Month: July 2021

Panchayats

Part IX of the Constitution craves a three-fold system of Panchayats namely (a) The village level; (b) The District Panchayats; (c) The intermediate Panchayats which stands between the village and district in the states where the population is above 20lakhs.

Composition:- All the seats in a panchayat shall be filled by a person chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies in the Panchayat area. The electorate has been named ‘gram sabha’ consisting of a person registered in the electoral rolls relating to a village comprised within the area of a Panchayat.

Duration of Panchayat:- Every Panchayat shall continue for five years from the date of its first meeting. But it can be dissolved earlier by the procedure prescribed by the State law. In case it is dissolved earlier, then the elections must be held within 6months of its dissolution.

Qualifications for Membership:- Article 243 F provides that all persons who are qualified to be chosen to the State Legislature shall be qualified to be chosen as a member of a Panchayat. The only difference is that a person who has attained the age of 21 years will be eligible to be a member.

Powers authority and responsibilities of Panchayats:- State Legislatures have the legislative powers to confer on the Panchayats such as powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government [Article 243G- 243H]. They are being authorized with the responsibility of (a) preparation of economic development and social justice plans and implementation of schemes for the same, (b) regarding matters listed in the 11th Schedule. The list contains 29 issues including land improvement, minor irrigation, animal husbandry, fisheries, education, women and child development, etc. The 11th Schedule distributes powers between the State Legislature and the Panchayat.

Powers to impose taxes and Financial resources:- Any State by law may authorize a Panchayat to impose, collect, and appropriate taxes, duties tolls, etc. The law may enact the procedure to be fulfilled as well as the limits of these exactions. It can also appoint to a panchayat various taxes and duties etc. collected by the State Government.

Panchayat Finance Commission:- The date on which the Constitution’s 73rd Amendment came into force and afterward every five years the State Government shall appoint a Finance Commission to review the financial position of the Panchayats and to make recommendations to —

(a) the distribution between the State and the Panchayat of the net proceeds of taxes, duties, tolls, and fees leviable by the State which may be divided between them and how the allocation would be made among various levels of Panchayats.

(b) what taxes, duties, tolls, and fees may be assigned to the Panchayats.

(c) grant-in-aid to the Panchayats.

The report of the Commission, together with a memorandum of action taken on it, shall be laid down before the State Legislature. These provisions are modeled on Article 280 which contains provisions regarding appointment of a Finance Commission for the distribution of finances between the Union and the States.

Bar to interference by Courts in Electoral matters:- As under Article 329, Courts shall have no jurisdiction to examine the validity of a law, relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotments of seats, made under Article 243K.

5 Best Medicinal Plants And Their Uses

1. Aloe vera

-Constipation
-Digestive distress
-Acne
-Poor body immunity

2.Tulasi

-It gives you strength to fight stress
-Promotes a longer life
-Treats cough
-Treats indigestion
-Anti-cancer
-Good for hair loss, heart diseases, diabetes, etc.

3.Mint

-Keeps the digestive system running
-Boosts immunity
-Enhances mood
-Expels cough from the body
-Benefits respiratory health
-Keeps mosquitoes away

4.Fennel

-Treats cough
-Controls cholesterol
-Improves eyesight
-Cure acidity
-Prevents bad breath
-Improves breast milk supply in lactating women

5.Ginger

-Treats indigestion
-Eases headaches
-Controls blood pressure
-Treats cold, cough, flu and asthma
-Relives menstrual pains and cramps

technology

 we are going to discuss what technology is, what are its uses, and also what technology can do? First of all, technology refers to the use of technical and scientific knowledge to create, monitor, and design machinery. Also, technology helps in making other goods that aid mankind.

Familiarity between Technology and Science

As they are completely different fields but they are interdependent on each other. Also, it is due to science contribution we can create new innovation and build new technological tools. Apart from that, the research conducted in laboratories contributes a lot to the development of technologies. On the other hand, technology extends the agenda of science.

Vital Part of our Life

Regularly evolving technology has become an important part of our lives. Also, newer technologies are taking the market by storm and the people are getting used to them in no time. Above all, technological advancement has led to the growth and development of nations.

Negative Aspect of Technology

Although technology is a good thing, everything has two sides. Technology also has two sides one is good and the other is bad. Here are some negative aspects of technology that we are going to discuss.

Exhaustion of Natural Resources

New technology requires new resources for which the balance is disturbed. Eventually, this will lead to over-exploitation of natural resources which ultimately disturbs the balance of nature.

Unemployment

A single machine can replace many workers. Also, machines can do work at a constant pace for several hours or days without stopping. Due to this, many workers lost their job which ultimately increases unemployment.

Information Technology

This technology involves the use of telecommunication and computer to send, receive and store information. Internet is the best example of Information technology.


today, everything we use in our daily life is a gift of technology and without which we cannot imagine our lives. Also, we cannot refuse the facts that it has caused severe damage to our surroundings.

All about Horoscope

A horoscope (also known as a natal chart, astrological chart, astro-chart, celestial map, sky-map, star-chart, cosmogram, vitasphere, radical chart, radix, chart wheel, or simply chart) is an astrological chart or diagram that depicts the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, astrological aspects, and sensitive angles at the time of an event, such as a birth.

Photo by RODNAE Productions on Pexels.com

Horoscope comes from the Greek words ra and scopos, which mean “time” and “observer” (horoskopos, pl. horoskopoi, or “hour marker(s)”). It is utilised as a means of divination for occurrences related to the time period it symbolises, and it is the foundation of astrology’s horoscopic traditions.

The horoscope depicts the skies as a stylised map over a certain area at a specific time. In most cases, the viewpoint is geocentric (heliocentric astrology being one exception).

The chart includes the positions of the actual planets (including the Sun and Moon), as well as entirely calculated features such the lunar nodes, house cusps (including the midheaven and ascendant), zodiac signs, fixed stars, and the lots.

Aspects are angular relationships between planets and other points that are commonly determined. 

The vernal point (the first day of spring in the northern hemisphere) is defined by the tropical zodiac as the first degree of Aries, although the sidereal zodiac permits it to process.

