Green House Gases

Greenhouse gas, any gas that has a radiation property from the face of Earth to absorb infrarot radiation, thereby leading to a greenhouse effect. Earth’s surface. The most powerful greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide , methane and water vapour. The energy balance of the earth system is greatly influenced by greenhouse gases, although it makes up just a fraction of all atmospheric gases. Greenhouse gas concentrations have changed dramatically over the history of the earth, causing tremendous climate change across a wide range of timescales.  In general, greenhouse gas concentrations during warm and cold cycles were especially high.

Many processes affect the production of greenhouse gases. Others work in millions of years, like tectonic movements while others work on hundreds to thousands of years, such as vegetations, rocks, wetlands and ocean sources and sinks. Human activities, particularly the combustion of fossil fuels, as Industrial Revolution has steadily increased atmospheric concentrated gases, including carbon dioxide , methane, ozone and chlorofluorocarbons.

The effects of a greenhouse gas on the atmosphere of the Earth depend on its chemical composition and relative atmospheric concentration. Some gases are able or present in large amounts to absorb infraround radiation, while others have slightly lower absorption ability or are formed in trace quantities only. Radiative forcing is a measure of the effect of a given greenhouse gas or other climatic factor in the amount of radiant energy affecting the earth surface, as specified by the Intergovernmental Committee on Climate Change.

Water vapour is the Earth’s most strong greenhouse gas, but the behaviour of it varies significantly from that of the other greenhouse gases. The primary function of water vapour is not as a direct radiative forcing force, but rather as an input from the environment that affects the continued activities of the system. This is due to the fact that the volume of water vapour in the atmosphere can not be changed by human behaviour in general, but is dictated by the air temperature. The colder the temperature, the more water from the atmosphere is evaporated. In the lower atmosphere, increased evaporation results in higher water vapour concentrations capable of absorbing infrarouge radiation and returning it to the soil.

The most powerful greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide. Natural ambient carbon dioxide sources include volcanic emissions, combustion and natural decay, and aerobic breathing. Via physical, chemical , or biological processes known as “sinks,” these sources are, on average, regulated and appear to eliminate the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The terrestrial vegetation, which uses carbon dioxide in photosynthesis, contains essential natural sinks.

Several oceanic processes are also used as carbon sinks. One of these is the “solubility” pump, whereby water containing dissolved carbon dioxide falls down from its top. The biological pump requires the use of marine plants and plantoplankton that live in the upper ocean or by other aquatic organisms that use carbon dioxide to create calcium carbonate skeletons or other structure.

Humans’ behaviours, by comparison, mainly raise the atmospheric CO2 levels through carbon combustion and cement processing. Other anthropological sources include forest burning and land clearing. The global emissions of about 7 gigatons of carbon into the atmosphere are actually attributed to anthropogenic emissions. Anthropogenic emissions constitute roughly three per cent of the total natural source emissions of carbon dioxide and the increased human carbon burden much exceeds the natural sink’s offset capacity.

E-Books:Why Is It A Thing Of Near Future

It has been emphasized time and again how reading books, fictional or factual is a rewarding hobby. With a diverse development of the personality, it also lets an individual explore physical and mental spaces that one might not be able to access in normal life. Let’s not even start with the ‘vocabulary development’ incentive. All and all, reading books are important. Agreed.

Also, it is not wrong to say that we are living through a technological revolution period. One of the most life changing products of this revolution is … take a guess? Of course, it’s the Internet. New job opportunities are created due to the presence of it. Food, fashion and fun is easier to conjure up than ever. And for the bibliophiles,  it is a blessing like no other! E-books are the new trend and rewarding one too…

Screen revolution

E-books are changing the reading scenes. And why not, for they have loads of pros in a multidimensional aspect. Some of the most obvious advantages are:

  • Easy to carry around: Tons and tons of books, sometimes a whole library, can be transported all around the globe in our personal devices. 
  • Accessible to a new extent: Different genres can be shuffled and checked out at a swipe. Also, not able to find a book in the stores? Shopping sites and the whole Internet will come to the rescue. Just one should know where to look for, simultaneously being safe. 
  • Saving the environment: The hardcover and paperback books, though have their own ‘feel’ and sentiments, are actually damaging the planet. And in more than one way. From cutting down virgin trees to chemical treatment done in complete production of the books, the damages done are far and many. That is totally avoided in the case of e-books
  • New innings for the new players: New author and worried where to try pitching your book? Then, e-book platforms are there to save the day. And the lucrative add-ons are a win-win. That includes more royalty, easy distribution, more varied audience to reach, lighting fast transportation and so on. 
  • Free stuff: Who doesn’t like that? Psst… It might not always be the best option, morally or legally though. But still, diving to the depths of the Internet might land anyone a copy of their must-read list at absolutely no cost! 
  • Cheaper than ever: Also, if the purchase is being made on any reading platform, there is a hundred and one percent chance that the book will be much cheaper than the hard bound copies. 
  • Nothing can stop you: Darkness doesn’t matter anymore. The screens have enough light to shine and lighten up the words on their own. 
  • No font is a small font: Do the words feel like ants and you have to read with scrunched eyebrows? That ain’t an issue with e-books, where zoom in and zoom out gives the optimum reading experience. 
  • Indestructible: Your favourite book will never be worn down, even if it is read a thousand times. And iterating it again, easy to transport with worrying about any worry of substantial damage. 

Too good to be?

All of this sounds so awesome, right? But every good thing comes at a price. So do e-books. 

  • Optic fatigue and chronic side effects: Prolonged exposure leads to screen light to the whole optic system getting tired. Also, long term exposure has other more severe effects, which is partially indicated by certain studies. 
  • Distribution in sleep cycle: Many people have their free time before going to bed. So, if reading books is their go to thing to do, then reading an e-book may not be the best thing they are doing before going to sleep. It is observed that screen light can tamper with one’s ability to fall asleep. Also, melatonin production might get affected due to this favourite pastime.
  • No sentimental attachment: Let’s be real with this. No e-book can imitate the feel of holding a brand new copy (a plus point if signed by the author) or can never compete with the smell of an old copy.

It is safe to say that the utility of e-books is up for debate for a long time to come. But whatever, as long as everyone gets to read, the world will be a happy space.

Vanchinathan-Proud freedom fighter

Vanchinathan was born in 1886 in Sengottai to Raghupathy Iyer and Rukmani Ammal. His actual name was Shankaran. He did his schooling in Sengottai. He married Ponnammal and got into a lucrative government job.

On 17 June 1911, Vanchi who was just 25, assassinated Robert Ashe, the district collector of Tirunelveli, who was also known as Collector Dorai. He shot Ashe at point-blank range when Ashe’s train had stopped at the Maniyachi Station, en route to Madras. He committed suicide thereafter. The railway station has since been renamed Vanchi Maniyachi.

