Day: July 18, 2021

Manufacturing Systems

What are Manufacturing Systems?

A collection of integrated equipment and human resources whose function is to perform one or more processing or assembly operations. Manufacturing systems essentially integrates and transform inputs (raw material, labour and machines) into output (final goods and services).

Components of Manufacturing Systems

  • Production machines: Most of the actual assembly work is accomplished by machines or with aid of tools. These machines are classified into- Manual, Semi-automated and Automated machines.
  • Material Handling Systems: Material handling systems include machines that help in loading, unloading of units, positioning of units, transporting and storage of work units.
  • Computer Control Systems: Computer control systems help in controlling the machines by communicating instructions, scheduling production, failure diagnosis, quality control, safety monitoring etc.
  • Human Resources: Human resources are essential to ensure smooth functioning of all systems. They operate and manage systems, monitor the process, ensure all machines are in optimum condition and working properly. In some cases, they even help in loading, unloading and positioning of units.

Types of Production Systems

  1. Intermittent: The flow of production is not continuous i.e., units are produced according to its demand or on order on a small scale in large varieties.
  2. Continuous: Flow of production is continuous and not affected by its demand. Units are produced on a large-scale for stocking and selling.

Intermittent Production System

It can be classified into 3 categories-

  • Project Production
  • Jobbing Production
  • Batch Production

In Project production, company accepts a single, complex order or contract. The order is to be completed within a specified amount of time at estimated cost. Requirement of resources varies with phases of production. In project production, many agencies are involved and interrelated. It is highly flexible but produced in low volume. An excellent example of Project Production is Construction.

In Jobbing Production, company accepts order to produce one or few units of a product strictly as per specifications given by the customer. It is also produced within a specified time at a specified cost. Units are produced in small lots and highly skilled labour is needed. An example of Jobbing Production is Repair and Tailoring services.

Batch Production: ‘Batch’ refers to a single production run according to demand. Batch size is the number of units produced in one batch size. It ranges from 100-1000 units. Every batch requires changes in Machine set-up. For example, daily production of numerous freshly baked goods in a bakery.

Continuous Production System

It can be classified into 2 categories-

  • Mass Production System
  • Process Production System

Mass Production System is also known as Repetitive Manufacturing System. Mainly one or two types of products are produced. Demand of such products is always high. Produced in large quantities and hence, mostly automated and handled by machines. This makes supervision easy. It involves limited work in progress. It also reduces per unit cost of production.

In Process Production System, a single product is produced and stocked. The product is standardised hence, there is hardly any scope for variety or customisation. It involves lower Work-in-Progress. It requires low skilled labour and skilled technicians. Automated/Mechanised systems are used for Material Handling.

Want to be a CYBORG….?

Cyborg can be defined as an organism that has enhanced ability due to the integrated of some artificial components or technology. The concept of a man-machine mixture was widespread in science fiction before World War II. As early as 1843, Edgar Allan Poe described a man with extensive prostheses in the short story “The Man That Was Used Up”. In 1911, Jean de La Hire introduced the Nyctalope, a science fiction hero who was perhaps the first literary cyborg.

Actual cyborgization attempts :
Yuval Noah Harari, a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem said- “ Humans may upgrade themselves to become cyber within the next 200 years merging man and machine to potentially live”. Although many technology companies have announced the plans to fuse machines and humans. The fact is the transformation has already begun. Here are some fascinating example from mankind who are already famous for being part human, part cyborg.

Jens Neumann
He’s the first person to have a completely artificial vision system, Neumann’s electronic eye is connected directly to visual cortex through brain implants enabling him to see lines and shapes. Latest reports say his vision has since then been restored.

Neil Harbisson
The world’s first ‘eye-borg’ to perceive colour as a sound on a musical scale, has an antenna attach it to his skull that converts light waves into sound waves, making it possible for the otherwise colour-blind cyborg artiste to conduct colour concerts, among other things. Also he co-founded the Cyborg foundation to help humans become cyborgs and different cyborg rights.  

Oscar Pistorius
Often called ‘The blade runner’ Pistorius created history as the first double amputee to compete against able body runner at international level in 2007. Since ‘the fastest man on no legs’ has competed at World Championships in Athletics 2011, which he won; Summer Olympics 2012 for able-bodied and won a gold medal at the Summer Para Olympics 2012.

Kevin Warwick
A cybernetics professor at University of Reading (UK ), he is one of the world’s foremost aspiring cyborgs, famous for experimenting with implants, including installing a microchip in his arm which allows him to operate select electrical gadgets.

Jesse Sullivan & Claudia Mitchell
Sullivan is equipped with bionic arm, which is connected through nerve-muscle grafting. But that’s not the real achievement. Sullivan can control the limb with his mind and experience warmth, coolness and the pressure of his grip. Claudia, the world’s first woman cyborg after getting outfitted with bionic limb.

