Nearly everyone thinks that to be educated, one must attend a formal school. This belief has led to many being illiterate or semi-literate, as they have been programmed by society to accept that you need a diploma or other degree to be considered educated.

There is more than enough practical and historical proof to debunk people who secretly grade others according to educational qualifications “many” “many” times over. These people believe themselves to be better than one who hasn’t studied in the four walls of a classroom for a higher level degree.

We’ll look at a brief description of people who rocked the world without going through any or a great deal of formal education. We’ll also know what it takes to obtain a formal education, if formal education is necessary at all, and if the current global education system actually improves or hampers knowledge acquisition.

THOMAS EDISON : this guy was expelled from school because his teachers thought he was too slow to learn. After his expulsion, Thomas studied at home from his mother. She taught him to read and write. He worked hard and experimented a lot, until he invented the light buld, motion picture camera, and stock sticker, which the world relies on today.

 

ALBERT  EINSTEIN:- Perhaps the most intelligent people the world has ever seen, this scientist started off his education poorly. In Germany, he only reached the standard of a “bad student” and his results for various entrance examinations were insufficient to get him through. He was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest physicists of all time. Einstein is known for developing the theory of relativity, but he also made important contributions to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics. Relativity and quantum mechanics are together the two pillars of modern physics.

 

 

AISWARYA RAI :- This former Miss World is now one of the greatest actors in the country. She has garnered appreciation and success because of her work in and outside India. Little people know that this successful actor gave up her college education in order to pursue a career in modeling.

 

AZIM PREMJI :- Founder of WIPRO, this is one of the most prominent businessmen in the country. But, I bet you didn’t know that he dropped out of college! He is an Indian business tycoon, investor, engineer, and philanthropist.

 

SACHIN TENDULKAR :- Perhaps the best cricketer ever produced in the world, this Indian has been one of the most successful people in the country. Yet, due to his cricket career, Sachin gave up his education in 1989. Sachin Tendulkar has been the most complete batsman of his time, the most prolific runmaker of all time, and arguably the biggest cricket icon the game has ever known.

 

DHIRUBHAI AMBANI :- He was an Indian industrialist who was the founder of Reliance Industries, a giant petrochemicals, communications, power, and textiles conglomerate that was the biggest exporter in India and the first privately owned Indian company in the Fortune 500. Considered the most successful businessman in the country, this man made “Reliance Industries” what it is from scratch. As a child, Dhirubhai was not a good student and was extremely impatient. Despite being extremely intelligent, he did not do well at school. He gave up education while he was in college to take a job in Aden.

 

MARY KOM :- Mary Kom became the first Indian woman boxer to win a Gold Medal in the Asian Games in 2014 in South Korea and is also the first Indian woman boxer to win gold at the 2018 Commonwealth Games.This ace boxer had to give up her education in order to pursue her career in boxing. She went on to become one of the best female boxers India has ever seen.

 

KAPIL DEV :- Kapil Dev was the greatest pace bowler India has produced, and their greatest fast-bowling allrounder. This former cricketer led the Indian Cricket Team to its World Cup victory in 1983. He is often considered to be one of the best cricketers of India. But, he gave up education between his schooling.

 

BILL GATES:- He is an American business magnate, software developer, investor, author, and philanthropist. He is a co-founder of Microsoft Corporation, along with his late childhood friend Paul Allen.Several times richest man in the world. He dropped out of Harvard, only to later build one of the most successful multi-national corporations of our time.

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🔸️The network topology is the structure or layout of the communication channels that connects the various computers on the network. Each computer in the network is called a node.

🔸️There are a number of factors that determine the topology suitable for a given situation. Some of the important consideration is the type of nodes, the expected performance, type of Wiring (physical link) used and the cost.

🔸️Network can be laid out in different ways. The five common topologies are

🔹️Star
🔹️Ring
🔹️Bus
🔹️Hybrid
🔹️FDDI

🌟Star Network:

🔸️In a star network all computers and other communication devices are connected to a central hub.
🔸️Such as a file server or host computer usually by a Unishielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cables.

