Month: July 2021

Most important task when preparing a research interview

Introduction

We take interviews to get the story behind a participant’s experiences. Before we decide to take up an interview, we must articulate to ourselves what problems or needs we should be addressing using the information to be gathered by the interviews. The interviewer can pursue in-depth information about a topic. The interview may be beneficial as a follow-up to respondents to questionnaires. e.g., to further investigate their responses. Usually, we ask open-ended questions during interviews which helps us keep a clear focus on the intent of each question.

The Role of the Interviewer

The interviewer is the “jack-of-all-trades” in survey research. The interviewer’s role is complex and multifaceted. It includes the following tasks:

  • Locate and enlist the cooperation of respondents – the interviewer has to look for the respondent. There are times when the interviewer has to work at the least desirable time because that is when the respondents are available immediately. 
  • Motivate respondents to do a good job – The interviewer should be motivated and transfer the same energy to the respondent. If the interviewer does not take the work seriously, why would the respondent? The interviewer has to convey the importance of the research.
  • Clarify any confusion/concerns – The interviewer must be patient with the interviewees when they have to clear a doubt. Interviewers have to be able to think on their feet. The respondents may raise objections or concerns that are not anticipated. The interviewer has to be able to respond candidly and informatively.
  • Observe the quality of responses – Only the interviewer can judge the quality of the information whether the interview is personal or over the phone. Even a verbatim transcript will not adequately convey how seriously the respondent took the assigned task, gestures, or other information.
  • Conduct a good interview – Last, and certainly not least, the interviewer has to conduct good decorum! Every interview has a life of its own. Some respondents are motivated and attentive whereas others are distracted or disinterested. The interviewer also has good or bad days. Assuring a consistently high-quality interview is a challenge that requires constant effort.

Preparation for Interview

  1. Choose a setting with little distraction – The interviewee is an asset for us. We have to make sure that they are comfortable. Avoid loud lights or noises, etc. Often, they may feel more comfortable at their places of work or homes.
  2. Explain the purpose of the interview – The interviewee should be familiar with the purpose of the interview.
  3. Address terms of confidentiality – Explain the terms of confidentiality to the interviewee beforehand. You have to be careful while doing this. You can rarely promise anything as the information might be accessible by certain officials or higher authorities. Explain who will get access to their answers and how they are analyzed. If you’re using their comments as quotes, get their permission beforehand.
  4. Explain the format of the interview – Be clear with the type of interview you will be conducting and explain its nature to the interviewee. If you want them to ask questions, specify if they’re to do so as they have them or wait until the end of the interview.
  5. Indicate how long the interview usually takes –  People do not want to waste their time. Give the interviewee an approx time that the interview might take.
  6. Ask them if they have any questions – Before you start the interview and after you end the interview, make sure that the interviewee has no questions or confusion.
  7. Don’t count on your memory to recall their answers – Ask their permission to record the interview or carry a notepad for pointers.

Types of Interviews

  1. Informal, conversational interview – There is no predetermined set of questions. We should remain as open and adaptable as possible to the interviewee’s nature and priorities. The interviewer should go with the flow.
  2. General interview guide approach – This approach intends to ensure that the interviewer collects the same information from each interviewee. This approach is more focused than the conversational approach but still allows freedom and adaptability in getting information from the interviewee.
  3. Standardized, open-ended interview – In this approach, the interviewee is free to answer the question in whatever way they want. (they don’t have to select yes or no or any numeric rating) This approach facilitates faster interviews that can be more easily analyzed and compared.
  4. Closed, fixed-response interview – This approach tends to fix a set of questions that the interviewer asks all the interviewees. They have to choose answers from among the same set of alternatives. 

Types of Topics in Questions

Patton notes six kinds of questions. One can ask questions about:

  1. Behaviors – Ask about what they are doing currently or what experience do they have from the past. 
  2. Opinions/values – A person’s opinion describes them. Ask what they think about a topic.
  3. Feelings – Look for the feelings of the interviewee. Make sure that the interviewee is giving their personal opinion and experience. 
  4. Knowledge – Try to get facts about the relevant topic.
  5. Sensory – Ask about their sensation towards the topic. About what people have seen, touched, heard, tasted, or smelled.
  6. Background/demographics – Ask basic questions to know about the interviewee. (age, height, occupation)

Sequence of Questions

  1. Involve the interviewee in the interview as soon as possible – Make the respondent comfortable quickly and cooperate during the interview.
  2. Before asking about controversial matters (such as feelings and conclusions), first, ask about some facts – With this approach, respondents can more easily engage in the interview before warming up to more personal matters.
  3. Intersperse fact-based questions throughout the interview – To avoid long lists of fact-based questions, which tends to leave respondents disengaged.
  4. Ask questions about the present before questions about the past or future – Respondents are comfortable answering about their present than answering about their future. In the beginning, ask about their present and then get into asking about their future.
  5. The last questions might allow respondents to provide any other information they prefer to add and their impressions of the interview – Give the respondent the liberty to add any extra information they want to.