The mastermind behind the assassination was Nilakanta Brahmachari who went around the Madras presidency in 1910 recruiting cadres and hatching plots against the British. In this venture, he was accompanied by Shankar Krishna Iyer, Vanchinathan’s brother-in-law, who introduced the men to each other. Along with a few other men, Nilakanta Bramhachari, Vaanchinathan, and Shankar Krishna Aiyar found an organisation called Bharatha Matha Sangam which plots the assassination of influential British men. On 17 June 1911, Ashe boarded the 9:30 am Maniyachi Mail at Tirunelveli Junction. With him was his wife, Mary Lillian Patterson, who had arrived from Ireland only a few days earlier. They had married on 6 April 1898, in Berhampore; Mary was about a year older than Ashe. They were on their way to Kodaikanal where their four children, Molly, Arthur, Sheila, and Herbert, lived in a rented bungalow. At 10:38 am, the train pulled in at Maniyachi. The Ceylon Boat Mail was due to arrive at 10:48 am. As the Ashes sat facing each other in the first class carriage, waiting for the Boat Mail to arrive, a neatly dressed man with tufted hair and another young man wearing a dhoti approached the carriage. The former boarded the carriage and pulled out a Belgian-made Browning automatic pistol. The bullet hit Ashe in the chest and he collapsed. The sound of the pistol shot was absorbed by the howling wind. 

The reason for the selection of Ashe as the target was his role in the suppression of Swadeshi movement led by V.O. Chidambaram and others in Tirunelveli and Tuticorin. His suppressive action also led to the collapse of the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company. Fourteen persons were charged in the Ashe murder case, which came to be known as the Tirunelveli conspiracy case.

After the shooting, Vanchinathan ran along the platform and took cover in the latrine. Sometime later he was found dead, having shot himself in the mouth. The pistol recovered from him was empty without any bullets as he just planned to kill himself after killing Ashe and had no intention to hurt anyone other than Ashe.In his pocket was found a letter

I dedicate my life as a small contribution to my motherland. I am alone responsible for this.

The mlechas of England having captured our country, tread over the sanathana dharma of the Hindus and destroy them. Every Indian is trying to drive out the English and get swarajyam and restore sanathana dharma. Our Raman, Sivaji, Krishnan, Guru Govindan, Arjuna ruled our land protecting all dharmas, but in this land, they are making arrangements to crown George V, a mlecha, and one who eats the flesh of cows.

Three thousand Madrasees have taken a vow to kill George V as soon as he lands in our country. In order to make others know our intention, I who am the least in the company, have done this deed this day. This is what everyone in Hindustan should consider it as his duty.

I will kill Ashe, whose arrival here is to celebrate the crowning of cow-eater King George V in this glorious land which was once ruled by great samrats. This I do to make them understand the fate of those who cherish the thought of enslaving this sacred land.

I, as the least of them, wish to warn George by killing Ashe.


Vande Mataram. Vande Mataram. Vande Mataram

The railway station Vanchi maniyachi is named after the Tamil freedom fighter Vanchinathan and was the site of assassination of the British Collector, Robert Ashe. Today the station is a significant station in the Madurai railway division of the Southern Railway Zone, one of the six divisions established within the Southern Railway Zone others being Chennai, Tiruchchirappalli, Salem, Palakkad and Thiruvananthapuram.

MORNING WALK IS MUST

Ever wonder what motivates those droves of people who sneak out of their houses at the crack of dawn every day and set off briskly for their morning walk? Well, they are clearly on to a good thing because research shows that while exercise at any time of the day is beneficial; getting your cardio rhythms up and pumping early in the morning offers your mind and body some added benefits. When you wake up in the morning, movement might not be your first priority.

But starting your day with a walk — whether it’s around your neighborhood or part of your commute to work or school — can offer your body a number of health benefits.The best part about incorporating a morning walk into your daily routine is how easily it can be done. There is no expensive fitness center membership to be bought and no major rejigging of your schedule required; all it takes for you to get started on your morning walks is some motivation and a good pair of trainers.

You might argue that walking is walking, regardless of what time of the day you choose to do it; and you wouldn’t be wrong. However, working up a cardio sweat with a morning walk will up your metabolism for the entire day and keep you feeling energized and ready to take on anything. Also, taking the morning walk habit is easy because there are fewer disruptions to distract you from your daily routine. Studies also say that endurance levels are higher in the mornings than evenings so you will be able to push yourself more and burn more calories during a morning walk than at some other time of the day.

Morning walks may seem like a very easy form of exercise when you compare it to gym routines or more intensive forms of working out. However, studies have shown that morning walks are very effective when it comes to burning fat. In fact, low-intensity cardio like walking burns 60 percent of calories from fat. While high-intensity exercises may give you better fat loss results overall, morning walking can help get you back into shape by raising your heart rate and giving you a great cardio workout.

Besides being a great way to get some exercise right at the start of your day, morning walks also make you feel happier and set a positive tone for the rest of the day. There are a number of ways in which morning walk improves your mental well-being. For starters, the brisk exercise releases endorphins — happy hormones that give you a mood boost; the rush of energy revs you up for the rest of the day, and studies have shown that walking briskly  for half an hour to an hour has a significant positive effect on those suffering from depression.

Walking can also help protect your memory and improve your cognitive skills. The rush of oxygen and blood to your brain when you walk makes your brain alert and improves brain function. In fact, as far as brain function is concerned,walking has more significant benefits for people over the age of 60, preventing age-related memory decline and degeneration.

Regular morning walks to improve your overall health parameters and as a result, you may find yourself popping fewer meds than you used to. In fact, experts say that going for regular morning walks may make you live longer by a year. Walking improves blood circulation and oxygen supply in the body and it leads to better immunity.