💍Ring Network:

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🔸️In a ring network computers and other communication devices are connected in a continuous loop.
🔸️Electronic data are passed around the ring in one direction, with each node serving as a repeater until it reaches the right destination.
🔸️There is no central host computer or server.

🚌Bus Network:

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🔸️In a bus network all communication devices are connected to a common cable called bus.
🔸️There is no central computer or server.
The data transmission is bidirectional.

Hybrid Network:

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A hybrid network is a combination of the above three networks suited to the need.

FDDI Network:

🔸️A FDDI network (pronounced as giddy short for Fiber Distributed Data interface) is a high-speed network using fiber optic cable.
🔸️It is used for high tech purposes such as electronic images, high – resolution graphics and digital video.
🔸️The main disadvantage is its high cost.

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The land of skyscrapers, the land that defined the American dream, was not always the happening place that it is now. 500 years ago it was a world of unbelievable natural wealth, two continents teeming with life, more than 600,000 miles of coastline, pristine waters and dense shoals, countless species, dense stretches of forest, it was a land of stark contrasts. With the lush green jungles in the south, glaciers in the north and the Great Plains of Midwest, there was always room for everyone, the caribou, antelopes, bison, and grizzly bear, there were even huge flocks of pigeons, ducks and geese.

There were flourishing vast civilizations throughout the continent. The Andes cradled a vast civilization ruled by powerful god-kings, there were Mesoamericans, the Atlantic coast filled with smaller villages and fields and the Mississippians, who were farmers, flourished where the Missouri, Illinois and the Mississippi rivers merged. Their staple food was corn, which was at then native to Americans and unknown to the rest of the world.  It was an outcome of their genetic engineering, the domestication of wild teosinte grass that later on became the fuel for their ever-growing population. It played a key role in the flourishing of cultures in America. The greatest empire of them all was the Inca Empire who settled themselves high in the Andes. They grew thousands of verities of tubers including the well-loved potatoes, that they domesticated from their ancestors, some were poisonous and some even carnivorous. The llamas and the turkeys being the most domesticated animals. The Native Americans defined a new agricultural system of burning grass as they believed crops grew faster in burnt grass.

 But in Europe, things are taking a different turn. It was a busy and crowding continent trying to feed a growing population of 100 million people. Natural resources are already exploited and the land is scarce and overworked. Most of the peasants are farmers working in the fields of the royalty or church. Here there is no space for an abundance of wildlife, agriculture and city life pushback the forest line. Christianity, the common religion all over Europe banned eating meat for more than 100 days a year. Leaving behind fish as the main food source. The demand for fish was huge but the supplies were dwindling fast enough. There is an immediate need to quench the thirst of millions of inhabitants.

 The nobles have grown wealthier by trading with the east. Spices, gold, gemstones and silk are the most lucrative goods. But as they lost their silk road to the Turks, foreign trade declined rapidly, the wealth of the royalty was in danger. Rivalries between the princes grew intense, religious fervour, greed and curiosity took widespread. European kings and queens started sending explorers to expand and enhance their powers. Some explorers went around Africa to find the route to India. And Isabella, queen of Spain grew desperate to find new ways to India. She finally agrees to support a seaman from Genova, Italy who envisions to sail west to reach the east. Cristopher Columbus a fervent amateur then had spent five years trying to get financial support from the royalty. The Spanish crown decides to finance three ships. Columbus gathers together a motley crew of 87 men, mostly illiterates, petty criminals, murderers and soldiers. They set sail from the port of Seville in the summer of 1492 promising the queen a world of treasures trade and land.

On October 12^th 1492 Columbus sights land, after three months of search, it is not India but an island in the Caribbean. The air is hot and the water warm, tropical seas to the arid desserts it was nothing that they expected. After seven months queen Isabella is delivered the news she was aching for, land to conquer, converts to Christianity and gold. The news spread like wildfire leaving several Europeans aching to visit the newfound land. In 1493 17 ships arrive in the new land carrying over 1200 Spanish conquistadors. With the horses, they have brought along the Spaniards spread all over the continent. They annihilate empires, the Incas fall to Pizarro and the Aztecs to Cortez within 40 years.

