Tag: #educational

Top Ten Universities in the World

 Ranking the top universities globally can vary based on different criteria and methodologies used by various ranking organizations. However, here’s a list, not necessarily in any order, that often features among the top-ranked universities:

  1. Harvard University (USA): Renowned for its academic excellence across various disciplines, Harvard consistently secures top positions globally. It’s known for its research, influential alumni, and world-class faculty.

  2. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (USA): Highly regarded for its emphasis on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines, MIT is a hub of innovation and groundbreaking research.

  3. Stanford University (USA): A leader in entrepreneurship and technology, Stanford excels in diverse fields, boasting a strong academic reputation and a dynamic learning environment.

  4. University of Oxford (UK): One of the oldest universities globally, Oxford has a stellar reputation for its academic rigour, research contributions, and its tutorial-based teaching methodology.

  5. University of Cambridge (UK): Renowned for its contributions to research and academia, Cambridge excels in various disciplines, emphasizing innovation and intellectual pursuit.

  6. California Institute of Technology (Caltech) (USA): A small yet prestigious institution, Caltech is known for its scientific and technological breakthroughs, fostering a highly specialized academic environment.

  7. ETH Zurich – Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Switzerland): Internationally acclaimed for its focus on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, ETH Zurich consistently ranks among the top in Europe.

  8. University College London (UCL) (UK): UCL is renowned for its interdisciplinary approach, research contributions, and a diverse student body, offering a range of academic programs.

  9. University of Chicago (USA): Known for its academic rigor and emphasis on critical thinking, the University of Chicago boasts influential research and a strong intellectual community.

  10. Princeton University (USA): Renowned for its undergraduate teaching and research programs, Princeton is recognized for its academic excellence in various fields.

These universities often rank high due to their exceptional faculty, research contributions, resources, and the quality of education they offer across a wide spectrum of disciplines. Keep in mind that rankings can vary based on different factors and methodologies used by different ranking bodies.

Structures under water

ocean - Major subdivisions of the oceans | Britannica

Oceanography is one of the largest areas of geography as it deals with the largest form on earth, Ocean. More than half of the earth’s surface is covered with water and it mainly consists of oceans. Even though it looks similar when we look from above, there are deep structures inside the water. Just like the land forms we daily see around us; oceans also have a wide variety of structures. In order to gain a clear idea about those, let us look into it in detail:

Major structures

Continental shelf

A continental shelf is the edge of a continent that lies under the ocean. Continents are the seven main divisions of land on Earth. A continental shelf extends from the coastline of a continent to a drop-off point called the shelf break. From the break, the shelf descends toward the deep ocean floor in what is called the continental slope. Even though they are underwater, continental shelves are part of the continent. The widths of the continental shelves vary.

Continental shelf

Continental slopes are regions of steeply sloping seafloor that lie between continental shelves and the deep ocean basins. Regional gradients are typically 2–5°, but locally slopes may be much steeper. Their large-scale morphology is a consequence of tectonic processes: the different elevations of continental crust and oceanic crust, the details of the original rift tectonics on passive continental margins, and the styles of subduction and accretion on convergent margins.

Continental rise

continental rise, a major depositional regime in oceans made up of thick sequences of continental material that accumulate between the continental slope and the abyssal plain. Continental rises form as a result of three sedimentary processes: mass wasting, the deposition from contour currents, and the vertical settling of clastic and biogenic particles.

Abyssal plane

The term ‘abyssal plain’ refers to a flat region of the ocean floor, usually at the base of a continental rise, where slope is less than 1:1000. It represents the deepest and flat part of the ocean floor lying between 4000 and 6500 m deep

Minor structures

Abyssal hills

An abyssal hill is a small hill that rises from the floor of an abyssal plain. They are the most abundant geomorphic structures on the planet Earth, covering more than 30% of the ocean floors. Abyssal hills have relatively sharply defined edges and climb to heights of no more than a few hundred meters. They can be from a few hundred meters to kilometers in width.

Trenches

Ocean trenches are steep depressions in the deepest parts of the ocean, where old ocean crust from one tectonic plate is pushed beneath another plate, raising mountains, causing earthquakes, and forming volcanoes on the seafloor and on land.

Submarine canyons

A submarine canyon is a steep-sided valley cut into the seabed of the continental slope, sometimes extending well onto the continental shelf, having nearly vertical walls, and occasionally having canyon wall heights of up to 5 km, from canyon floor to canyon rim, as with the Great Bahama Canyon.

Ocean has several other wonders hid under its deep waters. If we go deeper new structures unfold.