6 Ways to improve the quality of your life

What is the first thing that cross your mind while thinking about improving the quality of your life? Well, most people would link the increase in one’s income or making more money as the sole solution to improve one’s life. But money alone cannot bring a change in the quality of life you are living. As we all know, money alone cannot buy you happiness. Let us explore some simple ways to live a quality life.
1) Maintain healthy relationships- A healthy relationship plays a vital role in increasing one’s happiness, reducing stress and is crucial for your mental well-being. So, strive to socialise more and build healthy connections with people, as every human being needs a strong support system who can help fight their battles.
2) Discover meaning in your work- the work you choose for yourself plays a major role in forming your identity and shaping self-worth. Working in a job just for the sake of working would have a negative impact on your health.
    Ask yourself― are you happy with your current job? If not, take a step forward and search for some other work opportunities, or if quitting your job appears impossible,even though you find no meaning in it and feel directionless in life, then you can restructure your workday and strive to make your work enjoyable.
3) Make time for leisure- Take a break from your work when needed. I know there are times when it feels like even working for 24hours ain’t adequate and still a lot of work remains undone. But what we often fail to recognize is that making time for leisure not only lowers your stress level and improves your mood, but it additionally enhances your problem-solving skills,as well. Therefore, indulging oneself in pleasurable leisure activities is imperative for one’s mental well-being.
4) Read, learn and grow- just like physical workout routines keep your physique healthy, similarly the habit of reading books keep your mind healthy. As we all know learning is a life-long process and no man or a woman can become all knowing in a lifetime, so the more you read, the more you learn and you grow as a person with time. Devoting atleast an hour every day on reading and trying to feed new knowledge to your brain would assist you improve your life,for the better.
5) Disconnecting from toxic people- just like a healthy relationship is imperative for your psychological well-being similarly toxic relationships are hazardous for your standard well-being. Disconnect yourself from every person who serves no good to you. The more you’ll stay away from negative people , the more you’ll be at peace and attract positivity and joy into your life.
6) Healthy lifestyle- to improve the quality of your life, lastly, you should inculcate certain healthy habits into your daily routine for instance, practising meditation and physical workouts, which are necessary to maintain a healthy body and mind. Apart from it, consuming healthy food is another important habit that should be followed. Choosing a healthier lifestyle would eventually assist in improving the quality of your life and bring in more happiness making you feel content and at peace with yourself.
    The above mentioned points are therefore some of the simple ways following which you can bring positive changes in your life and live a quality life in the end.

Beauty of Kerela

KERALA: The god’s own country is one of the major tourist attraction as well as the best honeymoon destination in India. The land of God, Kerala is believed to be a gift of the Arabian Sea. The pride of Kerala are Gorgeous and Exotic Beaches , Breathtaking hill Stations,Enchanting waterfalls, Beautiful lagoons, Meandering rivers and Amazing natural scenarios. These colors are made Kerala as a land of beauty and paradise on earth. Kerala is also famous for its Ayurvedic treatments, high mountains, gorges and deep-cut valley, lush and evergreen rain forest and coconuts water and oil and foods items. Kerala houseboats are first and best preference of the tourist to enjoy their moments in beautiful lakes of Kerala. The Idukki dam is the first Indian arch dam in Periyar river Kerala and the largest arch dam in Asia. Shopping, museums and markets are also best way to explore Kerala. 

Reasons to visit KERELA

Beaches: Sea, Sand and Sun are the gifts given by the god, which makes Kerala the land of most delightful beaches in the world. Kerala Backwaters offers a series of beaches that are perfect for a relaxing time with your love one. Some of the best beaches in Kerala are Kovalam, Cherai, Varkala, Kappad, Muzhappilangad and Bekal. Watch the sunset along with the blue water beaches of Kerala is the best way to end your day and start a romantic night.

Natural beauty: Kerala the land of beauty is describes as the favourite child of nature, and famous for its breath-taking natural beauty. Major attraction are includes long coconuts tree, the blue mountain and rivers makes Kerala one of the greenest places ever seen. The beautiful milky falls of water splashing through the rocks should not be miss. Other attraction are Vembanad lake India’s longest lake, Sasthamkotta lake.

Hill Stations: There are many hill stations in Kerala which offers the best spectacular views of the nature. Munnar one of best hill destination in kerala and one of the famous hill station in India. The other beautiful hill stations are Ponmudi,Nelliampathi, Ponmudi and Wayanad Hill Station. These hill stations of Western ghats are one of the best place for trekking in India .

Wildlife: The Land of God, Kerala has a rich culture in Flora and Fauna. Kerala is the only state in India where highest number of Indian Elephants are found. The best place for wild animals are Silent Valley,Periyar national park and Tiger Reserve,which is situated high in the ranges of the western ghat.

Cuisines: After the enjoyments, foods are the next thing in mind. Kerala has a rich and unique flavor of foods like sea food , malayali cuisines and banana dishes. Kerala is famous for its spices and its spicy recipes of vegetarian and non vegetation food. Best cuisine of Kerala is Meen curry – Kerala style fish curry made in fried coconut.

Mountains of tea:It’s the plant behind another beverage that gives the area around the hill station town of Munnar, in east Kerala, its famously vibrant shade of green. In this part of the Western Ghats mountain region, the steep hillsides are covered with about 60,000 acres of tea plantations — an industry begun by the British, who established the plantations in the late 19th century.

WHAT IS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE?

Any buisnessman or entrepreneur does not become billionaire by giving discount only the competitive advantage can make you sustain in the competitive era and scale your business. Now what is this competitive advantage from where to get it? Well the competitive advantage is within your business. Competitive advantage is that advantage that your competition cannot posses. For example you get raw materials at very reasonable price and you can sell it at comparatively lower price than your competitors or you have a very good business network or a high brand equity with which your competitors cannot compete.

There is no point in facing competition without having competitive advantage better not to compete otherwise you will be ruined by your competitors. You will not get your Competitive advantage in one day it may be some weeks or months but keep trying to find it because the day when you will get it. That will be a turning point in your business. There can n numbers of competitive advantage for your. You should have an analytical approach to your business even if you are a shopkeeper or any small scale businessman and if you are medium or high level businesbusinessman it is must for you.

How to find your competitive advantage? There can be any way but I would recommend going with a proper model like VRIO. V-Valuable R-RARE I-inimitable Organised. Ask these 4 questionsyourself to your business or to your startup idea. First thing is value , are you providing high amount of value for which you are charging for? Neither undersell nor oversell. Fix your price according to the value you give. If your product is in demand and you are charging reasonable then people will buy it definitely.

Second thing is rare if you are selling an easily provided goods or services and you are just like others that will not be your competitive advantage either be the number one or the only one. Third thing is Inimitable your competitive advantage should not be copied by your competitors, better issue patents and licensed techniques for claiming copyright. The fourth is Organisation. If your organisation is not good you will not be able to execute activities with smoothness your organisation can be your biggest competitive advantage whether it be your market network or your clients base or any other aspect your organisation is the skeletal system of your business. It stands on the organisation

My Experience with Yoga

Yoga, the technique of relaxing your mind and body, originated in India. It is often defined as the union of the Atma (soul) with the Parmatma (the Divine). Yoga and its related branches have a deep connection with India due to their history. Its first mention is in the Rig Veda, a compilation of mantras and hymns considered sacred in Hinduism, and was popularised, for the first time, by Swami Vivekananda. Some of the most well-known yoga practitioners (called yogis) are Paramhansa Yogananda, Swami Sivananda, Ramdev, Tirumalai Krishnamacharya and K Pattabhi Jois among others. 

Yoga was introduced to me in the most usual way, by my grandparents. Even though I was so young that I could not grasp the concept of yoga, my Nana used to tell me that I should wake up before sunrise and practice Surya Namaskar on a daily basis. Needless to say, I slept till 10 in the morning and completely ignored their wishes, not realising that it would be beneficial for me in the long run. 