Hernando de Sotto travelled from Florida to Mississippi river. The Spaniards carry with them pigs which are a great source of food. But the wines become a threat for the Native Americans as unfenced fields undergo regular attack. In a Spanish missionaries records, there said to have an epidemic broken out, a sickness of pustules, large bumps spread on people. Smallpox was accidentally introduced to the Americas in the 6^th century. And so smallpox along with influenza and measles wipes out almost ninety percent of the Native American population. Through the trade between the native people, certain diseases like syphilis took a widespread in Europe.

It was the 17^th century that witnessed a new wave of people, the settlers. England had defeated the Spanish and became the new European superpower. In 1607 the British started a new colony in the east coast of North America now known as Virginia. They name it Jamestown after their king.  Many came here in search of religious freedom and a better lifestyle. For the first time women settlers came in bringing with them a whole new way of life. They introduced crops such as wheat. Meat became the cheapest food in the Americas and fur of the wild animals became the biggest export. Most trees were cut down and replaced with the trees they brought along and turned them into pastures and gardens were they grew all kinds of vegetables and fruits. They bring along with them peaches, pears, plums, figs, olives and bananas. The gardens slowly turn into plantations. Apples become a major industry in North America. Not only was it biological imperialism but also a Columbian exchange, European kitchens saw a huge American influence. The British settlers acquired a taste for sugar and tobacco. To satisfy such high demands, huge plantations started sprouting everywhere. Due to the shortage of manual labourers 10 million Africans were transported to America to work at the plantations. These slaves who were brought in were used to cultivate sugar in the Caribbean and Brazil, tobacco in Virginia, rice in South Carolina and cotton in North America.

By the 18^th century, the metamorphosis of America was complete. The creation of the new world almost killed ninety percent of the Native Americans. People from all over the world, from Europe, slaves from Africa took over the place. It is now a place of skyscrapers, chrome and steel cities and is now the melting pot of races. 

Vajrasana

It is a meditative asana. Kneel down on the ground or floor with your knees, ankles and toes touching the ground. Your toes should be stretched backwards. At this time, the breathing should be deep , even and slow . Then expand your chest forward and pull your abdominal portion inwards.

Benefits :

• It is helpful in improving concentration .
• It is helpful in curing dysentery , back pain and chest diseases.
• It enhances memory pow
• It cures the problems related to menstruation .
• It cures mental stress.

Gomukhasana

Sit down on the ground with legs stretched forward. Now fold the left leg at the knee and sit on the left foot. Fold the right leg and keep the right thigh on the left thigh with the help of your hands. Now lift your buttocks and bring the heels of both feet together so that they should touch each other . Now fold your left arm behind the back under the right shoulder. After that bend your fingers of both the hands and clasp each other. At this time your head and back should be erect. Then, repeat the same in reverse position.

Benefits :

• It makes the leg muscles strong and elastic .
• It helps in keeping the shoulder joints healthy, flexible and strong.
• It helps in staying fit and strong.
• Regular practice of this asana helps in the treatment of sciatica.
• It also reduces stress and anxiety.

Pawanmuktasana

Lie down on your back on a plain surface . Keep your feet together and place your arms beside your body. Take a deep breath . When you exhale bring your knees towards your chest. At the same time press your thighs on your abdomen. Clasp your hands around your legs. Hold the asana when you breathe normally. Every time you inhale, ensure that you loosen the grip . Exhale and release the pose after you rock and roll from side to side about 3 times .

Benefits :

• It eases the tension in lower back.
• It enhances the blood circulation in pelvic area.
• It aids weight loss.
• It tones the arm ,leg and buttocks.

Why do we need clothes?

Clothes keep us warm in winter and cool in summer.
In summer, we wear clothes made of cotton. In winter, we wear clothes made of wool or very thick material.
During rainy season, we wear raincoats or use umbrellas which are made of different kinds of cloth.

