Plastic bags are a major cause ofpollution. Plastic as a substance is non-biodegradable and thus plastic bags remain in the environment for hundreds of years polluting it immensely. It has become very essential to ban plastic bags before they ruin our planet completely. Many countries around the globe have either put a ban on the plastic bag or Levi tax on it. However, the problem hasn’t been solved completely because the implementation of these measures hasn’t been as successful.

Problems Caused by Plastic Bags

Here are some of the problems caused by plastic bags:

Non-Biodegradable

Plastic bags are non-biodegradable. Thus, disposing of the plastics is the biggest challenge. T

Deterioration of Environment

They are destroying nature due to their harmful effect. Plastic bags have become the main cause of land pollution today. The plastic bags entering into the water bodies are a major cause of water pollution. Hence we can conclude that these are deteriorating our environment in every possible way.

Harmful for Animals and Marine Creatures

Animals and marine creatures unknowingly consume plastic particles along with their food. Research shows that waste plastic bags have been a major reason for untimely animal deaths.

Cause of Illness in Humans

The production of plastic bags releases toxic chemicals. These are the main cause of serious illness. The polluted environment is a major reason for various diseases which are spreading easily in human beings.

Clogged Sewage

Waste plastic bags are the main reason for trapping the drains and sewers, especially during rains. This can result in a flood-like situation and disrupt the normal life of people.

Reasons to Ban Plastic Bags

There are numerous reasons why the government of various countries has come up with strict measures to limit the use of plastic bags. Some of these include:

• Waste plastic bags are polluting the land and water immensely.
• Plastic bags have become a threat to the life of animals living on earth as well as in water.
• Chemicals released by waste plastic bags enter the soil and make it infertile.
• Plastic bags are having a negative impact on human health.
• Plastic bags lead to the drainage problem.

Public Support for Plastic Bag Ban

Although the Indian government has imposed a ban on the usage of plastic bags in many states. But people are still carrying these bags. Shopkeepers stop providing plastic bags for few days only in the beginning.

It is time when we all must contribute our bit to make this ban a success. Thus we the educated lot of society must take it as our responsibility to stop using plastic bags. In this way, we can support the government in this campaign.

Christmas is a well-known Christian holiday set in December, celebrated the world over and famed for its decorations and Santa Clause. The Christmas means  “Feast day of Christ”.It is a yearly celebration marking Jesus Christ’s birth; it is observed on the 25th of December as a cultural and religious celebration among a lot of people all over the world. Christmas is celebrated in all Christian countries but there are differences in the way each nation celebrates this date.

History Behind Christmas

The history of Christmas is one that dates back to a very long time; the first Christmas was celebrated in 336 A.D. in Rome. It played a very important role during the famed Arian controversy that took place in the 300s. During the early years of the middle age, epiphany overshadowed it.

Christmas was brought back to limelight around 800 A.D. when the emperor Charlemagne received the crown on Christmas day. During the 17th century, the Puritans had Christmas banned because it was associated with drunkenness and different other misbehavior.

It was made a proper holiday around 1660 but was still quite disreputable. Around the early 1900s, the Oxford movement of the Anglican Communion church started and this led to the revival of Christmas.

Preparations for Christmas

Christmas is a cultural festivity that entails a lot of preparations. It is a public holiday and so people get a Christmas break to celebrate it.

Preparations for Christmas start early for most people so that celebrations begin on the eve of Christmas. Preparations for Christmas involves a lot of activities. People usually buy decorations, food, and gifts mostly for children in the family and friends. Some families shop for matching Christmas outfits for everyone.

The common preparations include decorations of the place with Christmas trees, lighting. Before decorations begin, the house must be deep cleaned. The Christmas tree brings the Christmas spirit in homes.

Presents are placed under the Christmas tree in wrapped gift boxes and are not to be opened until Christmas day. The church is also decorated for the special event. Thorough cleaning of the churches is also done to usher in Christmas. Songs and skits to be performed on Christmas day.

People usually spend a lot on Christmas and so saving money for these plans should be the earliest preparation among all these. Families also plan to travel to stay together during this celebration period. Traditionally turkey is the common meal across the world in this day. Cards are also written to friends and family to wish them a happy holiday and to show love.

Christmas Day Celebration

Christmas carols are played on radios and televisions to mark the day. Most families start by going to church where performances and songs are done. Then later, they join their families to exchange gifts and celebrate with food and music. Happiness during Christmas is like no other.

Homemade traditional plum cakes, cupcakes, and muffins are the special treats on Christmas. Kids are showered with lots of presents and new dresses. They also get to meet the ‘Santa Claus’, dressed in a fluffy red and white costume, who greets them with hugs and gifts.

Conclusion:

Christmas reminds us of the importance of giving and sharing with friends and family. Through Christmas, we know that Jesus birth is the beginning of great things in the world. It is generally an opportunity to think about nature and the reason for our existence. Christmas is such a festival which people from all religions and faith celebrate worldwide despite it being a Christian festival. It is the essence of this festival which unites the people so much.