Later, my school made it compulsory to attend Yoga classes every week. My friends and I would choose the last of seats so that we could relax in our own way, without yoga. There were times when we would follow our teacher’s orders and practise different asanas and breathing exercises but we never put real efforts into it. 

In 11th, two new subjects were introduced in my curriculum- Psychology and Physical Education. As Psychology was and still is my favourite subject, I never missed a single class or skipped a word in the book. On the other hand, I was a little less enthusiastic about studying Physical Education. But in these books, I found the true meaning of yoga. Physical Education taught me easy and effective asanas and postures which could be used to help people with asthma, diabetes, hypertension, back pain, et cetera. I learned about its history, how the word ‘yoga’ has a different meaning for different people, it’s multiple benefits and our responsibility to keep it alive and pass this knowledge to the next generations. 

It was Psychology that gave me the best insight into the usefulness of yoga. While reading about many therapies such as Humanistic therapy, Behaviour therapy, Cognitive therapy, et cetera, which were introduced by great minds to help people who have psychological problems, I also read about yoga’s role in this purpose. According to the study and research conducted at the University of Pennsylvania, Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) has been found to help people who have depression or anxiety. It is astonishing to know the impact of simple breathing exercises on our minds. Yogic exercises have been organised by many governments for army officers as well, to help them get over any trauma they’ve faced and to make them mentally stronger as well as focused. 

If practised correctly and regularly, yoga can improve our self-esteem, calm our minds, make us self-aware, increase our lifespan, keep our bodies fit and healthy, among many other benefits. 

Amid this pandemic, I believe that meditation can help all of us to improve our mental health as it has been severely affected. 

I would advise closing your eyes while assuming a sitting position and focusing on your breathing, before and after sleeping. 10 minutes of this exercise can greatly help our minds. 

Bermuda triangle and other mysteries

Bermuda triangle

The Bermuda triangle is a region of the Atlantic Ocean between Bermuda and Florida, where ships and planes have mysteriously disappeared. Vincent Gaddis, who wrote about the disappearance named the region: ‘the deadly Bermuda triangle’.

The legend of the Bermuda triangle was uncovered when E.V.W. Jones, a reporter penned an article on a strange occurrence he had stumbled across. It seemed that an unusual number of planes and ships had been disappearing in the ocean between Florida and Bermuda. Over the years more than 200 separate mysterious disappearances have been attributed to the Bermuda triangle. No trace was ever found of the crafts or their passengers. The disappearance of Flight 19, ranks at the very top of Bermuda triangle lore. In 1945, five Navy planes vanished while on a routine training mission over the Atlantic. The media really went over board putting forward theories as to what might have happened at Bermuda triangle. The theories range from attacks by sea monsters to freak killer waves and kidnappings by aliens. However, later studies reveal that most of the incidents have been inaccurately reported and many agencies have declared the number and nature of disappearances in the region is similar to any other area of the sea.

Islands that vanished mysteriously

Have you heard of the Aurora islands? Even if you have, you are unlikely to ever see them, for they have vanished from the face of the Earth! The story begins in the 18th century when the captain if the ship sailing in the South Atlantic waters saw three small islands called the Aurora Islands after the name of the first ship. They soon became a common landmarks for the Spanish ships that routinely went to south America and then suddenly, the islands disappeared!

Since most islands are produced through volcanic activity, they can appear and disappear just as quickly over time and leave no trace for sea explorers to find. This maybe the explanation why another phantom island, Isla Grande, which lay just to the North of Aurora islands, has now vanished too. However, this explanation does not hold good for the disappearance of islands called Davis’ Land. There is even an island named the Isle of Brasil, which keeps appearing off and on near the coast of Ireland.

Uniqueness of Stonehenge

On the misty green plains of Salisbury, in southern England, stands one of the most mystical of the megaliths- Stonehenge. The beauty of these stones take one’s breath away. The 3.96 meters high stones are unique in that unlike the other megaliths, each stone has been artificially shaped into a curve. As a result, when they were assembled, they formed the outer line of a circle, when seen from above. At the same time, each stone has a slight bulge, so that when seen from below, they appeared to be in a straight line! Amazing isn’t it?

The astonishing scale and beauty of the stones, the great care and labour in construction and the mystery that surrounds their original purpose are just some of the reasons why Stonehenge is one of the most popular sights in England. Stonehenge is a magical experience indeed.

Thank you for reading. Have a nice day!

Dedication

India has great mythologies. Today’s every question has an answer in our myths, every confusion has a way in our myths. Today’s world is probably called a digital world and so every thing we desire to do happens so fast and due to this sometimes we lose our patience and might quit doing our desired thing. Let us go through a small story from our myths and recall, realize how ones dedication must be.

Once there was a great king called Vishwamitra. One day Vishwamitra along with his army was going through a forest for expedition. On his way he found a peaceful and beautiful region and was wonderstrucked by the region. He also found a hermitage at a little distance. When enquired he found that a great sage, Vasishta was living in that hermitage. Vasishta welcomed King Vishwamithra into the hermitage with all respect and started conversation. In the middle of the conversation, Vasishta came to know that the King was there with his large army. Anyhow, he insisted king to take their dinner there. Vishwamitra was again wonderstucked that how could a a poor sage serve him and his large army. However, an excellent was arranged to all of them. When Vishwamitra asked Vasishta, he said that was all because of Nandini, a cow gifted by her mother KamaDhenu. Vishwamitra was so attracted by the Cow and asked Vasishta to give that to him. But, Vasishta said that he had no power to give it to him as that was a gift for him by her mother. King Vishwamitra disliked Vasishta’s reply and asked his soldiers to bind Nandini.

Nandini was bind with ropes by the soldiers. But, it ran away like a wind towards Vasishta seeking for help. Nandini created a large army to fight against Vishwamitra, as a result Vishwamitra bought his 1000 sons to fight against Nandini, but all of them was destroyed by the fire created by the sage Vasishta. Vishwamitra was surprised by the powers of Vasishta and thereby decided to start a penance from that moment to attain such powers. So, Vishwamitra went to Himalayas and started doing penance for Lord Shiva. After many years, Lord Shiva came in front of Vishwamitra and agreed to give him a boon. Vishwamitra was given a boon of secret of all arrows, archeries that Yakshas, Gandharvas and Maharshis have. With this confidence he went to sage Vasishta again and started a fight with him with his arrows. Vasishta without any hardwork had kept his Yoga-Dhanda in front of him and it started swallowing all the arrows. Vishwamitra was shocked that all the arrows and weapons those he had obtained as a result of the penance for years were became useless and again defeated by sage Vasishta. But this defeat didn’t discourage vishwamitra. He realised that the power of arms was useless and decided to become a Brahmarishi. He didn’t decided to quit his decision of defeating Vasishta. He decided to perform penance once more to increase his powers.