Wording of Questions

  1. The wording should be open-ended – Respondents should be able to choose their terms when answering questions.
  2. Questions should be as neutral as possible – Avoid wording that might influence answers, e.g., evocative, judgmental.
  3. One question at a time – The interviewer should not confuse the interviewee by asking too many questions at once.
  4. Questions must be transparent – This includes knowing any terms particular to the program or the respondents’ culture. There must not be any two-faced questions in the set.
  5. Be careful asking “why” questions – This type of question infers a cause-effect relationship that may not truly exist. These questions may also cause respondents to feel defensive, e.g., that they have to justify their response, which may inhibit their response to this and future question.

Conducting Interview

  1. Occasionally verify the tape recorder (if used) is working – If you’re using a recorder make sure you check it beforehand because you can’t afford to lose the interview.
  2. Ask one question at a time – when you ask too many questions at once, it will confuse the interviewee that eventually will lead the interview to go wrong.
  3. Attempt to remain as neutral as possible – Try not to show emotions to the interviewee’s answers. Pretend that you have heard it all before.
  4. Encourage responses – Be attentive and give occasional nods of the head, “uh-huh”s, etc.
  5. Be careful about the appearance when note-taking –  That is, if you jump to take a note, it may appear as if you’re surprised or very pleased about an answer, which may influence the answer to the future question.
  6. Don’t lose control of the interview – This can occur when respondents stray to another topic, take so long to answer a question that times begin to run out.

Immediately After Interview

  1. Verify if the tape recorder, if used, worked throughout the interview.
  2. Make any notes on your written notes – Clarify any scratchings, ensure to number the pages, fill out any pointers that don’t make sense, etc.
  3. Write down any observations made during the interview – For example, where did the interview occur and when, was the respondent particularly nervous at any time? Were there any surprises during the interview? Did the tape recorder break?

UP Population policy

According to UP’s proposed policy, those who do not adhere to the two-child norm will be left out of government welfare schemes (Reuters Photo)
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NEW DELHI: Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state in the country, has announced that it wants to control population to promote sustainable development with more equitable distribution. The BJP government in the state has floated a proposal that focuses on disincentivising couples from having more than two children and rewards those who have only one child.READ ALSO

Chief minister Yogi Adityanath unveiled the draft Bill of the UP Population Policy

 2021-2030 on the World Population Day. The proposed legislation for population control has become a major political flashpoint in the state which is all set to go to polls next year.

Not just UP, several other states are also working to implement population control measures. However, some experts cite the decreasing total fertility rate to argue that India may not need such drastic measures to control population.

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What are the main provisions of the UP population control policy?

The UP CM has said the sole aim of the draft policy is to align the state’s reproductive rate to its development goals.

It also aims at bringing down the gross fertility rate among women to 2.1 by 2026 and to 1.9 by 2030.

In the draft of the Uttar Pradesh Population (Control, Stabilization, and Welfare

) Bill-2021 issued by the State Law Commission, ‘Bacche Do He Acche’ has been highlighted.

The proposed policy announces several incentives for parents who follow the two-child policy or have only one child.
Here’s a look at some of them:

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Similarly, for those who do not adhere to this norm, there will be several disincentives according to the proposed draft bill.

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Which other states have a two-child policy?

Two BJP-ruled states, Assam and Karnataka are moving towards implementing a two-child policy.

At least 12 states had at some point in time implemented the two-child policy for government employees. The states included Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Uttarakhand.

However, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh later revoked the policy.

The opposition in Uttar Pradesh has hit out at the Yogi government over the proposed population policy, terming it as “election propaganda” to divert people’s attention from failures on various fronts ahead of assembly elections next year.

Samajwadi Party (SP) MP from Sambhal, Shaqfiqur Rahman Barq said the state government should ban marriages if it wants to stabilise the rising population.