Many individuals are perplexed by the distinction between the sidereal and tropical zodiac signs.

t is worth pointing out that the sidereal signs and the tropical signs are both geometrical conventions of 30° each, whereas the zodiacal constellations are pictorial representations of mythological figures projected onto the celestial sphere based on patterns of visible star groupings, none of which occupy precisely 30° of the ecliptic.

So constellations and signs are not the same, although for historical reasons they might have the same names

An astrologer must first determine the exact time and location of the subject’s birth, or the start of an event, in order to generate a horoscope.

At the same time, the local standard time (adjusted for daylight saving time or wartime) is transformed into Greenwich Mean Time or Universal Time. To be able to calculate, the astrologer must translate this to the local sidereal time at birth.

Photo by RODNAE Productions on Pexels.com

The astrologer will then examine an ephemeris, a set of tables that displays the positions of the Sun, Moon, and planets for a given year, date, and sidereal time in relation to the northern hemisphere vernal equinox or fixed stars for a given year, date, and sidereal time (depending on which astrological system is being used).

The horoscope is divided into 12 sectors that circle the ecliptic, beginning with the ascendant or rising sign on the eastern horizon.

The houses are the 12 sectors, and there are several techniques for computing these divisions. Since the 19th century, tables of dwellings have been issued to make this otherwise difficult work easier.

Horoscopes and the zodiac sign have always been popular, and they continue to be so today. From celebrities to the ordinary population, there are a large number of devoted fans.

It can be tough to accept that astrology is not based on scientific facts and is a pseudoscience when there are so many believers and perhaps a personal connection to the horoscope or the zodiac.

Reference

http://www.wikipedia.com

http://www.timesofindia.com

http://www.elle.com

What is Dogecoin? – Bitcoin vs Dogecoin (Meme Coins)

 Hello, friends! You already know about the rupee coin and Bitcoin But there’s a new coin that’s globally famous now. It’s called the Dogecoin. The value of our rupee is based on our currency. And Bitcoin is based on Blockchain that promises to revolutionize the monetary systems around the world. 

But this Dogecoin is based on a meme. Literally! This coin was made in jest. Someone took the Doge meme, this meme of the dog was quite famous at some point and made a coin out of it. It’s like someone taking the “Pawri ho rahi hai” meme and turning it into a “Pawri coin”. Or this meme of Akshay Kumar being made into “Akki coin”. It’s quite possible.

 Someone may very well make these Pawri coin and Akki coin. Because cryptocurrency is so decentralised that any person can develop their own coin. They’d need basic coding knowledge to do that. But the thing is that this Dogecoin became so famous that people like Elon Musk started buying it and promoting it. Why did it happen? Come let’s find out in today’s video on Dogecoin.

 After the popularity of Bitcoin, several people brought up its disadvantages. Like, the long transaction time of Bitcoin. Or that the whole process of Bitcoin consumes a lot of energy. And that’s not good for the environment. That’s why some people considered making their own coins. These coins are known as Alt-Coins. i.e. Alternative Coins. Because they’re the alternative to Bitcoin.

 And they try to counter the disadvantages of Bitcoin. By some method or the other. Like Ethereum, Litecoin, I talked about them in the Alt-Coins video. You can watch them as well. The link will be in the description below. But after Alt-Coins had been developed, people realized that anyone can create their own coins. So some people started creating their own coins for fun.

 There were no advantages in their coins as compared to Bitcoins. They simply changed the name and created a new coin. Some scammers made their own coins as well. And fooled people to invest in their coins to drive the value of the coin After which the scammer would take back his investment and the people will suffer heavy losses while the scammer would walk away with a significant profit.

 This is known as a Pump and Dump scheme. So many people created their coins for fun. Some for scamming people others for absolutely no reason. It was only meant as a joke. These coins which were created for no reason they are often known as Shitcoins. Because they do not add any value to the world. They aren’t bringing about any improvement in the process. So they’re Shitcoins. 

Some people believe that Dogecoin is also a Shitcoin. The only difference is that the purpose of creating Dogecoin wasn’t to scam people it was only to prank people. It was only a joke. This Doge meme was at the peak of its popularity in 2013. Jackson Palmer, an Australian marketer and Billy Markus, a software developer at IBM developed this Dogecoin then. Palmer says that he thought up this idea as a joke. to combine the two most popular trending topics on the internet. Cryptocurrency and the Doge meme. 

The code of Dogecoin is based on Litecoin. Litecoin is an Alt-Coin that does have a few advantages over Bitcoin. Like lesser processing time and lower transaction fees. But it is truly surprising that the market valuation of Dogecoin has already surpassed that of Litecoin. If you look at the largest cryptocurrencies of the world Dogecoin coin has become the fourth-largest cryptocurrency. 

After Bitcoin, Ethereum and Binance. The biggest question here is how is it possible? How did a coin made as a joke gain such popularity? Why are people buying it? The first reason is the Reddit website. People on Reddit started using it as a joke initially. Whenever someone liked a post or comment on Reddit, people would award some Dogecoins to the OP as a tip. It was known as the DogeBot tip.

 Usually, this was a tip of 5 Dogecoins. And at the time the value of Dogecoin was 0.0002¢. It was a very small amount. But using Dogecoin as a tip started gaining popularity on Reddit. And this expanded over the years. Dogecoins were used so much and exchanged so many times that their value started increasing rapidly. 

In September 2018, the CEO of Tesla, Elon Musk noticed it. Elon Musk met Jackson Palmer on the issue of Twitter scambots. The fake Twitter accounts that scam people using the guise of cryptocurrency. Elon Musk wanted to take them down because his name was being used to run these scams.

 So he asked for Jackson Palmer’s help on this. That was when Elon Musk came to know about Dogecoin. After 7 months he tweeted “Dogecoin might be my fav(ourite) cryptocurrency.” In March 2020 he tweeted “Dogs rock. They are the best coins.” So in the coming months and years he tweeted about Dogecoin several times which were indirectly or directly promoting Dogecoin. 

And because Elon Musk is so famous, perhaps the most renowned and liked billionaire in the world, every time he tweeted, it sent up the value of Dogecoin by 25% – 50%. Eventually, 2021 followed 2020. And now the value of Dogecoin has exceeded 50¢. At its peak, Dogecoin had almost touched the valuation of $80 billion. 