This time, he went to a remote forest and started doing penance for Lord Brahma, the creator. Vishwamitra has continued his penance. Hundreds of years passed but Lord Brahma had nor appeared before him. Vishwamitra didn’t give up his penance. After a thousand years, Brahma was impressed and appeared before him and said that he had then became a Rajarishi. But, Vishwamitra said that his goal was to become a Brahmarishi and continued his penance once more. Meanwhile, Trishanku was a king and was a student of Vasishta, asked said Vasishta that he wanted to go to heaven. But, Vasishta said that was impossible. Trishanku then came to Vishwamitra and said the same thing. To win against Vasishta, Vishwamitra created a new heaven for Trishanku in southern sky and convinced other gods and Brahma by saying to not let his promise become false. He then won against all gods and Brahma. But later he realised that he consumed all his powers he gained by his penance of thousands of years to create a new heaven.

Now he has to start again beginning and did penance for one more thousand years. This time, Brahma appeared before him and said that he had then became a Rishi. But that didn’t satisfy Vishwamitra. His goal was to become a Brahmarishi. So, he again started doing penance. After thousand years, this time, he was seduced by a woman named Menaka and gave up his penance. He comsumed all his powers gained to impress her. He realised his mistake and agin started doing penance, after thousands of years of his penance, Brahma appeared before him and said that he had then became a Maharishi.

Vishwamitra had not satisfied as his goal was to become a Brahmarishi. He continued his penance. At last, Brahma accompanied by all the gods and said that Vishwamitra had then became a Brahmarishi.

Thus, Vishwamitra reached his goal by his tenacious efforts, unbroken dedication and concluded his penance. He was honored by the gods and sages alike.

Our dedication must be in the same way and should not be broken by any means to reach our desires and goals.

BMC’s Action at Kangana Ranaut’s Residence in Bandra Prima Facie Not Bona Fide

In a well-worded, well-analysed, well-justified and well-reasoned judgment titled Kangana Ranaut vs Municipal Corporation of Gr. Mumbai & Ors in Writ Petition (L) No. 3011 of 2020, a two Judge Division Bench of the Bombay High Court comprising of Justice SJ Kathawalla and Justice RI Chagla remarkably and rightly while restraining the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai from carrying out any further demolition at Kangana Ranaut’s residence in Bandra could not restrain themselves from observing that if the Corporation acted with similar swiftness about the numerous unauthorized constructions in the city, this city would have been a completely different place to live in. Bombay High Court was absolutely shell shocked to see the astronomical speed with which the demolition work was carried out. It also noted that the civic body started the demolition work within 24 hours of giving the notice seeking a reply when the 33 year old actor Kangana Ranaut was not even in the State.

                             In this context, the former Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis too jumped in the fray and did not hesitate to come out in full support of Kangana Ranaut who he felt was being selectively witch hunted because of her taking a strong stand against the Shiv Sena led State government in Maharashtra on a host of issues including the Sushant Singh Rajput death case. Fadnavis minced no words to condemn BMC’s move to demolish parts of Kangana’s office and raised serious question marks about why the Maharashtra government was not demolishing underworld don Dawood Ibrahim ‘s house located in Mumbai who is absconding ever since the March 12, 1993 serial bomb blasts in Mumbai which left about 257 dead and about 800 injured? Fadnavis further said that the Maharashtra government feels that our fight is not with Corona but with Kangana!  

                    While narrating the key points and brief background of this notable case, the ball is set rolling by first and foremost observing in para 1 that, “The above Writ Petition is not on Board. The Associate of this Court has today at 11.30 a.m., placed before us a Praecipe along with an unaffirmed copy of the Writ Petition on behalf of the Petitioner, stating therein that as a result of a fall-out with certain influential people operating in the Administration and the Government, she has received a Notice dated 7th September, 2020 under Section 354A of the Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888 (‘the Act’) from the Executive Engineer, H/West Ward of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (‘MCGM’) claiming that he has been satisfied that the Petitioner has unlawfully commenced, undertaken or carried out erection of building/erection of work, as described in the Schedule to the said notice. The said Notice further calls upon the Petitioner to produce documentary evidence proving authorization of the unauthorized work mentioned in the Notice; to stop the erection of the said building/execution of the said work forthwith and to produce permission, if any, obtained from the MCGM, within 24 hours from the service of the Notice. The Notice also provides that if the Petitioner fails to produce within 24 hours, the permission of MCGM to carry out the said works, MCGM shall under Section 354A of the Act, without any further notice, cause the said building or work to be pulled down at the risks and cost of the Petitioner.” 

                    Furthermore, para 2 then says that, “It is further stated in the Praecipe that since 24 hours have elapsed, the Corporation is seeking to demolish the Petitioner’s residence today itself and therefore, the Court should restrain the Corporation from demolishing the premises of the Petitioner, who is currently out of Maharashtra and is expected to be in Mumbai today.”

                            As it turned out, it is then stated in para 3 that, “In view of the urgency and also in view of the fact that the Corporation has filed a caveat in this Court, the matter was directed to be placed at 12.30 p.m. today and the Advocate for the petitioner was asked to give notice to the MCGM.”

                  To put things in perspective, it is then pointed out in para 4 that, “Before we record as to what transpired before us at 12.30 p.m., we feel it necessary to set out a few facts in the matter:

4.1 The Petitioner is in use, occupation and possession of Bungalow No. 5, Chetak Row House, 41, Nargis Dutt Road, Pali Hill, Bandra (W), Mumbai – 400050 (‘the said Premises’).  

4.2 On 8th September, 2020 at 10.03 a.m., MCGM pasted a Notice dated 7thSeptember, 2020 on the outer door of the said Premises. The Notice under Section 354A of the Act, was addressed to the Petitioner by the Executive Engineer, H/W Ward, stating that the Executive Engineer is satisfied that the Petitioner has unlawfully commenced/is carrying out the erection of work described in the Schedule to the said Notice at the said Premises.”

                      Briefly stated, para 4.3 then mentions a long list of works observed “beyond approved” BCC Plan bearing No. CE/4349/BSIL/AH/dated 07.03.1979. It also directs petitioner to produce documentary evidence showing authorization of above mentioned works. It also directs petitioner to stop the erection of the said building/execution of the said work forthwith. It also further directs petitioner to produce permission approved by the competent authority in favour of erection of the building or execution of the work within 24 hours from the service of this notice and then warns that if petitioner fails to stop the execution of work forthwith or if stopped and fail to produce permission within 24 hours, then under Section 354(A) and in exercise of powers and function conferred upon me as aforesaid without any further notice cause the said building or work to be removed or pull down at petitioner’s risk and cost. It also pointed out that further note that you and /or any person directing/carrying out such erection/work shall be removed by Police Officer from the place where the building is being erected or work is being executed. It then noted: “And that any material, machinery, equipment, device or articles used in process of erection of building or execution of work will be caused to be removed without any further notice at your risk and cost. Lastly observed that, “Sketch (Not to the Scale).”