“A lot of births are taking place in China and you (India) are stopping people from having children. A time will come when we will be very few. If there is a war, then from where will you bring people to fight,” Barq said.

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VHP

 working president Alok Kumar sent a missive to the state law commission saying UP should avoid giving incentives to parents with a single child as this can affect the state’s demography. He cited the cases of Assam and Kerala, where Muslim population growth has surpassed that of Hindus.

Bihar chief minister Nitish Kumar, whose JD(U) is an ally of the BJP, opposed population control policy and said that merely framing a law would not serve any purpose as far as the issue of population control is concerned. He stressed the need for proper education and awareness among women to achieve the objective.

Work like you don't need the money. Love like you've never been hurt. Dance like nobody's watching. (14)

Why we may not need a population control law

Is there a merit in opposition claims against population control laws? While increasing population has been a bane for the country, data shows that the trend of population rise is reversing in many states including Uttar Pradesh. Two indicators, TFR, replacement TFR

 show that population in several states is already on the decline. At least 18 states have already attained below replacement total fertility rate (TFR).

While the fertility rate indicates the average number of children that each woman will give birth to during her reproductive years, replacement level fertility is the level of fertility at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next.

It is assumed that for a country’s population to remain stable, the total fertility rate should be 2.1.

In 1950-55, India’s total fertility rate was 5.9. The rate has declined steadily since 1975 to touch 2.2. Experts believe that the fertility rate in India is projected to fall to 1.93 by 2025.
https://toi-infographics.indiatimes.com/graphs/zn1Sc/3/#amp=1

As per the Fifth National Family Health Survey (NFHS) the total fertility rate has decreased across the majority of the states.

According to the data, only three states — Manipur (2.2), Meghalaya (2.9) and Bihar (3.0) — have TFR above replacement levels.
Uttar Pradesh fertility rate

Data from the National Family Healthy Survey done in 2019-20 (NFHS-5) has not yet been released for Uttar Pradesh. But going by National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) (2015-16), the fertility rate in Uttar Pradesh has declined from 4.1 to 2.7 during 1998 to 2016.
https://toi-infographics.indiatimes.com/graphs/V2DXJ/1/#amp=1
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However, this decrease is not uniformly spread, the rural areas have marginally high TFR.

As per NFHS-4 data of 2015-16, the total fertility rate for urban areas in Uttar Pradesh was 2.1 while for rural areas it was 3.0. UP’s TFR was 3.8 in 2005-06 (NFHS-3). In 1998-99, UP’s total fertility rate was 4.01.

Religion-wise, the fertility of Hindus was 2.7 in 2015-16 and that of Muslims was 3.1.
Why the two-child policy law might be a problem

Given these statistics, some experts feel population control laws could lead to problems of imbalance in the future.

China had enforced a one-child norm in the 1980s. However, it was forced to abandon the policy because of the skyrocketing aged dependents, insufficient people of working age, and a huge excess of aged people needing costly medical care. China now urges couples to have more children.

The NFHS-4 data on birth order showed that the highest proportion of births was among women with no schooling.
https://toi-infographics.indiatimes.com/graphs/rvsZd/1/#amp=1

The lowest proportion of births of the third or fourth child or beyond was among women who had completed 12 years of schooling. According to the census, Muslims have the lowest literacy level (37%).

Experts have said the two-child policy could have worrying impacts including sex-selective and unsafe abortions, worsening sex ratio and will fuel economic disparity.

In December last year, in response to a PIL seeking a population control law based on the China model, the government told the Supreme Court that India was on the verge of achieving a replacement level of fertility rate of 2.1 through various voluntary birth control measures.

It further said that international experience like the China model showed that any coercion to have a certain number of children was counterproductive and would lead to demographic distortion.

The Centre had listed a dozen schemes being implemented to achieve a replacement fertility rate of 2.1 by 2025.

Either way, UP’s draft policy on population control has opened up the debate on the two-child policy once again. If enacted, the provisions of the proposed legislation titled ‘The Uttar Pradesh Population (Control, Stabilization and Welfare) Bill, 2021’ will come into force after one year from the date of publication in the Gazette.

The draft bill is open for public suggestions till July 19.