Porter’s Five Forces Model

Porter’s 5 Forces Model is a business model and a tool which helps in identifying main competitive forces of an industry or a sector. The 5 Forces Model is mainly used to create a corporate strategy which will help a company to enhance its long- term profitability.

Understanding Porter’s Five Forces Model

The 5 Forces Model was created by Harvard Business School’s Professor Michael E. Porter and was published in his book “Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors” in 1980. The model was created to explain why various industries are able to maintain varying level of profitability. Porter’s 5 Forces helps in analyzing the industry of the company so that a company can adjust their corporate strategy, boost their profitability and beat their competition.

What are the five forces of the Porter’s Model?

  • Competition in the industry
  • Potential of new entrants into the industry
  • Power of Suppliers
  • Power of Customers
  • Threat of substitute products

Competition in the Industry

For most industry, the level of competition in the industry determines the positioning of the product in the market. The intense the competition in the market, the more the company has to focus on innovation, marketing, price, etc. of the product. When the competition is less, a company has more authority to charge higher prices and establish the terms of deals in order to increase sales and profits.

Potential of New Entrants into the Industry

A company’s positioning is also affected by the new entrants in the market.  This in turn puts pressure on prices, costs, and the rate of investment needed to sustain a business within the industry. The less the time, money and effort it takes for a competitor to enter the market, more is the threat for a company to lose its market share. On the contrary, if there are strong barriers to entry in the industry, companies more secure about their market share.

Power of Suppliers

Power of suppliers in a market means how easily suppliers can increase the cost of the inputs. The suppliers’ power in the market is determined by the factors like number of suppliers in the market, uniqueness of the inputs they provide, cost of switching a supplier for a company. If the number of suppliers in an industry is less, a company would depend more on its current supplier, thus giving more power to supplier in terms of cost of inputs and other advantages in trade. However, if the suppliers are more in the market, then company has the advantage of switching the supplier in case the supplier increases the price or if a company finds a cheap supplier, thus keeping their input costs low and increasing their profitability.

Power of Customers

Customers are more powerful in an industry when there are less number of customers in an industry and more number of suppliers. Because the client base for a company is smaller and more strong, each customer has greater negotiating leverage to get better rates and deals. A company with a large number of smaller, independent consumers will find it easier to raise prices and increase profits.

Threat of Substitute Products

A substitute is a product or service that can be easily replaced with another by consumers. In economics, products are often substitutes if the demand for one product increases when the price of the other goes up. When there are no close substitutes in the market, a company can take advantage of charging higher prices. However, if there is availability of close substitutes, customers will switch to substitutes in case of increase of the prices of the products of a company.

Understanding Porter’s Five Forces and how they apply to a particular industry can help a company change its business plan to make better use of its resources and generate more profits for its shareholders.

International Relations

Introduction

The term ‘international relations’ was first used by Jeremy Bentham in the 18th century, although its Latin equivalent, ‘intergentes‘, was used a century earlier by Rijehare Zouche. Both of them had used the term in the context of what later came to be known as international law. Today, nation states have become highly interdependent, and relations between them, political or economic, have developed into an essential area of knowledge.

The term ‘international relations’ (IR) may be used both for a ‘condition’ and a ‘discipline’ Quincy Wright, for example, makes such a distinction. The official relations between sovereign countries are described as international relations, though according to Wright, ‘… the word “interstate” would have been more accurate because in political science, the state came to be the term applied to such societies’. Viewed thus, international relations, as a condition, refers to the facts of international life, that is to say, the actual conduct of relations among nations through diplomacy based on foreign policy. It also includes actual areas of cooperation, conflict and war. According to Quincy Wright, IR should tell the ‘truth about the subject’, i.e., how such relations are conducted and, as a discipline, IR should treat them in a systematic and scientific manner.

Meaning Of International Relations

International relations as a subject is concerned with the relationships among the governments of various sovereign states. Many people may think that relations among nations are regulated and conducted by presidents, prime ministers, foreign ministers, officials of the foreign offices and diplomats. This is partially true. The scope of international relations is not merely political. Today, economic activities such as international trade, role of multinational corporations, terrorist activities and impact of environment are all embraced in the fold of relations among nations.

Most scholars agree that the term ‘international politics’ is used to describe official political relations between governments acting on behalf of their states. The term ‘international relations’ is broader. According to Stanley Hoffman, ‘The discipline of international relations is concerned with the factors and activities which affect the external policies and power of the basic units into which the world is divided.’

International Relations As A Field Of Study

As a field of study, international relations analyses a wide range of political activities. These include war, peace, diplomacy, trade relations, treaties, alliances, cultural, exchanges, participation in international organizations, etc. Each of these activities makes up distinct issue areas on which scholars and foreign policy makers focus attention.