Animal cyborgs

The US-based company Backyard Brains released what they refer to as the “world’s first commercially available cyborg” called the RoboRoach. The project started as a senior design project for a University of Michigan biomedical engineering student in 2010, and was launched as an available beta product on 25 February 2011.

The RoboRoach was officially released into production via a TED talk at the TED Global Conference; and via the crowdsourcing website Kickstarter in 2013, the kit allows students to use micro stimulation to momentarily control the movements of a walking cockroach (left and right) using a Bluetooth-enabled smartphone as the controller. Several animal welfare organizations including the RSPCA and PETA have expressed concerns about the ethics and welfare of animals in this project. In the late 2010s, scientists created cyborg jellyfish using a microelectronic prosthetic that propels the animal to swim almost three times faster while using just twice the metabolic energy of their unmodified peers. The prosthetics can be removed without harming the jellyfish.

BULLYING (Part-2)

How To Deal With Bullying At School?

The psychological damage bullying can cause is immeasurable. Having to go through the same thing again and again really breaks you down. According to statistics, ever seven minutes a child is bullied and 85% of the time there is no intervention (adult intervention-11% and peer intervention-4%). These statistics of adult involvement are dangerously low. In some of the cases parents are unaware that their kid is being bullied and in other, they just don’t interfere. Bullying, in all its forms is equally risky. People, especially kids in school who are susceptible to bullying need to know how they can deal with their bullies. This should be of utmost priority because we cannot let primitive years of a child to be shape up on the basis of someone else’s opinion.

How to handle bullying?

Ignorance is a bliss. Anytime anyone makes you feel uncomfortable or unwanted, it is smart to ignore or just retract yourself from the situation. Don’t dignify the bully with a response. Walk towards a group of people or towards a teacher or someone who would not put up with their act.
Communication is the key. It is always better to let your feelings out especially in case of bullying. Talk to an adult and let them know what you are going through. Kids could either stand up for themselves or they could get an adult involved if the situation gets out of hand. You can also talk to a teacher directly or can report it through an anonymous note. The important thing is to talk it out and report it.
Keep calm and just breathe. Anytime you find yourself loosing your calm over a slur or a comment, just take a deep breath. The bully’s goal is to get into your head and mess with your emotions. Don’t give them that satisfaction. Take few deep breaths and go to your happy place. However, while doing this make sure that you maintain proper eye contact with the bully. This will show them how strong you are and that you are unfazed by their little comments.
Stand up for yourself. After a certain point the situation just gets out of hand and you have a ball of white hot rage inside you. The best idea would be to suppress it and avoid lashing out. Instead, you must firmly make your point without losing your cool. Don’t insult the bully or use physical force, it will only make things worse. Try to handle the situation with maturity. And if you can’t, just talk to someone and let it all out.

As much as it is a child’s duty to inform their parents about their situation, the parents must also look out for signs to see if their child is being harassed at school. Some of the common signs are:
– not wanting to go to school
– having limited or no friends at all
– constantly bad grades
– nightmares
– change in behavior
These are some of the common symptoms parents must look out for in their kids especially if they start a new school or move to a new city.

In order to stop bullying it is necessary that all parties work together. The school, the teachers, the parents and the kids as well. Kids must be made so independent and strong that they are capable enough to fight for themselves and for those who face it. The school must create an open environment where the kids can talk about what they are dealing with. Bullies must be made aware of the impact their statements have on the other person and the receiver must report it so no one else has to deal with it in the future. Teach the kids to act in a calm manner. Don’t fight violence with violence. Being aggressive is not the answer. Make smart decisions and foster a positive environment for those around you.

Zika Virus: A New Threat to Humanity?

Zika virus disease is mainly spread by mosquitoes. For most people it’s a very mild infection and is not harmful. But it may be more serious for pregnant women, and causes birth defects.

Zika outbreaks have been reported in the Pacific region, South and Central America, the Caribbean, Africa, and parts of south and southeast Asia. The virus was first discovered in monkeys in Uganda’s Zika forest in 1947.

Most cases of Zika virus disease are spread by infected mosquitoes biting humans. Unlike the mosquitoes that spread malaria, the Aedes mosquitoes are most active during the day, especially during morning, and late afternoon to dusk.

Most people have no symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they’re usually less and last around 2 to 7 days. General symptoms include rash, itching all over the body, high temperature, headache, joint pain, muscle pain, red eyes (conjunctivitis), lower back pain, pain behind eyes.

To prevent mosquito bites by using insect repellent that contains DEET (N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) on exposed skin after sunscreen has been applied. Always ensure there is no water stagnation at homes and its surroundings. Wearing loose clothing that covers your arms and legs and sleeping under a mosquito net can also help a lot.