Economic Development

The field of development economics is concerned with the causes of underdevelopment and with policies that may accelerate the rate of growth of per capita income. While these two concerns are related to each other, it is possible to devise policies that are likely to accelerate growth (through, for example, an analysis of the experiences of other developing countries) without fully understanding the causes of underdevelopment.
Studies of both the causes of underdevelopment and of policies and actions that may accelerate development are undertaken for a variety of reasons. There are those who are concerned with the developing countries on humanitarian grounds; that is, with the problem of helping the people of these countries to attain certain minimum material standards of living in terms of such factors as food, clothing, shelter, and nutrition. For them, low per capita income is the measure of the problem of poverty in a material sense. The aim of economic development is to improve the material standards of living by raising the absolute level of per capita incomes. Raising per capita incomes is also a stated objective of policy of the governments of all developing countries. For policymakers and economists attempting to achieve their governments’ objectives, therefore, an understanding of economic development, especially in its policy dimensions, is important. Finally, there are those who are concerned with economic development either because they believe it is what people in developing countries want or because they believe that political stability can be assured only with satisfactory rates of economic growth. These motives are not mutually exclusive. Since World War II many industrial countries have extended foreign aid to developing countries for a combination of humanitarian and political reasons.
Those who are concerned with political stability tend to see the low per capita incomes of the developing countries in relative terms; that is, in relation to the high per capita incomes of the developed countries. For them, even if a developing country is able to improve its material standards of living through a rise in the level of its per capita income, it may still be faced with the more intractable subjective problem of the discontent created by the widening gap in the relative levels between itself and the richer countries. (This effect arises simply from the operation of the arithmetic of growth on the large initial gap between the income levels of the developed and the underdeveloped countries. As an example, an underdeveloped country with a per capita income of $100 and a developed country with a per capita income of $1,000 may be considered. The initial gap in their incomes is $900. Let the incomes in both countries grow at 5 percent. After one year, the income of the underdeveloped country is $105, and the income of the developed country is $1,050. The gap has widened to $945. The income of the underdeveloped country would have to grow by 50 percent to maintain the same absolute gap of $900.) Although there was once in development economics a debate as to whether raising living standards or reducing the relative gap in living standards was the true desideratum of policy, experience during the 1960–80 period convinced most observers that developing countries could, with appropriate policies, achieve sufficiently high rates of growth both to raise their living standards fairly rapidly and to begin closing the gap.
The impact of discontent
Although concern over the question of a subjective sense of discontent among the underdeveloped and developing countries has waxed and waned, it has never wholly disappeared. The underdeveloped countries’ sense of dissatisfaction and grievance arises not only from measurable differences in national incomes but also from the less easily measurable factors, such as their reaction against the colonial past and their complex drives to raise their national prestige and achieve equality in the broadest sense with the developed countries. Thus, it is not uncommon to find their governments using a considerable proportion of their resources in prestige projects, ranging from steel mills, hydroelectric dams, universities, and defense expenditure to international athletics. These symbols of modernization may contribute a nationally shared satisfaction and pride but may or may not contribute to an increase in the measurable national income. Second, it is possible to argue that in many cases the internal gap in incomes within individual underdeveloped countries may be a more potent source of the subjective level of discontent than the international gap in income. Faster economic growth may help to reduce the internal economic disparities in a less painful way, but it must be remembered that faster economic growth also tends to introduce greater disruption and the need for making bigger readjustments in previous ways of life and may thus increase the subjective sense of frustration and discontent. Finally, it is difficult to establish that the subjective problem of discontent will bear a simple and direct relationship to the size of the international gap in incomes. Some of the apparently most discontented countries are to be found in Latin America, where the per capita incomes are generally higher than in Asia and Africa. A skeptic can turn the whole approach to a reductio ad absurdum by pointing out that even the developed countries with their high and rising levels of per capita income have not been able to solve the subjective problem of discontent and frustration among various sections of their population.
Two conclusions may be drawn from the above points. First, the subjective problem of discontent in the underdeveloped countries is a genuine and important problem in international relations. But economic policy acting on measurable economic magnitudes can play only a small part in the solution of what essentially is a problem in international politics. Second, for the narrower purpose of economic policy there is no choice but to fall back on the interpretation of the low per capita incomes of the underdeveloped countries as an index of their poverty in a material sense. This can be defended by explicitly adopting the humanitarian value judgment that the underdeveloped countries ought to give priority to improving the material standards of living of the mass of their people. But, even if this value judgment is not accepted, the conventional measure of economic development in terms of a rise in per capita income still retains its usefulness. The governments of the underdeveloped countries may wish to pursue other, nonmaterial goals, but they could make clearer decisions if they knew the economic cost of their decisions. The most significant measure of this economic cost can be expressed in terms of the foregone opportunity to raise the level of per capita income.
Shortage of savings:
Given the broad relationship between capital accumulation and economic growth established in growth theory, it was plausible for growth theorists and development economists to argue that the developing countries were held back mainly by a shortage in the supply of capital. These countries were then saving only 5–7 percent of their total product, and it was manifest (and it remains true) that satisfactory growth cannot be supported by so low a level of investment. It was therefore thought that raising the savings ratio to 10–12 percent was the central problem for developing countries. Early development policy therefore focused on raising resources for investment. Steps toward this end were highly successful in most developing countries, and savings ratios rose to the 15–25 percent range. However, growth rates failed even to approximate the savings rates, and theorists were forced to search for other explanations of differences in growth rates.