The scope of international relations is often defined by subtitles, like ‘questions of war and peace’ as a subtitle of international security. Joshua S Goldstein wrote, ‘the movements of armies and of diplomats, the crafting of treaties and alliances, the development and deployment of military capabilities – these are the subjects that dominated the study of IR in the past… and they continue to hold central position in the field.’

Besides these, religious groups and movements working in two or more countries also act as non-state actors in the international relations. These may include large followers as the Catholic Church has, or a spread out population as sought to be represented by the Vishwa Hindu Parishad.

References

International Relations By V N KHANNA and LESLIE K KUMAR

Bio-diversity and climate change (Nature’s cries for assistance)

Bio diversity is the biological variability of life on earth. It is the variation of animal, plants, fungi and microorganisms like bacteria. Biodiversity is a variation in the genetic, species, and ecosystem level. Terrestrial biodiversity is usually greater near to the equator. Biodiversity is not equally distributed on earth. There are only 10% of tropical evergreen forests on earth but they contain about 90% of world species. Marine Biodiversity is greater is usually higher along the coast in western pacific where the sea temperature is highest. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots and has been increasing through time. Biodiversity supports everything in nature that we need to survive: food, clean water, medicine, and shelter.

But as people put expanding weight on the planet, utilizing and devouring more assets than ever some time recently, we hazard disquieting the adjust of biological systems and losing biodiversity. Quick natural changes regularly cause mass terminations. More than 99.9 percent of all species that ever lived on Soil, producing to over five billion species, are evaluated to be terminated. In 2006, numerous species were formally classified as uncommon or imperiled or undermined; in addition, researchers have assessed that millions more species are at chance which have not been formally recognized. Approximately 40 percent of the 40,177 species surveyed utilizing the IUCN Ruddy List criteria are presently recorded as undermined with extinction—a add up to of 16,119.

The factors affecting the biodiversity are Residential & commercial development, Farming activities, Energy production & mining, Transportation & service corridors and human activities. Pollution is an another major cause of loss of biodiversity causing habitat destruction. Territory devastation has played a key part in terminations, particularly in connection to tropical woodland pulverization. Components contributing to living space misfortune incorporate: overconsumption, overpopulation, arrive utilize alter, deforestation, contamination (discuss contamination, water contamination, soil defilement) and worldwide warming or climate alter.

Climate change is the long-term alteration of temperature and normal climate designs in short. Climate alter might allude to a specific area or the planet as a entire. Climate alter may cause climate designs to be less unsurprising. These unforeseen climate designs can make it troublesome to preserve and develop crops in districts that depend on cultivating since anticipated temperature and rainfall levels can now not be depended on. Climate alter has too been associated with other harming climate occasions such as more visit and more seriously tropical storms, surges, deluges, and winter storms.

Effects of climate change are Hotter temperatures Nearly all land areas are seeing more hot days and heat waves; 2020 was one of the hottest years on record. Higher temperatures increase heat-related illnesses and can make it more difficult to work and move around. Wildfires start more easily and spread more rapidly when conditions are hotter. More extreme storms Changes in temperature cause changes in precipitation. This comes about in more extreme and visit storms. They cause flooding and avalanches, pulverizing homes and communities, and costing billions of dollars. Many more effects like Droughts, Rise in the level of oceans, shortage of food and more health problems.

Securing biodiversity could be a exceptionally complex errand since most of human’s activities have a negative impact on biological systems by overexploiting them. For occurrence, human exercises create contamination that influences living species. Deforestation crushes the living space of numerous animals, reptiles, and plants. Limiting deforestation Reducing the artificialization of natural environments and preserve natural areas as much as possible Reduce air pollution (by limiting our use of transport and our energy consumption, by switching to renewable energies) Fighting global warming by creating regulations for activities that contribute to the greenhouse effect. Making changes in the way industrial agriculture works and using more agroecology methods.

Top 7 Mobile Phones Under Rs15000 – Best Smartphones under Rs15000 in India

The availability of smartphones have made the price range significantly lower than what it would have cost a decade ago. This is due to competitions amongst the best selling companies where affordability and specifications played an important role.

POCOX3

POCO X3, with only ₹13,999 comes with 6GB RAM and 64 GB ROM which is expandable up to 512 GB. It is 6.7 inch with Full HD Display. Not only that the camera( Rear- 64MP+13MP+2MP+2MP, Front–20MP) is excellent, it also comes with a 6000mAh Li–Po  battery which is exceptionally good for gaming and that the battery could last up to 2days without charging. It contains Qualcomm Snapdragon 732G Processor which works super duper fast.

