking, skipping rope, rowing, hiking, dancing, playing tennis, continuous training, and long distance running.
Anaerobic exercise, which includes strength and resistance training, can firm, strengthen, and increase muscle mass, as well as improve bone density, balance, and coordination. Examples of strength exercises are push-ups, pull-ups, lunges, squats, bench press. Anaerobic exercise also includes weight training, functional training, eccentric training, interval training, sprinting, and high-intensity interval training which increase short-term muscle strength.
Flexibility exercises stretch and lengthen muscles. Activities such as stretching help to improve joint flexibility and keep muscles limber. The goal is to improve the range of motion which can reduce the chance of injury.
Physical exercise can also include training that focuses on accuracy, agility, power, and speed.

Types of exercise can also be classified as dynamic or static. ‘Dynamic’ exercises such as steady running, tend to produce a lowering of the diastolic blood pressure during exercise, due to the improved blood flow. Conversely, static exercise (such as weight-lifting) can cause the systolic pressure to rise significantly, albeit transiently, during the performance of the exercise.

Heavy Rainfall next five days

Delhi, UP, Uttarakhand and Himachal to Receive Heavy Rainfall Next Five Days.

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has predicted heavy to very heavy rainfall at some places of North India, including Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, during the next 5 days. 

The department has also issued an orange alert in Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir. It also issued a yellow alert in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, which are facing heavy losses due to cloudburst. The Metrological department issued a red alert for Madhya Maharashtra and Goa.

The prediction are taken at a time when monsoon has entered in most of the states of the country.

Following are the meaning of the color of the alert issued by authorities::

Green Alert: It means there is no danger as there is no chance of rain.

Yellow Alert: This alert means that there will be rainfall and weather will remain unclear

Orange Alert: This means that there is a full possibility of rainfall and thunderstorms. So one should not go out unless it is absolutely necessary.

Red Alert: Red Alert means warning of dangerous weather. Through this alert, people are warned against going out of their homes.

The moisture-laden winds are advancing from the Bay of Bengal towards all parts of the country due to changes in conditions that promote the advancement of these winds.

Calling Sehmat – movie based novel ( RAAZI )

  • How was Sehmat Khan alone able to influence the course of the Indo – Pakistan war of 1971? Is patriotism still in the hearts of people. The answer to this question is given in the book Calling Sehmat itself. Still people keep their country or watan on the first priority.
  • The book Calling Sehmat is written by Harinder Sikka. This book is not a history lesson but a lesson to learn in life. People still sacrifice their LIFE for the sake of the country and the safety of the country. It is a true story about a girl called Sehmat who was studying in Delhi and became an Indian spy who can be solely responsible to save India from losing the Indo – Pak war of 1971.
  • Sehmat was the only child born to Tej and Hidayat. She was born to a muslim father and hindu mother and hence she was very secular because she had seen two people practicing different religions and still living in peace under the same roof. The young Sehmat agrees to marries a officer of Pakistan army even if she loves someone else. She gathers information about Pakistan while living in her in laws house and maintaining a healthy married life. Sehmat eventually founds about the sinking of india’s pride that is INS Vikrant.
  • The story gives us the ray of hope that there are still people who stake their life for the country. It also showcasts the bravery of the Kashmiri people.  I would like to give this book a rating of 9.5/10. I would recommend this book to all those who truly believe in patriotism. It is a mixture of thiller , suspense and mystery. The plot of the book is set in an amazing way

NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)

NASA is the most popular space agency whose headquarters is located at Washington, USA. It was established on 1st October 1958. It has 10 field centers, which provide a major role in the execution of NASA’s work. NASA is supporting International Space Station which is an international collaborative work on space research. It has landed rovers on Mars, analysed the atmosphere of Jupiter, explored Saturn and Mercury.


The Mercury, Gemini and Apollo programy helped NASA learn more about flying in space. NASA’s robotic space probes have visited every planet in the solar system. Satellites launched by NASA have revealed a wealth of data about Earth, resulting in valuable information such as a better understanding of weather patterns. NASA technology has contributed to make many items used in everyday life, from smoke detectors to medical tests.


APOLLO MISSION
Apollo Missions are the most popular missions of NASA. These missions made American Astronauts to land on the Moon. It consists of totally 17 missions. Among them Apollo-8 and Apollo-11 are more remarkable. Apollo-8 was the first manned mission to go to the Moon.

It orbited around the Moon and came back to the Earth. Apollo-11 was the first ‘ Man Landing Mission’ to the moon. It landed on the Moon on 20th July 1969. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the surface of the Moon.


NASA’s Work with ISRO


NASA’s made an agreement to work with ISRO to launch the NISAR Satellite (NASA-ISRO synthetic Aperture Radar) and Mars Exploration Missions.