The central problem of countries with low per capita output is that they have not as yet succeeded in making use of their potential economic opportunities. To do so, they must achieve an efficient allocation of the available resources and provide incentives for resource accumulation. But efficient allocation of resources is not merely a matter of the formal optimum conditions of economic theory. It requires the building up of an effective institutional and organizational framework to carry out the allocation of resources. In the private sector this requires the development of a well-articulated market system that embraces the markets for final products and the markets for factors of production. In the public sector the development of the organizational framework requires improvements in the administrative machinery of the government, especially in its fiscal machinery.
In the setting of the developing countries, one is concerned not only with the once for all problem of efficient allocation of resources but also with improving the capacity of these countries to make a more effective use of their resources over a period of time. That is to say, one is concerned not only with the static problem of the efficient allocation of given resources with the given organizational framework but also with dynamic problems of improving the capability of this framework. From this point of view, there is no conflict, as some have maintained, between the static, or the short-run, considerations and the dynamic, or long-run, considerations. The two sets of requirements move in the same direction.

How to get your dream job

When you’re looking for a new job, think of yourself as the solution to your target employer’s problem. Every hiring manager’s primary goal is to look good, to progress in their own role. You will perform best in job selection processes if you can help them achieve that goal. They look good when they hire people who help their colleagues solve whatever problem they’re facing, whether increasing sales, improving operations or developing go-to-market strategy for a new product.
Particularly if you’re transitioning from a different function or industry, you may not have solved these exact problems in the past. Even if you’re coming from the same function and industry, every company is different, so you’ll have to do some translation to help hiring managers understand how you can solve their companies’ problems.
Read every job description you see as a problem that the employer is looking to solve. If they’ve written it thoughtfully, the responsibilities will reveal the problem at hand. However, job descriptions are often not written with great care or updates. Since the rate of change is faster now than ever before, the problems any employer is facing are definitely changing. Which is why networking is now such a critical part of any job search. Real-time conversations with employees from the company and team that you’re hoping to join will reveal a lot more about the problems they’re facing than any publicly available information.

Once you’ve understood the problems that the employer is looking to solve, you can make yourself the obvious candidate by positioning yourself as the ideal solution to those problems. Here are the specific steps to get there.

Understand the problem.

Do your homework online and offline in informal coffee chats to understand the company and the team you’d like to join. What’s changing most rapidly in their industry? What’s happening at the firm’s leadership levels? What does the C-suite write and talk about? Listen carefully, ask thoughtful questions and take notes so you’re sure to retain all the information you’re gathering.Frame yourself as the solution.

If you’re listening carefully, you’ll learn their language in these conversations. Do they refer to managers as ‘bosses,’ ‘supervisors,’ ‘leaders,’ or otherwise? Pick up on specific vocabulary as well as tone. And then describe how you’d solve the problems you’re hearing, based on specific examples from your past experience, recounted in their language. A dose of humility is important here – be confident about your ability to help without trivializing the challenges they’re facing.
Describe how your skills could solve an employer’s problem, humbly and in their language.
Share your excitement about solving their problem.
The (right) reason for all the push for diversity in the workplace is for every problem, there is a perfectly-suited person to solve it out there somewhere. What is a daunting problem to many will be a rewarding challenge for the right person to take on. Once you’ve understood the target employer’s problem and explained how your skills and experience will solve it (in their language, remember), show and tell how excited you would be to be the one charged with solving this problem, for this company. Positioning yourself as the solution to employers’ problems forces you to take an empathetic view of their situation. This approach prevents the defensive or arrogant tone that interviews can elicit, under pressure to justify our past experience or training. When you take the time to understand the employer’s problem, you speak to your qualifications as the resource they are to solve that problem. Any successful consultant knows this is the surefire way to get hired: paint a picture of what a client’s situation would look like after their engagement.
By the way, positioning yourself as a solution in this way can also get you hired for roles that don’t exist yet. If you listen carefully enough, and study your target industry, you may identify problems – and solutions – before an employer.