Unfortunately, there’s no specific treatment for Zika virus. No vaccine is yet available for the prevention or treatment. Drinking plenty of water and taking paracetamol may help relieve symptoms.

Scientists believe that Zika virus is a cause of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare disorder in which your immune system attacks your nerves, causing weakness and tingling that usually begins in the feet and legs. The weakness can spread quickly and eventually paralyze the whole body if not treated immediately.

Kerala reported the first case of Zika virus in 2021. The first official case of the mosquito-borne viral infection was detected in the blood samples of a 24 year old pregnant woman in Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of Kerala.

The patient was diagnosed and hospitalized at KIMs and the doctors confirmed that the woman is stable. 13 more samples have been sent to the National Institute of Virology in Pune to find traces of the virus. She was suffering from symptoms like fever, joint pain, and skin rashes. Of the 19 samples sent to Thiruvananthapuram, 13 are health workers, doctors and are suspected to be positive. Five more people, including four women, have tested positive for the infection in Kerala yesterday, taking the case count in the state to 28. India had already seen Zika outbreaks in 2017 and 2018, with hundreds of cases reported in western Gujarat and Rajasthan as well as central Madhya Pradesh.

So, is Zika Virus really a threat to humanity? Though it is not fully guaranteed that deaths will not occur because of the virus, the chances of that happening are very rare and uncommon. Most cases have no or very few mild symptoms and a lot of times a person who got the virus will not even be aware that they have the virus or had it at some point of their lives. The virus is however dangerous to new born babies who get it from their virus infected mothers during pregnancy. Therefore, all of us must take necessary precaution to protect us and our surrounding from being a target for the Zika Virus.

General knowledge

General knowledge is very important in everyone’s life. The person without the knowledge is like the bird without the wings. It is very important to know what is happening across the world. So, it is very important to attain the general knowledge. To grab general knowlede, an individual must follow some of the techniques like reading books, articles, magazines, newspapers etc.

The newspaper consists of all the important things like the business purposes, sports, entertainment, some interesting puzzles, Hindi habits, food recipes, Current affairs etc.

Reading newspaper is an important thing because whenever an individual comes across a motivational thing, he or she will be motivated and focuses on the particular aspect. The individual will get to know the current affairs. The person will get a good grip on the general knowledge. solving puzzles improves the skills of the person. Reading about the healthy habits in the newspaper makes the individual to go for good and healthier meals.

Reading newspaper is very important because gives the chance to know what is happening around us. Early in the morning or evening whatever the time maybe, sparing at least 10 to 15 minutes of time on newspaper is a very good habit that an individual can develop.

The newspaper consists of all the important things like the business purposes, sports, entertainment, some interesting puzzles, Hindi habits, food recipes, Current affairs etc.

In one of the other way the individual develops good habits and focuses more on what they are trying to do.

Individual Differences :

Intelligence :

High scores on tests of general knowledge tend to also score highly on intelligence tests. IQ has been found to robustly predict general knowledge scores even after accounting for difference in age, and five factor model personality tarits. However, many general knowledge tests are designed to create a normal distribution of answers, creating a bell shaped curve.

General knowledge is also moderately associated with verbal ability, though only weakly or not at all with numerical and spatial ability. As with crystallized intelligence, general knowledge has been found to increase with age.

Long term semantic memory :

General knowledge is stored as semantic memory. Most semantic memory is preserved through old age, though there are deficts in retrieval of certain specific words correlated with aging. In addition, stress or various emotional levels can negatively affect semantic nemory retrieval.

Personality :

People high in general knowledge tend to highly open to new experiences and in typical intellectual engagement. The relationship between openness to experieñce and general knowledge remains robust even when IQ is taken into account. People high in openness may be more motivated to engage in intellectual pursuits that increase their knowledge. Relationships between general knowledge and other five factor model traits tend to be weak and inconsistent. Though one study found that extraversion and neutroticism were negatively correlated with general knowledge, others found that they were unrelated.

Predictor of achievement :

A number of studies have assesses whether performance on a general knowledge test can predict achievement in particular areas, namely in academics, proofreading and creativity.

Academic achievement :

General knowledge has been found to predict exam results in a study of Britush schoolchildren. The study examined congnitive ability and personality predictors of exam performance and found that general knowledge was positively correlated with GCSE english, mathematics, and overall exam results. General knowledge test scores presicted exam results, even after controlling for IQ, five factor model personality traits, and learning styles.

Proofreading :

General knowledge has been found to robustly predict proofreading skills in univeristy students. A study found that proofreading had a larger correlation with general knowledge than with general intelligence, verbal reasoning, or openness to experience. In a multiple regression analysis using general knowledge, general intelligence, verbal reasoning, five factor personality traits, amd learning styles as predictors, only general knowledge was a significant predictor.