Work of Indians at NASA
People of India origin in America are working in NASA and they have made remarkable contribution to NASA.

kalpana chawla

Kalpana chawla was born on 17th March 1962 in Karnal, Punjab. In 1988, she joined the NASA.

She was selected to take part in the Colombia Shuttle Mission in 1997 and she became the first Indian women astronaut fo go to space. On her second mission the Columbia shuttle, she lost her life, when shuttle broke down.


SUNITHA WILLIAMS


Sunitha Williams was born on 19th September 1965 in USA. She started her career as an astronaut in August 1998.

She made two trips to the International Space Station. She set a record of the longest space walking time by a female astronaut in 2012, with a total space Walk of 50 hour and 40 minute (7 space walks). She is one of the crew of NASA’s Manned Mars Mission.

Taoism-The art of letting it go.


Laojunshan, China famous Taoist Holy Land

Taoism (also spelled Daoism) may be a religion and a philosophy from ancient China that has influenced folk and national belief. Taoism has been connected to the philosopher Lao Tzu, who around 500 B.C.E. wrote the most book of Taoism, the Tao Te Ching. Taoism holds that humans and animals should sleep in balance with the Tao, or the universe. Taoists believe spiritual immortality, where the spirit of the body joins the universe after death.

Much of the thrust of Daoism, as we’ve seen, naturally motivates a reaction against the moralistic and elitist inclinations of Confucianism. Confucianism stood for a rigid, detailed, traditional pattern of hierarchical social behavior. Duties were assigned to all or any of one’s social roles—and an individual typically had many such roles, e.g., husband, father, minister, younger brother, teacher, student, etc.

One could escape this heavy scheme of obligations mainly in retirement or, paradoxically, the normal duty to spend three years “in mourning” for the death of one’s father. The withdrawal from society, the antipathy toward ritual roles, traditional “morality,” and any social structures or traditional culture suggests a sort of Daoist “ethos” as an antithesis to Confucianism in China.


One of the most ideas of Taoism is that the belief in balancing forces, or yin and yang. These ideas represent matching pairs, like light and dark, hot and cold, action and inaction, which work together toward a universal whole. Yin and yang show that everything within the universe is connected which nothing is sensible by itself.

Taoism became well-known within the eighth century C.E. because the religion of the Tang . within the following centuries, it existed alongside Buddhism and Confucianism (another philosophical religion). However, during the Communist takeover in 1959, Taoism, Confucianism, and other religions were banned. This caused a decline within the practice of Taoism in China. Many modern Taoists sleep in Taiwan, although recent reforms in China have increased the amount of Chinese Taoists.

Why should we care about our privacy?

Privacy in general terms is the right to be left alone or freedom from interference or intrusion. In terms of the internet, privacy is the right to have some control over how your personal information is collected and used.

More technical innovation gives way to more efficient and advanced technologies. In recent years the information has become the most important component to cultivate this innovation. As many new people are coming on the internet and the amount of information being shared is increased manifold. Every organization or individual is entering the realm of the digital world and data is the entity of this world. Data is also very essential to understand a user or a customer or a client but sometimes there is no limit to the amount of data that an internet corporation is willing to extract. Somewhere there has to be a line that needs to be drawn. In recent years there have been many issues regarding the privacy policy of many tech corporations. Facebook has been in controversy much time. Recently Whatsapp’s privacy policy also raised many questions, then in an ironic move Whatsapp raised the question of privacy by suing the government regarding the new Information technology rules. But this is just the tip of the iceberg and numerous other aspects get overlooked. First, we will need to understand what this privacy means for us as individuals. Only then we can clearly determine the relevance of these rapidly changing developments in this subject.  

“Arguing that you don’t care about the right to privacy because you have nothing to hide is no different than saying you don’t care about free speech because you have nothing to say.”

-Edward Snowden

It’s not that privacy means that there is something to hide; rather privacy is having things you don’t want to show. For instance, people would not like to post their Bank account online or Bank statements. People would also not like to have a public camera inside their homes. Similarly, there are some things that an individual would not like to share online. Privacy can provide secrecy, but there is more to it. Privacy also provides autonomy and therefore freedom to an individual. Well, there is even more to privacy than the freedom that many people do not realize which is that when we think we’re being watched, we make behavior choices that we believe other people want us to make.  Humans intrinsically like to avoid societal condemnation and perception of whether or not we are in private changes the way we behave. This indicates the benefit that a state can have with surveillance and can lead to a conformist population.

