Tag: #sideeffects

Maintain your limits!

Every child is taught to eat healthy food including vegetables and fruits. Adding vegetables to your diet will help to stay healthy and disease-free. Intake of some vegetables can be more useful in treating health issues rather than consuming medicines. Vegetables are low in fats and calories and can also reduce the risk of heart problems, cancer, digestive problems, etc. They also provide the essential requirements of our body such as vitamins, potassium, fiber, etc.
But we are also taught that everything has a limit. Consuming something more than its need will always cause serious problems in life. Likewise, consumption of some vegetables daily may also react negatively and lead to health problems.
One should always know the limits before consuming any vegetable on daily basis.

Here are some vegetables and it’s negative effects

Spinach

Spinach is filled with vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin K, iron, and even calcium. But on the other hand, spinach can cause bloating, gas, and even stomach cramps if consumed excessively. A limited amount of spinach should be consumed daily.

Carrots

Carrots are the best source of keeping blood sugar levels under control and can lower the risk of diabetes. But eating too much carrot on daily basis can cause carotenemia which can discolor the skin.

Cauliflower

Cauliflower is extremely gassy and can cause bloating. These conditions occur when it is eaten in excess. A moderate amount of cauliflower can provide antioxidants and can help you prevent cancer.

Potatoes

Potatoes are a good source of fiber and can also prevent heart diseases and strokes. But consuming damaged potatoes, green potatoes and sprouts can cause headaches, gas, stomach cramps, diarrhea, restlessness, this occurs because these potatoes contain poisonous chemicals which cannot be destroyed.

Okra

Eating okra daily can worsen kidney stones and gall bladder stones. Eating too much okra can cause bowel problems too.

Always research before eating any vegetable on daily basis.

Ingredients and Benefits of Alpha Femme Keto Genix

Ingredients of Alpha Femme Keto Genix Canada
Ingredients play a key role in determining the quality of the product. The ingredients in this formulation are completely safe, causing no harmful effects to the body. Natural and herbal ingredients guarantee a safe way of losing weight. The ingredients in this supplement are-

  1. Beta hydroxyl butyrate- it is responsible for starting the process of ketosis in the body. It plays a major role in the entire process of ketosis as it cuts away fat quickly and effectively. It keeps you active and energetic throughout the day.
  2. Bioperine- it plays a key role in assuring no more deposition of fat in the body. Often removal of existing fat brings new fat. Bioperine takes care of this problem. It makes your weight loss a permanent process.
  3. Moringa extracts- it is grown across the United States. It is completely organic in nature and possesses unique fat burning abilities. It naturally reduces fat content.
  4. Turmeric extracts- these extracts are famous for their anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. It protects you against any problem while you’re on ketosis.
  5. Lecithin- it plays a role in cleansing your digestive tract of all toxins. This automatically leads to a boosted metabolism. A boosted metabolism leads to a faster and more effective weight loss in a natural way.
  6. Garcinia Cambogia- it is a fruit extract which is rich in hydroxycitric acid. Hydroxycitric acid works towards cutting of fat cells. Moreover, it suppresses appetite and boosts metabolic rate of the body. All of these lead to an effective weight loss.
  7. Green tea extract- it detoxifies the body. A faster detoxification occurs when the metabolism is fast. When the metabolism is fast, fat cells burn faster. It also maintains good amount of energy for the body to work. It is the most sensitive ingredient.
  8. Lemon extract- lemons are full of citric acid which plays a role in faster detoxification of the body. A faster detoxification means effective weight loss.
  9. Silicon dioxide- it prolongs and maintains the ketosis process. Because of this ingredient, ketosis goes on longer than other supplements.
  10. Raspberry ketone- it aids weight loss by creating more number of ketones in the body. A good measure of ketones in the body adds to its capacity of burning fat.

