Risk Parity Strategy – An Investor’s Safe Choice

 In the diverse world of investment strategies, the Risk Parity Strategy stands out for its unique approach to balancing risk, offering investors a path to potentially more stable and consistent returns. As an experienced Forex trader and investor, I understand the intricacies of market volatility and the importance of a well-thought-out investment strategy. This detailed guide dives deep into the Risk Parity Strategy, explaining its workings, benefits, and why it is considered a safe choice for investors.

Introduction to Risk Parity Strategy

Risk Parity is a sophisticated investment philosophy that aims to achieve a balanced risk distribution across all components of a portfolio. Unlike traditional investment strategies that allocate funds based on market capitalization or expected returns, Risk Parity focuses on equalizing the risk contributed by each asset class – be it equities, bonds, commodities, or currencies.

Historical Background

Developed in the 1950s by Ray Dalio, the founder of Bridgewater Associates, the strategy was a response to the shortcomings of traditional portfolio management techniques that often led to an imbalance, heavily favoring high-risk assets.

Core Principle

At its core, Risk Parity seeks to equalize the risk contribution of each asset, avoiding overexposure to any single source of risk. This approach is based on the understanding that risk and return are not always proportionally related.

Implementing the Risk Parity Strategy

Risk Assessment

The first step is assessing the risk (often measured as volatility) associated with each asset class. This involves complex calculations and an understanding of market dynamics.

Capital Allocation

Based on risk assessment, capital is allocated in a way that each asset class contributes equally to the overall portfolio risk. This might result in a higher allocation to traditionally lower-risk assets like bonds.

Use of Leverage

Risk Parity often involves the use of leverage to enhance returns from low-risk assets. While leverage can increase gains, it also raises the overall risk profile and must be used judiciously.

Regular Rebalancing

Market conditions change, and so do asset risks. Regular rebalancing of the portfolio is essential to maintain the desired risk balance.

Advantages of Risk Parity

Diversification

Risk Parity provides a more balanced and effective diversification compared to traditional investment strategies, as it considers the risk profile of each asset.

Reduced Volatility

By balancing high- and low-risk assets, the strategy typically reduces overall portfolio volatility, especially in turbulent market conditions.

Stable Long-Term Returns

The strategy aims for stable and consistent returns over the long term, a key consideration for risk-averse investors.

Challenges and Considerations

Complexity

Risk Parity is more complex than traditional investment strategies, requiring sophisticated risk assessment and continuous portfolio management.

Interest Rate Fluctuations

The strategy’s reliance on bonds makes it susceptible to interest rate changes, which can impact bond prices and portfolio performance.

Expertise Requirement

Effective implementation often requires expertise in financial modeling and market analysis. Investors may benefit from professional advice or engaging in prop trading to manage a Risk Parity strategy effectively.

Risk Parity in Forex Trading

Applying Risk Parity in Forex trading involves balancing the risk across various currency pairs. This requires an understanding of currency volatility, correlations, and global economic factors.

The Evolving Landscape of Risk Parity

As financial markets evolve, so do investment strategies. Risk Parity continues to be refined with advancements in financial analytics and modeling. Its focus on risk management aligns with the growing emphasis on stability and sustainable growth in investment portfolios.

Conclusion

Risk Parity Strategy offers an innovative and balanced approach to investment, particularly appealing in uncertain and volatile market environments. Its focus on equalizing risk contributions across a diverse range of assets positions it as a safer choice for investors looking for stability and long-term growth. However, its complexity and the need for ongoing management and expertise, such as leveraging resources like prop trading, should not be underestimated. In the end, Risk Parity aligns with the cautious investor’s goal: achieving a harmonious balance between risk and reward in the quest for sustainable financial returns.

Risk Parity Strategy – An Investor’s Safe Choice

In the diverse world of investment strategies, the Risk Parity Strategy stands out for its unique approach to balancing risk, offering investors a path to potentially more stable and consistent returns. As an experienced Forex trader and investor, I understand the intricacies of market volatility and the importance of a well-thought-out investment strategy. This detailed guide dives deep into the Risk Parity Strategy, explaining its workings, benefits, and why it is considered a safe choice for investors.

Introduction to Risk Parity Strategy

Risk Parity is a sophisticated investment philosophy that aims to achieve a balanced risk distribution across all components of a portfolio. Unlike traditional investment strategies that allocate funds based on market capitalization or expected returns, Risk Parity focuses on equalizing the risk contributed by each asset class – be it equities, bonds, commodities, or currencies.

Historical Background

Developed in the 1950s by Ray Dalio, the founder of Bridgewater Associates, the strategy was a response to the shortcomings of traditional portfolio management techniques that often led to an imbalance, heavily favoring high-risk assets.

Core Principle

At its core, Risk Parity seeks to equalize the risk contribution of each asset, avoiding overexposure to any single source of risk. This approach is based on the understanding that risk and return are not always proportionally related.

Implementing the Risk Parity Strategy

Risk Assessment

The first step is assessing the risk (often measured as volatility) associated with each asset class. This involves complex calculations and an understanding of market dynamics.

Capital Allocation

Based on risk assessment, capital is allocated in a way that each asset class contributes equally to the overall portfolio risk. This might result in a higher allocation to traditionally lower-risk assets like bonds.

Use of Leverage

Risk Parity often involves the use of leverage to enhance returns from low-risk assets. While leverage can increase gains, it also raises the overall risk profile and must be used judiciously.

Regular Rebalancing

Market conditions change, and so do asset risks. Regular rebalancing of the portfolio is essential to maintain the desired risk balance.

Advantages of Risk Parity

Diversification

Risk Parity provides a more balanced and effective diversification compared to traditional investment strategies, as it considers the risk profile of each asset.

Reduced Volatility

By balancing high- and low-risk assets, the strategy typically reduces overall portfolio volatility, especially in turbulent market conditions.

Stable Long-Term Returns

The strategy aims for stable and consistent returns over the long term, a key consideration for risk-averse investors.

Challenges and Considerations

Complexity

Risk Parity is more complex than traditional investment strategies, requiring sophisticated risk assessment and continuous portfolio management.

Interest Rate Fluctuations

The strategy’s reliance on bonds makes it susceptible to interest rate changes, which can impact bond prices and portfolio performance.

Expertise Requirement

Effective implementation often requires expertise in financial modeling and market analysis. Investors may benefit from professional advice or engaging in prop trading to manage a Risk Parity strategy effectively.

Risk Parity in Forex Trading

Applying Risk Parity in Forex trading involves balancing the risk across various currency pairs. This requires an understanding of currency volatility, correlations, and global economic factors.

The Evolving Landscape of Risk Parity

As financial markets evolve, so do investment strategies. Risk Parity continues to be refined with advancements in financial analytics and modeling. Its focus on risk management aligns with the growing emphasis on stability and sustainable growth in investment portfolios.

Conclusion

Risk Parity Strategy offers an innovative and balanced approach to investment, particularly appealing in uncertain and volatile market environments. Its focus on equalizing risk contributions across a diverse range of assets positions it as a safer choice for investors looking for stability and long-term growth. However, its complexity and the need for ongoing management and expertise, such as leveraging resources like prop trading, should not be underestimated. In the end, Risk Parity aligns with the cautious investor’s goal: achieving a harmonious balance between risk and reward in the quest for sustainable financial returns.

Investment in Indian Space Start-Ups increased to $ 124.7 Million in 2023

 The Government has initiated steps to increase the nuclear power capacity from 7480 MW to 22480 MW by 2031-32, Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh said today.

The annual electricity generation from nuclear power plants has increased from 35334 Million Units (including infirm) in 2013-14 to 46982 Million Units (including infirm) in 2022-23. The installed nuclear power capacity in 2013-14 has also increased from 4780 MW to 7480 MW at present, he said.

The Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Science & Technology; MoS PMO, Personnel, Public Grievances, Pensions, Atomic Energy and Space, gave this information in separate written replies in the Lok Sabha.

Dr Jitendra Singh said, the electricity generation from nuclear power plants in the current year 2023-24 (up to November 2023) is about 32017 Million Units against the aspirational MoU target of 52340 Million Units for the year.

