“Indira Banerjee The only Women judge in Supreme Court at Present. “

India is a massive democratic and independent country .All men and women are equal in this era no discrimination of gender in any matter like employment business government jobs. Many women work in different different sector. Women and men are valued equally in societies that are safer and healthier. Equality between men and women is a fundamental human right. Gender equality benefits everyone.
Indira Banerjee is the best example for Women empowerment. Indira Banerjee is the only women judge in Supreme Court at present and she become the only 8th women Judge of the supreme Court.
List of 8 Female Judge in Supreme Court:-
1. Fathima Beevi (6 oct 1989 – 29 Apr 1992)
2. Sujata Manohar(8 Nov 1994 – 27 Aug 1999)
3. Ruma Pal (28 Jan 2000- 2 Jun 2006)
4. Gyan Sudha Mishra(30 Apr 2010 – 27 Apr 2014)
5. Ranjana Desai(13 Sept 2011 – 20 Oct 2014)
6. R. Banumathi (13 Aug 2014 – 19 july 2020)
7. Indu Malhotra (27 Apr 2017 -13 Mar 2021)
8. Indira Banerjee(27 Aug 2018- 23 Sep 2023)

Indira Banerjee, who was born on September 24, 1957, went to Loreto House in Kolkata for her education. She subsequently moved on to Presidency College for her Bachelor’s degree, and then on to Calcutta University for law school. In July 1985, she began working as a lawyer at Calcutta High School.
On February 5, 2002, she was named to the Calcutta High Court as a permanent judge. She was sent to the Delhi High Court in August of 2016. In April 2017, she succeeded Justice Sanjay Kishan Kaul as Chief Justice of the Madras High Court. Following Justice Kanta Kumari Bhatnagar, Justice Banerjee is the second woman to lead the chartered High Court.
Justice Banerjee’s name was suggested for elevation to the Supreme Court by the Supreme Court Collegium on July 16, and the Centre accepted it yesterday.
Justice Banerjee is the Supreme Court’s eighth female judge.

In addition, she releases a new album. With Justice R Banumathi and Justice Indu Malhotra already on the Supreme Court, Justice Indira Banerjee’s appointment brings the total number of female judges on the court to three, a number that has never been reached since the court’s creation in 1950.

In the judiciary, more women are needed.
It’s past time for those in charge of appointing judges to the high court and the Supreme Court to recognise the need of providing enough representation for women in the judiciary. Without diluting merit, the superior judiciary should have reserved seats for women, similar to the subordinate judiciary.
We should be concerned about more than just the economic consequences of the dearth of female (judges) in the employment. Women at all levels of the judiciary are critical in addressing certain issues that can have far-reaching social and political consequences: one, insufficient representation in the courts can exacerbate biases; second, a lack of women in courts raises questions about the courts’ legitimacy as representatives of the societies they serve; and third, the presence of women judges signals equality of opportunity for women.

Complaints Never End!

What is the most important goal of you as a person? Having a perfect life, Or a happy one? Do we even have proper definitions to these terms available. Why is it so that we all are always just complaining, being sad about something or other going wrong in our lives. Why do we only wish to count the things we are lacking and not the ones which are present for us everyday. Well, may be because we are too busy in proving ourselves superior these days that we just couldn’t accept if anyone around possess anything better than us. And the fun fact is the other person is trying to do the same thing, and thus they try to hide their shortcomings and outshine themselves while actually they are into the same thought as yours. Moreover, in today’s scenarios people not only tend to show their superiority by their possessions but also in the problems of their life. Say, if you go to someone to vent about your problems they will try to demean the depth of your problem and describe their’s as a major issue.

WHAT IS THE ISSUE WITH US?