How are clothes made?

We make different kinds of clothes using different materials. These materials are got from plants and animals.

Cotton

Cotton clothes are made from cotton. Cotton is got from cotton plant.

Cotton is the white hair of the cotton seeds. This hair is used to make cloth.

Silk

The silk worm makes itself a home by covering itself with silk. This cover is made by a secretion from the mouth of the silk worm. This is used to make silk.

Wool

Wool is the hair covering the body of the sheep. The hair is cut and used to make woollen clothes.

Leather and Fur

Leather is skin of animals. It is also used for making clothes.

Fur is the hair of some animals like cats, rabbits, moles, stoat etc. Clothes made of fur are very costly. In very cold places, fur and leather clothes are used. Eskimos living in polar regions wear clothes made of fur and leather only. In other cold countries also, fur clothes are worn. Leather clothes are worn clothes for fashion also.

Other materials

We also make clothes with poly cotton, polyester, terry-cotton and nylon. They are not made from natural materials. They are made of chemical substances. They are light and dry easily when washed.

People belonging to different countries wear clothes made of different materials.

The Myth of Multi-tasking : The ultimate guide to getting more done by doing less Take a second to look at everything in front of you right now . If you’re got at least a few browser windows open ( each one loaded with tabs you need) . Your email inbox is steadily filling up in the background . Slack keeps popping up messages from different teammates . And ofcourse , your phone … In other words , you’re multitasking The problem is , there’s no such thing as multitasking As multiple studies have confirmed , true multi-tasking doing more than one task at the same time is a myth . People who think they can split their attention between multiple tasks at once aren’t doing less , getting more stressed out , and performing worse than those who single-task . “As long as you’re performing complicated tasks that require the same parts of the brain , and you need to devote all that capacity for these tasks , there just aren’t going to be resources available to add anything more.” reforms of multitasking you need be aware of : multi-tasking ( attempting to do two or more tasks simultaneously ) “Once you start to make things more complicated , things get messier , and as a result , there’s going to be interference with one or more of the tasks. Either you’re going to have to slow down on one of the tasks , or you’re going to start marking mistakes” Finally , there’s a type of multi-tasking that few people really talk about : doing multiple different tasks in quick succession . Doing one thing at a time is infinitely is infinitely more productive than multi-tasking . “The ability to think about what is not happening is cognitive achievement that comes at an emotional cost.” MULTITASKING TURNS YOU INTO A SUPER WOMAN .

Tips of effective communication

we all have teacher who were considered “brilliant” but who, nevertheless, were a bore in class or who were unable to engage the students in the classroom. Sharpen your effective communications skills in the classroom and watch how your students become more engaged and your classroom a more fun place to learn. Techers professionally required to be communicative, should be aware of the importance of communication skills is teaching. They must also realize that all students have different strength and weakness. It is only through communication skills that a teacher can introduce creative and effective solutions to the problems of the students. Thus, a teacher can enhance the learning process.

Positive Motivation

This is one of the important things that a teacher must posses. In a class, students always have different kinds of taste and preferences over the subjects. So it is the job of the teacher to create enthusiasm and interest in the minds of a students towards the subjects. It is a teacher’s role to remove any fear and inhibitions that a student may have towards a particular subject.

Effective body language

This is a most powerful communication that a teacher must posses. good presentation skill include a powerful body language supported by verbal skills. This can create a long lasting impression in the minds of the students. Thus, teachers lectures will inevitably become more interactive and interesting for the students. Besides, a teacher should maintains the volume, tone and rhythm of their voice during a lecture.

Sense of humour

This has been often underestimated by the people. A good sense of humour keeps the students active and interested in the teachers class. A teacher who is dour and lacks humour doesn’t contribute to the overall well being of the students.

Understanding the students Psyche

Teachers should encourage students to communicate openly. There should be emphasis on cultivating a dialogue rather than a monologue. So while solving any kinds of problems in the classroom, it is always wise to hear the opinions of their students.