Looking at the age when a man led a life like a savage, we notice how far we have come. Similarly, the evolution of mamkind is truly commendable. One of the major driving forces behind this is science. It makes you think about the wonder of science and how it has proven to be such a boon in our lives. Most importantly, science has helped develop a great civilization . All the advancements that man has been able to make are with the help of science only. However, it won’t be wrong to say that science is a two-edged sword. It comes with its own set of advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages of Science

To say that science has a lot of benefits would be an understatement. The benefits of science do not just limit to one sphere, but it has proven useful in various spheres of the world. When we talk about innovations in science and engineering, electricity is the first thing that comes to mind. It has helped power the world through its development.

That is to say, all the credit goes to science, as it weren’t for science, life in the 21st century would be impossible. After all, it is quite hard to imagine a world without computers, television, automobiles and more. In addition, science has contributed largely to the medical field as well.

It has helped cure deadly diseases and also perform surgeries which were hard to perform before. Therefore, science has changed the world in unimaginable ways.

Disadvantages of Science

As the saying goes ‘there is no rainbow without rain’, similarly science has drawbacks of its own. One must always remember that anything in excess is poison, and science is no different. If it falls into evil hands, it can cause destruction on a massive level. For instance, science is used to create nuclear.

In conclusion, we can say that surely science is very beneficial to the modern man. But, innovations and discoveries have also become destructive in various ways for mankind.

Conclusion

Therefore, it must be properly used for the greater benefit of mankind. We must ensure the wise use of these scientific inventions in order to save the world from the evil side of science. As Dr A.P.J. kalam once stated that science is a beautiful gift to humanity, we must not distort it, likewise, we must live by this quote and monitor the utilization.

Anandibai Gopalrao Joshi, first Indian female doctor was born on 31 March 1865, originally named Yamuna, she was born and raised in Kalyan, her family uses to be landlords before experiencing financial losses, due to pressure from her mother and practice she was married at the age of nine with Gopalrao Joshi, a widower 20 years elder than her worked as a postal clerk in Kalyan, after marriage she was renamed her Anandi by her husband .he was a progressive thinker so he supported education for girls at that time.
AnandiBai gave birth to a boy at the age of fourteen, but due to lack of medical care, the child died after ten days of his birth, which made a turning point in Anandibai’s life, inspired her to be a physician, as Gopalrao tried to enroll her to a missionary school and couldn’t succeed so he moved to Calcutta, where she learned to read and speak English and Sanskrit.

In 1880, as she was encouraged by her husband to study medicine, he sent a letter to Royal Wilder, an American Missionary stating his wife’s interest in studying medicine in the United States and also requesting a post for himself in the US, Wilder published correspondence in Princeton’s Missionary Review, Theodicia Carpenter of Roselle, New Jersey impressed by the review then she wrote to Anandibai they become close friend, Carpenter later would host Anandibai in Rochelle during her stay in the US.
While Anadibai was in Calcutta, her health was declining ad Gopalrao was transferred to Serampore, so despite her poor health he convinced Anandibai to go by herself to the US and set an example for women for pursuing higher education.

Suggested by a physician couple, she applied to the Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania, she traveled to New York from Kolkata on the ship. She began her medical training at the age of 19, because of cold and irregular diet out there she contracted tuberculosis, somehow she graduated wth medical degree in Mach 1886, her thesis topic was “Obstetrics among the Aryan Hindoos” it got utilized references from both Ayurvedic texts and American Medical textbooks.

Queen Victoria congratulated her on her Graduation, on her return to India she received a grand welcome, the princely State of Kolhapur appointed her Physician -in -charge of the female ward of the Albert Edward Hospital.
She died of Tuberculosis on 28 February 1887 in Pune, she was in treatment but those were not working she kept studying medicine till death, She got fame for her determination and Hardwork, to become the first women to study western medicine.

 we are going to discuss what technology is, what are its uses, and also what technology can do? First of all, technology refers to the use of technical and scientific knowledge to create, monitor, and design machinery. Also, technology helps in making other goods that aid mankind.

Familiarity between Technology and Science

As they are completely different fields but they are interdependent on each other. Also, it is due to science contribution we can create new innovation and build new technological tools. Apart from that, the research conducted in laboratories contributes a lot to the development of technologies. On the other hand, technology extends the agenda of science.

Vital Part of our Life

Regularly evolving technology has become an important part of our lives. Also, newer technologies are taking the market by storm and the people are getting used to them in no time. Above all, technological advancement has led to the growth and development of nations.

Negative Aspect of Technology

Although technology is a good thing, everything has two sides. Technology also has two sides one is good and the other is bad. Here are some negative aspects of technology that we are going to discuss.