At present 23 nuclear power reactors are installed, he said. The total electricity generated from nuclear power plants during the last ten years (2013-14 to 2022-23) was about 411 BUs averting release of about 353 Million Tons of CO2 equivalent to the environment.

Dr Jitendra Singh said, construction and commission of ten reactors totalling 8000 MW is underway in the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh. In addition, pre-project activities in respect of ten reactors accorded sanction by the Government has been initiated. These are scheduled for progressive completion by 2031-32. The Government has accorded in-principle approval to set up 6 x 1208 MW nuclear power plant in cooperation with the USA at Kovvada in Srikakulam district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, he said.

Dr Jitendra Singh said, nuclear power generation in the country continued to demonstrate excellent safety in the last 10 years. Performance landmarks like completion of 50 years of operation of TAPS 1&2 (presently oldest reactors in the world), setting of world record in continuous operation by KGS-1 of 962 days were achieved in the last 10 years.

Dr Jitendra Singh said, Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) has taken steps to ensure completion of plant shutdown of operating reactors as per schedule and early start of generation from new units and also avoiding of any unplanned shutdown to meet the target. PFBR is undergoing integrated commissioning. Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (BHAVINI) has set milestones against set timeline to reach the target.

Dr Jitendra Singh said, close coordination is maintained with the State Governments during all phases of the construction and subsequent operations of the Nuclear Power Plants.

Dr Jitendra Singh said, Nuclear Power is a clean and environment friendly base load source of electricity generation, which is available 24X7. It has huge potential and can provide the country long term energy security in a sustainable manner. Expansion of nuclear power capacity will help in the country’s energy transition for meeting the goal of a net zero economy by 2070.  

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How to Choose good stocks for investment

 Choosing good stocks for investment requires careful analysis and consideration of various factors. Here are some steps you can follow to help you choose stocks:

Photo by energepic.com on Pexels.com
  1. Research and Understand the Company: Start by researching and understanding the company you are interested in. Look into their business model, products or services, financial statements, management team, competitive position, and growth prospects. Consider factors such as revenue and earnings growth, market share, and industry trends.
  2. Evaluate the Company’s Financials: Review the company’s financial statements, including the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. Pay attention to key financial ratios like earnings per share (EPS), price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio, return on equity (ROE), and debt levels. Assess the company’s profitability, liquidity, and financial health.
  3. Assess the Industry and Market Conditions: Evaluate the industry in which the company operates. Consider factors such as the industry’s growth potential, competitive landscape, barriers to entry, and regulatory environment. Additionally, analyze the overall market conditions and macroeconomic factors that can impact the company’s performance.
  4. Analyze the Company’s Competitive Advantage: Determine the company’s competitive advantage or unique selling proposition. Look for factors that differentiate the company from its competitors, such as strong brand recognition, intellectual property, economies of scale, or technological advancements. A sustainable competitive advantage can contribute to long-term growth.
  5. Consider Management Quality and Track Record: Evaluate the management team’s experience, track record, and their ability to execute the company’s strategy. Look for signs of effective leadership, transparency, and shareholder-friendly policies. Consider if the management has a clear vision and the skills to navigate challenges and drive growth.
  6. Review Analyst Recommendations and Ratings: Check analyst recommendations and ratings from reputable sources to get insights from experts. These recommendations can provide additional perspectives on the stock’s potential and help validate your own analysis. However, do not solely rely on analyst opinions and always perform your own due diligence.
  7. Understand the Risks: Assess the risks associated with the investment. Consider factors such as industry volatility, competition, regulatory risks, economic factors, and company-specific risks. Diversification can help mitigate risks by investing in a mix of different stocks across various industries.
  8. Monitor and Stay Informed: Once you’ve invested, continue to monitor the company’s performance, news, and relevant industry developments. Stay informed about any changes that may impact your investment thesis. Regularly review financial reports and news updates to make informed decisions about holding or selling the stock.

Remember, investing in stocks carries inherent risks, and it’s important to have a long-term perspective, diversify your portfolio, and seek professional advice if needed. Conduct thorough research, stay informed, and make informed decisions based on your investment goals and risk tolerance.

India is moving towards massive investments in infrastructure

 Union Minister of Commerce & Industry, Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution, and Textiles, Shri Piyush Goyal said that India is moving towards massive investments in infrastructure to meet the aspirations of its growing population. While addressing the 4th edition of ‘ISA Steel Conclave 2023’ held in New Delhi today, the Minister acknowledged that steel is vital to achieving this goal, with an aspiration to produce 300 million ones of steel annually by 2030.

Addressing concerns about the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), Shri Goyal assured that the Indian government has taken up the issue with the European Union and at the World Trade Organization (WTO). He emphasized the importance of fair treatment for Indian producers and exporters and reaffirmed India’s commitment to opposing unfair taxes or levies that may harm the steel industry.

The Minister further highlighted efforts to secure better Free Trade Agreement access for the steel industry in developed countries and emphasized the importance of intellectual property and value addition in trade agreements. He also recognized the industry’s support for the MSME sector in India and urged continued commitment to this segment.

The steel industry’s role in the construction sector, India’s growth, and its influence in helping the nation become self-reliant were highlighted by the Minister. Shri Goyal commended the industry’s commitment to quality standards and the need to expand quality control orders to ensure high-quality steel products for consumers. Additionally, the Minister pledged to address concerns related to safeguard duty and other international trade agreements impacting the steel industry.

Shri Goyal said that the steel industry in India currently employs approximately two million people, making a substantial contribution to the national GDP. The Minister conveyed his confidence that the steel industry can significantly enhance self-reliance as India strives to meet the increasing demands of the sector. The industry’s growth and performance have been remarkable in recent years, with Shri Goyal receiving feedback from major steel producers regarding their plans for capacity expansion and sustainable manufacturing practices.

Shri Goyal referenced Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision, emphasizing that as India moves toward becoming a developed nation, the steel industry will play a pivotal role in strengthening the country’s infrastructure. He noted that this recognition of the steel industry’s importance is well-placed, especially as India gears up for massive investments in infrastructure. India’s per capita steel consumption is expected to rise significantly as the country aspires to fulfill the dreams of its billion-plus citizens.

The Minister noted that India aspires to transform from being a net importer of steel to a net exporter, supporting its “One Earth, One Family, One Future” theme. The Production-Linked Incentive (PLI)  for specialty steel is one of the steps taken in this direction, promoting the manufacturing of high-quality steel and bolstering India’s position in the international market. He recalled pioneering initiatives like steel slag road technology, emphasizing the efficient utilization of waste stream slag in road and highway construction. This practice aligns with the principles of the circular economy.

The Minister expressed admiration for the vibrancy of the Indian steel industry, describing it as the bedrock of the country’s development. He reflected on the industry’s growth journey since its inception, harking back to the first steel town in Jamshedpur. Sharing a personal connection to the steel industry, Shri Goyal conveyed his sense of pride as India now stands as the second-largest steel producer globally, surpassing Japan. He underscored that with the National Steel Policy 2017 and the industry’s recent investments, along with abundant iron ore resources and surging domestic and international demand, India is poised to approach the target of producing 300 million ones of steel.

The event was marked by discussions on the theme, ‘Steel Shaping The Sustainable Future,’ underscoring the multifaceted role of the steel industry in India’s growth and development. Shri Piyush Goyal lauded the theme, highlighting the pivotal role of steel in building a more sustainable future. He emphasized how steel, as an essential material in construction and manufacturing, can significantly contribute to replacing traditional, polluting industries. In the era of growing environmental concerns, the Minister underlined the importance of sustainable practices, including responsible construction methods that could help mitigate pollution.

He said that India’s leadership in the G20 presidency this year provided a fitting backdrop to the theme of “One Earth, One Family, One Future.” Shri Goyal encouraged further discussions on sustainable practices, reinforcing how steel remains integral to our daily lives, underpinning our infrastructure and economy.

The Minister acknowledged the challenge of coking coal availability and costs and encouraged the industry to explore alternative technologies to address this issue. Research and development are essential for the steel industry’s sustainability and the future, promoting green and low-carbon steel production. He highlighted the importance of recycling steel scrap, referring to the recently promoted automobile scrapping policy and the potential it has to reduce pollution and crude oil imports while fostering demand for energy-efficient electric vehicles.