!ACCEPTANCE! The most important thing to have in life. And the thing most lacked by us, humans. It is the one thing which can solve 50% of our stress because as they say ” It’s all in the mind”. Accepting doesn’t mean to learn to settle for less, or to stop working to improve or to grow. Having a simple meaning, still a very crucial term to understand. As when interpreted wrong it could even make you resistant to your own growth. Acceptance is the the gratitude for good things and priviledges we have even if it’s those basic things like food to eat which thousands of people in the world are still deprived of, shelter to live while there are so many who still have no roof on their heads and still keep lurking here and there, clothes to wear that still is very hard to even afford for some and books to learn, as education being the strongest weapon to survive in this World has to be considered a basic necessity for all. However, many of them doesn’t even understand the meaning of this term. Acceptance is the sense of Belongingness we get from our beloved family and friends around us, the ones who care for us and deserve to be loved back. The true value of such relations is understood by the individuals who have no friends, by the kids who lost their families/ parents at an early age, those old age people whose children separated from them. Thus, instead of trying to make them feel inferior or boasting about oneself we should be celebrating ans supporting each other with love and care as we humas are here for each other, by each other. Acceptance is the fact that life doesn’t need to be perfect and happiness doesn’t come from luxuries. Rather, it solely depends on your state of mind in every situation.

Life is made up of both, JOYS and SORROWS..

Problems and situations has to be present each day! Or else what else you could be doing with the time regularly. Being stressed regularly is a burden, likewise enjoying regularly will bore you with it someday soon too. Imbalance works nowhere, and that is why you get both joys and sorrows equally or based on the decisions you make in life. This is what our lives are all about, as days of relaxation and entertainment are there to make us realise the beauty of our life. The troublesome days are here to provide you with lessons of life, to build your knowledge of how you solve and create, to let you grow. Solving problematic situations gets you acknowledged with the opportunities you can use to create the methodologies and ethics to be followed by you for the entire lifetime. With every step you climb, you learn from the bygones and take precautions from making similar mistakes and realise the value of certain things or people you should have been happy about. This is how the life cycle works, right.

Realise before it goes away.

As the times passes, individuals and possessions come and go, it depends upon you which ones you hold or let go. Complaining or being jealous doesn’t helps you get something but, acceptance surely would strength you to move on and find happiness and peace in the hardest situations too. Learn to value what belongs to you, and not always what you desire. Materials doesn’t die along with you,those are feelings and satisfaction that survive until the end and provide you the smile at the end of the day.

In such cases, Often The best motivations are when you look up to some real life stories and the protagonist of these stories growing through. Because, then you could believe the actual importance to a specific lesson. So here are a few links for you to hear actual people and learn ;

It took me 20 years to accept myself

You don’t find happiness, you create it!

CHILD LABOUR

Child Labour refers to the practise of using young children in factories, but it is increasingly used to refer to the employment of minors in general, particularly in jobs that may interfere with their education or threaten their health. Children have always worked alongside their parents in the fields, the marketplace, and around the home as soon as they were old enough to accomplish simple tasks. Child labour is not a new occurrence, nor is it limited to a single state.

Facts and myth about child labour– Employers are thought to obligate children by hiring them. However, the fact is that employers are simply concerned with profit, and child labour can be exploited at no cost to them. Many industries rely significantly on child labour because children are willing to work for little or no pay and for extended periods of time without complaining. Industries such as bead manufacturing, glass manufacturing, carpet manufacturing, gem and stone polishing, matches, and fireworks have grown solely on the power of young labour. There is a vested interest in the recruitment of underage labourers since it benefits them. The main cause is low salaries. Which employer prefers a child above an adult. Poverty is NOT an option. These statistics reveal that the vast majority of children employed in these businesses are from Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, or Other Backward Castes.