                    As a corollary, it is then stated in para 4.4 that, “The sketch shown in the Notice is extremely unclear and the ‘unauthorized’ works cannot at all be seen in this sketch.” This is a very important observation as the Bombay High Court says explicitly that the sketch is extremely unclear and in addition the ‘unauthorized’ works about which so much of brouhaha was made by the BMC cannot at all be seen in this sketch!

                       What then ensues is stated in para 4.5 that, “The Advocate for the Petitioner immediately served a Reply-Letter dated 8th September, 2020 to the Executive Engineer (B&F) H/W Ward and recorded therein that the allegations made by the MCGM in the said Notice are false and the same shall be forthwith dealt with by the Petitioner, who is expected to arrive in Mumbai on 9th September, 2020 and requested for a minimum of 7 days to respond and address the concern raised in the said Notice. By the said Reply-Letter, MCGM was called upon not to misuse its dominant position “to cause prejudice to the Petitioner with any hidden agenda coupled with ulterior motives”.”  

                            Going ahead, para 4.6 then discloses that, “On 8th September, 2020, the MCGM filed its Caveat before this Court under Section 148-A of the Code of Civil Procedure, recording therein that the Petitioner is likely to file a Writ Petition before this Court challenging the Notice dated 7th September, 2020 issued by the MCGM to the Petitioner, pertaining to the said Premises and “LET NOTHING BE DONE in the above mentioned matter unless prior notice is given to the Corporation”. The MCGM also filed the Vakalatnama of its Advocate along with the said Caveat.”

                        Significantly, it is then stated in para 5 that, “The matter was called out at 12.30 p.m. However, for the first ten minutes, none appeared for the MCGM despite notice being served on them by the Petitioner’s Advocate. In the meantime, the Advocate for the Petitioner informed the Court that today morning at around 11.00 a.m., the MCGM moved its entire machinery and in the presence of several police officers, started carrying out the job of demolition by use of heavy machines and by now 40% of the said Premises is already demolished by the MCGM. Thereafter, an in-house Advocate of the MCGM appeared and informed the Court that they do not have a copy of the Writ Petition. The Advocate for the Petitioner informed the Court that a copy of the Writ Petition has been served on the MCGM. This Court inquired from the Advocate for the MCGM whether she at least had a copy of the impugned Notice issued by the Corporation to the Petitioner. The answer given was in the negative. When this Court inquired as to who is instructing her in the matter, she informed the Court that none of the Officers of the MCGM are present with her. Since the Court was of the view that the MCGM is trying to waste the time of the Court and in the meantime complete the demolition of the said Premises, the Advocate for MCGM was orally instructed by the Court to forthwith inform the Municipal Commissioner that the Court has directed the MCGM to forthwith stop the demolition work, in the light of today’s hearing pending before the Court. Since no clear assurance was coming from the Advocate that the Municipal Commissioner was so informed, the Court Associate at our instance tried to call up the Municipal Commissioner, whose cellphone was continuously switched-off. Ten minutes thereafter, the in-house Advocate for the Corporation informed the Court that the directions of this Court were conveyed to the Municipal Commissioner. About 15 minutes thereafter, Shri Sakhare, Senior Advocate, for MCGM appeared before the Court through video conferencing. In response to a query by the Court, he informed the Court that he too is not having a copy of the Writ Petition as well as copy of the impugned Notice and that the offices of the Corporation are not with him since he is appearing from his residence.” 

                 More significantly, the Bench then without mincing any words lampoons in para 6 holding that, “We find the above conduct of the MCGM highly deplorable, more so since the MCGM was well aware that a Writ Petition would be filed by the Petitioner before this Court at any time, and an application seeking urgent orders will be moved by the Petitioner and MCGM had therefore filed a Caveat before this Court. We, therefore, informed Senior Advocate Shri Sakhare that such conduct on the part of the MCGM is totally unacceptable to the Court. However, Shri Sakhare immediately arranged to bring the Assistant Municipal Commissioner as well as the Executive Engineer (B&F) of H/W Ward of MCGM online to answer the queries raised by the Court.”

                               What’s more, it is then disclosed in para 7 that, “In response to the queries put to the Assistant Municipal Commissioner, H/W Ward as well as the Executive Engineer, they have informed the Court as follows:

7.1 That on 5th September, 2020 i.e. Saturday, the Building Mukadam whilst he was in the H/West Ward, noticed some work going on in the said Premises and also certain debris lying outside the said Premises.

7.2 The Mukadam informed about the same to the Assistant Engineer (B&F) of the MCGM.

7.3 The Assistant Engineer (B&F) of the MCGM, who is the Field Officer, informed about the same to the Designated Officer, (B&F), who is the Executive Engineer of H/W Ward of the Corporation.

7.4 The Executive Engineer along with others visited the said Premises on 7thSeptember, 2020 at 11.00 a.m. (Monday), where Shri Nikhil Surve, Manager of the premises was also present. After Shri Nikhil Surve took permission from Ms. Rangoli, sister of the Petitioner over the phone, the Executive Engineer and others were given access to the said Premises. The Executive Engineer and others inspected the said Premises and prepared inspection notes, inspection report and also notice under Section 354A, addressed to the Petitioner, on the same day i.e. 7thSeptember, 2020, and pasted the Notice on the outer door of the said Premises on 8th September, 2020 (Tuesday) at 10.03 a.m. 

7.5 Exactly after 24 hours, MCGM started the demolition work, which is stopped few minutes back in view of the oral directions of this Court.”

                       Most significantly, it is then clearly and convincingly enunciated in para 8 that, “Section 354A of the Act (which is invoked by the MCGM by issuing the impugned Notice dated 7th September, 2020), sets out the ‘power of Commissioner to stop erection of building or work commenced or carried on unlawfully.’ From the works set out in the Notice, it is clear beyond any doubt that the works which are ‘unauthorised’ have not come up overnight. However, all of a sudden, the Corporation appears to have overnight woken up from its slumber, issued Notice to the Petitioner, that too when she is out of the State, directing her to respond within 24 hours, and not granting her any further time, despite written request, and proceeding to demolish the said Premises upon completion of 24 hours. Though the manner in which the MCGM has proceeded to commence demolition work of the said Premises, prima facie does not appear to be bonafide and smacks of malafide, we are giving an opportunity to the MCGM to explain its stand/conduct on Affidavit by 3.00 p.m. tomorrow.” 

                      While rapping the MCGM on its knuckles, the Bench then also makes it a point to also say the unpalatable truth in simple, straight and suave language in para 9 that, “We cannot help but mention here that if the MCGM would act with similar swiftness qua the numerous unauthorized constructions in this City, the City would be a completely different place to live in.” 

                                    Finally, we then see that the Division Bench of Bombay High Court clearly, categorically and convincingly holds in para 10 that, “In the circumstances, we pass the following Order:

(i)                         We allow the Petitioner to carry out the necessary amendments to the Petition;

(ii)                      We direct the MCGM to file its affidavit in Reply by 3.00 p.m. tomorrow.