Shri Piyush Goyal stressed the importance of a collaborative approach between the government, the industry, and consumers. He emphasized the need for an aspirational target for per capita steel consumption in India and encouraged industry players to engage in innovative and sustainable practices to achieve this goal.

Shri Piyush Goyal acknowledged the steel industry’s support for the ‘Brand India Project’ and urged the industry to actively participate in forthcoming exhibitions to showcase their strengths. He reiterated his belief in the industry’s potential to be a cornerstone of India’s growth and development.

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6th India-Canada Ministerial Dialogue on Trade & Investment

 India and Canada held the sixth Ministerial Dialogue on Trade & Investment (MDTI) in Ottawa on May 8, 2023, co-chaired by Shri Piyush Goyal, Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, Consumer Affairs and Food, and Public Distribution and Textiles, Government of India and the Hon’ble Mary Ng, Minister of International Trade, Export Promotion, Small Business and Economic Development, Government of Canada. The Ministers emphasised the solid foundation of the trade and economic relationship between India and Canada and recognized the significant opportunity to deepen bilateral ties and economic partnership.

The Ministers touched on the important discussions taking place at the various meetings of the G-20 being held in India this year under the Indian Presidency. In this context, Minister Ng noted India’s role as a global economy of the future and congratulated the Government of India and the Indian business organizations on the successes enjoyed so far at the G-20 events in India. She expressed her support for India as G20 Chair, and the priorities pursued by India in the G20 Trade and Investment Working Group. Minister Ng indicated that she is looking forward to participating in the upcoming G-20 Trade and Investment Ministerial meeting in India scheduled to take place in August 2023.

In recognition of the critical importance of the Indo-Pacific region for Canada’s prosperity, security, and its capacity to address environmental challenges, Minister Ng noted the rolling out of Canada’s Indo-Pacific Strategy and noted India’s importance in the region.

The Ministers noted the resilience of bilateral trade in 2022 following the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and the disruptions caused by the war in Ukraine. Canada-India bilateral trade in goods reached nearly C$12 billion in 2022, a substantial 57% increase over the previous year. The Ministers also underlined the contribution of the services sector in furthering the bilateral relationship and noted the significant potential for increasing bilateral services trade which stood at C$8.9 billion in 2022. Ministers recognized the significant growth of two-way investments and their contribution to deepening economic and trade ties, appreciative of the improvements made by both countries to facilitate business growth and attract investment.

The Ministers noted that the trade-related strengths of India and Canada are complementary and real potential exists for trade in both goods and services to expand significantly in both traditional and emerging sectors. With that goal in mind, the Ministers called for boosting the commercial ties between the two countries through enhanced cooperation and by forging partnerships to take advantage of the complementarities in such sectors as agricultural goods, chemicals, green technologies, infrastructure, automotive, clean energy, electronics, and minerals and metals. The Ministers further asked their officials to discuss trade remedy issues of bilateral importance on a regular basis.

The Ministers emphasized the key institutional role that the MDTI can play to promote bilateral trade and investment ties and to strengthen economic cooperation between the two countries. Recognising the need for a comprehensive trade agreement to create vast new opportunities for boosting trade and investment flows between India and Canada, in 2022 the Ministers formally re-launched the India-Canada Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) negotiations. In pursuit of that goal, negotiations towards an Early Progress Trade Agreement (EPTA), as a transitional step towards the CEPA, have been underway and several rounds of discussions have already taken place. The EPTA would cover, among others, high level commitments in goods, services, investment, rules of origin, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, technical barriers to trade, and dispute settlement, and may also cover other areas where mutual agreement is reached.

The two sides also agreed to explore enhanced cooperation through measures such as coordinated investment promotion, information exchange and mutual support between the two parties in near future. This cooperation between India and Canada will be finalized by way of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) preferably in Fall 2023.

The Ministers noted that global supply chains remain under the threat of disruption from the fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the effects of the ongoing war in Ukraine. In this context, they discussed the continued importance of working together to promote the international rules-based order and supply chain resiliency in critical sectors. They emphasised enhancing cooperation in sectors such as clean technologies for infrastructure development, critical minerals, electric vehicles and batteries, renewable energy/hydrogen, and AI.

Recognising the importance of critical minerals for the future economy and green economy, the Ministers agreed on the importance of government to government coordination to promote critical mineral supply chain resiliency. Ministers also agreed to explore options for business to business engagement on critical minerals between the two countries, and have committed to an annual dialogue between the appropriate points of contact at the officials level on the margins of the Prospectors and Developers Association Conference in Toronto to discuss issues of mutual interest.

Both sides discussed the potential for strengthening the cooperation in the field of science, technology and innovation in priority areas by building on the ongoing work in the Joint Science and Technology Cooperation Committee (JSTCC) and seeking enhanced collaboration in the areas of start-ups and innovation partnerships. The Ministers agreed that there is significant potential to strengthen such cooperation and to enhance collaboration between their research and business communities in support of a sustainable economic recovery and the prosperity and wellbeing of their citizens.

The Ministers recognised the value of further deepening the India-Canada commercial relationship through initiatives such as organized fora for SMEs and women entrepreneurs.

Minister Mary Ng appreciated the visit of the Indian business delegation at the sidelines of the 6th MDTI which has enhanced B2B engagement. To continue the momentum of B2B engagement, both Ministers look forward to the relaunch the Canada-India CEO Forum with renewed focus and a new set of priorities. The CEO Forum could be announced at a mutually-agreed early date. Further, Minister Mary Ng announced that she looks forward to leading a Team Canada trade mission to India in October 2023 which was welcomed by Minister Goyal.

The Ministers noted the significant movement of professionals and skilled workers, students, and business travelers between the two countries, and its immense contribution to enhancing the bilateral economic partnership and, in this context, noted the desire for enhanced discussions in the area of migration and mobility. Both sides agreed to continue to discuss ways to deepen and strengthen the bilateral innovation ecosystem through an appropriate mechanism to be determined. In addition, in accordance with Canada’s Indo-Pacific Strategy, further investments will be made to support industrial research and development partnerships.

In line with the announcement made in the National Education Policy 2020 of India for facilitating foreign universities and educational institutions, India also invited top Canadian Universities to set up their campuses in India.

The Ministers noted that India and Canada have agreed to an expanded air services agreement in 2022 which enhances people to people ties through enhanced commercial flights by carriers of both the countries.

The Ministers reaffirmed their commitment to the rules-based, transparent, non-discriminatory, open, and inclusive multilateral trading system embodied by the World Trade Organization and concurred to work together to further strengthen it.

The Ministers agreed to remain engaged to provide sustained momentum including having an annual work plan which is reported on a regular basis to build linkages and strengthen cooperation across sectors to harness the full potential of the trade and investment relationship between India and Canada.

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What is NFT? How does it work?

Do you know what is NFT? What is NFT and how is it different from cryptocurrency. Today you will get a lot of information about NFT in this article. Read it thoroughly and completely.

Friends, the trend of Cryptocurrency is going on a lot. Another thing has come to the fore in this, which is named NFT and it is becoming very famous. People are earning a lot of money by using NFT.

Do you also want to know about NFT, and want to make money from it? So today in this article we will tell you about NFT. So that you can get better and complete information about it.

The name of NFT is being taken quite a bit for a few days. This is a non-fungible token. It can be called a cryptographic token. Any such technical art which if it is claimed that it is unique.

These days NFT is being discussed a lot on the Internet. Especially with cryptocurrencies, people are also talking about NFT.

Many of you are probably also aware of NFTs. But for those who do not know, we will explain in simple words what is NFT? And how can you benefit from it?

What is NFT?

What is NFT? How does it work?

NFT is a cryptographic token that represents something unique. This is called a Non-Fungible Token. A person having NFTs signifies that he has some unique or antique digital artwork which no one else in the world has.

NFTs are unique tokens or rather they are digital assets that generate value.

NFT is a crypto token like bitcoin that can be used for digital assets such as digital art, music, movies, games or any collection you have. NFT has shown a new path to the artists of the world of painting.

NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) are digital assets that can be traded with cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin created through blockchain technology but cannot be physically transacted.

NFT is a method through which digital purchase of virtual things is done. No goods come to you and buy only virtual things which are rare, there is no other option in the world. With the popularity of cryptocurrencies, NFTs are also becoming popular, as they also run on the blockchain.

NFT Meaning- NFT is a digital object, which can be in the form of animation, meme, tweet, arts, drawing, photo, video or music with a certificate of authenticity created with blockchain technology.

Bitcoin is a digital asset. Whereas NFT is a unique digital asset. The value of each of its tokens is also unique. I understood in simple language, that if any digital artwork is established in the world of technology, then it will be called NFT i.e. Non-Fungible Token.

NFT Full Form- Non-Fungible Token


How do NFTs work?


Now NFTs exist on the same blockchain which is the Ethereum blockchain. Ethereum is a cryptocurrency platform that uses smart contracts and thus, every NFT is indestructible and cannot be replicated.

NFT is also made of blockchain technology. It is a public ledger that keeps records of transactions. Blockchain allows digital information to be recorded and distributed.

A blockchain is a record of transactions that cannot be changed, deleted or destroyed. Blockchain is also known as Distributed Ledger Technology, ie DLT.

Blockchain technology is being used for other purposes along with cryptocurrencies. In particular, the buying and selling of digital assets such as NFTs take place on the Ethereum blockchain.

NFTs represent both tangible and intangible objects in the digital world. These include things like art, GIFs, videos, music, messages and tweets.

Let us understand this with an example- Last year former Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey sold his first tweet ‘just setting up my twttr’ as NFT.

This tweet, posted in March 2006, was sold for $3.8 million, or about Rs 17 crore, due to being an important part of digital history.

Indian artists and creators could benefit from indigenous cryptocurrency platforms CoinSwitch or WazirX, the country’s first marketplace video for apps/platforms for NFT users.
Which can create audio files, and art pieces or catalogue their intellectual assets such as Tweets and list them for auction on the platform.

Non-fungible tokens can be used for digital assets or goods that are indistinguishable from each other. This proves their worth and uniqueness.

These can provide approval for everything from virtual games to artwork. NFTs cannot be traded on standard and traditional exchanges. These can be bought or sold in digital marketplaces.

How is NFT formed?


NFT works on the blockchain and the transactions associated with it are also in cryptocurrencies.

are done. Blockchain is a kind of digital ledger like banks, but it is different from a bank because it is decentralised.

NFT is in a way a mixture of art and the digital world. When your art is installed in the digital world, people see something strange in it, and then it is declared as NFT.

Compare bitcoin, it is the same cryptocurrency as a token. But this token is not visible. You can buy and sell it without looking, making huge profits.

What is NFT, what is not

This digital token receives a valid certificate of ownership. Any person whose art falls in this category, his art gets a certificate of ownership.

With this, all the rights related to that art go to its owner. The digital certificate ensures that it cannot be duplicated. In a way, it gives the right to copyright.

How to buy NFT?


If you want to create your NFT collection then the first thing you need to do is to have a digital wallet. Through this wallet, you will be allowed to store NFT and cryptocurrencies.

The wallet must contain any cryptocurrency, such as Ether, through which NFTs can be purchased.

You can now buy cryptocurrencies like Ether using a credit card on platforms like Coinbase, Kraken, eToro, PayPal and Robinhood now.

These platforms charge some percentage on every transaction. Keep this in mind while transacting.

How are NFTs used?


Blockchain technology and NFTs give artists and content creators a great platform to monetize, that is, sell their valuables.

The artist can sell it directly to the consumer as NFT. They also get more benefits from this.

With NFT, an artist will no longer have to rely on galleries or auction houses to sell his art. They can auction themselves.

Not only this, but if an artist’s creation is sold elsewhere, then they will also get a royalty on it. This feature is only available in NFTs. Usually, an artist gets money only when his art is sold for the first time.

How to create your NFT?


To create your own NFT, first, you need to create an online wallet, in which NFTs can be held.

The wallet in which the crypto-assets are stored can be accessed with the help of a ‘private key’.

This private key acts like a super-secure password, without which the NFT owner cannot access the tokens.

You need to link this wallet to a service like MetaMask.

What is the future of NFTs?


According to the NFT Report 2020, in the year 2020, during the pandemic, NFT sales crossed US$100 million.

In India, the government and the RBI are looking at creating a framework for cryptocurrencies.

NFT enthusiasts should note that the NFT ecosystem is an unregulated market for cryptocurrencies as it is a new concept in India.

According to market enthusiasts, NFTs could be the next big thing that could one day revolutionize the way we conduct transactions involving money, property or any virtual asset.

What is an NFT crypto token?

In layman’s language, NFT is a crypto token like bitcoin which can be used for digital assets such as digital art, music, film, games or any collection.

NFT is being said to be the beginning of a new era for artists as it is not a matter for everyone to sell their art in the gallery.

The passion and monopoly of the gallery owners are such that ordinary artists cannot reach there. But if you have the skills, then your art will be valued in the digital world and if you have the power, then you can get lakhs and crores of rupees.

Importance of NFTs in Gaming


It can be considered important in the world of digital gaming. Characters or any other property herein may not be used by those who have not purchased the same. People can also make money from this.

For example- if you have bought a virtual race track then other players will have to pay to use it. In such a situation, it would not be wrong to say that this is a big market for the gaming world.

A 12-year-old boy has done a different feat in London. During school holidays, 12-year-old Benjamin Ahmed created a digital artwork which he named ‘Weird Whales’.

After making this, when this digital artwork of Benyamin was sold through NFT i.e. Non-Fungible Token, then NFT paid him Rs 2 crore 93 lakh for this digital artwork.

Conclusion-

In this way today you know what is NFT? How does NFT work? And also today you must have come to know many more things about NFT. From what we have told you today about NFT, you must have got to learn a lot.

If you have not understood anything, then you can ask us in the comment box given below. If you liked this article and got to learn something good from it, then share it with your friends.

What is Mutual Fund?

Do you also want to know what is Mutual Fund? So today in this article you are going to get a lot of information about Mutual Funds, which will be very useful for you. So read this article thoroughly and completely.

Friends, Mutual Funds are one of the increasingly popular investment options in today’s time. It is an instrument in which the investor gets the option of investing according to his convenience.

He can invest either in a lump sum or monthly through a Systematic Investment Plan (SIP). In today’s time, you can also invest only Rs 100 monthly through SIP.

Short-term investments in mutual funds always carry the risk of losing profits, especially when investing in equity-oriented funds, except in balance and debt funds. But the returns on long-term investments in the last few years cannot be ignored. Long-term investments in mutual funds are attracting a lot of investors.

A mutual fund is a company that collects money from different people, which it invests in stocks, bonds and other financial assets. All these combined holdings (Stocks, bonds and other assets) of that company are called the Portfolio of that company.

What is Mutual Fund?

What is Mutual Fund

In mutual funds, money is collected from different investors and this money is invested in the shares and bond markets. That is, the money of many people is invested in one fund. Which is called Mutual Fund.

Units are allotted to the investor for his money. Now mutual fund houses distribute the profits of buying and selling shares or bonds in proportion to these units among the fund (unit) holders.

Mutual fund holders get this dividend after deducting all the expenses incurred on the dividend fund such as AMC (Asset Management Company) charges, admin expenses, agent’s commission etc.

Usually, mutual funds are launched in the market from time to time under a scheme. Any mutual fund must register its name with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

A mutual fund is a type of financial vehicle that is made up of money collected from several investors with similar objectives and through which it is invested in securities such as stocks, bonds, gold, and other assets. Mutual funds are created by Asset Management Company (AMC).
In simple language, you give your money to AMC and AMC collects money from many people like you. So that company invests all this money in different places by taking the opinion of its expert (Professional Fund Manager).

How to Invest in Mutual Funds?


You can invest directly from the website of any mutual fund. Or you can also invest in mutual funds through apps like PhonePe and Paytm. Or if you want, you can also take the service of a mutual fund advisor.