As it is stated by many that data is the oil and for many tech organizations it truly is. We can witness this with the various technological corporations that rely upon user data including Facebook, Google, Amazon etc. But Even Smartphone manufacturers like Xiaomi have realized the lucrative benefits of collecting and selling user data. For these companies, our data is money and they earn billions of dollars with this data. Both the private tech giants have clauses in their privacy policy that allows government agencies and third parties to access the data. The data that gets uploaded on the internet never gets deleted and stays there forever. What we have to realize is that even if the information seems futile today, it may have an importance tomorrow. In conclusion, privacy is not a trivial issue and people will have to understand its importance until it’s too late.

References:

10 Incredible destinations you must visit in your lifetime!

Following a routine is a killer for your soul. Who doesn’t dream of traveling to different places and gaining new experiences and knowledge or do you want to spend your entire life in the same place you grew up in and see the same bunch of people every day and eat the same type of food you’ve always eaten? Because giving excuses to yourself for having no time and money isn’t good enough.

“The core of man’s spirit comes from new experiences” a famous dialogue from the movie ‘Into the Wild’ talks about the same thing; having new experiences. The world is a beautiful place and there are many natural and man-made beauties which you just cannot miss seeing. The world has many picturesque towns, beautiful beaches, museums, and many other incredible destinations which you should not miss before you die. 

Today I am going to discuss with you and suggest you 10 most incredible destinations which you can add to your bucket list.

1.Get off the grid at Venice, Italy– It is an ancient small town built on a lagoon. It is the most visited travel destination. It has the most number of bridges in the world and it is also famous for its canal routes; no wonder it’s why called ‘City of Canals’ & ‘ The floating City’. It is one of the most picturesque cities in Italy. You can easily get lost here while traveling as it’s mapped like a labyrinth. There are many hidden routes and shortcuts but all worth exploring. The cafes in Venice are just like any other cafe in Italy. You’ll find people mostly start their day standing at a bar where they drink coffee with croissants. This city is full of life adorned with stunning art and beautiful architecture.

2. See the coral life at The Great Barrier Reef, Australia – It’s the first coral reef system to be awarded World Heritage status. No wonder why it is one of the seven wonders of the world. There are more than 1500 species of fish. You can also spot Nemo too. Snorkeling and diving are the things tourists mostly come here for. It is one of the best experiences in the world.

3. Eye Capturing Cappadocia, Turkey–  The name is derived from a Persian word called katpaktukya meaning ‘the land of the beautiful horse’. Horses hold a special place in the lives of the people who live there. These locals also use horses as an alternative mode of transport for the tourists.  This place is like nowhere on earth. The main attractions are the stunning landscapes, the Goreme Cave Churches, underground cities and of course the hot air balloons. 

4. Mesmerising Meteora, Greece– Meteora meaning ‘ suspended in the air has earned its popularity from the vertical rocks which have turned and twisted with time into bizarre and yet beautiful rock formations. Here the monasteries which are placed atop these rocks appear as if they are hanging in the air like shown in fairytales. You can go to Meteora if you are looking for a relaxing getaway.

5. Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia – Salar de Uyuni is located in Bolivia is one of the most beautiful and remarkable vistas of South America. It is the world’s largest salt flat area stretching more than 4050 square miles of Altiplano. To experience the breathtaking mirror effect most tourists visit this place in the rainy season which lasts from December to April. This is also a heaven for photographers as the endless horizon allows them to play with perspective and depth of field.

6. The magnificent Grand Canyon, US – This wonder of nature extends up to 277 miles. Here the tourists come from all over the globe to take part in a range of activities. The Grand Canyon also offers breathtaking panoramas and stunning sights. Tourists usually come here for hiking, experiencing the iconic mule trip, rafting, etc.

7. Aurora Australis – To see this is truly once in a lifetime experience thing. While we all know about the famous northern lights called the Aurora Borealis we hardly talk about the southern lights. These lights can only be viewed from the southern latitudes and can only be seen within a limit of a 30-degree latitude line. this phenomenon makes the sky look magical. There you will find the sky dancing in green and red light. 

8. The pyramid of Giza, Egypt – The pyramids have always been a mystery. People usually travel to visit the pyramid of Giza to travel back in time, to see Egypt’s beautiful landscapes and its vast deserts. The Egyptian civilization is one of the oldest civilizations of the world and as it is one of the 7 wonders of the world this fact itself should be the reason enough for you to include it into your bucket list.

9. Swing at the ‘ End of the World’, Banos, Ecuador – The swing is located on top of a mountain alongside the Tungurahua volcano. This became a tourist destination for its picturesque location.
10. Maui, Hawaiian Island – Maui Island is part of an archipelago and is the biggest island in Hawaii. It has become a tourist spot for its beauty and the dormant volcano which adds to the adventurous fun for the tourists to visit it.