Though its price has fallen a bit in the last couple of days, but the supporters of Dogecoin aim to drive its value up to $1. It means that the value of 1 Dogecoin would be equal to $1. Currently, it is around 50-60¢. 

Talking about the real-life use of Dogecoin, the community of Dogecoin have donated to several charitable causes. Their first donation was to a Jamaican Bobsleigh team of $30,000 in Dogecoins so that the team could participate in the 2014 Russian Winter Olympics. After this, for some water conversation projects in Kenya and for helping some special needs children, the community of Dogecoin donated money. 

And who are the community of Dogecoin? What do I mean by this? Basically, there is a subreddit on Dogecoin where the users who buy and promote Dogecoins come together and make such donations. But overall, friends, I’d say that Dogecoin has become a cultural trend now. It does not have a value of its own. 

It isn’t bringing in any significant technological advancement neither is it unique. Only because of its circumstances Dogecoin has become so popular now. And this is needed to be understood by those people that think that if they invest in Dogecoin now and they would get 10x, 100x, 1000x returns. That Dogecoin is a good investment. 

You need to understand the cultural trends grow exponentially. And die down after their peak. There is a very high possibility that this may happen. I’m not giving you any investment advice here. You can buy Dogecoin if you want to. I’m just saying that be cautious of the huge risk. 

But higher the risk in investment, there are more chances of high returns as well. It is possible that after a few years, Dogecoin may be valued at $100 instead of a paltry $1. But it is equally possible that its value may become 0 instead of the 0.50¢ now. 

All your investment may vanish. Because predicting cultural trends on the internet is next to impossible. You’d basically be trying to predict how the world would think collectively. I believe that the same thing applies to Bitcoin as well. You should invest only that much in Bitcoin that you can afford to lose. 

If Bitcoin crashes to 0 tomorrow, you would not suffer much even after all your investment vanishes. And Dogecoin is even riskier than Bitcoin. So this is even more valid for Dogecoin than it is for Bitcoin. At least Bitcoin has some value of its own. Because it presents a revolutionary technology. I

t presents an alternative monetary system. But it is not so with Dogecoin. But at the same time, also remember this, friends, that only those things have any value in the society, in which people believe. If people think that a thing should have value, it does. 

You can see this with so many things. If people think that branded clothes have value, then their value exists and people buy them at exorbitant prices. The same thing applies to Dogecoin as well. If every one of us starts believing that Dogecoin does indeed have a value even if there really isn’t any, people would want to buy it which would drive up its value.

 And what can be the reason behind it? Absolutely any reason. If someone claims that Elon Musk’s brand is attached to Dogecoin and it has a high value the same reason as with clothes. If a cloth is marked by a brand it has a high value. For the same reason, someone may say that Dogecoin’s value should be higher. 

If society starts believing this its value will grow. And if society doesn’t, its value will fall. 

Mirabai Chanu – The Real Struggler | Tokyo Olympics 2021

Hello, friends! There’s amazing news for all of us. That, in the ongoing Tokyo Olympic games, India has won a medal on the very first day! Indian weightlifter Saikhom Mirabai Chanu won the Silver medal in weightlifting.

 And even if for a short while, India was among the top 3 in the Olympic Rank List. It was historic! In this article, let’s get to know about her win. And her super-inspiring story. Mirabai was the only Indian weightlifter in this Olympics. She has won in the Women’s 49kg category. 

She got the Silver medal. And the Gold medal in the same category went to China’s weightlifter Hou Zhihui. And an Indonesian weightlifter was at the third position, winning the Bronze medal. Hou Zhihui and Mirabai. It was said that both of them had a good chance of winning. Because Hou Zhihui was at #1 Rank worldwide. And Mirabai was at #4 Rank. 

In April this year, in the Asian Championship both weightlifters had created world records. Hou won the Gold medal with a total score of 213 kg. Mirabai had also broken the existing world record in the clean and jerk segment with 119 kg. What does the Clean and Jerk segment mean? Let’s understand a little about this sport. It’s very interesting to know. The more you understand about this sport, the more will you be interested in it. The concept of weightlifting is simple at first glance. 

There’s a steel barbell. With rubber weights on both sides. The person that can lift the most weight will be the winner of this game. But there can be two methods of lifting the weights. And these two methods are the two segments of the game.

 The first segment is the Snatch. The weights need to be lifted above the head from the ground in a single motion. Somewhat like this. When the snatch segment of all the athletes is over, then there is a short break. And then comes the other segment. That’s called the Clean and Jerk segment. In it, the weights don’t need to be lifted in a single motion. Instead, the weights are lifted to the chest level first and then in the next motion, the weights are lifted from the chest to above the head.

 Obviously, because it’s being broken down into two motions it is possible to lift heavier weights in this segment for any athlete as compared to that in the snatch segment. In both segments, the lifter has to stand up straight with the weights. Otherwise, they lose their attempt. And how many attempts do they get? 

They get three attempts in both segments. The best attempt among the three, is counted towards the final score. And they get only 1 minute in each attempt. And then score in the best performance in snatch and the best performance in clean and jerk, both scores are added up. And the total score of the weightlifter is calculated. And the weightlifter that has the highest total score, is then declared the winner. 

For this game, the weightlifters need to decide the weight that they would attempt to lift. If we talk about Mirabai’s performance in this game, then, she tried to lift 84 kg in the first attempt in the snatch segment. She was successful at it. 

In the second attempt, she tried to lift 87 kg. And she was successful at it too. And then she tried to lift 89 kg in the third attempt. But she failed at that. Since her best attempt was at 87 kg, it was considered. In the clean and jerk segment, she lifted 110 kg successfully in the first attempt. 

And then she lifted 115 kg. And in the third attempt, she tried to lift 117 kg. But she couldn’t do it. Her best attempt was at 115 kg in this segment. And her final score was, 87 kg + 115 kg. Her total score was 202 kg. 

On the other hand, gold medal winner Hou Zhihui’s score was 94 kg in the snatch segment. 116 kg in the clean and jerk segment. Which landed the total at 210 kg. All three scores were World Records. So it was a brilliant game. 