If you invest directly then you can invest in direct plans of mutual fund schemes. If you are investing with the help of an advisor, then you invest in a regular plan of a mutual fund scheme.

If you want to invest directly then you have to visit the website of that mutual fund. You can also go to his office with your documents.

The advantage of investing in a direct plan of mutual funds is that you do not have to pay a commission. Hence your returns are greatly increased in long-term investments. One problem with investing in mutual funds in this manner is that you have to do your research.

What is NAV in Mutual Fund?

NAV in Mutual Fund means Net Asset Value. Whenever it comes to mutual funds, a term that comes into use, again and again is NAV.

A mutual fund invests money in many places, so if the money is to be withdrawn from the fund at any point in time, it depends on its NAV. It can be used to know about the money in the fund even if there is no selling. The NAV of a mutual fund is the price at which a unit of that fund can be bought or sold.

What is AMC in Mutual Fund?


In Mutual Fund, AMC means Asset Management Company. This management company is the company that comes to the market with different types of mutual fund schemes.

Like Reliance Growth Fund (Mutual Fund Scheme) was launched by Reliance Capital Asset Management Limited, which is an AMC ie Asset Management Company.

How much money can I invest in Mutual Fund?

It is not necessary that you need a huge amount to start investing in mutual funds. You can start investing even with small savings of just Rs 100.

A monthly SIP investment of just Rs 100 can be done in many mutual fund schemes. If you invest long-term in SIP, then there is a tremendous benefit of compounding in it.

There are many such funds, which have made crores of funds from monthly investment. For example, the SIP performance of ICICI Prudential Value Discovery Fund

In terms of turnover, a monthly SIP investment of Rs 10,000 has grown to a fund of Rs 1.08 crore in 17 years since its launch, and the fund was launched in 2004.

How much do mutual funds charge? (Charges in Mutual Fund)

All the expenses incurred in a mutual fund scheme are called the expense ratio. The expense ratio gives you an idea of ​​the per unit cost of managing a mutual fund.

Generally, the expense ratio is 1.5-2.5 per cent of the weekly net asset average of a mutual fund scheme.


When did mutual funds start in India?


India’s first mutual fund came in the form of Unit Trust of India in 1963. In the era of liberalization, the government allowed public sector banks and institutions to introduce mutual funds.

In 1992, SEBI passed a bill under which investors’ money in the market should be protected and the security market should be controlled. As far as mutual funds are concerned, SEBI notified regulations regarding mutual funds in 1993.

Since then, private sector companies have been allowed to enter mutual funds. SEBI makes rules from time to time to protect the money of investors and issues various guidelines.

How to choose Mutual Fund?

To choose Mutual Fund, you have to do some research. There are thousands of mutual fund schemes of dozens of companies in the market, but how will you know which one will be good and beneficial for you? So let us tell you how to choose a good Mutual Fund.

1- For how long to invest in Mutual Funds.

First of all, you have to decide for what purpose you want to invest, then how much you can invest and for how long you can stay in it. If you have to invest for two years, then there will be separate mutual funds for that.

If you want to invest for five, seven or ten years or more, there will be other mutual funds for that. If you are investing for the short term, you can choose debt funds or liquid funds. If you are investing for the long term, then equity mutual funds would be the right choice.

2- Decide how much risk you can take.

First of all, you should decide how much risk you can take for this investment. For higher returns, you have to take more risk. But not only the return on investment, but e should also be the protection of your capital i.e. capital.

For example, if you want to invest in equity mutual funds, then you cannot take the risk that the value of your investment may decline. You have to choose such funds which have a balance between return and risk, only then proceed.

3- Before taking the fund, see its performance The fund doesn’t need to give returns like the one given earlier. There is no guarantee that if a fund has performed well so far, it will continue to perform well in the future. But from the past performance of different funds, you can get an idea of ​​which one is consistent.

The ups and downs in its performance are not very different from the market and the economy. This will help you choose your preferred scheme and mutual fund. You can also check the ratings given by different rating agencies to these funds.

4- Avoid due expenses.

Whenever you choose a mutual fund, at that time, definitely see what are the expenses associated with investing in it. The expenses you need to look at are our entry and exit load, asset management charges, and expense ratio.

Be sure to also check the asset management charges and expense ratio as all these expenses reduce your profit. An expense ratio of up to 1.5 per cent is considered reasonable for a mutual fund, but avoid investing in funds with an expense ratio higher than that.

Is Mutual Fund Right?

Risk is everywhere, but let us tell you that the regulation of mutual funds is done by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). In such a situation, mutual fund companies have to follow the guidelines made by SEBI.

This ensures that investors are not misguided and misguided unfairly. In such a situation, this guideline works in favour of both the investor and the mutual fund companies.

For more information about Mutual Funds, one can visit the website of the Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI) at amfiindia.com.

Conclusion-

So friends, in this way now you must have understood what a mutual fund is, and at the same time, you must have got to know many more things about mutual funds today.

Today, along with what is Mutual Fund, you also know that you can invest in Mutual Fund, as well as what should be kept in mind while investing in Mutual Funds and then invest.

If you liked this article, then definitely share it with your friends, and also inform them about Mutual Funds. If you have any questions or suggestions then you can give them in below comment box.

What is SIP? Full details of SIP

Do you know what is SIP? How to invest in SIP? So friends, today we are going to tell you everything from SIP Meaning In Hindi to everything about it. So read this article completely and thoroughly.

Perhaps you must have heard about SIP from someone, invest in SIP, it is very good or someone must have told you that you know about SIP, only then today you come here to know about SIP.

That’s why today we are going to give you a lot of information about SIP. This information will be very useful for you, and you will get to know a lot about SIP, which you will hardly know.

What is SIP? Full details of SIP

What is SIP? Full details of SIP

Today in this article we are going to tell you, what is SIP and what is its work? More information will be given to you through this article, so let’s go ahead.

Your emphasis should always be on saving money. With this, you will be able to achieve your financial goals, and you will be able to face problems in the future.

Investing in mutual funds through SIPs has grown exponentially in the last few years. If you also want to earn a good return on your savings, then we are telling you how you can easily invest in SIP, so let’s know about SIP.


What is SIP?

SIP i.e. Systematic Investment Plan This is a facility given by mutual funds to its investors, which allows them to invest in the fund for a fixed time period, and which is called SIP.

Investors can also start investing in mutual funds through SIP with a minimum amount of Rs 500. Every month a fixed amount is invested in the chosen mutual fund from the investor’s bank account. The investor is then given a fixed number of mutual fund units in return, based on the Net Asset Value (NAV).

If you want to get a regular and balanced wealth, then you should invest your saved amount through SIP. By doing SIP, not only are we increasing our savings, but through this we also get tax exemption.

SIP is mostly used to invest in Mutual Funds. In this method, instead of investing the entire amount at once, the investor keeps on investing a fixed amount at a fixed time interval.

Like the investor has started SIP of 1000 rupees per month, then he will keep investing 1000 rupees in that mutual fund every month.

Investing your small amount every month or every quarter does not increase the financial burden on the investor. Therefore, even a person with very low income can make this investment.

Benefits of SIP


A disciplined approach towards investing helps a lot in building wealth in the long run.

The earlier you invest, the more your money grows over time.

According to the income and saving capacity, the amount of SIP can be increased or decreased.

It allows you to start and stop SIP as per your wish.

After starting the SIP without any restriction, the date of its tenure can also be changed.

You can reap the benefits of a huge amount of your investment after some time.

If you close the S.I.P in a poorly performing fund, the fund house does not charge a fee.

If you want to increase the amount of your SIP, then you do not need to start a new SIP for this. You can increase the amount by increasing the existing SIP.

There are many benefits to investing in SIP. You can start SIP for any number of years. On the other hand, if you want, you can also stop it in the middle. There is no penalty for stopping the SIP in between. Apart from this, you can also change your SIP amount in between.

In every scheme of mutual funds, several dates are given for SIP. You can choose any date. If you want, you can also start different SIPs of the same mutual fund scheme for more than one date.

Another good thing about investing through SIP is that it is a hassle free process. All an investor has to do is instruct his bank to enable auto-debit from his account.