Ban On Inter State Bus Transportation

Without leaving even a scintilla of doubt, the Madhya Pradesh High Court Bench at Indore has in a latest, landmark, laudable and learned judgment titled MP Bus Operator Association vs State of MP & others in Writ Petition No. 8597 of 2021 that was delivered on June 29, 2021 has maintained without mincing any words that in the extraordinary situation of a pandemic or disaster involving loss of life and human suffering, the Central Government as well as the State Government are empowered to put any restriction in the larger public interest under the Disaster Management Act, including restriction of movement of public by inter-state bus transportation. It must be apprised here that a Single Judge Bench of Indore Bench of Madhya Pradesh High Court comprising of Justice Vivek Rusia who authored this notable judgment was dealing with a petition filed by MP Bus Operator Association challenging various Government orders restricting inter State bus transportation between State of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra owing to the rising number of Covid 19 cases. It was the case of the petitioner association that despite having valid permit to ply inter state buses, the government had restricted them in wake of the second Covid wave. 

To start with, the Single Judge Bench of Justice Vivek Rusia first and foremost puts forth in para 1 that, “Petitioner / M.P Bus Operator Association has filed the present petition being aggrieved by the orders dated 21.03.2021, 31.3.2021 and 22.06.2021 issued by respondent No.3 whereby the inter-State bus transportation between State of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra has been restricted from 21.03.2021 to 31.03.2021 and thereafter up to 15.04.2021 and again extended up to 30.06.2021 due to Covid -19 pandemic.” 
While elaborating on the facts of the case, the Bench then lays bare in para 2 that, “The petitioner is an association registered under the Madhya Pradesh Society Registrikaran Adhiniyam, 1973 having its registered office at C-14, Vikas Tower, Navlakha, Indore. The society has authorized its President Mr. Arun Gupta to file the present petition by way of resolution dated 05.04.2021. The members of the petitioner/association are having permit to ply inter-State transport passengers buses. In the second phase of Covid-19 the government has restricted various commercial activities in order to control the spread of Covid virus. Since large number of Covid cases were reported in the State of Maharashtra, therefore, the State Transport Department of M.P. has decided to stop operating buses from the territory of Madhya Pradesh to the territory of Maharashtra and vice versa. According to the petitioner, the Central Government, Ministry of Home Affairs vide order dated 23.03.2021 has issued guidelines to the States and UTs for issuing necessary norms for regulating travel in other modes of public transport like buses etc. and to ensure that same are strictly complied with. All the activities are permitted outside the containment zones and SOPs have been prescribed for various activities including movement of passengers, rail, air travel, metro train, schools etc. It is further submitted that there is no restriction on the movement of passengers by way of air service and trains between these two States, therefore, the Government of M.P. cannot discriminate with the petitioner by way banning the inter-State bus service facility between these two States which is in gross violation of Article 19(1)(g) of the Constitution of India. The members of the association are having fundamental right to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business which cannot be restricted by the State Govt. It is further submitted that the State has a right under Article 19(6) of the Constitution to put a reasonable restriction on the fundamental right but that should not be arbitrary or excessive in nature. The movement of public between Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra is permissible through air, train, cab, taxi and through private vehicles but movement only through buses are restricted without any valid justification. The members of the petitioner are ready to follow any conditions to be put by the State Govt. for operating the buses in order to prevent spread of corona virus. They will not permit any passenger to travel in the buses without negative RT-PCR report, therefore, with certain restrictions the petitioner be permitted to ply buses between these two States.”
In addition, the Bench then also points out in para 3 that, “In support of the above contentions Mr. Manu Maheshwari, learned counsel for the petitioner has placed reliance over the judgments passed by the Apex Court in the case of Chintaman Rao vs. State of M.P- AIR 1951 SC 118; Saghir Ahmad vs. State of U.P & others- AIR 1954 SC 728; Subramanian Swamy vs. Director, Central Bureau of Investigation and another- (2014) 8 SCC 682 & Narinder S.Chadha and others vs. Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai and others – (2014) 15 SCC 689.”
As a corollary, the Bench then brings out in para 4 that, “The respondents have filed the reply by submitting that in the second wave of the Covid-19 most of the cases came in the State of Maharashtra and being a neighboring State of M.P, in order to protect the inhabitants of M.P, the State Govt. has restricted the transportation of public by way of buses. The State Govt. has passed the order looking to the public health in exercise of the powers conferred u/s 24 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 (for short ‘the Act of 2005’). The transportation of the buses cannot be compared with the transportation by trains and airways because trains and airways are under the jurisdiction and control of the Central Govt. and the State Transport is within the jurisdiction of M.P State.”
Furthermore, the Bench then also brings out in para 5 that, “Shri Garg, learned GA appearing for the State has submitted that impugned restriction is temporary in nature and after the things are normalized the government is bound to lift the ban, but as on today there is a forecast of third wave of Covid delta plus coming up in the State of Maharashtra, therefore, the government may extend the period of ban which is going to expire tomorrow i.e. on 30.06.2021. It is further submitted that any tough decision taken in the public interest the interest of individuals are bound to be overlooked . The members of the petitioner society are not only restricted to do their business but other trade and business are being totally shut down like theaters, gym, restaurant, tourism etc. In order to provide essential items, the government is relaxing the restrictions . The petitioner’s members are restricted to operate the buses only to Maharashtra State where the large number of cases of Covid are reported but they are free to operate the buses in other States, hence there is no complete restriction on the right of trade and business, hence the petition kindly be dismissed.”