If we talk about the past, Mirabai is only the second Indian athlete to have won a medal at weightlifting. Before this, in the year 2000, when the Olympics were held in Sydney, Australia, women weightlifting was introduced then.

 Here, India’s Karnam Malleswari won the Bronze medal in the 69 kg category. And she became the first woman the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal in India’s history. With this, she was also the first Indian to win at weightlifting. So Mirabai is only the second Indian to win a medal at weightlifting. 

She has become a new inspiration for people across the country. She dedicated her medal to the country after her win. And thanked all Indians. She gave the credit of the win to her family, especially her mother and coach Vijay Sharma

 A very interesting thing to note here is, she thanked the Indian Railways as well. Because she is an athlete of the Indian Railways. Initially, She had joined the Indian Railways as Chief Ticket Inspector.

 In 2018, she was promoted to the rank of officer. Her story is very inspiring, friends! Her village is 20 km from Manipur’s capital, Imphal. Nongpok Kakching.

 On 8th August 1994, she was born here. In a low-income family. At home, food used to be cooked on a mud hearth. Since firewood is used to light it, she used to lift more than her elder brother since a very young age. 

When they used to get the firewood, she could lift more weight than her elder brother could. In terms of the firewood. She was quite interested in sports as a child. Whenever she saw her cousins playing football, she’d think that though it’s fun to play football but the clothes get ruined. So she wanted to choose a sport where the clothes wouldn’t get dirty. 

And the player could remain clean. Then she saw archery. She thought of choosing archery as a sport. Because it’s a neat, clean and stylish sport. That’s why, in 2008, when she was 13 or 14 years old, she went to Imphal with her cousin. She wanted to train at the centre of the Sports Authority of India there.

 But at that time, there was no training for archery scheduled there. Then she saw a few clips of Kunjarani Devi there. She is a famous weightlifter from Manipur as well. An Indian weightlifter. She has won many medals in international competitions. 

Watching her clips, she felt inspired. And she decided to train for weightlifting. There, international coach Anita Chanu introduced her to weightlifting. The training centre was around 22 km from her village. She had to reach there at 6 in the morning every day. 

Not by a car, instead, by a bus! She had to change busses twice. She went to train in the morning every day. And she’d practice. She practised every day to become better. As they say, By practising regularly, a fool becomes a sage; By repeatedly rubbing a rope, even the stone gets worn down. 

When water is drawn from a well, the rope repeatedly rubs on the stone and leaves its mark on the stone. Similarly, a fool, if he studies diligently, if he practises again and again and works hard, then he can become a sage as well. With hard work, Mirabai won the Silver medal at the Commonwealth Games within only 6 years. In 2014, the Commonwealth Games took place in Scotland.

 She won the Silver medal there. In the Rio Olympics in 2016, she broke a 12-year old record in the National Selections tryout. When she qualified for the Olympics after breaking the record, she was considered a top contender to win a medal.

 But a very unfortunate incident took place in the 2016 Olympics. She returned home with a DNF tag. That is the Did Not Finish tag. Because in the clean and jerk segment, she could not get a legitimate lift in any of the attempts. Meaning, that she hadn’t lifted properly. 

So the judges disqualified her because of her wrong lifts. And there was only 1 correct lift in the snatch segment. She couldn’t stop her tears. A sport is not only a test of your physical strength. But also tests your attitude and mental strength. How much can you focus?

How much can you keep yourself motivated? It was a very challenging time for her. To return after a disgraceful loss. And to start working hard again. For the next Olympics. She didn’t lose hope. And in the 2017 World Championship in America, she won the Gold medal. 

Next year, in 2018, Commonwealth Games took place in Australia. There not only did she win the Gold medal in the 48 kg category, But broke all records also. In 2018, she was awarded the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award. Everything was going well. Then life took another turn.

She got a lower back injury. She had to stay away from the game for 1 year. She made a comeback in 2019. And I already told you about the 2021 Asian Championship. And then came the Olympics. Where she won a Silver medal. 

This is such an inspiring story that a Bollywood film can be made on it, literally. So many ups and downs. What do we learn from this? Any ups and downs that may come our way, we should hold onto courage. 

And keep moving forward. Such inspiring stories, will motivate you, hopefully. To keep moving forward in your life. And the dreams that you want to achieve, I hope you can achieve them. 

CHILD LABOUR

What is child labour?

Defining child labour:

Not all work done by children should be classified as child labour that is to be targeted for elimination. Children’s or adolescents’ participation in work that does not affect their health and personal development or interfere with their schooling, is generally regarded as being something positive. This includes activities such as helping their parents around the home, assisting in a family business or earning pocket money outside school hours and during school holidays. These kinds of activities contribute to children’s development and to the welfare of their families; they provide them with skills and experience, and help to prepare them to be productive members of society during their adult life.

The term “child labour” is often defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development. It refers to work that:

•Is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children; and/or

•Interferes with their schooling by: depriving them of the opportunity to attend school; obliging them to leave school prematurely; or requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work.
Whether or not particular forms of “work” can be called “child labour” depends on the child’s age, the type and hours of work performed, the conditions under which it is performed and the objectives pursued by individual countries. The answer varies from country to country, as well as among sectors within countries.

The worst forms of child labour:

The worst forms of child labour involves children being enslaved, separated from their families, exposed to serious hazards and illnesses and/or left to fend for themselves on the streets of large cities – often at a very early age.

Whilst child labour takes many different forms, a priority is to eliminate without delay the worst forms of child labour as defined by Article 3 of ILO Convention No.182 :

•All forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour, including forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict;

•The use, procuring or offering of a child for prostitution, for the production of pornography or for pornographic performances;

•The use, procuring or offering of a child for illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs as defined in the relevant international treaties;

•Work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children.

Hazardous child labour:

Hazardous child labour or hazardous work is the work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children.
Guidance for governments on some hazardous work activities which should be prohibited is given by Article 3 of ILO Recommendation No.190 :

•Work which exposes children to physical, psychological or sexual abuse;

•Work underground, under water, at dangerous heights or in confined spaces;

•Work with dangerous machinery, equipment and tools, or which involves the manual handling or transport of heavy loads;

•Work in an unhealthy environment which may, for example, expose children to hazardous substances, agents or processes, or to temperatures, noise levels, or vibrations damaging to their health;

•Work under particularly difficult conditions such as work for long hours or during the night or work where the child is unreasonably confined to the premises of the employer.