Creativity

General knowledge has been found to have weak associations with measures of creativity. In a study examining contributions of personality and intelligence to creativity, general knowledge was positively correlated with tests of divergent thinking, but was unrelated to a bigraphical measure of creative achievemnet, self- rated creativity, or a composite measure of creativity. The realtionship between general knowledge and divergent thinking became non- significant when controlling for fluid intelleigence.

Game shows and Quizzes :

Many game shows use general knowledge questions for entertainment purpose. Game shows such as who wants to be a Millionarie? and fiteen to one centre their questions on general knowledge, while other shows focus questions more on specific subjects. Some show ask questions both on specific subjects and on general knowledge .

ABHIMANYU- THE WARRIOR PRINCE

In a time before our known history, there was a class of powerful and valorous warriors called kshatriyas. The best among them would typically fight on chariots. These were the ancient equivalents of a tank, moving swiftly in the battlefield, shooting powerful arrows with remarkable accuracy. To put things in perspective, the modern armor- piercing rounds are basically high-velocity arrows. Among these powerful warriors some would achieve perfection in their military skills. They would become so expert in the usage of weapons, that they would be able to fight thousands of other warriors, even if surrounded. They were called “Maharatis” or “great rathis”. Arjuna, Bhisma, Karna, Drona, Bhima are examples of famous Maharatis that performed heroic deeds during the battle of Kurukshetra as described in Mahabharata. However, there is another Maharathi that is less known- Abhimanyu.

Abhimanyu was the son of Arjuna, the great hero of the Mahabharata, and Subhadra, Krishna’s sister. He was personally trained by Krishna and Balrama since a very early age in the military arts and proved to be extraordinarily talented. Even being just 16 years old, he already knew tricks that even his father could not master, like the art of wearing his armor in a loose fashion, so he could close the gaps between the plates in the event of incoming arrows just by subtle movements of his body, making thus his armor impenetrable. In the 13th day of the battle of Kurukshetra, the Kauravas organized their army in a Chakravyuha formation with the goal of capturing King Yudisthira and thus defeating the Pandavas. Part of the plot was to use Susharma to challenge Arjuna and thus lure him to a distant part of the battlefield, neutralizing thus the biggest threat to the plan. In the Chakravyuha, an army is organized as a gigantic moving circle that acts like a Chakra(a sharp circular weapon), penetrating the opposing force with the goal of capturing an specific individual. When properly organized, the movement of the Chakravyuha is considered unstoppable. Using this formation, the Kaurava army was gradually penetrating the Pandavas formation and was about to capture King Yudhisthira who didn’t have the knowledge of how to stop it. If the Kauravas could capture King Yudhisthira, it would mean the end of the war in their favor, just like in a game of chess that ends with the capture of the king.

Abhimanyu volunteered to attack the formation and break it open, opening a path so others could also enter and destroy it from inside. The plan was that Abhimanyu would be followed by Bhima and the other Pandava generals, who would exploit the gap created by him. How to enter the formation was a secret that very few knew. It involved using specific types of weapons at a very complicated timing to exploit the weaknesses of the formation. It was extremely dangerous mission, if the others could not exploit the gap the formation would close and Abhimanyu would be trapped inside.

Abhimanyu advanced, firing different types of arrows, volley after volley. He was firing his arrows at such speed that the Kauravas had the impression of fighting hundreds of Abhimanyus. Using celestial weapons, he was slaying the Kauravas by the thousands, including many powerful generals. In fact, the attack of Abhimanyu was so fierce that he turned the tables, injuring Karna and threatening the life of Duryodhana, forcing the Kaurava warriors to go on the defensive and protect their king.