Exhaustion of Natural Resources

New technology requires new resources for which the balance is disturbed. Eventually, this will lead to over-exploitation of natural resources which ultimately disturbs the balance of nature.

Unemployment

A single machine can replace many workers. Also, machines can do work at a constant pace for several hours or days without stopping. Due to this, many workers lost their job which ultimately increases unemployment.

Information Technology

This technology involves the use of telecommunication and computer to send, receive and store information. Internet is the best example of Information technology.

today, everything we use in our daily life is a gift of technology and without which we cannot imagine our lives. Also, we cannot refuse the facts that it has caused severe damage to our surroundings.

What is child labour?

Defining child labour:

Not all work done by children should be classified as child labour that is to be targeted for elimination. Children’s or adolescents’ participation in work that does not affect their health and personal development or interfere with their schooling, is generally regarded as being something positive. This includes activities such as helping their parents around the home, assisting in a family business or earning pocket money outside school hours and during school holidays. These kinds of activities contribute to children’s development and to the welfare of their families; they provide them with skills and experience, and help to prepare them to be productive members of society during their adult life.

The term “child labour” is often defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development. It refers to work that:

•Is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children; and/or

•Interferes with their schooling by: depriving them of the opportunity to attend school; obliging them to leave school prematurely; or requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work.
Whether or not particular forms of “work” can be called “child labour” depends on the child’s age, the type and hours of work performed, the conditions under which it is performed and the objectives pursued by individual countries. The answer varies from country to country, as well as among sectors within countries.

The worst forms of child labour:

The worst forms of child labour involves children being enslaved, separated from their families, exposed to serious hazards and illnesses and/or left to fend for themselves on the streets of large cities – often at a very early age.

Whilst child labour takes many different forms, a priority is to eliminate without delay the worst forms of child labour as defined by Article 3 of ILO Convention No.182 :

•All forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour, including forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict;

•The use, procuring or offering of a child for prostitution, for the production of pornography or for pornographic performances;

•The use, procuring or offering of a child for illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs as defined in the relevant international treaties;

•Work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children.

Hazardous child labour:

Hazardous child labour or hazardous work is the work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children.
Guidance for governments on some hazardous work activities which should be prohibited is given by Article 3 of ILO Recommendation No.190 :

•Work which exposes children to physical, psychological or sexual abuse;

•Work underground, under water, at dangerous heights or in confined spaces;

•Work with dangerous machinery, equipment and tools, or which involves the manual handling or transport of heavy loads;

•Work in an unhealthy environment which may, for example, expose children to hazardous substances, agents or processes, or to temperatures, noise levels, or vibrations damaging to their health;

•Work under particularly difficult conditions such as work for long hours or during the night or work where the child is unreasonably confined to the premises of the employer.

What is life? how is life? why is life like this? why are we living this life? is it necessary to face all this in life?

Often such questions come to our mind, we think a lot about life that we will do this in our life, we will do that But it happens in the life of some people that their dreams are fulfilled and some people’s dreams are not fulfilled.

Many questions come to our minds about life, but we forget that life is the only way to have happiness and sorrow.

Life is a beautiful feeling which we live every moment, be it happy or sad and that becomes the memory. There come many times in life that everything is good in our life, but there also comes a time when bad times come in life and we also break up. At that time we do not understand what to do, there are many people who are not able to face the problem And commit suicide, they think that why we are living this life, we should die He doesn’t even think about his family.

Various forms of life exist, such as plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea, and bacteria. Biology is the science that studies life.

What is life, do we get this life every time? I don’t even know the answer whether we will get this life again or our next birth will be as we want so I will say no, we don’t know anything about tomorrow, we know we are in this life now .This is our family and we have to do whatever we want to do in this birth, we can do whatever we want to do for our family. Yes it is true that when bad times come in life, we lose a lot, but we have to have courage. We have to be the strength of our family, if we are with our loved ones then even the worst time of life goes away.

We don’t need to think anything wrong, whether the time is bad or good, every time we will face all with courage with joy, Whatever happens in life will be seen, but we should not lose heart.

Life is a game to play happily or sadly it's up to us

Whatever we do in life, we get to experience from it and we tell the same to our coming generation. Prepares them to win by fighting the bad times in life. Abiogenesis is the natural process of life arising from inanimate matter, such as simple organic compounds.

Do we know that life first appeared on Earth 4.28 billion years ago, soon after the formation of the ocean, 4.41 billion years ago, The earliest known life forms are microfossils of bacteria. Life on Earth is probably descended from an RNA world, although RNA-based life may not have been the first life to have existed but it is said.

Death is the permanent termination of all biological processes which sustain an organism, and as such, is the end of its life. Extinction is the term describing the dying out of a group or taxon, usually a species. Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of organisms.

And if we have got this life, we should live happily, bad times come in everyone’s life But not everyone thinks of ending this life. That’s why we should enjoy our life happily.