Life

What is life? how is life? why is life like this? why are we living this life? is it necessary to face all this in life?

Often such questions come to our mind, we think a lot about life that we will do this in our life, we will do that But it happens in the life of some people that their dreams are fulfilled and some people’s dreams are not fulfilled.

Many questions come to our minds about life, but we forget that life is the only way to have happiness and sorrow.

Life is a beautiful feeling which we live every moment, be it happy or sad and that becomes the memory. There come many times in life that everything is good in our life, but there also comes a time when bad times come in life and we also break up. At that time we do not understand what to do, there are many people who are not able to face the problem And commit suicide, they think that why we are living this life, we should die He doesn’t even think about his family.

Various forms of life exist, such as plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea, and bacteria. Biology is the science that studies life.

What is life, do we get this life every time? I don’t even know the answer whether we will get this life again or our next birth will be as we want so I will say no, we don’t know anything about tomorrow, we know we are in this life now .This is our family and we have to do whatever we want to do in this birth, we can do whatever we want to do for our family. Yes it is true that when bad times come in life, we lose a lot, but we have to have courage. We have to be the strength of our family, if we are with our loved ones then even the worst time of life goes away.

We don’t need to think anything wrong, whether the time is bad or good, every time we will face all with courage with joy, Whatever happens in life will be seen, but we should not lose heart.

Life is a game to play happily or sadly it's up to us

Whatever we do in life, we get to experience from it and we tell the same to our coming generation. Prepares them to win by fighting the bad times in life. Abiogenesis is the natural process of life arising from inanimate matter, such as simple organic compounds.

Do we know that life first appeared on Earth 4.28 billion years ago, soon after the formation of the ocean, 4.41 billion years ago, The earliest known life forms are microfossils of bacteria. Life on Earth is probably descended from an RNA world, although RNA-based life may not have been the first life to have existed but it is said.

Death is the permanent termination of all biological processes which sustain an organism, and as such, is the end of its life. Extinction is the term describing the dying out of a group or taxon, usually a species. Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of organisms.

And if we have got this life, we should live happily, bad times come in everyone’s life But not everyone thinks of ending this life. That’s why we should enjoy our life happily.

HOW TO FACE CHALLENGES WITHOUT STRESS?

 

  RESILENCE  

                      (IKIGAI REVIEW)


HOW TO FACE LIFE’S CHALLENGES WITHOUT LETTING STRESS AND WORRY YOUR AGE?




The thing Ikigai says is to pursue your passion – how hard the life goes with hurdles. No matter of giving up. Resilience is the concept which has become influential among psychologists. It is the ability to setback, things without urgency, to pick ourselves and giving meaning to our lives. 

Some people know how to adapt, stay focused on certain objectives, concentrate on things they can’t control and they are called as the resilient people. At some point of life, we all need to face the hurdles, we can’t escape the situations, so proper training for mind and body is to be given. Resilience is essential to confront life’s ups and downs. 

FALL SEVEN TIMES, RISE EIGHT.


EMOTIONAL RESILENCE THROUGH BUDDHISM AND STOICISM

The goal is to control our emotions, pleasures and desires. Though the both of the philosophies are different, both aims is to get rid of ego and control negative emotions. Our pleasures and desires are not the problem, we can enjoy and control them as they don’t take control of us. Controlling emotions have been always watchful who are trying to control themselves.

Imagining negative things and not worrying about them. As a result, you will come to the mindset of what the worst thing would happen?


MEDITATING FOR HEALTHIER EMOTIONS 

Another central theme of Stoicism is Imagining and knowing what we can control and what we can’t? Through serenity prayer.

Most commonly used mantras in Buddhism for controlling negative emotions is OM MANI PADME HUM in which OM represents ego purification, MA purifies jealously, NI purifies passion and desire, PAD purifies bias, ME purifies greed and HUM is the wisdom that purifies hatred.


CONCLUSION

Both Buddhism and Stoicism convey the message that there is nothing about worrying, but we can control  our emotions. Go through and just appreciate things because it is just NOW. The temporary things which are the impermanent ones. Keep your mind the best one to see the flow.


Vandalism cannot be neutralised by claiming immunity

The Supreme Court on Wednesday held that legislators who indulge in vandalism and general mayhem cannot claim parliamentary privilege and immunity from criminal prosecution while dismissing appeals by Kerala government and ruling Left Democratic Front (LDF) to withdraw a criminal case against their leaders who destroyed public property and disrupted a Budget speech on the State Assembly floor in 2015.

“Parliamentary privileges and immunities are not ‘gateways’ for legislators to claim exception from the law of the land, especially criminal law,” a Bench of Justices D.Y. Chandrachud and M.R. Shah observed in a judgment.

Vandalism on the Assembly floor could not be equated with the right to protest by Opposition legislators. Destruction of public property could not be equated with the exercise of freedom of speech.

Legislators should act within the parameters of the public trust imposed on them to do their duty. They had taken office swearing true allegiance to the Constitution. They had to uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India and had to perform the duty imposed on them by the people who elected them, it said.

It was definitely not for them to “betray the trust of the people” who elected them as law makers by engaging in wanton destruction of public property in the Assembly and then claim privilege and immunity from the very process of law. That was like missing the woods for the trees, the Supreme Court noted. Engaging in acts of violence inside the Assembly could hardly be in the “larger public interest” or be considered as “legitimate” protests, as claimed by the State government and the accused leaders.

The Chief Judicial Magistrate, Thiruvananthapuram, was justified in declining the Public Prosecutor’s application to withdraw the criminal case against the accused LDF leaders, one of them being the current State Education Minister, V. Sivankutty. The Supreme Court agreed with the Magistrate’s view that the application for withdrawal was not made in good faith. Criminal law must take its normal course, the court ordered.

The State government and the accused LDF leaders, who were in the Opposition in 2015, had claimed parliamentary privilege, arguing that the incident occurred inside the Assembly hall. They had claimed immunity from criminal prosecution. They had argued that the prior sanction of the Speaker was necessary before the registration of an FIR by the police.