The reason why I kept this on top list is because I have experience using the smartphone and I love the fact that it does not hang ornheat up like most phone does. I highly recommend customers to buy this because with that amount, there is no other smartphone better than this.

SamsungGalaxyF22

Samsung Galaxy F22 is as good as POCO X3 in comparison with the battery offering 6000mAh and 15W charger. The smartphone ranging ₹14,999-15,999 comes with 6GB RAM | 64GB ROM with AMOLED Display and 90Hz refresh rate. It is 6.4 inch and has 48MP Quad Camera.

I recommend the smartphone to all the camera lovers who consume hours taking selfies and videos.

RedmiNote10S

Redmi Note10S is launched recently containing Android 11,MIUI 12.5 and Octa Core Processor. It is 6.23 inches with AMOLED Display and has 13MP Front Camera. Although the battery is 5000mAh Li-Po l, it is still better than most smartphones under ₹15,000. The price of this smartphone is ₹14,999 and comes with 64GM RAM | 128GB ROM

With the price, smartphones like this is rare to find. Many smartphone users face difficulties because of the storage and this perfectly fits the position.

POCO M3Pro

POCO M3 Pro comes with 4/6GB RAM | 64GB ROM, 5000mAh battery along with 18W fast charging. It is 6.5inch and has 90Hz refresh rate and is only ₹13,999.

POCO is one of the best MIUI products and because nod the updated Android version, I can assure the smartphone will do anyone a great deal.

Realme 8

Realme 8 is different from many smartphones ranging between ₹14,999-₹15,999 because it is a 5G smartphone. The battery 5000mAh as well as the camera 48MP–Rear, 16MP Front is for selfie lovers and gamers. It also comes with 90Hz refresh rate, 6.5 inch display and offers 4GB RAM | 64 GB ROM.

The bright side of the smartphone is that it contains features that other normal smartphone doesn’t.

Realme 7i

Realme 7i comes with 6.5inch and HD+LCD Display which gives a better resolution. The processor is Qualcomm Snapdragon 662Octa Core and the battery is 5000mAh with the camera 64Mp+8MP+2MP+2MP- Rear, 14MP Front. In just ₹14,999, one can get up to 4GB RAM | 128GB ROM. It is exceptionally good for gaming because it does not lag.

Oneplus5T

Oneplus 5T is a 6.1 inch smartphone and comes with 3300mAh, Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 Processor and 16MP Rear and Front camera. One can get 6GB RAM | 64GB ROM in just ₹14,999.

Oneplus being one of the best smartphone brands, I highly recommend the smartphone to customers who are indulge in doing projects and works.

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Butterflies🦋

Have you ever seen a baby butterfly? Me neither because they don’t exist🤭. Butterfly is the adult form of caterpillar. But who gave butterflies the right to be this beautiful🥺, they are a treat to eyes. All the colors they display with so much variety in shapes and patterns is just breathtaking. They indicate biodiversity but sadly the change in climate and the shift in weather is slowly making these creatures to go extinct. Since, they are known to react quickly on climate change and to see them struggling to survive is a serious indication and warning of global warming.

Photo by Madison Inouye on Pexels.com

let’s look at some amazing facts about butterflies.

Butterflies can fly with a speed of 12 miles per hour.Their size can differ from as tiny as 1/8 inch to a huge 12 inches.

Their wings are made up a substance called chitin and are transparent in real. All the colors we see are a reflection of various colors through the thousands of scales present in them.

Photo by Suzy Hazelwood on Pexels.com

There are about 24,000 butterfly species on this earth. Antarctica is the only place to be devoid of their presence.

The Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve is located in Mexico. Millions of butterflies travel from Texas. The trees are filled with butterflies and appear orange in color. The goal of reserve is to protect the butterfly species and their habitat.

They have their taste receptors on their feet. Their legs help them in locating the best plants and are evn used by them to choose plants for laying eggs.

Photo by Quang Nguyen Vinh on Pexels.com

Their average lifespan is of a 3-4 weeks. One species of butterfly lives only upto 24 hours and some migratory butterflies can live for about 8 months.

Butterflies are cold blooded hence, require ideal settings. They can’t fly if their temperature is less than 85 degrees. Some species migrate to warm places when the temperature begins to drop.

Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com

Butterflies are health conscious and so they follow liquid diet. Lol. Actually they don’t have the necessary apparatus that helps in chewing instead they have a straw like structure that helps them in sucking nectar from flowers.

Their wings are a great defense against enemies. All the color and patterns are actually to scare predators away. And also they have 4 wings not 2. Forewings, that are close to the head and hindwings, at the back.