Review: The Big Bang Theory

The Big Bang Theory, an American sitcom was a hit. It has achieved 8.1/10 on IMDb and 81% on Rotten Tomatoes. Its first episode aired in 2007 and had successfully completed 12 seasons.
The story is based on two physicists who work at the lab in Caltech, Pasadena. Sheldon Cooper who is a theoretical physicist, is one in a generation type of genius. He is a germophobe, introvert ,quirky and wierd person. He is a double PhD and wishes to win a nobel prize one day.
Leonard Hoffstader who is a colleague, bestfriend and roommate of Sheldon, fits in the ‘good guy’ stereotype. He is also a PhD but has emotional issues as his mother didn’t shower love to him in his childhood. He is also wierd but sensible. Until Penny moves in the apartment across the hall and leonard instantly thinks about how their childern will be both goodlooking and intelligent.
Penny moves from Omaha to become an actress and works at the cheesecake factory for a living.
Sheldon and Leonard are also friends with their colleagues Howard Wolowits and Raj Koothrapali.
Howard is an engineer from MIT and lives with his mom. Whereas Raj has moved from India and is an astrophysicist. He is very rich but can’t talk to women unless under the influence of alcohol.
These four friends always do various activities together like play online video games, play dungeons and dragons, visit the comic book store and also go for paintball fight.
Leonard and penny date each other but their relationship has many ups and downs throughout the seasons, until they are happily married.
Penny sets up Howard with her friend Bernadette who is small, beautiful girl with a high pitched voice.
Also, one day Howard and Raj makes an online dating profile of Sheldon to piss him off but instead he meets Amy Farrah Fowler, an introvert, intelligent and wierd neuro scientist who blows off Sheldon’s mind.
Sheldon who always puts labels on everything including the lable maker, does not let anyone sit in his spot, who thinks he’s the only genius person, follows a very particular routine for everything including a particular place they are supposed to eat, and just pisses everyone off with his behavior, which is the starlight of the show.
The show was sometimes shot with live audience and all the scientific things said or written on the show were absolutely correct. The show also got attention because of so many celebrity cameos, including that of Stephan Hawking, Elon Musk, Leonard Nimoy, Will Wheaton, Stan Lee, Bob Newhart and James Earl Jones.
The sitcom shows the ‘Nerd Culture’. Showcasing what introverts go through. Also it has some very powerful positive concepts, where penny and Bernadette earn more than their husbands who are much more educated and still this thing doesn’t bother the male ego. And no matter how much Sheldon get on the nerves of everyone, they know he isn’t hurting them intentionally and so they understand him and love him with all his flaws, just how good friends should do. A good group of friends makes life much more tolerable.
Lastly the Scientific theories, use of technology, games, are very informative. Besides watching the sitcom, its beneficial for our personal growth and knowledge. 

MONEY HEIST : A Phenomenal Thrilling Series

Money Heist LACASA DE PAPEL is one of the phenomenon series I have watched with never ending suspense, romance, crime and adventure. I literally binge-watched entire seasons non-stop with snack breaks. The Dali masked and red jumpsuits, had great impacts around the world symbol of “THE RESISTANCE”. Its hard to give an idea how captivating and binge-watch this show is.There are loads of surprising plots and twists to keep you on the edge.

This is a show about a group of robbers who take the near impossible task of robbing ” The Bank Of Spain”. Everything revolves around robbing the bank with ‘THE PERFECT PLAN’ by mastermind being “The Professor” [Alvaro Morte]. What makes this intresting is the depth of the characters with flaws but still you will make an instant emotional connection with them.

There are some good looking and wonderful actors, Alvaro Morte[The Professor], Alba Flores[Nairobi]. My personal favourite is Tokyo[Ursula Corbero], the most volatile character in the show. She seems like she is going to ruin the whole plan at any moment but she has her own ideas to make show more thrilling. She keeps you high and glued to edge of yor seat. She has a great suspense coming in every minurte.

There are two heist set which has push the bar to the heighest and the show is intriguing and more than worthy enough to watch.

SEASON 1: PART 1 AND 2 [2017]

It begins with a failed bank robbery by a woman “Tokyo” by ” Professor” saves her from police. The heist begins on the Royal Mint Of Spain in Madrid. The eight robbers are plced aby “Mastermind’ dressed in red jumpsuits and wearing a dali mask. Flashbacks througout series show the five month preparation in Toledo.The first season revolves around ROYAL MINT ,hostages,voilence,romance and mutiny. The season is about how will the robbers safe their life and escape from Royal Mint , will the professor will be caught. The drama and never ending suspense continues and hold you till end.

SEASON 2: PART 3 AND 4 [2019-20]

It begins with the story will the robbers live or die. It has great suspense about the life’s of robbers,hostages and the”Professor”. What is the story ahead of robbers and hostages, is the story of survival or revenge?.

There are some very emotional moments. Emotional moments does not mean sad but passionate anger, love making, anger, compassion, loosing someone dear, victory, failure, etc. There is this beautiful cheering song “Bella Ciao”. It is the soul of the show thats holds everything beautifully. It has a very catchy suspense that keeps lingering in your head. It is like songs that you can’t avoid while doing anything.

I can’t say anymore without revealing any spoilers. You don’t want me to do that, do you ? So, I would recommend you to watch this, if you haven’t, tell me your favourite character in comments below.

I hope you are staying safe, in your homes, stay strong anf lots of power to you.

Thankyou for reading! 🙂

REINVENT YOURSELF: A chance to improve…

“IF YOU THINK YOU ARE BETTER NOW, DON’T FORGET THERE IS SOMEONE, SOMEWHERE BEST THAN YOU.”