What’s more, the Bench then observes in para 6 that, “In rejoinder Shri Manu Maheshwari, learned counsel submits that the impugned order has not been issued u/s 24 of the Act of 2005, and only after filing of this petition the respondents came up with the plea that the impugned order has been issued under section 24 of the Act of 2005. The petitioner has filed the list of the trains and flights operating between Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra in which there is no such restriction by the Central Govt. and submit that the petitioner be also permitted to ply the buses between Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh and vice versa. It is further submitted that Government of Maharashtra has not imposed such restriction on transportation of passenger buses. Even the railways and airways are not demanding Covid report from the passengers and only on the basis of self-declaration they are permitting public to travel to any part of the country. The petitioner’s members are also ready to abide by all the conditions which are being followed by the rail and airways operators. I have heard the learned counsel for the parties and perused the record.”
Of course, the Bench then states in para 7 that, “It is not in dispute that the second wave of Covid -19 started from the State of Maharashtra and being a neighboring State there is a frequent movement of public between M.P and Maharashtra by all means of transport. Accordingly to the petitioner there is no restriction on transportation by railways and airways. The railways and airways are under the domain of the Central Government and on which the State Government cannot put any restriction. The transportation by stage carriages is under the control of the State Government, therefore, the State Govt. is competent to put restriction or conditions in which there is no discrimination by the State Government.”
Quite significantly, the Bench then holds in para 8 that, “Even otherwise, in transportation through airways and railways the entry and exit points of passengers are fixed and known from where the passengers can be checked about their health conditions but it is not possible in the transportation by buses. The buses can be stopped anywhere and collect the passengers which is not possible in the railways and airways, therefore, both are different classes of transportation. The State Government has put restriction only for the limited period subject to the reduction of cases of Covid. There is no permanent restriction for transportation through buses from Madhya Pradesh to Maharashtra and vice versa. The Government is reviewing the situation after the interval of 10-15 days and extending the restriction for limited period. Except Maharashtra the petitioners are permitted to ply the buses in other part of the country, therefore, there is no 100% restriction on the right of trade and business. In the larger public interest, the individual interest is bound to suffer.”
Most remarkably, the Bench then minces no words to hold in para 9 that, “So far as the applicability of section 24 of the Act of 2005 is concerned, the government has decided to enact a law on disaster management to provide for requisite institutional mechanisms for drawing up and monitoring the implementation of the disaster management plans, ensuring measures by various wings of Government for prevention and mitigating effects of disasters and for undertaking a holistic, coordinated and prompt response to any disaster situation. Section 2(d) defines the word ‘disaster’ and 2(e) defines ‘disaster management’ which means a continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or expedient for prevention of danger or threat of any disaster or mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster. Section 14 authorizes the State Govt. to establish State Disaster Management Authority for the State by way of notification. Section 24(l) gives power to the Central Govt. or the State Govt. to take such steps as are required or warranted by the form of any threatening disaster situation or disaster, therefore, in exercise of the aforesaid powers the State Govt. has decided to restrict or minimize the movement from Maharashtra to Madhya Pradesh. In normal situation the action of the State Government can be examined in respect of putting restriction on any trade and business but in the case of disaster or pandemic where the loss of life or human suffering or damages are in large scale then the Central Government or the State Government is empowered to put any restriction in the larger public interest in exercise of power under section 24 of the Act of 2005. Section 72 gives overriding effect to the provisions of the Act of 2005 over the other Act. The High Court in exercise of powers under Article 226 of the Constitution of India should not interfere in the policy decisions taken by the State Government looking to the interest of public at large.”
Quite rationally, the Bench then holds in para 10 that, “It is expected from the State Government that further extension or restriction of movement of public by inter-State transportation by buses shall not be in mechanical manner but after assessing the facts and figures of Covid -19 cases in the State of Maharashtra.” 
Finally, the last para 11 concludes this brief, brilliant and balanced judgment by holding that, “In view of the foregoing discussion, the petition is disposed of.”
To sum up, this cogent, commendable and convincing judgment by a Single Judge Bench of Justice Vivek Rusia of Indore Bench of Madhya Pradesh High Court sets the record straight by holding that in the extraordinary situation of a pandemic or disaster involving loss of life and human suffering, the Central Government as well as the State Government are empowered to put any restriction in the larger public interest under the Disaster Management Act, including restriction of movement of public by inter-state bus transportation. So such restrictions are valid and cannot be objected to by citizens at the drop of a hat. All citizens are bound to comply accordingly as has been clearly pointed out in this notable case also!
Sanjeev Sirohi