Photo by Aenic Visuals on Pexels.com

What to expect from an Internship

1. Networking

One of the most rewarding takeaways from internship is definitely Networking. It helps build professional relationship right at beginning of your professional career. Networking during an internship is really important for your career growth and social life. The power of relationships can provide you with professional opportunities in the future that you would never dreamed of. It will help you to hear tips and gain advice from others who are successful. There are so many advantage of networking, it will definitely help you to build a great future. Exchanging information on challenges, experiences and goals is a key benefit of networking because it allows you to gain new insights that you may not have otherwise thought of. Similarly, offering helpful ideas to a contact is an excellent way to build your reputation as an innovative thinker.  

In the future, these contacts could be potential references and may be also help connect you to new opportunities.

 

2. Soft Skills

Apart from enhancing skills in your professional domain, internships come bearing gifts in the form of soft skills. Alongside time management, teamwork and communication skills, you also learn to work with people who get on your nerves, adapt to demanding superior and long work hours and take accountability for your work. Skills like punctuality, multi-tasking, creative thinking, problem solving will help you with your full time job.

3. Working World Experience

Internship essentially serve as blueprint of how professional offices work. Regardless of the responsibilities, most internship follow a similar profile. Through an internship, you can learn more about responsibilities, hierarchies and schedules in a real time office. When students have an opportunity to experience real-world situations, it allows them to practice the skills they learn about in their books and truly understand the task at hand. Teamwork is an extremely important thing in the industry.

So if you want to try those big girl pant before buying them, an internship is your way to go!!

4. Compensation

We are gonna be loud and clear for everyone to hear, experience does not pay bills. You’ll come across internship offering ‘learning’ and ‘experience’ as compensation for your work. And often, in the rush to add a few lines to your resume you may be tempted to take up the first internship that comes your way. Trust me, there are tons of internship out there that will monetarily compensate you for your efforts and skills.

If an internship offers you all of these just grab it!!

                

Indian Education System

Education plays an important role in the development of an individual and making him a knowledgeable citizen. It is the education that makes an individual self-reliant, helps to suppress the social evils and contribute towards the development of the society and nation as a whole. Education helps in unravelling the mystery of nature. It enables us to understand and improve the working of our society. It creates conditions for a better life. Education brings out the capabilities to fight injustice happening in society. Every individual has the right to education. 

Indian Education is one of the largest and complex education systems in the world along with China. India is committed to providing basic education to its citizens, the framework of which is defined in the National Policy of Education. Elementary education is now compulsory in India. At the time of Independence, only 14% of India’s population was literate. Now after so many decades since Independence, the number of literates has increased by fivefold.

History of Education System

The history of Indian education system comes from the times of Ramayana and Mahabharata. The historic Indian education system is also called the Gurukula system. There were gurus then who are now known as teachers and shishyas who are called students now. The gurus and the shishyas lived together under one roof in Gurukula until the completion of their education. The shishyas were expected to help the guru in all the daily chores as part of their learning. The children belonging to higher strata of the society were taught all the subjects from Sanskrit to Holy Scriptures and mathematics to metaphysics by the gurus. The Gurukulas during those times focused on the practical aspects of life. The students were taught in the open classroom in the surrounding area of nature. This early system of education in India continued for many years until the modern education system came into the picture in the nineteenth century.

In the early 19th century, during the British period, the modern education system was brought into our country by Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay. The basic strength of this modernized education system was the examinations and a well-defined curriculum, which gave importance to subjects like science and mathematics and subjects like philosophy, metaphysics were given a back seat. The brick and mortar classrooms replaced the open classrooms in the Gurukulas. The essence of the guru shishya bond was taken over by a more formal relationship between the teacher and the student. To understand the progress of any student, examinations were conducted at frequent intervals. The focus of the education system shifted from learning to memorizing of the concepts to score good marks in the examinations.

Problems of Indian Education System

Over a period of time, it has been observed that there are many loopholes in the system of education in India. Instead of understanding the concepts, students started cramming and memorizing the lessons. Knowledge is given a backseat and scoring in high rankings takes importance. The modern parents have tuned their mindsets accordingly and their goal is to ensure that their children score good marks instead of acquiring knowledge right from the primary level. 

Private schools and colleges have been rapidly increasing in the country but the results produced by them are far beyond satisfactory. It has also been observed that the quality of teachers deteriorated with the passing of time. Our examination system is responsible for the wide skill gap. India is producing lakhs of engineers and professionals every year but only a fraction of this number is actually getting employed. This is because the Indian examination system focuses more on scoring good percentages rather than the actual continuous comprehensive evaluation. 

Research and development, which should be the cornerstone of our system, are given the least importance. The private schools and colleges focus on the admission of more students and are least interested in the quality of their education. This is the major reason why the faculties and the teachers lack skills and specialization. This is quite evident from the fact that a single professor is assigned to teach multiple subjects. 