(iii)                   In the meantime, the MCGM is restrained from carrying out any further demolition qua the said Premises mentioned in the impugned Notice.

(iv)                   Stand over to 10th September, 2020 at 3.00 p.m.

                            No doubt, the MCGM and the Maharashtra State Government must seriously introspect after going through this latest, landmark and extremely laudable judgment by a two Judge Division Bench of the Bombay High Court in detail. No elected government nor the MCGM can ever dare to say goodbye to the “due process of law” and equality as enshrined in our Constitution under Article 14 which talks about equality and equal protection of law for all the citizens of India! Kangana Ranaut is a famous Indian actress with an impeccable reputation and the MCGM and the State Government should not have acted with undue haste in demolishing her residence in Bandra in Greater Mumbai. 

                            On the contrary, the illegal houses like that of dreaded gangster Dawood Ibrahim along with others which the Courts have also sanctioned to be demolished must be promptly demolished by BMC and they should too not be given a long rope under any circumstances as most unfortunately we have been seeing till now as was pointed out even by former Maharashtra CM Devendra Fadnavis and even the Bombay High Court too has pointed this out most emphatically in this leading case also! Petty politics should not be allowed to triumph over our national interests under any circumstances as it gives a bad name to our country and severely damages the reputation of our country beyond repair where the high and the mighty are able to easily mould the law as per their own whims and fancies! There can be no denying or disputing it!  

Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,

s/o Col BPS Sirohi,

A 82, Defence Enclave,

Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,

Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh

PROCRASTINATION- THE INNER DEMON.

Procrastination is the act of casually delaying decisions or activities. For example, if you need to complete a project, completely end up spending time on the internet even you remember you should be working, that indicates that you’re procrastinating. Procrastination is often pernicious to people’s capacity to triumphantly achieve their goals. Procrastination normally means disregarding an unpleasant, yet likely more significant task, in the inclination of one that is more delightful or more manageable. Etymologically, “procrastination” is derived from the Latin verb procrastinate — to put off until tomorrow. People usually believe that procrastination is solely a topic of the willpower, yet in certainty, the condition is far more complicated than that.

When challenged with a choice to perform or a responsibility to complete, we ordinarily rely on our stability in order to force ourselves to accept tasks fulfilled. Moreover, our impulse, which is based on the expectation of achieving some award for our struggles, can increase our self-control, and get it more possible that we will get everything done appropriately. However, there are also various demotivating circumstances that we can endure, which have an adverse impact than our urge, signifying that they make us more inclined to procrastinate. For example, stress, fear of failure, and other invalidating troubles can cause us to dawdle carelessly. Procrastinators oftentimes put off preparing things, drop them to the extremely end moment, or seldom also waste their time gazing at the wall. Nonetheless, be mindful, procrastination is not a metonym for flagging. It’s a great plan to begin applying the term procrastination rather than applying the word’s negligence or setting something off. It gives a much more precise representation of your state. Simply addressing the correct title to your dilemma, then you start working on it.

How to stop procrastinating? Focus on performing, not withdrawing. Pen down the duties that you require to finish, and specify a time for performing them Switch off your email and social media, and withdraw lying anywhere near a television while you work. The personal concept is one important aspect, it helps you recognize your abilities and priorities, and by building one, you will nevermore think failed in what is it that you desire to do with your life. There are various apps created to assist you to be extra established, use that. If you accomplish a tough assignment on time, reward yourself with a gift. Acquiring new ways is one of the essential details of individual improvement. If we form a manner of creating something, its implementation needs more limited rational energy to do it. Acquiring new practices is, hence, quite significant. So overcome your procrastination to reach greater heights of success.

John Rawls : Theory of Justice

John Rawls is a contemporary American Philosopher who is regarded as the first original theorist of justice since the times of Aristotle and Plato and other ancient political philosophers. His theory of justice had brought a lot of attention in the world of political philosophy. With the publication of his book called ‘A Theory of Justice’. So as to arrive at the principles of Justice Rawls used Locke’s methodology of ‘social contract’. His theory of justice focuses on a society of free citizens holding equal basic rights, enjoying equal opportunities of advancement and cooperating to achieve a common goal.

Rawls famous works are- ‘A theory of Justice’ (1971), ‘Political Liberalism’(1993), ‘The Law of Peoples’ (1999), and ‘Justice and Fairness’(2001). In his celebrated book ‘A theory of Justice’ he asserts that a good society is characterized by a number of virtues. Justice is the first virtue of a good society. In other words, Justice is a necessary but not a sufficient condition of a good society. Those who argue that justice should not come in the way of social advancement and progress run the risk of losing the moral degradation of the society. In a just society, justice is established as the foundation of social structure. Hence all political and legislative decisions should be designed to fulfil the requirements of justice.

Rawlsian theory of justice focuses on two things.

  1. Distributive Principle
  2. Difference Principle

Distributive principles focus on the availability of basic or primary goods to call. Equal rights, equal opportunities and same income.

While Difference principles focuses more on the arrangement of social and economic inequalities in a way that they are to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged person and are attached to positions open to all under conditions of fair equality and opportunity.

Rawls sets out two basic moral principles of justice which constitutional democracy should satisfy. First, each person engaged in institution affected by it has an equal right to its most extensive liberty compatible with a like liberty for all.

Second, inequalities as defined by the institutional structure or fostered by it are arbitrary, unless it is reasonable to expect that they will work out to everyone’s advantage and provided that the positions and offices to which they may be gained are open to all.

Rawls Theory of Justice

John Rawls was an ardent advocate of fairness and equality of opportunity. He believed that if people were put under the ‘Veil of Ignorance’ then they would choose themselves to be in a position where everyone will get equal opportunity and income. He has used the style of the contractualists like Hobbes and Locke in arriving at the need for the usage of ‘Original Position’ , This theory is also called as contractarian theory of justice. He is against the utilitarian concept of justice where the ‘greatest good of the greatest number’ is held valid. He believes that human beings are ‘rational agents’ who will in their ‘original position’ always make sure to keep themselves in a position where they get equal opportunities. Each individual is selfish and an intelligent negotiator who carefully negotiates with other human beings. Sometimes the individuals do not know of this fact that distribution of offices or rewards is justly done according to the results of a competition conducted in a fair manner.

Rawls take up the issues of just distributive justice on focusing two principles.

  • Each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive liberty compatible with a similar liberty for all.
  • Social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both: (a) to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged and (b) attached to positions and offices open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity.

While the first principle reflects a traditional liberal commitment to formal equality, the second principle (the so- called difference principle) points towards a significant measure of social equality.