Second, while it is true that child labourers come from impoverished families, it should be noted that child labour also perpetuates poverty because the child labourer who survives the harsh conditions becomes an unskilled adult who is not employed even in the industry that previously exploited him or her. Furthermore, child employees are paid a pittance or receive no pay at all. Child labour also lowers adult salaries and keeps adults out of work. Third, some people believe that if youngsters labour, they will be equipped with skills for the future. When we look at the facts, we can see that the activities assigned to child labourers, such as labelling, filling, and transporting, are simple and repetitive. By doing these exercises, youngsters are not so much learning a skill as they are being subjected to gruelling, monotonous work. Furthermore, the job done by young labourers jeopardises their prospects. Children’s health is harmed by exposure to the elements, dust, harmful gases, and chemical solutions, which shortens their lives. Some people believe that children work faster and have nimble fingers, which are required for certain types of work, particularly knotting carpets, but it is a myth that child labour is necessary and that children are capable of weaving better carpets than adults, but children were allegedly employed in simple tasks for which they had a special aptitude lost to adults. Adults were not only employed in all of these enterprises, but they outnumbered children in the studied units. Furthermore, their pace of physical production was higher than that of children.

Child labour is an International Problem– Child labour is still a major issue in many regions of the world in the early twenty-first century. According to research conducted during the International Year of the Child in 1979, more than 50 million children under the age of 15 were working in a variety of vocations, many of which were dangerous. Many of these youngsters reside in impoverished nations, where their living conditions are deplorable and their educational opportunities are limited. These families frequently lack the necessities of life, such as proper food, clothing, and shelter, as well as water for bathing. 20,000 children in India, for example, work 16-hour days in match factories. Child labour issues are not restricted to developing countries. They occur everywhere poverty exists in Europe and the United States. The most important efforts to reduce child labour abuses around the world are led by the INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION (ILO), which was created in 1919 and is now a special agency of the United Nations. Among its members, the organisation has implemented various child-labor conventions, including a minimum age of 16 years for admittance to all work, a higher minimum age for specialised categories of employment, mandatory medical examinations, and night work control. Slavery, prostitution, debt bondage, and forced military service were added to the list of the worst types of child labour by the ILO in the late twentieth century.

CONCLUSION– It is possible to infer that The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act is an Act that was passed in order to adopt all of the international standards against child labour that have been adopted by the United Nations. Furthermore, the Supreme Court’s explanation and analysis, as well as those of other courts, have made the Act a significant piece of legislation that has contributed to reducing the scourge of child labour to a bare minimum. Although a lot of laws have been enacted to prevent child labour, no law will be effective in eradicating the evil of child labour unless the laws are properly enforced and unless each and every individual does something to help in eradicating the problem aside from the application of the law.

Natural calamities in india

Natural Calamities are events that take place due to either natural activity or human-made activity. It leaves long-lasting effects on human lives and properties. It is increasing day by day all over the world. It is because of the misuse of environmental resources by humans. India suffers due to its vulnerable geographical location. Despite knowing it, the country still doesn’t have a proper disaster management unit.

There are different kinds of Natural Disasters in India that happen frequently and leave painful effects on the Indians’ Iives.

Earthquake is one of the frequently occurring natural disasters in India. It happens because of high internal pressure between huge rocks within the Earth’s crust. It causes them to break apart. It shakes the land. If the intensity is high, houses, apartments, etc. collapse or get damaged. India faces mild earthquakes frequently. However, the country has faced multiple severe earthquakes as well.

Drought is another major natural calamity that is caused by the absence of rain. There are three types of droughts – meteorology, hydrology, and agriculture-related. More than 10% area in India is prone to drought. The north-western part of India is particularly prone to dryness.

Cyclones occur in India mainly because of the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. Some states like West Bengal, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, etc. are prone to it. Every year, India faces five to six cyclones. It happens because of the variation of temperature and pressure in oceans.

Wildfire or forest fire is also frequent in India as India has dry and warm forests prone to it. It is dangerous for wild animals, nearby local people, and the environment as well.

Apart from these, other natural calamities occur in India like floods, landslides, avalanches, etc.

Several human activities are aiding natural disasters. Growing population and consumerist tendencies are the main factors behind it. With the increasing population, the demand and use of natural resources are increasing. As a result, unwanted environmental change is occurring. Water scarcity, global warming, climate change are some effects of it. Apart from these, the neverending desire and want of humans is crucial for natural disasters. Water is going down the average level. Industrial solvents are polluting the rivers and the sea. Dirty, unclean gases from industries and vehicles are polluting the air. Many men made creations are destroying wildlife. Furthermore, excessive cutting of trees has contributed to global warming we are facing now. The more people will exploit nature; the more natural calamities will occur.