In life we always have reasons and excuses to hide our mistakes and weakness but, when it comes to our personality and lifestyles we always had new ideas to be best. Reinventing does’nt mean to change your life for society or people but, to change your weakness and to improve your life, habits and living for yourself.

IT’s NEVER LATE TO BE BETTER THAN WHAT YOU ARE…

There are people with a reason that ‘we are happy for what we are, we don’t have to change ourself for others.’ Yes, I admire their thoughts and confidence and I am one of them only. With time i realised it’s wrong to change yourself for others but, there is nothing wrong in improving ourself to be a better personality. There is difference between changing and improving and everyone has to know and realise it sooner or later. You don’t have to be one of ‘them’, you have to better own self and choose your way to be better. Just like a fis moving out of crowd to another pond for own survival and betterment.

AN EMPTY START IS BETTER THAN STICKING TO CROWD…

I am not asking you to leave your society and move alone but, to start a step to improve your bad habits, weakness, persona and life to be better and trust me you will find new ‘You’ and there will people wanting to be like you. If improving yourself is better than changing yourself so do not hesitate to take a step. Explore now and start a day with one thought to improve yourself so that, you can reinvent the hidden better ‘You’.

A STEP FORWARD IS KEY TO YOUR BETTER SELF…

“IT’S NEVER LATE TO BE BETTER”…

THANK YOU :]

Women in vedic period

Status of women in vedic period

Abstract 

During vedic period women were enjoying fair and equal opportunities as the men. Women have the essence of freedom and use their power and status in society.

introduction  

Vedic period was that time when vedic was the centre of every action, reaction and activities. People follow the rule and regulation of vedas. They read them and work according to them. There are four vedas

  • Rig veda : earliest veda 
  • Yajur veda : veda for prayer
  • Sama veda : veda for singing 
  • Atharva veda: veda for medicine.

. Everyone had the right to live with dignity irrespective of their caste and gender. The vedic period was the period when women had the rights to do anything according to their needs and interests. In this article we are going to highlight some sectors to discuss the status of women during the vedic period. 

The sectors are

  • Education 
  • Marital rights
  • Social status
  • Economics rights
  • Political status 

Education 

During the vedic period women had the right of  education. In vedic period education is considered a source which helps an individual to attain self-knowledge, self reliant and self confidence. For a better society it was really important that every individual should be educated and attain spirituality. Women were also given a chance to get education. In vedic period there was no existence of child marriage. And education was the must for the women too. Samaveda, atharva veda, house management,cooking, running horses and using swords- that all were the subjects in teaching. Women can continue their studies without getting married. Gargi, vak apala Ghosa, Kakhivati Surya Savitri, Indrani, Shradha Kamayani, Yami Shachi, Poulomi, Urvashi etc. many more were the female educators. 

Marital right

During vedic period child marriage does not exist. Women were getting married when they were physically mentally and emotionally ready. Women had the right to choose their husband. They can have inter caste marriages too. Women can marry anyone with her choices. Partichary was still there but women have their own status. If a woman did not want to marry and spend her life alone it would be ok with society. There Were no sati pratha during the vedic period. Widow remarriage was acceptable. 

Social status

In vedic period women had freedom to express their views. Women can speak in public and give suggestions and opinions in society. Women can participate in any social function and competitions. Women enjoy a high status in society during the vedic period. Women also advise men on social matters.

Economic rights

There was no gender inequality between men and women during the vedic period. Unmarried daughter had equal shares in properties as the son. Married women have financial support from her husband. But the rights were limited. 

Political status.

Women had the right to participate in sabha and can pass the order in absence of higher authorities. Women could rule the throne if there were no sons. Women had the right to make decisions on political issues.  They have the right to express their thoughts in the sabha and can put the question to the higher authorities. Women have a prestigious and fair position in politics during the vedic period. Manu the father of political theory considers the women as reliable and subordinates.

Conclusion

During the vedic period women have the right to education, martial rights and have a prestigious position in society. There was no oppression against the women. They had equal rights. In vedic period a man was considered half without his wife. The women were ardhangi and gerhswamni, which means half body part and the owner of the house. Women have limited economic rights. Marriage was a choice for women in vedic period. 

Vedic period was a golden and feminine era for women.

References 

A Guide To Effectively Communicate In The Workplace

Communication is the key to efficient work environment in the workplace. Effective workplace communication is required to achieve certain company goals. Ideas and information have to be accurately delivered to the coworkers to avoid confusion and ensure smooth working. Communication at work helps with team building and productivity. Leading a team entails effective communication and leadership. Outstanding communication paves a path to excellent leadership at work. When working with coworkers, a single perspective does work, everyone’s ideas and perspective together produce quality work. Effective communication leads to success and meets organizational goals. Nowadays, communication skills are given more priority than managerial skills because communication leads to successful management. To communicate effectively with your coworkers these tips will help you.