How Can We Improve the Indian Education System?

First and most importantly we should improve the grading system. Rote learning should be discouraged completely. Teachers and faculties should focus more on the analytical skills of the students and grade them accordingly. There should be more focus on comprehensive evaluation instead of scoring only good marks. Workshops must be organized for teachers on a regular basis to keep them updated about the latest developments in the sector of education. At the same time, the curriculum should be reframed according to the present needs of education in India. 

The payroll structure of the teachers and the faculties especially in the government institutions should be improved. This step will help in motivating the teachers to develop their skills and they will take a keen interest in grooming or shaping up a student’s life and career. The government and other entities who are associated with the education sector, need to understand the importance of quality of education. Education should be a holistic process that must focus on the overall development of the physical, emotional, social and cognitive skills of a child. It needs to be a slow and cyclic process and must take place gradually to help the child develop into an autonomous, independent and knowledgeable individual.

Conclusion

An educated individual is an individual who should be able to contribute towards the betterment of the economic and social development of the society as well as the country. The true goal of education must exceed awarding the degrees and certificates to the students. Education is not a tool to earn livelihood but it is a way to liberate the mind and soul of an individual. 

Kerala Govt. takes steps againt Dowry

Societies have a long history of male domination, which can be witnessed from ancient rituals and customs.
Men are traditionally bread earners whereas their counterparts females are homemakers.
With time few things have changed but the major picture remains quite constant.
Dowry is an unethical practice in our society, hidden behind the name of gifts or blessings by elders. 

Many strategies and steps are taken by the government, but still, it’s prevalent. A new development took place in the string of events as now Kerala government directs employees to give affidavits that no dowry is taken by them. This circular was issued by the Department of Women & Child Development.
Under its new rules, all-male married employees are directed to submit a declaration stating that no dowry is taken from the bride’s family.
It comes after several cases of deaths due to dowry-related crimes reported in the state.
The declaration is to be submitted to the concerned department within 30 days of marriage, signed by the employee’s wife and inlaws. 
In case of a fake affidavit, legal action will be taken against the official. Moreover giving or taking of the dowry will be punished by the imprisonment of a term not less than 5 years and a fine of Rs 15,000.

Goods and Services Tax

Everyone may have heard about GST up to this point. GST is for Goods & Services Tax, which is a national tax levied on the manufacture, sale, and consumption of goods and services that makes no distinction between goods and services for taxation. It will largely replace all indirect taxes levied by the Indian central and state governments on goods and services. In India, The Atal Bihari Vajpayee government proposed the introduction of GST in 2000. The Goods and Service Tax Act was passed by Parliament on March 29, 2017, and into effect on July 1, 2017. To put it another way, the Products and Service Tax (GST) is a tax that is levied on the provision of goods and services.

For the purpose of tax collection, it was split into five tax slabs: 0%, 5%, 12%, 18%, and 28 percent. Individual state governments tax petroleum goods, alcoholic beverages, electricity, and real estate separately. Rough precious and semi-precious stones are taxed at a special rate of 0.25 percent, while gold is taxed at 3%. Furthermore, a 22 percent cess or other charges on top of the 28 percent applies to few things, such as aerated drinks, expensive cars, and tobacco products, are subject to GST. Pre-GST, most commodities had a statutory tax rate of around 26.5 percent; post-GST, most goods are likely to have a tax rate of around 18 percent. 

OBJECTIVES OF GST:

One of the main goals of the Products and Service Tax (GST) is to avoid double taxation or the effects of taxes on the cost of production and delivery of goods and services. The elimination of cascading effects, i.e. tax on tax till ultimate consumers, will considerably improve the competitiveness of original goods and services in the market, resulting in a positive influence on the country’s GDP growth. It is not only desirable but also necessary, to implement a GST to replace the existing numerous tax structures of the federal and state governments. It would be conceivable to offer full credit for input taxes collected if multiple taxes were integrated into a GST system. GST, or Goods and Services Tax, is a destination-based consumption tax based on the VAT idea.

 GST Rate of other countries:-

Australia 10%

France 19.6% 

Canada 5%

Germany 19%

Japan 5%

Singapore 7%

New Zealand 15%

Types of GST :

1. CGST (Central Goods and Service Tax)

The Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST) is a federal tax on goods and services. It applies to vendors who do business within the state. The collected taxes will be shared with the central authority. 

2. SGST (State Goods and Service Tax) 

A state’s Goods and Services Tax (SGST) is a tax on goods and services. It applies to vendors who do business in the state. The collected taxes will be distributed to the appropriate state authority.