DOPING

To continue the fight against doping - Fondazione Gianni Benzi Onlus

Doping is not new to the people . In ancient Greece, there were specialists who used to offer athletes nutritional ingredients in order to enhance their physical performance. Those specialists may be compared to the current sports medicine specialists . During the Olympic Games in the third century BC, the athletes tried to increase their sports performance by taking mushrooms and opium . In the Ist centaury AD, the Greek runners used to drink a herbal beverage to increase their strength and become capable to run long distance races. Gladiators are also reported to use various substances for enhancing strength . In the modern era , the use of performance enhancing substances and techniques by the top sportspersons across the world has been a presistent issue in the world of sports for nearly four decades. Since the beginning of the 21st century, many athletes have been engaged in taking such substances. Some of them have been tested positive such as Tim Montgomery, Marion Jones, swimmer Phelps, etc.

Concept of Doping

‘Doping’ is the word, which is used in the field of sports, to refer to the situation when athletes use prohibited substances or methods to unfairly improve their sporting performance. In general terms, doping is the use of performance enhancing substances or methods by athletes to gain an advantage over their competitors . In fact , some athletes take illegal substances to enhance their performance . This activity is known as ‘doping’ . Doping in sports is the deliberate or inadvertent use by an athlete of a substance or method banned by the International Olympic Committee. In fact, the ban or prohibition on such substances is necessary to protect the athletes from the unfair advantage which may be gained by those athletes who use prohibited substances or methods to enhance their performance and also from the possible harmful side effects which these substances or methods can produce. The following definitions of doping may help in understanding its exact meaning:

According to International Olympic Committee, ‘‘Doping is the use of any method or substance that might harm the athlete, in a quest to gain an unfair advantage, over his/her fellow competitors”. In fact, doping is the use of prohibited substances or methods designed to enhance an athlete’s physical or mental abilities or to mask the use of such substances or methods during preparation for or participation in a sports competition .

According to World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) ,” Doping is defined as the occurrence of one or more of the anti-doping rule violations set forth in Article 2.1 through Article 2.8 of the code.”

“Stories We Never Tell”: A Novel of Hope, Light, and Recovery

In our life, there are some bad phases when there is no one with us, and also we’ve handled our problems alone, and we never wanted to talk about or we were afraid to share because it simply hurts very much.

So today we’re going to review a book that talks about all the things that we never shared with someone. This book talks about hope, light, and recovery in the world of loss, darkness, and destruction. Yes, we’re talking about our respected save Sharma’s fictional novel, “Stories We Never Tell”.

Lessons Full of “Inspirations “:

Story of a girl named Jhanvi who is a growing social media influencer. And a boy named Ashray who had a great onset in his life, with his hard work and determination he changed his dreams into reality, where the girl appears to have it all the comforts jointly but, there was a lack of peace and happiness which was missing.

Apart from the characters ashray and jhanvi, Rishi who was the best friend of ashray helps him as his backbone. Rishi’s nature shows that there is always someone behind our success who is with us and helps in any worst conditions. Whereas Kavya who was Jhanvi’s friend, the same as Rishi Kavya existed as a rock to support Jhanvi in any episodes of life. In short, we can say that the story makes us realize that we need more souls like Rishi and Kavya.

The most beautiful character of this story is Ashray’s mom “Akshita”, brave souls like Akshita who always put together “life and people ”, a support group made away by struggling and beating all the challenges in their lives. Moreover, she also proved that love doesn’t require the relation of blood, she gives us a beautiful message that sometimes we fall in love with people because we feel the time is running but that person may not be the correct one.

Story Talks About Mental Health:

Jhanvi and Ashray, as we know that they both were diverse from each other so their stories are also different. As we see in the story Jhanvi is fighting the outside world, while Ashray’s fight is internal. There’s a line ” I need help” when people read that line they should realize what the author makes us understand, in some aspects of our lives most people don’t know if they need any type of help or not.