  • Verbal Communication

Verbal communication is effective for building better relations with your coworkers. You can communicate by asking if they need help with something or ask if they are facing any problem.

  • Provide clear information

Plan the information or message you want to deliver to certain person and accordingly send the message with suffice information for the other person to understand because haphazard emails will create miscommunication. When working in an office, information should be clearly passed on to another person. If not passed on aptly, it will cause confusion.

  • One-on-one Communication

In a team, not all members can understand the instructions properly, considering each members own grasping capacity. One-on-one communication provides clear instruction in such a scenario. Everyone faces issues with specific team members regarding their work progress or other actions, one-on-one meetings are always effective to resolve these problems. It also works when a team member is uncomfortable with group meetings.

  • Visual Presentation

Visuals help team members to understand the work with more clarity. Power point presentations should be used to communicate properly. Pictures, videos or sound effects can be used for presentations.

  • Be careful with your body language

Pleasant body language delivers your message in a better way. Always sit straight and maintain an eye contact. Smile and use handshakes for good communication with your team.

  • Ask questions

Every conversion is said to be effective when others listening to it are engaging and responsive. Asking questions help you get better understanding of the conversion. Avoid asking questions not associated with the subject you are discussing.

  • Encourage open meetings

Open discussions encourage open communication with your team members, where everyone has an equal opportunity to communicate their ideas. This will provide a open environment to everyone including introverts.

  • Always listen

Don’t talk all by yourself. Allow others to talk and interact with the team. This helps in better building better relations with your team and opens you to better guidance.

  • Appreciate your team members

Whenever you feel that your team members have done an excellent job and are on the right track, appreciate their good work. Don’t hesitate to praise their work. This way members feel appreciated for the work they do.

  • Encourage regular feedbacks

Feedbacks are important to understand where you need improvement in your communication style. Ask for feedbacks to know whether your instructions are correctly communicated.

15 dead as heavy rain hits Mumbai

Incessant overnight rains threw parts of Mumbai out of gear on Sunday with the city witnessing severe waterlogging, disruption of local train services and vehicular traffic.

At least 15 people were killed and four others injured in two separate incidents of landslide and house collapse in Mumbai following the heavy rains that lashed the city.

Following the incessant overnight rain in the city, 12 were killed and two others were injured after a retaining wall collapsed in New Bharat Nagar in Mahul. Three others were killed after few huts collapsed in Surya Nagar in Panchsheel Chawl in Vikhroli east.

The downpour has caused heavy flooding in low-lying areas of Chunabhatti, Sion, Dadar, and Gandhi Market, Chembur and Kurla LBS Road

The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) which is conducting the rescue operation in Vikhroli, said, “The landslide damaged 15-20 huts constructed at the base of a hillock. There are still over 15 people likely to be trapped under the debris.”

Continuous downpour overnight threw parts of Mumbai out of gear on Sunday with the city witnessing severe waterlogging, disruption of local train services and vehicular traffic. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued a red alert for Mumbai in the backdrop of heavy rains, a BMC official said.

Three others were killed after few huts collapsed in Surya Nagar in Panchsheel Chawl in Vikhroli east.

Haaland reflects on ‘sad’ Sancho transfer to Man Utd

Erling Haaland has been reflecting on Jadon Sancho’s £73 million ($101m) move to Manchester United, with the Borussia Dortmund striker “sad” to see a productive source of assists heading through the exits.

A switch to Old Trafford for an England international winger has been mooted for some time, with the Red Devils finally getting a deal done this summer as they tie up the loose ends required to get a talented 21-year-old on board.

Dortmund were reluctant sellers and are disappointed to have seen a prized asset slip their net, with prolific Norwegian frontman Haaland among those now looking to form another partnership that will deliver the same end result.

With an England international winger returning to his homeland at Old Trafford, a Norwegian frontman needs another source of assists

What is IT product companies and IT service company?

 

What is IT product  ?

A product based company has its own product, it can be either one or it can have more than multiple products. But the product based company works for itself and sells its product in the market itself. Product based company gives the product to the consumer to use. Like Google’s product, it does not work for any company but works directly on direct users. You will mostly see that the product based company business is the customers who reach the direct customers. And there are also companies such as Cisco, Adobe, which customers are big businesses, as if they have made a product, then the customer will also use it. This is  called product based companies.

What is IT service?

Information technology service management are the activities that are performed by an organization to design, build, deliver, operate and control information technology services offered to customers Like Wipro and many such companies work for many big banks, this is called a service based company.

Difference between IT product companies and IT service company?