3. IGST (Integrated Goods and Service Tax)

The Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST) is a type of tax that applies to both goods and services. It is relevant to suppliers who do interstate and import operations. The collected taxes will be split between the federal and state governments.

 

4. UTGST (Union Territory Goods and Services Tax)

 The UTGST is levied on supplies made in the Union Territories of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands,

Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, and Lakshadweep.

GST Advantages

  1. GST is an easy-to-understand tax that also reduces the number of indirect taxes.
  2. There will be no hidden taxes and the cost of conducting business would be cheaper because GST will not be a burden to registered shops.
  3. People will benefit because prices will drop, which will boost businesses since consumption will rise.
  4. Separate taxes for goods and services, as is the current taxation system, necessitate the split of transaction values into the value of products and services for taxation, resulting in increased complexities, administrative, and compliance expenses.
  5. When all of the taxes are integrated into the GST system, the tax burden can be divided evenly between manufacturing and services.
  6. GST will be levied only at the ultimate point of consumption, following the VAT principle, and not at numerous stages along the way (from manufacturing to retail outlets). This will aid in the removal of economic distortions and the creation of a common national market.
  7. GST will also aid in the creation of a transparent and anti-corruption tax administration. Currently, a tax is assessed when a finished product leaves a factory, which is paid by the manufacturer, and it is levied again when the product is sold at a retail outlet.
  8. GST is supported by the GSTN, a fully integrated tax infrastructure that handles all aspects of the tax.

Disadvantages

According to some economists, GST in India might have a detrimental impact on the real estate sector. It would raise the cost of new homes by up to 8% and diminish demand by roughly 12%.

According to some experts, CGST (Central GST) and SGST (State GST) are simply new names for the Central Excise/Service Tax, VAT, and CST. As a result, the number of tax levels does not decrease significantly.

Currently, only 4% of retail products are subject to tax. Garments and clothing may become more expensive after the GST is implemented.

It would have an impact on the aviation sector. Currently, service taxes on airfares range from 6% to 9%. With GST, the rate will rise to over 15%, nearly doubling the tax rate.

The entire ecosystem would experience teething problems and learn as a result of the adoption and migration to the new GST system.

First Olympic Gold Medal for Bermuda

Olympics is a leading international sports event held every four years. With more than 200 participant nations.
Each year hundreds of athletes from all over the world gather at the host country and rival each other for first place in different events.
This year Bermuda,  a British island territory in North Atlantic which first participated in the games in the year 1936.
Witnessed a major development as Flora Duffy wins first-ever gold for the country in triathlon.
Who is Flora Duffy?
Duffy, a 33-year-old female athlete who was diagnosed with anemia in 2013. But still, she managed to bounce back. She is also a two-time former world triathlon series champion.
What is Triathlon?
Triathlon is a grueling race made up of a one-mile open water swim, 25 miles of biking, and a run of 4.6 miles.
The 33-year-old finished with a time of 1hour55:36 minutes. Her opponent, Georgia Taylor-Brown ended in second place took a minute more than her.
Third place was secured by the Katie Zaferes of the United States.

Teen Depression and Mental Health

We have heard a lot of cases of teen depression and suicides due to the same, it’s a common problem of the modern and developing world. But have you ever been able to share something that’s bothering you frankly with your family? Or were you forced to keep that feeling inside you and decided to move on with it?

MYTH VERSUS FACTS

Growing up in an Indian family, most of us must have undergone the pressure of having strict parents who always behaved like the devil with two horns on its head. With that, we were well aware to not talk about our mental being with them because usually, the topic was avoided or changed by the intervention of your marks or the progress in the subject you were failing.

If ever kids try to explain how they feel, they are often shut or are scolded for the reason of their messed up schedule. The adults who are literate and know about mental well-being, ignore this aspect thinking that it’s taboo and shouldn’t be considered for discussion. 

The pressure of acting neutral before parents and gulping their actual feelings make new teens undergo phases that are not only depressive but disturbing, which leads to self-harm and suicide.

Depression isn’t a disease but a mental state, and people should understand that it cannot be cured by fixing the monotonous schedule or by waking up earlier than the individual normally does.

CAUSES OF DEPRESSION

Mental health refers to psychological, emotional, and social well-being, and should be considered as an important factor at all stages of life. 

Excessive stress about work, studies, and peer pressure of doing what one is forced to leads to depression. If a child spends most of the time alone, instead of indulging with kids of their own age results in loneliness in the long term, which is often harmful to their mental development.