Benefits
• Cutting of stubborn fat.
• Provides high endurance throughout the day.
• Boosts the metabolism of the body.
• Suppresses food cravings.
• Induces ketosis in the body.
• Stops production of citrate lyase enzyme.
• Tones your body.
• Eliminates toxins from the body.

Pros
• 100% organic pill.
• Permanent weight loss.
• Effective fat melting.
• Suitable for both males and females.

Cons
• Not fit for use by pregnant women.
• Avoid consumption of alcohol during use of this supplement.
• No results if you skip dosage.

Does Alpha Femme Keto Genix Canada have any side effects?
No. This supplement doesn’t have any side effects as it contains only natural and herbal ingredients. It has proven to be a boon for obese people.
Where to buy Alpha Keto Genix?
You can buy these pills easily from its original website. Register yourself first, make an easy and safe online payment and boom! You will have this excellent product at your doorstep.

How to use Alpha Keto Genix Canada?
This product comes in a package of 60 capsules. You should consume 2 capsules daily without any skip. Ensure a time gap of 12 hours between both the doses. Do not skip any dose and see the results in 30 days.

MECHANISM OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANTIBIOTICS

Antibacterial Drugs are classified according to their site of action which are as follows :

CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
There are 3 different mechanisms by which anti-cell wall drugs work and thus they are also classified as following:

  1. First classification involves the drugs that directly interact with Penicillin-Binding-Proteins (PBPs) and inhibit the transpeptidase activity which in turn inhibits the attachment of newly formed peptidoglycan subunit to the pre-existing one.
    This is the main mechanism of β-lactam antibiotics. These antibiotics include Penicillin (penams), cephalosporins, Penems, Carbapenems, and monobactams.
    These antibiotics bind to the penicillin-binding proteins which are enzymes present in the bacterial cell wall. Different β-lactam antibiotics bind in a different way. After the antibiotics bind to the enzyme, it changes the morphological response of the bacteria to the antibiotic.
  2. Second classification involves the drugs that bind to the peptidoglycan subunit, blocking different processes.
    The important class of compounds called as glycopeptides are mainly involved in this mechanism of anti-cell wall antibiotics.
    Vancomycin and Teicoplanin are the major examples of glycopeptide antibiotics.
    Vancomycin kills only gram-poitive bacteria whereas Teicoplanin is active against both. The overall mode of action of glycopeptides antibiotics is blocking transpeptidation i.e. similar to β-lactam antibiotics, they also inhibit the transpeptidase activity, and transglycosylation i.e. they being large in size attach to the peptidoglycan subunits thus creating a blockage which does not allow the cell wall subunits to attach to the growing peptidoglycan backbone.
  3. Third classification involves the drugs that block the transport of peptidoglycan subunits across cytoplasmic membrane.
    The main example of such type of drugs is bacitracin, which is a simple peptide antibiotic originally isolated from Bacillus subtilis.
    The mode of action of these class of drugs is blocking the activity of specific cell membrane lipid carriers which act as the attachment surface for peptidoglycan precursors and help in their movement from cell cytoplasm to exterior of the cell. This activity of lipid carriers is inhibited by bacitracin like drugs and they finally prevent the incoroporation of those precursors into cell wall thus inhibiting its biosynthesis.

Although, its route of administration is mostly oral or intramuscular, bacitracin is also known to show its effects when used as topical ointments like Neosporin.

INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Protein Inhibitors can be divided into 2 parts:

  1. Inhibitors binding to 30S subunits
    • Aminoglycosides bind to the bacterial ribosome, after which they cause tRNA mismatching and thus protein mistranslation.
    This occurs by mismatching between codons and anticodons, which synthesize proteins with incorrect amino acid. This mistranslated protein, along with correctly translated proteins move into move into the periplasm where most of the mistranslated proteins are degraded and some of them are inserted into cytoplasmic membrane. This causes disruption of the membrane, ultimately killing the bacterial cells.
    • Tetracyclines are bacteriostatic and block the binding of tRNAs with the ribosome during translation thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Most of the tetracycline class of drugs are broad spectrum and are active against wide range of bacteria.
  2. Inhibitors binding to the 50S subunit
    • Macrolides are the large class of naturally produced secondary antibiotics. They are basically broad spectrum, bacteriostatic antibiotics. Their main mode of action is blocking peptide chain elongation and they inhibit the formation of peptide bond.
    Patients allergic to penicillins are recommended erythromycin which is a macrolide.
    • Lincosamides include lincomycin and clindamycin. Though they are structurally different but functionally similar to macrolides. They are specifically known to inhibit streptococcal and staphylococcal infections.
    • Chloramphenicol also inhibits peptidyl transferase reaction inhibiting peptide bond formation. It was the first broad spectrum antibiotic and is very much active against a broad range of bacterial pathogens but is very toxic and can cause side.

INHIBITORS OF MEMBRANE FUNCTION
Biological cytoplasmic membranes are basically composed of lipids, proteins and lipoproteins. The cytoplasmic membrane acts as a selective barrier which allows the transport of materials between inside the cell and the environment.
A number of antibacterial agents work by targeting the bacterial cell membrane. They basically are involved in the disorganization of the membrane. Polymyxins and Lipopeptides are the main anti- cell membrane agents.

NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
These drugs inhibit nucleic acid synthesis function by either of the following:

  1. Interfere with RNA of bacterial cell
    Antibacterial drugs of this mechanism are selective against bacterial pathogenic cells.
    For example: The drug rifampin, belonging to the drug class rifamycin blocks the bacterial RNA polymerase activity. It is also active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and thus id used in the treatment of tuberculosis infection. It also shows side effects.
  2. Interfere with DNA of bacterial cell
    There are some antibacterial agents that interfere with the activity of DNA gyrase.
    The drug class fluoroquinolones show this mechanism. They are borad spectrum antibacterial agents. Some examples of drugs in fluoroquinolone family are Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, etc

INHIBITORS OF METABOLIC PATHWAYS
There are some antibacterial drugs which act as ANTIMETABOLITES and inhibits the metabolic pathways of bacteria.
• The sulfonamides block the production of dihydrofolic acid.
This blocks the production of purines and pyrimidines required for nucleic acid synthesis by blocking the biosynthesis of folic acid. Their mechanism of action is bacteriostatic and they are broad spectrum antibacterial agents. Though humans also obtain folic acid but these drugs are selective against bacteria.
Sulfones are also structurally and functionally similar to sulfonamides.
• Trimethoprim is used in the same folic acid synthesis pathway but at a different phase, in the production of tetrahydrofolic acid.
• There is another drug, Isoniazid which is an antimetabolite only selective against mycobacteria. It can also be used to treat tuberculosis when used in combination with rifampin and streptomycin.

INHIBITORS OF ATP SYNTHASE
There is a class of drug compounds called as Diarylquinolones that are specifically active against mycobacterial growth. They block the oxidative phosphorylation process and finally leading to reduced ATP production which either kill or inhibit the growth of mycobacterial species.

HOW TO CHOOSE MOST APPROPRIATE ANTIBACTERIAL CHEMOTHERAPY?

Choosing an antibacterial drug therapy can depend on various factors which are mentioned below:

BACTERIOSTATIC V/S BACTERICIDAL
Antibacterial chemotherapeutic agents can be categorized as bacteriostatic and bactericidal on the basis of their interaction with the targeted bacterial pathogens.
Bacteriostatic drugs work by inhibiting the growth of specific bacteria. Static drugs work by reversibly inhibiting the growth i.e. if the agent (drug) is removed or if its effect if over, the microorganism will get recovered and will grow again causing the same infection again.
Bactericidal drugs work by directly killing the target bacteria from the location. Cidal drugs may act as static drugs at low concenteration.

Use of any drug also depends on the immune system of the host because static drug does not completely eliminate the target bacteria. For patients with strong immune system, either static or cidal drugs can be used for curing infection while in case of immunocompromised individual, only cidal drugs are essentially required for complete removal of the bacterial infections.