Solution

There are various ways in which the effect of natural calamities can be minimized. The government should have a secure financial backup for managing disasters. It is because floods destroy properties and effects human lives. Money is an essential thing for recovery. There should be a proper disaster management unit in every state that all well connected to every corner of the state. Here, strong leadership is of utmost importance. The government should invest more in researches on natural disasters. Suggestions from other countries should be taken. People should be thoroughly aware of any upcoming natural disasters so that they can take proper precautions. The government should focus on new inventions that help control natural disasters. Above all, we should leave our consumerist nature and start believing in sustainability. We should stop doing things that are not friendly to our environments. If these things can be maintained appropriately, not only India but any part of the world can efficiently handle the outcomes of a natural disaster.

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

Women’s empowerment equips and allows women to make life determining decisions through the different problems in soceity. they may have the oppurtunity to redefine gender roles or other such roles, which in turn may allow them more freedom to pursue desired goals. women empowerment has become a significant topic of discussion in development and economics. economic empowerment allows women to control and benefit from resources, assets, and income. it also aids the ability to manage risk and improve womens’s well being. it can result in approaches to support trivialized genders in a particular political or social content. while often interchangeably used, the more comprehensive concept of gender empowerment concerns people of any gender, stressing the distintion between biological and gender as a role. women empowerment helps in boosting the status of women through literacy, education, training, and awarness creation. furthermore, women’s empowerment refers to womens ability to make strategic life choices which had been previously denied them. it refers to increasing and improving the social, economic, political and legal strength of the women, to ensure equal right to women. women empowerment helps women to control and benefit from resources, assets, income and their own time, as well as the ability to manage risk and improve their economic status and wellbeing. many of the barriers to women empowerment and equity lie ingrained in cultural norms. many women feel these pressures while others have become accustomed to being treated inferior to men.

Book Reviews

The Books are of knowledge oceans, from every book we learn some thing new and to improve our knowledge and build our personality

BOOK Defination

we all know that a lot of English words come from ancient Latin – that’s because the Romans occupied England for almost five hundred years from 54BC to 410 AD. … The word book comes from Old English “boc” which in its turn comes from a Germanic root “*bok-“, which means “beech” – as in the beech tree

Types of Book Reviews

Endorsements: Hand-picking Relevant Reviewers Before Your Book is Published. …

Trade Reviews: Publishing Professionals May Advocate Your Book To The Industry. …

Reader Reviews: Individuals Recommending Your Book To Each Other. …

Editorial Reviews: Third Parties Publishing Reviews About Your Book.

Why write book reviews

Book reviews give books greater visibility and a greater chance of getting found by more readers. On some websites, books that have more book reviews are more likely to be shown to prospective readers and buyers as compared to books with few or no book reviews.

How to write a book review

Start with a couple of sentences describing what the book is about. …
Discuss what you particularly liked about the book. …
Mention anything you disliked about the book. …
Round up your review. …
You can give the book a rating, for example a mark out of five or ten, if you like!

In this days most of people like to read blogs because they have simple and clear to understand content

Some of people read books by help of Book review, its give simple summary to understand that book