The televised images from the day of the incident show legislators come to blows on the House floor and hurl chairs, computers and other public property soon after Finance Minister K.M. Mani began his budget speech during the UDF government’s tenure. The MLAs are facing charges of criminal trespass, mischief and destruction of public property.

“MLAs only have parliamentary privileges and immunities essential for doing their duty,” Justice Chandrachud responded. The court said breaking chairs and indulging in destruction of public property on the Assembly floor could not be said to be an ‘essential function’.

“MLAs do not stand above the general application of law,” Justice Chandrachud observed in the judgment.

The Supreme Court had reserved its judgment in the case on July 15. The State and the accused persons had appealed against a High Court order which confirmed the Magistrate’s decision to refuse the Prosecutor permission to withdraw the criminal case.

The Supreme Court had consistently taken a strong prima facie view against the conduct of the MLAs. Justice Chandrachud had said these legislators ought to face trial or there would be “absolutely no deterrent to this kind of behaviour”.

The Public Prosecutor’s application to withdraw the cases was dismissed by the Thiruvananthapuram Chief Judicial Magistrate on September 22, last year. The Magistrate had concluded that the request was made “without good faith and under external influence”. The High Court had confirmed the Magistrate’s decision in March.

Jhunjhunwala plans to have 70 planes in four years of airline

Billionaire investor Rakesh Jhunjhunwala is planning on having 70 aircraft within four years for a new airline he wants to set up.

Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com

Jhunjhunwala, who is considered to be investing 35 dollar million and would own 40% of the carrier, is expected to get a no-objection certificate from the aviation ministry in the next 15 days, he said in an interview on wednesday.

The ultra low cost airline will be called Akasa Air and the team, which includes a former senior executive of Delta Air Lines Inc is looking at planes that can carry 180 passengers, he said.

Its a bold bet by Jhunjhunwala, who’s known locally as India’s Warren Buffett, in a market that has seen some airlines collapse in the face of intense fare wars and high costs.

Still, what was once the world’s fastest -growing aviation market holds an allure and Jhunjhunwala is looking at opportunities to woo flyers with a brand new carrier offering low fares.

Photo by Alexander Mils on Pexels.com

All of these facts, however, do not prevent Jhunjhunwala from investing in the aviation industry, as he is well-versed in the reality of doing business in this area. “I believe some of the increment players will not recover,” he remarked, but he praised his partners, saying, “I have some of the best airline people in the world as my partners.”

Jhunjhunwala is investing $35 million in Akasa and expects the Aviation Ministry to provide a no-objection certificate (NOC) soon. A fleet of 70 planes is planned. The new arrival into India’s aviation sector comes at a time when the COVID-19 pandemic is having a significant influence on the industry.

Reference

http://www.moneycontrol.com

http://www.hindustantimes.com

http://www.timesofindia.com

Pandemic's impact on Education

 The Covid-19 pandemic has altered the lifestyle of everyone completely. Laptop and Smartphone screens have replaced the chalk and blackboard of the classrooms since the announcement of lockdown in March 2020. This transition from offline to online learning was not a simple task for the students as well as the teachers. 

Online Classes: The new way of education 

Initially the task was to learn to use the online medium for education purposes. Some teachers and students faced certain difficulties in handling technology. It also increased the responsibility of the parents especially in the case of small children who could not handle online classes without guidance of their parents. As this new way of learning was being freshly introduced, some batches of students faced a delay in their academic year. This led to a lot of confusion regarding cancellation or postponement of exams. It is also extremely difficult for students to understand the practical concepts which require a lab. 

One of the major problems of online learning is Digital Divide. Every student does not have access to the digital world, which disrupts their learning process. According to a survey by the National Council of Educational Research and Training in the schools of India, 27% students don’t have access to smartphones, laptops or computers. In many remote areas, proper internet connectivity is also not available to attend the classes. 

Due to the worsening financial conditions like unemployment and low income in households, the dropout rates of school students are increasing, especially among girls. Many leave their education to support the family financially. A number of professors and teachers have expressed their concern over this issue and the main fear is that they may never rejoin school after the pandemic. 

The Mid-Day Meal scheme in the government schools was one of the important ways for the students to get nutritious food, especially for the students from the low income families. Mid day meal provision also led to an increase in the enrolment of students in schools. Due to lack of physical access to schools they are facing a loss of nutrition. 

Long exposure to screens has impacted their vision and mental health. It has increased the problems like headache and stress. Lack of face-to-face doubt clearance leaves the students confused. It has also impacted the student’s daily routine where they were physically active. According to UNICEF’s data released in March 2021, 888 million children worldwide, including 247 million in India, continue to face difficulty in learning due to closure of schools. 

But every cloud has a silver lining, and online classes too have their own benefits. It has opened up new ways of digital learning that connects people globally through webinars, online certification courses, etc. The number of webinars conducted for students in schools and colleges has increased over the last year. Initiatives such as educational programmes on television and radio were promoted to help the children learn in an easy manner. 

However, the problems faced by those who cannot access digital learning needs to be addressed. Initiatives that can help them to cope up with this loss of education needs to be promoted. Education is an integral part of development which should not be compromised.


The State Executive

Our Constitution provides for a federal Government, having separate systems for administration, the Union, and the States. The Constitution comprises provisions for the governance of both. It provides a uniform structure for the state Government, in Part VI of the Constitution, which applies to all the states including the erstwhile State of Jammu and Kashmir.

The Governor:- At the head of the executive of a State stands the Governor. The executive powers of the state are vested in the Governor. Generally, there shall be a Governor for every state, but an amendment of 1956 makes it possible for the appointment of some person as the Governor for two or more States[Article 153].

Appointment and term of Office of the Governor:- The Governor of a State is not elected but is appointed by the President and holds his office at the pleasure of the President. Any citizen of India who has completed the age of 35 years is eligible for the office, but he must not hold any other office of profit, and should not be a member of the Legislature of the Union of any State [Article 158]. There is no bar for the selection of a Governor amongst the members of a Legislature, but if a Member of any Legislature is appointed as Governor, he should cease the position of member immediately after such appointment.