SPECTRUM OF ACTIVITY
On the basis of their range or spectrum of activity, the chemotherapeutic agents can be broadly categorized into 5 different categories:

  1. Narrow spectrum antibiotics are only active against less no. of microorganisms. They target only a specific strains of bacterial pathogens, especially gram positive bacteria.
  2. Moderate spectrum antibiotics target most of the gram positive bacterial pathogens as well as most systemic, enteric and urinary tract gram negative bacterial pathogens.
  3. Narrow and moderate spectrum antibiotics are known to cover all the β-lactam antibiotics which can effectively work against gram positive and negative bacteria. Some members of this classification are only effective against gram negative while others can also kill gram positive bacteria.
  4. Broad spectrum antibiotics, as the name suggests targets a broad range of bacterial pathogens which includes almost all the prokaryotic organisms except mycobacteria and pseudomonas. They are also effective against polymicrobic infections (mixed infections caused by multiple bacterial species). It is used when other spectrum antibiotics fail to treat infections due to drug resistance. There is a risk of superinfection while using broad spectrum antibiotics.
  5. Anti-mycobacterial antibiotics are only effective against mycobacterial strains of pathogenic bacteria.

DOSAGE AND ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
• Dosage –
The minimum or maximum amount of drug that a patient is given is the dosage of the drug. The dosage of the particular drug needs to be determined carefully to ensure that the optimum level of that particular drug is achieved at the site of infection for the elimination of the infection without causing any toxic side effects. Therefore, the selection and standardization of dosage of a particular drug is done so that it has the minimum side effect.
• Route of administration –
It can be defined as the method by which a drug is introduced in the patient’s body. There are different ways of administration of a drug. The most preferred drugs are the one that can be administered orally because it is easier for the patients to take them even at their home without visiting the health care professionals again and again. However, it is observed that not all drugs can be absorbed from the gastro intestinal tract. E.g. Bacitracin, Polymyxin and many antifungals. These drugs may be available to the patients in the form of topical preparations so that they can be applied for the treatment of superficial skin infections.
The another condition arises when a patient is unable to take oral drug initially due to some illness like vomiting. In that condition, the drug is preferably administered through parenteral route i.e. intramuscular or intravenous injections. In general, for most of the drugs, the drug levels in plasma introduced via intravenous is higher than that of oral or intramuscular route.

POTENTIAL FOR SIDE EFFECTS
The adverse effects which are seen in the patient’s body after administration of any drug can be classified into 3 main types:

  1. PHARMACOLOGICAL SIDE EFFECTS
    These are the toxic side effects which the drug shows by damaging the infected or even healthy cells by the production of some toxic chemicals on cell surface or their interior.
  2. ALLERGIC SIDE EFFECTS
    Some drugs show the allergic reactions in the patient’s body which is due to the antigen-antibody reaction which in turn effects other cells and show some allergy.
  3. BIOLOGICAL TYPE SIDE EFFECTS
    This type of side effect is worst and it involves interference of the drug with the normal microflora of the body which is followed by either local chemical damage or superinfection.

POTENTIAL INTERACTION BETWEEN DRUGS
Most of the time, antibiotics are administered in the patient’s body as a single agent but many time it becomes necessary to take two or more drugs at a time. So, different drugs administered at a single time show some interaction among them.
The interaction may be positive or negative.
Sometimes, a synergistic or positive interaction is shown by two antibiotics when they are administered together. Some drugs show bactiostatic effect when used as a single agent but are able to show bactericidal effect when combined with other antibiotic.
On the other hand, some drugs when used together show negative effect or antagonistic effect. Antagonism can occur between two antimicrobial or between one antimicrobial and one non-antimicrobial. The antagonistic interactions thus cause toxic side effects, loss of drug activity, decreased effect of drug at the site of infection. For e.g. Penicillin and bacteriostatic drugs are antagonists of each other.