In general, the author talks about how being depressed affects relationships, the emotions one has to go through, and the road to diagnosis which is quite relatable.

Characters are very diverse, tricky, and dark and we guess as to the author of this book, it would be very hard to show that after all of these characters are showing hope.

Believe in your Story:

In the forgotten world of books where nowadays, people are being practical and choose to listen to podcasts or e-books for rapid listening, Savi Sharma made us introduce with her novels dedicated to everyone who still loves to read books and for them also who are still searching “hope and happiness” in books. She also said that ” I always believed that everyone has a story to tell and everyone is a writer ” and she believed that one day when all of this will end, people will always remember us as stories.

About the Author:

To motivate millions of people through her writings, Savi Sharma Bagrecha left her CA studies to become a writer. Inspired by experiences of real-life activities, her books swirl around the themes of dreams, hope, courage, friendship, love, and the Universe, to fill young readers with positivity and prosperity.

She is the author of “Everyone has a story – 1”, its sequel “Everyone has a story – “2, and “This is not your story”. Savi dreams of a world full of kindness, compassion, empathy, and love. With collective sales of over 6 lakh copies, she is India’s highest-selling female novelist.

You can find all 5 books by the author Savi Sharma which are available on Amazon and Flipkart.

Got admired by her a lot!!You can also read her blogs on http://www.savisharma.com and you can also get connected with her on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter @storytellersavi.

We hope that you have liked this book review and for more news and blog content stay tuned with https://eduindex.org/

Thank you!!

RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION BILL

Protecting its citizens privacy in 21st century is a part of maintaining democratic character of a nation. Right to privacy is not exclusively mentioned in constitution of India but it is considered as a part of Article 21 which deals with right to life and personal liberty. It has been further interpreted by various cases and their judgements through the years.

Right to privacy is considered basic human right under Article 12 of Universal declaration of human rights act 1948 and India recognizes it through Article 14, Article 19 and Article 21 of Indian constitution which are Equality before law, Freedom of speech and expression and right to life and personal liberty respectively. On occasion India has taken note of importance of Right to privacy through judgements in wiretapping case, Aadhar case, Vineet Kumar case and alike.

Vineet Kumar case stated that tapping of phones should not be permitted unless it is case of public safety and emergency.

The recent case of new privacy policy by WhatsApp caused ruckus among citizens regarding protection of their privacy and immediate need of a legitimate way to deal with it. However, India recognized Right to privacy as fundamental right after Puttuswamy v/s Union of India case (2017) but it was under Article 21 itself. Under section 72A of IT act, breach of data privacy is punishable but it is only relevant in the case of corporate sector and to sensitive information.

India does not have a law dedicated to right to privacy yet. Although Personal data protection bill was put forward by justice Srikrishna committee.

PERONAL DATA AND PROTECTION BILL

Personal data and protection bill which was introduced in Lok Sabha in 2019 finally seems to be moving forward now that it has been through parliamentary scrutiny of a joint committee.

The bill restricts processing of personal data by Government, Companies inside and outside India which are dealing with personal data of Indians. The Bill labeled certain data such as financial data, biometric data, caste, religion and political beliefs as sensitive personal data.

A data fiduciary who is basically an entity or individual who owns the means to process these data is required to take certain accountability measures which includes implementing security safeguards such as data encryption and preventing misuse of data and instituting grievance redressal mechanisms to address complaints of individuals. They are also required to mechanize age verification and Parental consent if procession personal information of children. Therefore, Bill allows data fiduciary to process personal data if consent is provided by the individual. However, in circumstances where state requires data for providing benefits to individual, legal proceedings and respond to the medical emergency Personal data can be processed without consent.

The bill further proclaims that individual has certain rights including right to obtain confirmation from the fiduciary on whether their personal data has been processed, (ii) seek correction of inaccurate, incomplete, or out-of-date personal data, (iii) have personal data transferred to any other data fiduciary in certain circumstances, and (iv) restrict continuing disclosure of their personal data by a fiduciary, if it is no longer necessary or consent is withdrawn.

The Bill seeks to amend the Information Technology Act, 2000 to delete the provisions related to compensation payable by companies for failure to protect personal data. The introduction of personal data and protection bill was a step forward towards democratic data governance and it would further take us closer to constitutionally guaranteed Right to privacy.   

Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com

HOW TO PRACTICE SELF LOVE

Self love is not only about getting a new haircut or getting new items for yourself. Self love is all about grooming oneself by gaining appreciation through the physical, mental, and emotional support. It’s not something that you can learn immediately, its a long process and you could develop bit by bit. Self love does play a huge part in our life as it is the route to stable mental health and overall happiness.