MUSIC

So firstly let us know why the music is very important in humanlife? once let us question ourselves why music is very important. it is very important in human life because it relaxes peoples mindsets. this music is also know as universal language of humanity. it has the power to bring positivity and entertainment in the lives of people. everyone loves music because it holds the power to transform the mood and bring a sense of relief in their daily life. we can get all answers to our unsolved questions through music. music can make a person until the end of their lives. it never leaves the person along during their difficult times in life. it plays an important role in the world as it helps us in easily expressing ourselves. it has different impacts on the daily lives of the people. there are different emotions attached to every kind of music as we can easily relate music with power to bring people together in different ways on several occasions. it can also be termed as a good source of communication. in our daily life there are certain feelings which we fail to express but through music all the missing words find its way and we can easily communicate our message to the people. we find the words to express either by writting songs or just listening to it. music can also be described as a theraphy for many people because it has the power to heal the problems of many people. there are many children with a learning disability who have responded to the music set pieces. music is a part of meditation in many workshops to make people positive and to make them aware of their emotions. music has an impact on everyones life in different ways in different phase of life. music can transform the emotions and feelings of the people within no time. it can lessen the stress, pain, struggle, distraction, and bring positivity and calmness in our daily life. music holds the power to bring people together in different ways. music can make us expressive and help us in understanding our feelings and emotions in a better manner. making art is an basic human function. for whatever reason we feel the need to leave a mark on the world. we have a burning desire to create, whether its a folk songs, rock art, or movies. having a carrer in music can be frustating and at times a discouraging affair. its easy to feel discouraged about it. truth is music is incredibly important to people. its important that people hear music, see music, learn music, play music, create music and teach music. making music is inherently worthwhile.

Book Review: The Immortals of Meluha

The Immortals of Meluha is the first book of the Shiva trilogy penned by Amish Tripathi. The book is a spectacular blend of history, philosophy and mythology. The simplicity of language and the intriguing narration make it a must read for everyone interested in the ancient Indian thought.

The book depicts the journey of Lord Shiva, the hero of the trilogy, from the pristine surroundings of the Mansarovar Lake at the foot of Mount Kailash to the country of Meluha, described as a Heaven on Earth. The book portrays Shiva as the chief of a tribe named the Gunas. He receives an invitation from the kingdom of Meluha to immigrate along with his entire tribe. Shiva accepts the invitation in order to safeguard his tribe from the continuous onslaught of the Prakrits, an enemy tribe. Amish portrays Shiva as a human, who is always ready to protect his people. Shiva achieved his godliness by fulfilling his destiny of working for the betterment of mankind.

The description of places like Kashmir, Meluha, Karachapa, Swadweepa and Ayodhya is so spectacular that the readers are transported to the beautiful and well-planned cities of ancient Bharat. The fast-paced writing touches upon many aspects like the reason why Shiva became the Neelkanth, how Nandi, a Meluhan Captain, became the trusted aide of Shiva, the origin of the world-renowned Om (ॐ) symbol and so on. A number of characters like Daksha, Sati, Ayurvati, Chitrangadh, Bhadra, etc., all of whom are from the Shiva Purana, are introduced into the story. Each character is well defined, thus enabling the readers to easily connect with them.

Amish carefully describes a number of warrior clans that we often read about in Indian history and mythology – the Suryavanshi clan (the Sun clan), the Chandravanshi clan (the Moon clan), the Nagas (the Snake clan), and many more, whereby each clan has its distinctive characteristics and symbols. The interpretation of the different kingdoms and the politics between them is interesting to say the least. The Suryavanshi clan expects Mahadev to fight the Chandravanshis and protect their river Sarasvati from extinction and the Chandravanshis lure him to their side in order to annihilate the Suryavanshi rulers. Mahadev is forced to look at the bigger picture and understands that both the clans have their own ways of living and the differences between two different lifestyles cannot be labelled as good or bad.

The book has good explanations of the different philosophies that collectively make up the beautiful mosaic of Indian culture. The depiction of the origin of the Saptarishis (the Seven Sages), the Varna System, the Somras and its efficiency, and the concepts of universal energy, karma and dharma are put forth in an interesting manner.

Amish uses the mythological stories and the legends of ancient India (Bharat) as the basis for his novel. The narrative technique he has used is a third-person account of the happenings. The impartial writing gives the readers enough space to study the plot and form their own opinions about the virtues and vices of Shiva’s times.

The Immortals of Meluha is a softcover book containing 410 pages. The interesting tales are broken down into 26 chapters, with a map at the beginning and a glossary at the end. Readers will find it hard to keep the book down, because of its immersive and imaginative writing.