This way the investor does not need to go through manually and pay his installment amount, the technology works for him.

In most mutual fund schemes, SIPs are allowed to start from Rs.500. There are only a few schemes where SIP can be started with a minimum of Rs 1000.

If you start any good mutual fund scheme with a SIP of Rs 500 a month, then it will grow in this way. Here the return is considered to be up to 12 percent.

Best mutual funds to invest in.

HDFC Small Cap Fund

DSP BlackRock Midcap Fund

HDFC Mid-Cap Opportunities Fund

Axis Focused 25 fund

ICICI Prudential Bluechip Fund

L&T India Prudence Fund

Mirae Asset India Opportunities Fund-Reg

SBI Blue Chip Fund-Reg

Franklin India Prima Plus Fund

TATA India Consumer Fund

What is the risk in SIP?

Lack of money every month.

Currency and foreign investment risk.

liquidity risk.

Market and policy change risk.

Hidden charges and fraud.

how to invest in SIP


To start investing in SIP, you have to first complete the KYC formalities. For this, you will have to keep a check book ready to give PAN card, address proof, passport size photograph and bank details.

In the next step, you go to the website of the fund house where you want to invest through SIP. Here you have to give basic information like your name, date of birth. Softcopy of PAN card, address proof and photo will also have to be uploaded.

After this, an appointment for a video call will have to be taken for verification. During the videocall verification, you will also have to show your Aadhar card and PAN card.

After the verification process is completed, you have to choose the mutual fund scheme of your choice, in which you want to invest. To register a new account, you need to fill an application form. After giving all the information here, the ID password will also have to be selected. Here you will also give bank details.

When the registration is complete and you get the confirmation from the fund house, then you can start investing.


Conclusion-

Friends, in this way now you must have come to know what is SIP? And at the same time you must have got to know many more information about SIP. Today you must have got some information about SIP through this article. Which would have worked for you.

If you still don’t understand anything, or you want to ask us something, then you can ask us in the comment box given below. We will do our best to help you.

And also, if you liked this article, and you got to learn something good from it today, then definitely share it with your friends and also inform them about SIP.

What is IPO? All you need to know about IPO

Who does not love money, and then if even more money is made by investing money somewhere, then you will also know how good it will be.

In the same way, many big and small companies also keep investing in the same way, and at the same time many ways are brought to invest in them, one of them is IPO.

So today we are awake to tell you what this IPO is, and how you can get a lot of returns by investing in a good IPO.

A company planning an IPO will typically select an underwriter or underwriter. They will also choose an exchange in which the shares will be issued and subsequently publicly traded.


Are you planning to invest in IPO? So get ready, because there are lots of good IPOs coming up next week. So, if you want to invest, you need to have complete knowledge about it. Let’s know what is IPO?

What is IPO


What is IPO?

IPO means Initial Public Offering which is called IPO in short. When a company issues its common stock or shares to the public for the first time, it is called an IPO, Initial Public Offering.

This IPO is issued by limited companies so that they can get listed on the stock exchange. After listing on the stock exchange, the shares of the company can be bought in the stock market.

In IPO, when a company issues its common stock or shares to the public for the first time, it is called IPO (Initial Public Offering).

IPOs are mostly issued by smaller, newer companies that want capital to grow their business, but they can also be issued by large privately-owned companies that enter the public market. She wants to do business (publicly traded).

What is IPO

Typically a large IPO is underwritten by a syndicate of investment banks, led by one or more large investment banks.

On the sale of shares, underwriters receive a commission based on the value of the shares sold. Typically, the lead underwriter, the underwriter who has sold the largest portion of the IPO, receives the highest commission – 8 % in some cases.

How do IPOs work?

Before an IPO, a company is considered private. As a private company, the business has grown with a relatively small number of shareholders, including early investors such as founders, family and friends, as well as professional investors such as venture capitalists or angel investors.

When a company reaches a stage in its growth process where it believes it is mature enough to meet the rigors of SEC regulations, as well as the benefits and responsibilities to public shareholders, it may advertise its interest in going public.

Typically, this stage of growth will occur when a company has reached a personal valuation of about $1 billion, also known as unicorn status.

However, private companies with different valuations with strong fundamentals and proven profitability potential may also qualify for an IPO based on market competitiveness and ability to meet listing requirements.

An IPO is a big step for a company. This facilitates the company to raise a lot of money. This gives the company more potential to grow and expand. The increased transparency and credibility of share listings can also help in getting better terms along with borrowing funds.


Some important things about IPO.

IPO refers to the process of offering shares of a private corporation to the public in a new stock issuance.

Companies must meet requirements by exchanges and the SEC to hold an initial public offering.

Companies hire investment banks to market, solicit demand, price and date IPOs, and more.

An IPO can be viewed as an exit strategy for company founders and early investors, to realize the full benefits from their personal investments.

The company that offers its shares, known as the ‘issuer’, does so with the help of investment banks. After the IPO, the company’s shares are traded on an open market. Those shares can be further sold by investors through secondary market trading.


What is IPO?

The company that offers its shares, known as the ‘issuer’, does so with the help of investment banks. After the IPO, the company’s shares are traded on an open market. Those shares can be further sold by investors through secondary market trading.

The stages of an IPO include the following:

Underwriters submit proposals and valuations that discuss their services, market offerings

The best type of security to offer the price for, the quantity of shares and the estimated time frame.

The company chooses its underwriter and formally agrees to underwrite the terms through an underwriting agreement.

IPO teams are formed of underwriters, attorneys, certified public accountants, and Securities and Exchange Commission experts.

Ensure procedures for reporting auditable financial and accounting information every quarter.

What is the reason for bringing IPO?

When a company needs additional capital, it issues an IPO. This IPO company can issue even when it is short of funds, it considers it better to raise money from IPO instead of taking loan from the market.

This is the expansion plan of any company. After listing on the stock exchange, the company can invest its shares in other schemes.

Securities and Exchange Board of India i.e. SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) is a government regulator for companies that bring IPO.

It makes the companies bringing the IPO strictly follow the rules. Companies are obliged to give all kinds of information to SEBI.

The money raised through IPO is generally used for the expansion of the company, its technological development, to buy new assets, to clear debts, etc.


How many types of IPO are there? (Types of IPO)

There are two types of IPO. First Fixed Price IPO and second Book Building IPO Let us know about both.

Fixed Price IPO

Fixed price IPO can be referred to as the issue price that some companies set for the initial sale of their shares.

Investors get to know about the price of the shares that the company decides to take public.

The demand for shares in the market can be ascertained after the issue is closed. If investors participate in this IPO, they must ensure that they pay the full price of the shares while applying.

Book Building IPO

In terms of book building, the company initiating an IPO offers investors a 20% price band on the shares. Interested investors place bids on the shares before the final price is fixed.

Here investors need to specify the number of shares they wish to buy and the amount they are willing to pay per share.

The lowest share price is known as the floor price and the highest stock price is known as the cap price. The final decision regarding the price of the shares is determined by the bids of the investors.

How to invest in IPO?

The IPO issuer opens its IPO for investors for 3-10 days. Meaning when any IPO comes, any investor can buy it within 3 to 10 days.

Some companies keep their IPO issuance period for only 3 days and some keep more than three days.

You can invest in an IPO within these specified days by visiting the company’s site or through a registered brokerage.

Now if IPO is a fixed price issue then you have to apply for IPO at the same fixed price, and if IPO is a book building issue then you have to bid on that book building issue only.

IPO Allotment Process

When the IPO opening closes, the company allots the IPO. In this process, the company allots the IPO to all the investors and after the IPO is allotted to the investors, the shares get listed on the stock exchange (STOCK MARKET).

After listing in the stock market, shares are bought and sold in the secondary market. Unless the shares are listed in the stock market, you cannot sell them. Once the shares are listed in the stock market, the money and the shares are exchanged between the two investors.

Once listed, you can also sell and buy shares according to the stock market timing.


Is it good to invest in IPO?

Investing in IPO is a good idea but investing in every single IPO may not be the same. After all, the course of each IPO is different.

Initial Public Offerings present a convenient platform, especially for early investors. This is a good opportunity for them to enter the market at the best possible rates.