The normal term of a Governor’s Office shall be five years, but he can be terminated for the following reasons—

(i) Dismissal by the President, at whose pleasure he holds office [Article 158].

(ii) Resignation [Article156 (2)].

The President’s power can be used only in cases of gross delinquency, such as bribery, corruption, reason, and violation of any provision of the Constitution. There is no bar to a person begin appointed as Governor more than once.

Powers of the Governor:- The Governor has no diplomatic or military powers like the President, but he possesses executive, legislative, and judicial powers similar to those of the President.

(1) Executive Powers– The Governor has the power to appoint his Council of Ministers, the Advocate General, and the members of the State Public Service Commission and holds office during his pleasure. But the members of the State Public Service Commission cannot be removed by him [Article 317]. The Governor has no power to appoint the Judges of High Court he is entitled to consult the President in the matter [Article 217(1)]. He can also nominate 1/6th part of the total members of the Legislative Council.

(2) Legislative Power:- The Governor has a right to addressing and sending messages and summoning, prorogue, and dissolving, in association with the State Legislature, just like the President.

(3) Judicial Powers- The Governor has the power to grant pardon, reprieve, respite, or remission of punishment or to suspend, remit, or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offense against any law relating to a matter to which executive power of the State extends [Article 161]. The Chief Justice and the Judges of the High Court of the State are appointed with the consultation of the Governor by the President.

(4) Emergency Powers- The Governor has no Emergency powers to perform.

Space Tourism – Jeff Bezos vs Richard Branson vs Elon Musk

Hello everyone , Space Tourism will be possible. Like you go to other counties for a vacation from next year, you can go to space on a vacation. And most importantly, you wouldn’t need to undergo any training No need to become an astronaut to make this happen. Actually, friends, three people are making it possible. 

First, billionaire Richard Branson. The owner of the Virgin Group. His space tourism company is named Virgin Galactic. Second, Jeff Bezos. The owner of Amazon. His space tourism company is named Blue Origin. And third, Elon Musk. The owner of Tesla. His space company is named SpaceX. 
There was a neck-to-neck competition between the first two people to see who would be the first man in the world to go to space in their own rocket. Jeff Bezos had announced that he would do this on 20th July. After that, Richard Branson, who had originally planned to attempt this a few months later, preponed his plan. 
Richard Branson attempted this a few days ago, on 11th July. With two pilots and three other crew members he got into his Unity Spacecraft.
 This Spacecraft flew into the sky. And this mission was successful. Leaving Jeff Bezos behind, he became the world’s first man to go to space in his own spaceship. 
It’s very interesting to get to know the technical details of this feat. Because he wasn’t in a rocket that’s launched from a launchpad. Like you normally see in films or like astronauts usually travel, in a rocket. Instead, it was a kind of an aeroplane. 
You can call this aeroplane a ‘Space Plane’ because it went into space. What happened was, there is a big plane on the runway, you can call it the ‘Mother Aircraft’ this smaller Space Plane is attached to it. It’s named Unity. Initially, both planes take off from the runway together because they’re attached. And when they reach around 50,000 feet altitude, this Unity Space Plane detaches from the Mother Aircraft. And then at supersonic speed, faster than the speed of sound, it goes towards space. And when we talk about going to space here, 
What it exactly means is that it was 88 km above the earth’s surface. If you look out of the window at that height, you’d get to see the curvature of the Earth. This was the view from this flight. And most interestingly, at this height, the passengers of the plane can experience weightlessness.
 Like the astronauts experience it. But the unfortunate thing is that, this plane doesn’t remain at that height for long. This weightlessness can be experienced for only 4 minutes on this Virgin Galactic flight. After that, this plane starts its descend. And lands on the runway like a normal aeroplane. It takes only an hour to complete this journey. And the part from the detaching of the Space Plane, reaching the top to landing back takes only 15 minutes. 
So it’s not a very long journey. We could see all the photos and videos because Richard Branson live-streamed his test flight on the internet. Another interesting thing, Among the 6 crew members, one was an Indian-born woman. This incident is historic for many reasons. 
Even though, Richard Branson wasn’t the first private civilian to go to space. Dennis Tito, an American entrepreneur, had paid $20 Million to be able to sit with the astronauts in the rocket to fly to the International Space Station and stay for 8 days. But that was different. Because he was going with the astronauts in an actual rocket. 
But you can think of this as a private aeroplane. For this reason, you may think that Richard Branson didn’t actually go to space. If you do, then you wouldn’t be the first person to think that. Jeff Bezos’ space company, Blue Origin, they mocked this on Twitter. They said that there will be an asterisk (*) next to Richard Branson’s name because he went up to the height of 88 km only. 
When globally, most scientists believe that space actually begins at the height of 100 km. This 100 km line is known as the Karman Line. Internationally, the astronauts’ organization in European countries they believe that this line at 100 km is the official boundary between our atmosphere and space. 
But in the USA, the US government and NASA believe that the boundary between the atmosphere and space starts at the height of 80 km. So in the defense of Richard Branson, it can be said that according to the US standards, he has gone into space. 
But not according to the International standards. That’s why Jeff Bezos’ company mocked him. And now when Jeff Bezos will attempt to go to space on 20th July, he will try to cross this line at 100 km. The difference is very critical here. When Jeff Bezos will attempt it, it will be in the spacecraft built by his company that’s like a rocket. So he’ll go up in a rocket. 
His company claims that not only will they reach beyond 100 km but also that the windows on this spacecraft will be huge. So that you can enjoy watching the Earth. But the windows on the Virgin Galactic’s spaceplane, were of the size of an aeroplane’s window and so quite small. Second, Blue Origin claim that their spacecraft will have an escape system that was missing in the Virgin Galactic’s spacecraft.
 Third, they claim that their rocket will not have an environmental impact because they’ll use environment-friendly fuel. The exhaust will be only water. But in the case of Virgin Galactic, Nitrous Oxide, which is very harmful, is being released. It is very damaging to the environment. If you find stories about space to be interesting,
I’ll talk about the environmental impact at the end of the video. First, let’s talk about how expensive it will be if you want to go too. What will be the cost? The price of one ticket of the Virgin Galactic’s flight will be $250,000. In Indian currency, it’ll cost around ₹20 million – ₹25 million. (₹2 crore – ₹2.5 crores) It’s up to you whether you can afford it or not. 
Our politicians can definitely afford this. 600 people have already reserved tickets for next year. There are many famous names among them. Like Justin Bieber and the actor Leonardo DiCaprio. They are expecting full commercial service by 2022. 
And Richard Branson says that eventually, the price will be lowered when more people will start using it. He says that eventually, the price of the ticket may be as low as $40,000. Around ₹3 million – ₹3.5 million. (₹30 lakh – ₹35 lakh) Definitely, today it is not something that a common man can afford. 
But once it starts, maybe 10 or 15 or 20 years down the line, I think that normal people will also be able to afford it. On the other hand, we don’t know the exact price of the ticket for Jeff Bezos’s spacecraft. But one ticket was auctioned in June, that was sold for $28 million. 
Same with Elon Musk’s SpaceX, one ticket was auctioned that sold for $55 million. But that’s a bit different because they’re proper rockets. And it’s possible that Elon Musk’s flight may take you to the International Space Station to travel. 
And the ticket cost obviously includes the training and on-flight accommodation. In the beginning when I had said that no training is required, I meant that one wouldn’t need astronaut-level training to do this.
 But you’d still be given some basic training. About how you should behave in zero gravity. And what you should do in case of any emergencies. You’d obviously be told all this. Some people may be scared after knowing all this Because they’d be undertaking a new thing and going to space they may lose their lives if there is any technical problem.
 So how realistic is it to be scared of it? It is very realistic. Because you’re going to space. So it hasn’t been tried out enough. If you do this next year, you’d be one of the first people to do so. So there are many risks. Even Richard Branson acknowledges this. He had revealed his intention of building a spaceplane in 2004. 
He thought space tourism would be possible by 2007. But after so many problems and hurdles, one of his test flights crashed in 2014. In which some people were even killed. Now, this is finally ready in 2021. His test flight has been successful. But there are many risk factors apart from the flight crashing.
 Because generally when Astronauts go into space, they are given severe training to do so. But when space tourists will go to space, they will not undergo any health checkup or fitness checkup. So we don’t know what problems they may have to face. Additionally, the impact of zero gravity on the human body, has never been studied in the long term. Because space travel is a very recent phenomenon. 
Additionally, the G-force that you’d have to face, and the radiation at that level maybe quite high. These are also some factors. Though, the Federal Aviation Administration of the USA has said that the radiation that you might experience at that height will be insignificant and not a cause for worry. But looking at the other risk factors, when you’d go to do this, obviously, they will get a form signed by you like shown in the film Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara. Before skydiving, you need to sign a liability waiver form. If there’s any harm to you, then it is your responsibility.
 The company will not bear any responsibility. Now, let’s talk about the environmental impact. Many people have criticised all three billionaires on this point. That space tourism will be something that only the rich can afford. Only the top 0.1% of people. But it will lead to so much pollution and the environmental impact of this will be so large, that it is very disproportionate.
 The other people will not get the opportunity to do this but the environmental impact on the Earth will have to be borne by the others as well. Talking about Virgin Galactic, the CO2 emissions in a normal flight per passenger per mile is at 0.2kg here you’d get 12 kg of CO2 emissions. 
A difference of 60 times. Apart from this, Nitrous Oxide, when it’ll be released into our atmosphere, it will lead to ozone depletion. You’ve learnt in school how important the ozone layer is in our atmosphere. It protects us from the ultraviolet rays of the sun. 
The second problem is that when these rockets take off from the land so much heat is generated, that the ozone levels increase at ground level. Ozone near the surface is useless. Higher in the atmosphere, it is beneficial. An increase in ozone at the ground level will be harmful to us. Losing ozone from the ozone layer will be harmful to us. And this will be the result of space tourism. 
Ozone will increase near the surface and decrease from the atmosphere. In the case of Jeff Bezos too, even if no harmful gasses are emitted from his rocket, when it takes off from the ground, it will lead to a lot of heat being generated. This again leads to a threat to the ozone levels. These are some points that we’d have to remember in the near future. When space tourism will become more common. And these billionaires will have to come up with their solution.