WORK ENVIRONMENT

PRODUCT  BASED SERVICE  BASED
Small TeamsLarge Teams
Employees From Good CollegeEmployees From Average Colleges.
Chill LifeRegulated Life
Friendly EnvironmentCompetitive Environment
Ownership Of Work Work Is Assigned To You
No Dress Code Wear Formals 
Latest Technology IsOlder Technologies
Cultures Of InnovationDeadline Based Culture
Lunch, Snacks, Team OutingNo Lunch No Snack No Team Outings

LEARNING

PRODUCT BASED SERVICE BASED
Training is not as good as services based companies.excellent training programs for overall development
Good Projectsproject quality varies a lot
in depth learning as you spend years on one project.first paced so you don’t get time to go in depth
No bench conceptyou may spend long time on bench
men tors are helpful and knowledgeable.no mentor concept you learn from everyone around you
development projectmore maintenance/support projects

SALARY AND WORK

PRODUCT BASEDSERVICE BASED
high package low package
slow change in designationfast growth
low competition high competition
no onsite chancesonsite chances

OFFICE TIMINGS

PRODUCT BASED SERVICE BASED
flexiblestrict timing
work from homecomplete 9 hours
you get paid extra if you come on weekendsno extra compensation for weekend work
free dinner if you still lateno free dinner
no night shiftsnight shift

JOB SECURITY

PRODUCT BASEDSERVICE BASED
low in established companies like intel, MacAfee, cisco, amazongenerally low
high in startup due to product failures like Oyo, ola, flipchart, snap dealthey keep people on bench and only if you do not get a project for more than six month you may get fired.

FOREIGN TRIPS

PRODUCT BASED SERVICE BASED
VERY LOWHIGH

WHICH ONE TO JOIN?

PRODUCT BASEDSERVICE BASED
if you are a good developer if you are not very good in coding
not good soft skills good soft skills
if you are self drivingneed guidance
if you are innovativedo work properly based on deadline
single domain workmulti domain work
if you want high salaryif you are not able to get into product based companies

LIST DOWN ANY 5 POSITIONS OFFERED BY IT PRODUCT COMPANIES AND KEY SKILLS REQUIRED FOR THE POSITIONS

  1. IT TECHNITION
    • PRIMARY DUTIES: an it technician collaborates with support specialists to analyze and diagnose computer issues. They also monitor processing functions, install relevant software and perform tests on computer equipment and applications when necessary. They may also train a companies employees client and other users on a new program of functions as well.
    • REQUIREMENT: IT technicians must earned an associate degree in information technology or a Bachelor’s degree in computer science or networking. Technicians render services for IT companies depending on the industry they choose to work in and may need to learn more about database programming to give themselves an advantage in an entry-level- role.
  2. Computer scientist
    • Primary duties: A computer scientist applies their technological skills and resources to solve IT problems for businesses. They write new software to complete tasks in a quick and efficient period as well as develop new functions that can be of use for employees or clients.
    • Requirements: Some computer scientists may also be application developers who help program software to serve users. IT companies heavily rely on computer scientists to create new programming languages and bolster the efficiency of hardware and software programs
  3. Software engineer
    • Primary duties: Software engineers apply their knowledge of mathematics and computer science to create and improve new software. They may work on enterprise applications, operating systems and network control systems, which are all examples of software that can be used to help businesses scale their IT infrastructure
    • Requirements: Most computer scientists need both a bachelor’s and a master’s degree to become experts in software development and maintenance. They learn and practice skills in technical problem-solving, diagnosis, troubleshooting and programming languages.
  4. Computer programmer
    • Primary duties: A computer programmer is someone who writes new computer software using coding languages like HTML, JavaScript and CSS. Video game software can be updated to improve online gameplay, which is an opportunity for programmers to troubleshoot problems experienced by gamers after the game is released to the general public
    • Requirements: A programmer typically completes a Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Science and an internship to build their skills. Certifications are also strongly encouraged, and there are many coding academies to choose from.
  5. Web developer
    • Primary duties: Web developers design the appearance, navigation and content organization of a website. They use coding languages such as HTML, CSS and JavaScript to manage graphics, applications and content that address a client’s needs
    • Requirements: Many web developers earn an Associate Degree in Web Development or another relevant IT field. Some may pursue a Bachelor’s Degree in IT or another business field. Others may develop their web design skills through certificate programs or self-paced learning. To secure employment, previous experience and a portfolio of work are often required

Chelsea line up £50m Lewandowski move

Poland star is top priority after failure to land Haaland.

Chelsea are preparing a bid to tempt Robert Lewandowski away from Bayern Munich, claims the Sun. 

Lewandowski is now the Blues’ top target in attack after they failed in their efforts to sign Erling Haaland, and hope a bid worth £50 million will convince Bayern to sell the 32-year-old.