How does IPO make money?

A bank or group of banks put money to fund an IPO and buy shares of the company even before it is listed on a stock exchange.

Banks make their profit on the difference in price paid before the IPO and when the shares are officially offered to the public.

Overall, the road to IPO is very long. Thus, interest-generating public investors can develop headlines and other information along the way to help them complement the valuation of the best and potential offering price.

The pre-marketing process typically involves demand from large private accredited investors and institutional investors that influence the opening day of the IPO.

Investors are not included in the public until the day of the final offering. All investors can participate but individual investors must have exclusive trading access.

The most common way for an individual investor to obtain shares is to have an account with a brokerage platform that itself receives an allotment and wishes to share it with its clients.

So friends, you must have understood that what is IPO? Or what is IPO, although we have tried to give you some information about IPO, but still if you have any problem or you want to ask something from us, you can ask in the comment box given below. We will do our best to help you.

Setting financial goals that one can achieve

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When we hear the term ‘goal’, the very first thing that comes to our mind is a certain objective that a person desires to achieve at some point of time of his life owing to his determination, capability and will power. We all have certain goals in our life. One of the most common goals that everyone shares is ‘to achieve financial stability’. Speaking about financial stability, here, we put forward the idea of being monetarily sufficient to lead a stable life without facing any issues related to money. Financial goals do vary from person to person. Although each one’s goals vary, it is not a compulsion or a possibility at everyone’s part to fulfill those goals. This is due to the difference between the determination and capability of different people. There are certain cases where a person sets much high of a goal than what he is capable of achieving, resulting in nothing but failure and discouragement. One has to keep certain things in the mind while setting the financial goals.

Given below are few basic points that a person should keep in mind while setting any financial goal:

1. When should a person start setting a financial goal? There is no particular age as to when a person should set a financial goal. The age can be as low as 16 to as high as 25-30. The most preliminary thing to be kept in mind is how much the person is aware of his/ her capabilities and validness of his/ her goals. Of course, this can be a bit confusing. This leads to our next point.

2. Know your capabilities: This is the very thing a person should be aware of while setting his/ her financial goal. There is no point of setting a very big goal irrespective of one’s capabilities, as it will result in nothing but inability to fulfill the goal followed by sheer disappointment. It is good to step out of the comfort zone but that does not mean setting higher goals and falling short in completing them.

3. Evaluate the validity of your goal and the deadline set to achieve the same: This is the second most important thing one should keep in mind. A person should set a valid goal that ensures success owing to his/ her capabilities and determination to complete them. It is also important to keep the deadline practical. There is no use of setting a high goal to be completed within a year or two but falling short in completing so due to lack of time and skills. Knowing one’s capabilities and evaluating the validity of his/ her goals go hand in hand.

4. Have appropriate knowledge regarding financial benefits of your goals: Having appropriate idea about how much benefit one is supposed to gain from his/ her goals is another important point one should keep in mind. Thoughts such as “Whether the goal will only provide short term benefit?” or “whether it will provide a long-term benefit?” must be taken into consideration.

5. Take help of a person who has already succeeded in achieving his/ her financial goals: Having some advice from experienced person can help a lot in setting the financial goal. With proper guidance it becomes easier to achieve one’s goal. For example, a student while facing a problem in mathematics asks the respective subject teacher his doubt and not to someone who specializes in any another subject. Similarly taking help of someone who has already achieved financial stability will give a person a true picture of his/ her goal validity and fulfillment.

6. Start investing during an early age and start from a small amount: Investment in various share markets, stock markets and mutual funds is the new age shortcut way of achieving financial goals. No doubt these markets have innumerable number of risk factors. Thus, first try investing in small amounts in different firms and thereafter go for any big amount. Also, investing at an early age is more beneficial than investing at the later age.

7. Do not make any hasty decisions while doing an investment: Do not make quick investments in the mentioned areas such as, mutual funds or share markets, without having proper and adequate knowledge about the entire thing. Do not fall prey to any fraudulent calls or messages and make quick decisions.

8. Consult a financial advisor, if necessary: While facing any difficulties, one can always take help of a verified financial advisor while setting his/ her financial goals. As stated previously, these are a few basic points to be kept in mind while setting a financial goal and actually being able to achieve them. One can always delve deeper into the ocean of knowledge before setting his/ her goal and making the achievement possible. Setting of goals on a long-term basis is very helpful in the modern world which is full of uncertainty and risk.

INVESTMENT MODELS

Before starting with investment models we must understand what investment is. Investing is the exchange of money for profitable assets. The same profit is used to invest in other assets. Investment is important for a country’s economic well-being, as it contributes to growth and development. When a government invests in a business, agriculture, manufacturing, or support industry, it can create employment opportunities for its people. However, a strong investment scenario is when the government and the private sector work together to create investment opportunities. Also, we make an investment and choose a proxy for a investment model, we should keep in mind that the following factors are involved: Savings rate. National tax rate. (Net profit after tax). inflation. Bank interest rates. Potential rate of return on investment. Availability of other factors of production (cheap land, labor, etc.) and the infrastructure that underpins them-transportation, energy, telecommunications. Market size and stability.

TYPES OF INVESTMENT MODELS

The following are the main investment models Public investment models: In public investment models, the government makes investments in specific goods and services through the central or state government or with support from the public sector using the revenue generated from this activity. . Private Investment Model: As is the case with India, there are times when public sector revenues are not sufficient to cover some of the revenue shortfalls that may arise. Therefore, the government invites private members to invest in some of its companies. This investment can be domestic or foreign. Foreign direct investment (FDI) can improve existing infrastructure and create jobs in the process. This model is one of the most sought-after in terms of outside investment. Public-private partnership model: A public-private partnership (PPP, 3P, or P3) is a partnership agreement between two or more public and private sectors, usually on a long-term basis. The following sectors in India already have projects based on the PPP model: Health, Power industry, Railways, Urban housing.

There are also other investment models. They are as follows: Country investment model: can be public company or PPP Foreign investment model: can be mostly foreign or a mixture of foreign – domestic Sector-specific investment models: where investments are made in special economic zones or other related sectors Cluster investment models: Investment in manufacturing industries is an example.

INVESTMENT MODELS USED IN INDIA

The following investment models are used:

Harrod-Domar model: This model is biased towards an industry model in which the driver of economic growth depends on policies that increase saving and technological progress.

The Solow Swan Model: This is an extension of the Harrod-Domar model, with a particular focus on productivity growth.

Feldman – Mahalanobis Model: This model focuses on improving the domestic consumer goods sector, where there is sufficient capital sector commodity capacity. It then evolved into the four-zone pattern also known as the Nehru-Mahalanobis model.

Rao ManMohan Model: Named after Narasimha Rao and Dr. Manmohan Singh, this model applies the policy of economic liberalization and FDI inflows in 1999. Lewis model of economic development through supply unlimited labor.

Sources: https://www.insightsonindia.com/indian-economy-3/investment-models/

EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON INDIAN SOCIETY

Globalization has many meaning depending on the circumstance and on the individual who is talking about. There is one of the term of Globalization is a process of the “reconfiguration of geography, so that social space is not entirely mapped in terms of territorial distance, territorial places and territorial borders.” The simple term of globalization refers to the integration of economies of the world through uninhibited trade and financial flows, as also through mutual exchange of technology and knowledge. Ideally, it also contains free inter country movement of labor.

Indian society drastically changes after urbanization and globalization. The economic policies has direct influence in forming the basic framework of the Indian economy. The government shaped administrative policies which aim to promote business opportunities in every country, generate employment and attract global investment. In which the Indian economy witnessed an impact on its culture and introduction to other societies and their norms brought various changes to the culture of this country as well. The developed countries have been trying to pursue developing countries to liberalize the trade and allow more flexibility in business policies to provide equal opportunities to multinational firms in their domestic market. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank helped them in this endeavor. Liberalization began to hold its foot on barren lands of developing countries like India by means of reduction in excise duties on electronic goods in a fixed time Frame.