GATE..IS IT REALLY WORTH?

                             GATE


A dream and goal of many is to clear GATE before completing their B. Tech or B.E. Degrees. But the unfortunate is that only some rare blossoms get through it as the average pass percentage of the exam is approximately 17-20% of all branches. And now some science and humanities branches are also included in the exam. Most of the aspirants who clear GATE with maximum ranks is the third or above attempters. 

The fun is that even some lecturers or professors of tier 2 and 3 colleges attend GATE coaching classes in the training institutes for getting a PSU job while some leave PSU’s and come to coaching institutes and teach for the upcoming batches as they say, it is stressful working there.  Some ultra legends are starting their own coaching institutes as they can earn double the amount of what PSU’s pay if they take efforts to reach out to the aspirants.

STRATEGIES ON YOUTUBE:

   When talking about strategy, the first screen of the mind is YT. there are ‘n’ number of videos in YT on topics like 50 days strategy and full syllabus crash course within 2 months and so on.. there are still some searchers looking for strategies like “HOW TO CLEAR GATE WITHOUT STUDYING!!!?”.. Hey guys where do you all exist? Some aspirants put vlog of their full day studies and earn income which is mostly viewed by the new bloomers of GATE.

WHY SHOULD YOU ATTEMPT GATE?

      It shapes your consistency and boosts your confidence in case you go for placements in core companies. If you are of an average type of college, then go for it and never miss it at any chance. You get a great confidence and believe in yourself for attempting more exams related to the field. 

  REAL PROVED STRATEGIES:

1. Go for syllabus coverage at the first level or get an idea of subjects.

2. List out the major, minor and easy subjects.

3. Categorize your importance and view the weightage of questions on the subjects.

4. Starting increasing your pace for solving the questions.

5. Always pre-plan yourself for the day.

6. Getting alteast two test series is must before appearing for the exam.

7. Dedicate some time for hobbies, too, as they drive more concentration.

8. Avoid getting frustrated in the first attempt.

9. In any case, don’t panic.

10. Focus on one thing, that is your exams for Gate alone, make it your strength you will be able to do it.