Justice requires that each and every single individual have equality in the nature of equal rights and opportunities and some income. Each person should have some income and so for this the state should eradicate economic inequality Only then the least advantaged person may have the benefit of improving his lot so as to become the highest member of his society.  Such a situation shall strengthen the incentives and enlarge the size of the social cake. In his view the people will support it if they were not placed under the ‘ veil of ignorance’ which deprives them of the knowledge of their social position and status. The people cooperating together for mutual advantage should have an equal claim to the fruits of their cooperation and should not be penalized as a result of their gender, race and genetic inheritance over which they have no control. Redistribution and welfare are therefore ‘Just ‘, because they confirm to the widely held view of what is fair.

According to Rawls the problem of justice consists in ensuring a just distribution of ‘primary goods’ which include rights and liberties, powers and opportunities, income and wealth, means of self-respect and so on. Rawls described his theory as the theory of pure procedural justice. It means that once certain means of principles of justice are accepted, the distributive resulting from their application will be necessarily just.

Rawls severely criticized those theories of allocation which ignore the moral worth of individual for the attainment of any predetermined goals. He particularly attacked utilitarianism because in calculating the ‘greatest happiness of the greatest number’ it attainment of any predetermined goals. He particularly attacked utilitarianism because in calculating the ‘greatest happiness of the greatest number’ it does not care if it leads to extreme hardship to any particular individual. For instance, one might imagine a state of affairs in which maximum amount of happiness would be produced and its distribution to a maximum number of people achieved by the enslavement of minority. Rawls has brilliantly argued that you cannot compensate for the sufferings of the distressed by augmenting the joys of the prosperous.

Domestic violence reaching peak

According to the World Health Organisation violence against women tends to increase in any emergency including epidemics. Stress disruption of social and protective networks increased economic hardships and decreased access to services can exhibit the risk of women suffering violence. In the case of covid-19 isolation, restricted movement and stay at home measures to contain the spread of virus has had huge impact on people particularly women and children. As families have to live in close proximity with nothing much for recreation or stress relieving they often take shelter by being violent and this can be pointing for the more serious issue when such a situation is accompanied by a job or economic loss.

The UN has described the worldwide increase in domestic abuse as a shadow pandemic alongside covid-19. The worst part being that in situations like these victims cannot actually turn to many options. According to data domestic violence complaints are at a 10-year high during covid-19 lockdown in simple language during the first four phases of the covid-19 related lockdown Indian women filed more domestic violence complaints then recorded in a similar period in the last 10 years. Another survey suggests that among the 14.3% of victims who sought help only 7% reached out to relevant authorities but around 90% of these victims concerned only their immediate families. However this treatment cannot be justified and is not restricted to only women but also children come under its clutches no matter how much stress and personal issues a person is facing resorting to home violence should not be considered as a last resort.

Men should realise that women are no things that they can use to ventilate their anger issues,women constitutes for about half of the population and yet are considered to be weak and worthy of the neglect…we need to raise our voices against this because women deserve better children deserve better men need to realise that they should stop underestimating women because they have always prove themselves worthy.At the same time women should also ensure that they recognise their identity as individuals independent of their husband’s authority over them and should report if any instance of domestic violence is inflicted upon them.

Telepathy

Telepathy is the purported vicarious transmission of information from one person to another without using any known human sensory channels or physical interaction.

Telepathy refers to communication outside of the known senses. Many studies have demonstrated that we can “read” other people’s minds because we have neurons that act as automatic mirrors. In fact, we can grasp the intentions and emotions of others automatically. In 2007, psychology professor Gregor Domes and his colleagues found evidence that the ability to interpret subtle social cues can be enhanced by oxytocin, a hormone that increases trust and social approach behavior. 

Invisible communication: In 2005, biologist Rupert Sheldrake and his research associate Pam Smart recruited 50 experimental participants through an employment website. They also included four potential emailers and one minute before a prearranged time, the participants had to guess who would send it. Of 552 trials, 43 percent of the guesses were correct. This was much higher than the 25 percent one would have expected if this finding were just due to chance.

The biologic predisposition to the transfer of thoughts is not thought to be limited to humans. When flocks of birds turn seemingly automatically or wheel together, this quick inference from all birds at the same time is thought to be similar to telepathy.  In 2017,experimental physicist Jure Demsar and computer scientist Iztok Lebar Bajek demonstrated that such group behavior may, in part, be explained by language related fuzzy rule-based computational systems. This suggests that there may be a built-in logic behind group behavior. They do not necessarily transcend the laws of nature.

The brain transmits messages as electrical signals through nerves. But we can’t just connect everyone’s heads through a giant web of nerves even if we could, it would be impractical.

But we can read the electrical activity from brain cells with electronic devices. Then transmit the signal, like we do the internet, and turn it back into brain cell activity at the other end.

EEG rests a collection of larger electrodes on top of your head, where it records the electrical activity of larger groups of cells. But that is only after the signal has passed through the meninges, skull and the skin. So, it is not so accurate. But it’s the only one that human telepathy studies have actually used.

When telepathy influences another person’s thoughts or beliefs, it is called mind control. Within USA is quite developed. Unfortunately, a lot of people are applying mind control at night when it’s time for us to sleep. Mind control involves influence and can include outside props or strategies to achieve its goal. Since, it involves influences of other people (known and unknown) it can be very beneficial or crucifixion. It can be helpful for us to make life changes and it can also create destructions for a lifetime. All depends on the person who is imposing his will (power) into somebody else’s mind. This kind of knowledge should possess only people with pure hearts; however, reality is different. Indigenous people are taught sacred knowledge in order to keep it alive from generation to generation.

When one starts to naturally experience the awakening of telepathic powers, he/she feels more energized. One will start to refrain from negativity and thus, your friends will either be happy or you or they will fall away. Those who are used to talking about negative things will fall away first, since they will lose interest in your company. My experience is that many are trying to prevent that one person will have more telepathic powers then others. Negative people are not pure in their hearts, minds, souls and their bodies. They are looking only how to benefit, or they want to control somebody else’s life and decisions in order to satisfy their own or another person’s goals. Many are paid for such kind of “jobs”.

“Everyone occasionally suffers from depression, and some people are stricken with major depression, in which the sadness and hopelessness last more than two weeks and interfere with carrying on with life. In recent decades, more people have been diagnosed with depression, especially in younger cohorts, and the conventional wisdom is captured in the tag line of a recent public television documentary: “A silent epidemic is ravaging the nation and killing our kids.” We have just seen that the nation is not suffering from an epidemic of unhappiness, loneliness, or suicide, so an epidemic of depression seems unlikely, and it turns out to be an illusion”.

If I had the chance to express my opinion regarding the existence of telepathy , I would say that I support it . I think telepathy exists because many people have experienced telepathic calls in their lives. Moreover, if indeed the results of most of the experiments were not very significant , there are many reasons that are behind this failure . Finally , I don’t think that telepathy contradicts with science laws . In fact it completes science and enlarges our ideas about mind and brains .