Kolkata: A city of arts, culture and cuisine

Kolkata, still commonly referred to as Calcutta, is the capital of India’s eastern state of West Bengal. It’s now known for its gentle pace of life, but back in the 18th century, the city was British India’s most important trading post and the showpiece of colonial power.

In addition to its history, the gateway to eastern India is famous for its food. Bengali cuisine has evolved over time, but Kolkata still remains an ideal place to experience the cuisine characterized in part by mustard oil and fish.

There are many very good restaurants in the city, but if you want home cooked Bengali food, then that’s possible, too. Iti Misra is one of a number of home chefs that host lunches for visitors to the city: Cooking from her kitchen, Iti dishes out authentic Bengali cuisine and gives her guests a glimpse into local life.

Home to prominent intellectuals, Kolkata is regarded as an artistic and cultural capital of India. In northern Kolkata, the oldest part of the city, you’ll find the stately mansions of famous Kolkatans such as Nobel Prize-winning poet Rabindranath Tagore.

That area of the city is also home to the busy Kumartuli clay making quarter. There, potters mold lifelike religious idols for the city’s many festivals.

Running from north to south right through the city is Hooghly River. At roughly 160 miles long, it provides the city with a supply of water and serves as a major transport system for both people and cargo. It was through the river that the East India company sailed into the region and established its trade settlement.

The waterway also provides the perfect place to experience a Kolkatan sunset. You can hire a boat to take you out on the water where you can see the iconic Howrah Bridge and the newer Vidyasagar Bridge.

For the Bengali high society, evenings in Kolkata can be spent at one of the many old colonial private members clubs such as The Saturday Club, which was founded in 1875.

Reminders of Kolkata’s colonial past can be found on every corner, but it’s the combinations of that history and modern advances that make this friendly metropolis a unique Indian experience.

a tour to chennai

“Once in a year go to someplace, you have never been” – Dalai Lama.

Travel is an outlet for all emotions buried underneath our hearts and remains unnoticed in the rapid phase of our daily lives. We all have different travel choices. Some of us can be fond of beaches, some would be fond of crowds, some would be fond of food. In case if you are expecting all three of them in one place, I have got your back. It’s time for you to visit NammaChennai, the city which has a place for every other personality.

To experience the beauty of the city, the cheap and best choice is local and metro trains. They cover half of the city landscape and you can also experience various cultures of the city inside the train. Every person you meet on a train has a different story to hold within. The scenes I commonly enjoy on a local train are as follows :

Ladies having their me-time by sitting near the window seats,
Some of them would start cutting vegetables on the train to save time,
Some people put their lives in danger to catch the train just because they could spend few more minutes with their family after a hectic day,
Men who are lost in thoughts of their responsibilities.

The city has exciting places for every other age group right from ancient temples to extravagant malls. There are also places which are loved by every age group. One such place is Marina Beach. A place that holds millions of emotions. The foods served, the gift shops filled with crowds, magnificent light-house, thousands of vehicles parked, colorful boats sailing make the beach remain unparalleled.

The foods served in Chennai are the ones that make the tour remain an unforgettable experience. Right from crowded roadside shops to cozy and ravishing cafes, Chennai has every cuisine existing in the world. The food street in OMR, snacks shops in T.Nagar, biryani shops in every nook and corner of the city, parotta shops with unique sidedishes treat your taste buds in every possible way.

The crowded city has been a ray of hope for many people. Fresh graduates, people who have lost their jobs all of a sudden, people who have always dreamt of starting a business have been warmly welcomed by the city and most of them have been gifted with a bright future here. Hence Chennai is commonly known as “Vandarai Vazha Vaikum Chennai” ( A city that has given a dream life to everyone”). So when you plan for a tour next time have the “City of Hope” at the top of your list.

TRAVELLING

“Life is either a daring adventure, or nothing at all”

– Helen Keller

Travel is defined as the act of going on a trip or going on vacation.A Hodophile is “One who loves to travel.”

Travel is the activity of going from one place to another place. When a person makes the same trip every day to work or school, this type of travelling is usually called “commuting.” Some people travel to other cities as part of their job.

                       “The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page.”