The constant nagging from parents and people around about any activity that the teen performs, might lead to long term trauma and fear of coming out to people, which will force them to stay hidden from society because of the fear of being judged will let them down and they’ll probably start liking being alone for a time period until it becomes addictive and courses way to depression and mental instability.

Depression isn’t supposed to look like, a person who is always sitting in the dark and does nothing, it has nothing to do with one’s psychical appearances because that can be faked way too easily; it’s about their mental state which might not be stable even when they’re sitting with you, laughing and having a good time of their lives. We should never judge a person by how they look or what they do because we’re absolutely unaware of what they’re going through.

EARLY SIGNS OF DEPRESSION

Experiencing any such following thing might be seen as an indicating warning sign of depression:

  • eating too much not eating at all
  • having low or no energy
  • pulling away from people and usual activities
  • feeling numb or useless
  • yelling or fighting, friends, and family
  • sleeping too much or not at all
  • having persistent thoughts and memories you can’t get out of your head
  • thinking of harming yourself or others
  • feeling unusually confused, forgetful, on edge, angry, upset, worried, or scared
  • experiencing severe mood swings
  • hearing voices or believing things that are not true
CONCLUSION
Depression should be normalized and talked freely, teens should be educated over this topic and should be provided an environment where they feel safe about sharing their feelings and mental state. The unnecessary pressure must be avoided from the side of parents and mentors, letting them have the space to think correctly and not by force.

Stock Market

Money plays a crucial role in our lives. Every person has a desire to be rich for which people search different paths. One such path is the stock market.
A stock market is a place where buying and selling of ownership of a company take place. These units of ownership are termed shares, which collectively are known as stocks.

Many regard it as a Gamble & state it’s an easy fortune for some, for others, it is a  road to doom.

There is some element of risk in this investment but majorly success depends on the person and their analysis of the stocks.
Some key things to consider while buying a share:-
• Face value(FV) of the share– Dividend is paid on the face value of the share.
For example, if a share is traded for Rs 1000 with a face value of Rs 2. 100% dividend it would mean a sum of Rs 20 is paid.

•Past performance of the company- A company with a good performance record. Have a growth potential and the chances of price rise are more.

• Any major Change in government policy -Change may have an impact on the business environment. For instance, a policy that bars or regulates new competitors from entry will be a good indicator for the existing players.
• ROI– ROI or Return on Investment tries to measure the amount of return a particular investment, relative to the investment’s costs.

Traditional and Online School

 It sounded pretty weird when we thought about attending school from our bed back in 2019, but now when we look at it, it has become a new normal.

THE NEW NORMAL 

It started back in March 2020, when the complete lockdown was imposed by the Prime Minister of India due to increasing cases of Covid-19, and all the educational institutions along with everything else was shut down. The mode of classes was switched to online and all the students were directed to cope with the teachers in the online lectures. 

As time passed by and the situation grew even worse, and the mode of online education became normal like any traditional method of education. Online classes didn’t even mold the schedule of students but gave them a better chance to interact with teachers. It’s not that there aren’t any drawbacks to it, they’re present in almost everything like students finding a distraction during the time of classes and a rush to be highly self-motivated, which often leads to students getting misguided and wasting their time.

TRADITIONAL VS ONLINE CLASSES

Both traditional and online classes have their own pros and cons- it’s up to the students how they utilize the opportunities provided to them. 

FLEXIBILITY: Where traditional classes have fixed schedules and demand the particular time of the student, on the other hand, online classes provide students flexibility and a schedule that they can fix on their own. It lets students stay focused and give suitable time to their other commitments. 

SELF DISCIPLINE AND MOTIVATION: When it comes to discipline and motivation traditional classes do have an advantage for it holds a structured schedule and provides students on-campus interactive sessions, whereas in online classes students need to stay motivated and save themselves from distractions that might disrupt their schedule.

SOCIAL INTERACTION: The interaction in the online classes is so much more efficient than those in traditional because not only provides scheduled doubt lectures but gives access to students of recorded lectures that help them deal with their queries, while the traditional classes fail to thrive because of the lack in regularity due to distance and several other factors.

BLENDED EDUCATION

The curriculum is designed in such a way that it can be studied through both- online and in-person learning. It’s up to the individual on how they take the medium and learn to be productive by any means. 
There might be a minimal difference between the two- likewise timing, accessibility, and place, but both the sources implement the best of themselves for the education of students and hence it’s up to the students to decide what they want in the future, as per the present circumstances there might be a day where students will have to choose between the two options of education, that is- online and traditional.
CONCLUSION
Most of it comes to personal preferences of how one learns more efficiently, hence there ain’t no right or wrong in traditional versus online school. These learning methods can be very effective or of no use at all, all that depends on that particular individual for they take apply it on their personal style of learning.