Here are few tips that are helpful.

1. FORGIVING

There are times when you are hard on yourself and hold yourself accountable for the slightest mistake possible. Self deprecation is very harmful and can break down your confidence. Mistakes are opportunities that help you grow. A better way is to take it easy and forgive yourself.

2. BEING MINDFUL

Are you working on the dreams that you want to fulfill, or are those the dreams the society wants you to fulfill? if you are able to follow what you want, how you want, and when you want it, then it will help you in taking care of your happiness. Try maintaining a journal or even meditating as it helps you stay mindful. Learn to satisfy yourself first.

3. WORK ON YOUR NEEDS

It is very important to figure out the things that make you feel better and the things that make you feel worse. Doing something that you don’t like could overwhelm you and make your day even worse. Choose what YOU want to do. It’s completely okay if you don’t want to go out partying with your friends , you can stay home and maybe watch a movie that could help you relax mentally.

4. BUILD BOUNDARIES

The purpose of setting boundaries is not to kick people out of your life but to help you understand what is acceptable and what is not. You would not want to drain yourself by keeping the company of the toxic ones. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a good example that you can use to build boundaries.

5. PROTECTING ONESELF

It is very necessary to keep yourself safe and protected from the bad company or toxic surroundings. You will need to admit the ones who are wanting to take care of you and support you. People who help you mentally and spiritually are the ones that deserve to be held on. Distance yourself from fake friends who are there to just pull you down.

6. STAND UP FOR YOURSELF

This is another important aspect that needs to be taken care of. Being too hard on yourself and punishing yourself for the un-achieved things in your life can harm your confidence and decrease your ability to work efficiently. Try to look at the bonus points and give yourself that candy that you deserve for all the hard work.

7. TAKE TIME FOR YOURSELF

After a very long day you would not want to do things, which is completely okay. Take that long soaking bath that you like or even finish the book that you started. Taking out some time for yourself is one of the best ways that will lead you to self love.

It is impossible to accomplish self love in a day, but the process is beautiful, it sure is long, but it is all worth the hardwork.

Article by : Haniah Mirza

CYBER SECURITY

Protecting networks, data, programs, and other information from illegal access, change, or destruction is the most basic definition of cyber security. Because of recent cyber-attacks and cyber-attacks, cyber security is becoming very important all over the world. Software for data protection is developed by many companies. Many businesses create software for data protection. The data is secured by this program. Cybersecurity is critical since it not only protects data but also protects our systems from viruses. India has the most internet users, followed by the United States and China.

What is the significance of cyber security in today’s society?

You require cybersecurity in the same way that the world requires an ozone layer to protect it from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. And, just as holes in the ozone layer have an impact on our civilization’s destiny, so do vulnerabilities in your company’s cybersecurity. Hackers have gotten more active on the internet during the previous few years. They use advanced techniques to infect unsuspecting individuals and businesses with malware, ransomware, and other destructive attacks. Most of the time, you won’t know if you’ve been hacked or not. Cybersecurity risks are more widespread than you may believe, with one attack occurring every twenty seconds around the globe, according to statistics.

Cybersecurity risks are more widespread than you may believe, with one attack occurring every twenty seconds around the globe, according to statistics. Fundamentally, our society is more technologically dependent than it has ever been, and there is no indication that this tendency will reverse. Data breaches that potentially lead to identity theft are now being made public on social media accounts. Social security numbers, credit card numbers, and bank account data are now kept in cloud storage services such as Dropbox or Google Drive.

Cyber Security Threats and Attacks:

Malware: The most common sort of cyberattack is a malware attack. Malware is harmful software, such as spyware, ransomware, viruses, and worms, that is placed on a computer when a user clicks on a malicious link or email. Malware can block access to essential network components, harm the system, and collect confidential information, among other things, once it has gained access to the system.

Phishing is a type of fraud in which false emails posing as emails from trusted sources are sent with the purpose of stealing sensitive data such as credit cards or login information.

Ransomware assaults are a sort of malware in which an attacker encrypts and locks the victim’s computer system files, then demands payment to unlock and decode them. According to Mimecast’s The State of Email Security Report 2020, 51 percent of organizations have been affected by ransomware in the last 12 months.

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks: A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is a malicious attempt to disrupt regular traffic on a targeted server, service, or network by flooding the target or its surrounding infrastructure with Internet traffic.

Social engineering assaults can be carried out in a number of ways. To carry out the assault, a perpetrator first examines the intended victim to obtain background information such as possible avenues of entry and weak security mechanisms. The attacker then works to acquire the victim’s trust and give stimuli for further acts that violate security protocols, such as exposing sensitive data or granting access to crucial resources.