Globalization has several aspects and can be political, cultural, social, and economic, out of Financial integration is the most common aspect. India is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world and has been predicted to reach the top three in the next decade. India’s massive economic growth is largely due to globalization which was a transformation that didn’t occur until the 1990s. Since then, the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) has grown at an exponential rate.

Indian government did the same and liberalized the trade and investment due to the pressure from the World Trade Organization. Import duties were cut down phase-wise to allow MNC’s operate in India on an equal basis. As a result globalization has brought to India new technologies, new products and also the economic opportunities.

Despite bureaucracy, lack of infrastructure and an ambiguous policy framework that adversely impact MNCs operating in India, MNCs are looking at India in a big way, and are making huge investments to set up R&D centres in the country. India has made a lead over other growing economies for IT, business processing, and R&D investments. There have been both positive and negative impacts of globalisation on social and cultural values in India.

Economic Impact:

1. Greater Number of Jobs: The advent of foreign companies led to the growth in the economy which led to creating job opportunities. However, these jobs are concentrated in the various services sectors and led to rapid growth of the service sector creating problems for individuals with low levels of education. The last decade came to be known for its jobless growth as job creation was not proportionate to the level of economic growth.

2. More choice to consumers: Globalisation has led to having more choices in the consumer products market. There is a range of choices in selecting goods unlike the times where there were just a couple of manufacturers.

3. Higher Disposable Incomes: People in cities working in high paying jobs have greater income to spend on lifestyle goods. There’s been an increase in the demand for products like meat, egg, pulses, organic food as a result. It has also led to protein inflation.

Protein food inflation contributes a large part to the food inflation in India. It is evident from the rising prices of pulses and animal proteins in the form of eggs, milk and meat. With an improvement standard of living and rising income level, the food habits of people changed. People tend toward taking more protein intensive foods. This shift in dietary pattern, along with rising population results in an overwhelming demand for protein rich food, which the supply side could not meet. Thus resulting in a demand supply mismatch thereby, causing inflation.

In India, the Green Revolution and other technological advancements have primarily focused on enhancing cereals productivity and pulses and oilseeds have traditionally been neglected.

Shrinking Agricultural Sector: Agriculture now contributes only about 15% to GDP. The international norms imposed by WTO and other multilateral organizations have reduced government support for agriculture. Greater integration of global commodities markets leads to constant fluctuation in prices.

• This has increased the vulnerability of Indian farmers. Farmers are also increasingly dependent on seeds and fertilisers sold by the MNCs.

Globalization does not have any positive impact on agriculture. On the contrary, it has few detrimental effects as the government is always willing to import food grains, sugar etc. Whenever there is a price increase of these commodities.

• Government never thinks to pay more to farmers so that they produce more food grains but resorts to imports. On the other hand, subsidies are declining so the cost of production is increasing. Even farms producing fertilizers have to suffer due to imports. There are also threats like introduction of GM crops, herbicide resistant crops etc.

Increasing Health-Care costs: Greater interconnections of the world have also led to the increasing susceptibility to diseases. Whether it is the bird-flu virus or Ebola, the diseases have taken a global turn, spreading far and wide. This results in greater investment in the healthcare system to fight such diseases.

Child Labor: Despite prohibition of child labors by the Indian constitution, over 60 to a 115 million children in India work. While most rural child workers are agricultural laborer’s, urban children work in manufacturing, processing, servicing and repairs. Globalization most directly exploits an estimated 300,000 Indian children who work in India’s hand-knotted carpet industry, which exports over $300 million worth of goods a year. The many effects of globalization of Indian society and has immense multiple aspects on Indian trade, finance, and cultural system. Globalization is associated with rapid changes and significant human societies. The movement of people from rural to urban areas has accelerated, and the growth of cities in the developing world especially is linked to substandard living for many.

Sources: https://www.clearias.com/effects-globalization-indian-society/

Shark Tank: India

A one of a kind business reality TV series that has got India hooked is Shark Tank, India. Shark Tank is a series were aspiring entrepreneurs pitch in their business models to a panel of investors whom they refer to as Sharks, and persuade them to invest in their ideas. Shark tanks provides budding entrepreneurs the opportunity to secure the deals that would make them successful businesses.

This reality show is the Indian franchise of the American business reality show of the same name, which first aired in 2009. The Indian version is broadcasted on Sony Entertainment Television (SET), and is available online on its respected OTT platform and YouTube.

About the Sharks

The Indian version has seven panellist on board. All the panellists are giants in their respective area of business and hence, Sharks. The list includes:

  • Ashneer Grover- founder and Co-founder of BharatPe
  • Anupam Mittal- founder and CEO of People Group Shaddi.com
  • Aman Gupta- Co-founder and CMO of boat
  • Vineeta Singh- Co-founder and CEO of Sugar Cosmetics
  • Namita Thapar- Executive Director of Emcure Pharmaceuticals
  • Ghazal Alagh- Co-founder and CIO of Mama Earth
  • Peyush Bansal-  Founder and CEO of Lenskart

All the Sharks brought on the table their area of expertise to help the entrepreneurs with their venture along with investment for a reasonable percentage of equity.

The investments

The show helped 67 start-ups bag funding for their venture which is estimated to be at 41.98 crores in total. The highest investments were made for 1 crore to 10 start-ups. The start-ups that bagged the investment were genuine problem solvers whose product or service could help the nation along with generating enough revenue and profit.

The investments ranged from ice popsicles, sugar free ice creams, Ed tech apps, textiles, braille literacy device, canned cocktail, lounge wears, and more. The Sharks invested in a wide variety of start ups in exchange for reasonable, and sometimes negotiable equity.

However, there were instances were participants had to head back with no investment, nevertheless the participants received constructive criticism from the Sharks for their start up, and to further establish it.

Success of the Show

The show has been a massive success and there are possible rumours of a second season. The show has 9 point rating on IMDB, and a substantially good TRP ratings. The show first aired from 21st December 2021, and has 35 episodes.

There were 50,000 plus applicants out of which 198 candidates for selected for the show. And after the massive success of the first season, the application number is only expected to increase in the possible next season.

The presence and popularity of the show was also felt on social media, as feeds  and homepages were flooded with relevant and funny memes made from Shark Tank India. This is one of the reason the show gained a massive audience, and helped connect with the youth on a closer level and inspired more entrepreneurs to follow their entrepreneurial venture.

                     Shark Thank India not only entertained but also provided crucial business advice to entrepreneurs both on the show and the ones outside who just started with their entrepreneurial journey. Such reality shows truly justify entertainment with a purpose.

How to use Groww? Create Demat account in Groww App

Groww is an investing platform for investors. Groww provides many options to invest in. You can invest in stocks, mutual funds, gold bonds, and IPOs. Groww is available on android devices, ios devices, and also available as a web application.

Groww is owned by Nextbillion Technology, headquarters at Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Groww app provides all charts and analysis at your fingertips.

Download link :

Android – Google Play Store

iOS – App Store

Web App Link: Groww Web App

Features provided by Groww App:

  • User-friendly interface for beginners
  • Zero account opening charge
  • Free Demat account opening and zero AMC charges
  • 0% commission on direct funds
  • Deposit money using UPI
  • Groww is safe and secure with more than 20 million trusted users in India

Create Demat account in Groww App:

  1. After downloading Groww app you have to login using either google account or any other email id and you will receive an OTP for email verification.
  2. In the next step you will enter your mobile number and for verification you need to enter the OTP received on entered mobile number.
  3. Next, enter your PAN number and date of birth
  4. Then you need to choose your occupation, salary and trading experience from the options shown
  5. Enter your mother and father’s name.
  6. Now you need to enter your bank account number and IFSC code. Groww will credit Rs.1 to your bank account to verify your account.
  7. After successful bank verification, you have to take selfie and upload in Groww and then you need to give signature.
  8. Then using Aadhaar eSign, you need to verify aadhaar using OTP verification on your mobile number linked with aadhaar.
  9. You have completed the account creation process. Groww will take maximum 2 days to verify your documents and you will get notified after successful verification.

After verification, you can start investing in different investment options.

Groww is a SEBI registered advisor under the name of Finvantage Investment Adviser Private Limited based out of Bangalore. Their registration number is INA20008981.