                                      –Saint Augustine

The purpose of travel is connected with building social relationships, opportunities to learn and grow, and commitment. It gives us the chance to be truly engaged in an activity, to develop new skills and to discover new cultures. It brings us closer to ourselves and others.

Travel takes us out of our comfort zones and inspires us to see, taste and try new things. It constantly challenges us, not only to adapt to and explore new surroundings, but also to engage with different people, to embrace adventures as they come and to share new and meaningful experiences with friends and loved ones

                “Once a year, go somewhere you have never been before.”

                                   –Dalai Lama

Travelling is the most important mean of gaining health, happiness, a pleasure. It also helps to develop national unity in everyone. Travel also develops and providing an opportunity to meet new people . Travelling makes us familiar with the vast world outside the narrow space of our homes.

                   “There are no foreign lands. It is the traveler only who is foreign”

                           – Robert Louis Stevenson

SEBI: Securities and Exchange Board of India

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulatory body for securities and commodity market in India under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Finance , Government of India. It was established on 12 April 1988 and given Statutory Powers on 30 January 1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992.

Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was first established in 1988 as a non-statutory body for regulating the securities market. It became an autonomous body on 30 January 1992 and was accorded statutory powers with the passing of the SEBI Act 1992 by the Indian Parliament. SEBI has its headquarters at the business district of Bandra Kurla Complex in Mumbai and has Northern, Eastern, Southern and Western Regional Offices in New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, and Ahmedabad respectively. It has opened local offices at Jaipur and Bangalore and has also opened offices at Guwahati, Bhubaneshwar, Patna, Kochi and Chandigarh in Financial Year 2013–2014.

The SEBI is managed by its members, which consists of the following:

*The chairman is nominated by the Union Government of India.
*Two members, i.e., Officers from the Union Finance Ministry.
*One member from the Reserve Bank of India.
*The remaining five members are nominated by the Union Government of India, out of them at least three shall be whole-time members.

SEBI has to be responsive to the needs of three groups, which constitute the market:

*issuers of securities
*investors
*market intermediaries

SEBI has three powers rolled into one body: quasi-legislative, quasi-judicial and quasi-executive. It drafts regulations in its legislative capacity, it conducts investigation and enforcement action in its executive function and it passes rulings and orders in its judicial capacity. Though this makes it very powerful, there is an appeal process to create accountability.

MARITAL RAPE

Marital rape is defined as any unwelcome sexual act conducted by a spouse without consent or consent obtained by force or threat of force, intimidation, or any other threat. Intercourse, anal or oral sex, forced sexual behaviour with other individuals, and other sexual practises deemed painful and unwelcome by the victim are examples of these sexual actions. It should be mentioned that in marriage, if a woman consents to sexual intercourse owing to any of the threats, this is still counted as NO.

According to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code, marital rape is not legally forbidden if the lady is over the age of 15. It is only illegal when the lady is required by law to live apart from her spouse. Marital rape is not illegal in India because it is founded on historical myths that the spouse has full rights even if his wife does not consent. In truth, investigations and research have shown that marital rape has an identical long-term effect on the mentality of women, as well as physical effects.

Short-term mental impacts may include anxiety, shock, acute terror, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Long-term consequences frequently include inappropriate eating, sleep issues, depression, and increasing negative thoughts about oneself. While the bodily symptoms may include private organ injury, discomfort, ripped muscles, and vomiting. Women who have been raped may suffer from fractured bones, black eyes, bloody noses, and knife wounds as a result of the sexual violence.

Marital rape is something that has to be criminalised under the IPC, but it has not yet been criminalised. According to statistics acquired in 2015-16, approximately 5.4 percent of women reported to have suffered marital rape, which is less than the 9 percent in 2005-06, but it must be criminalised. These figures are far from accurate because this is something that not every woman can express. Furthermore, this may occur numerous times with the same lady.

It’s not like people didn’t raise their voices in opposition to the Section 375 exception. It has been observed that for many years, activists, civil society, and people in general have been calling for marital rape to be criminalised, but it doesn’t appear that it will happen soon, because the Indian Government believes that the Indian population is uneducated to understand this law, so it will not be implemented. According to a 2014[1] survey performed by the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in 8 Indian states, one-third of men acknowledged to forcing a sexual act on their wives or partners. In fact, the bulk of sexual abuse reported by women occurs within the confines of the marriage.

Various communities, NGO’s, the RIT FOUNDATION, and others have raised their voices over the years. In 2011, a marital rape case was reported to the Delhi High Court, and the Centre advised the Delhi High Court that criminalising marital rape would destabilise the institution of marriage and make it an easy tool for harassing husbands, resulting in the denial of the appeal in the Delhi High Court. According to the center’s affidavit, criminalising marital rape may lead to its misuse, similar to section 498 A of the IPC, which deals with cruelty to a wife by her husband or his relatives.

In a society where a woman is constantly restricted from going out, staying out, and engaging in other activities, it is not a bad thing to state that not criminalising marital rape is a curse for India. We are attempting to restrict women’s rights in order to protect men’s rights. Women are a part of society, and they play an important role in our economy; therefore, they must have the right to speak out against any such acts (for which her approval is required) conducted by their spouse or anyone else. Women are doing their best in every sector, yet males continue to dominate them, thus there should be a forum where women may talk without fear of being judged.

DEPRESSION

“Depression is living in a body that fights to survive, with a mind that tries to die.”

Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act. Fortunately, it is also treatable. Depression causes feelings of sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed.

There are many possible causes of depression, including faulty mood regulation by the brain, genetic vulnerability, stressful life events, medications, and medical problems.

Depression can affect a person psychologically, it also has the potential to affect physical structures in the brain. These physical changes range from inflammation and oxygen restriction, to actual shrinking. In short, depression can impact the central control center of your nervous system

Research has found that stress caused by sleep deprivation increases signs of aging, such as fine lines, reduced elasticity, and uneven pigmentation. The loss of skin elasticity may also contribute to the formation of bags under your eyes

Depression doesn’t just get in the way of being happy. It can also interrupt your ability to think. It hampers your attention, memory and decision-making abilities. You may find that your executive functions are limited, so you begin having trouble seeing your way through issues.

“The sun is a daily reminder that we too can rise again from the darkness, that we too can shine our own light.”

Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)

Central Bureau of Investigation

• Origin as Special Police Establishment (SPE) – set up in 1941.

• Purpose: Investigate bribery and corruption in
transactions with the War & Supply Department of India during World War II.

Delhi Special Police Establishment (DPSE) Act,1946

• Transferred the superintendence of the SPE to the Home Department.

• Jurisdiction of the DPSE:
 Extended to all the Union Territories.
 Could be extended to the States with the
consent of the State Government.

• 1963 Home Ministry resolution: SPE became the
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)

• Purpose: To investigate
 Serious crimes related to Defence of India, corruption in high places, serious fraud etc.
 Hoarding, black marketing and profiteering in essential commodities.

• At present, employees of public sector undertakings come under CBI purview.

• 1969 nationalisation of the banks: employees of Public Sector Banks come under the ambit of the CBI.
• Superintendence of CBI:
 Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) – for
investigation of offences under the Prevention
of Corruption Act, 1988.
 Department of Personnel & Training (DOPT) in the Ministry of Personnel, Pension & Grievance -for all other matters.

Three divisions of CBI:

• Anti-Corruption Division
 Investigates cases under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.
 Against public officials and the employees of Central Govt, PSUs, Bodies controlled by the GoI etc.

• Economic Offences Division
 Investigates major financial scams and serious economic frauds.
 Crimes related to Fake Indian Currency Notes, Bank Frauds and Cyber Crime.

• Special Crimes Division
 Investigates serious, sensational and organized crime under the IPC and other laws.
 Based on the requests of State Govts or on the orders of the SC and High Courts.
• CBI needs the prior consent of State to exercise of powers and jurisdiction in the State.
 SC and HCs can order investigation without the consent of the state.

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