JEE MAINS 2021:

The JEE (Main) 2021 session 4 will now be held on 26th, 27th and 31st August, and on 1st and 2nd September 2021

How To Attempt Computer Based Questions Answer

The JEE (Main) 2021 session 4 will now be held on 26th, 27th and 31st August, and on 1st and 2nd September 2021, informed Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan on Thursday. The National Testing Agency (NTA) has been advised to provide a gap of four weeks between session 3 and session 4 of the JEE(Main) 2021 Exam, he said.

A total of 7.32 lakh candidates have already registered for JEE(Main) 2021 session 4. Registrations for the JEE (Main) session 4 is still in progress and dates for registration will be further extended upto 20th July.

Earlier, the third edition of engineering entrance exam was scheduled to be held from July 20 to 25 and the fourth edition from July 27-August 2. However, the exam was postponed due to Covid situation.

The NTA had stated that the remaining two sessions of the JEE (Main) —2021 would resume from July 20, 2021. In order to address the pandemic, the number of cities had been increased from 232 to 334.

Earlier this month, the NTA said that the postponed sessions of the JEE-Main exam would be conducted at 828 centres in all sessions instead of the previous 660.

“In order to address the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, the number of cities have been increased from 232 to 334. The number of examination centres in every shift will also be increased from 660 to 828,” said Sadhana Parashar, senior director of NTA.

The admit card for the third session of the JEE-Main 2021 has been released by the the testing agency. According to a document of the NTA, candidates who had applied earlier for “session 3 (April 2021) (postponed) BE/BTech Paper I” were given time between 6 to 8 July to modify their particulars.

This year, the examination authority is giving students a choice to answer 75 questions (25 each in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics) out of 90 (30 each in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics).

Merit list/ranking will be prepared based on the best score of candidates.

JEE Main 2021 is also being conducted in 13 languages including Hindi, English, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu.

GOA

The Beach Capital of India

There was a time when the sole reason people worked was to earn money so they could save it up to secure their kid’s future. But the times have changed drastically. Today’s modern man earns money for himself and spends it on himself and the first thing that pops up in the mind when he thinks of self-care is TRAVEL. No one ever travels just because they have to spend their money, but because those travels are extremely meaningful. A trip is supposed to soothe you and rejuvenate your mind in every way possible. 

One of the most favorite tourist destinations of India is GOA. Goa is an Indian state with coastlines stretching along the Arabian Sea. It is known for its nightlife, the beaches, and most importantly its weather. As of October 2020, Goa is the 11th best tourist destination in the world. No wonder tourists from all over the world crowd the streets of Goa all year round. You combine the scenic beach views and the extravagant nightlife and you have got yourself a hell of a vacation.

For first time travelers, here’s a guide of everything that Goa has to offer:

1. Breathtaking Beaches: Goa is definitely the Beach capital of India. The state stretches along 100 km of the Arabian coastline and thus has around 35 beaches each with a spectacular view and its own calming vibe. Some of the more famous beaches include the Calangute & Candolim beach, Vagator beach, Arambol, and the tourist favorite The Baga beach.
2. Mouth-watering Food: If you enjoy experimenting with different cuisines, then you are in for a treat. Goan cuisine is mainly seafood-centric. Rice and fish are the staple food of natives of Goa. All tourist restaurants across the state offer variety of food items with their own touch of spice. You can experiment as much as you want and if you are not much of a risk-taker, you can enjoy your native cuisines at any restaurant and feel like you are home.

3. Adventure activities: Goa is famous for its water sports. Surfing, deep-sea diving, snorkeling, kayaking, flyboarding, parasailing, you name it and they have got it. More fun activities include paragliding, trekking, hiking, camping, bungee jumping, etc. All these activities will really get that adrenaline pumping.

4. Night Life: Goa is the beach capital and the party capital of India. During the night time, the beaches are full of tourists dancing and singing to the tunes played by the DJ. There is fun and enjoyment for as far as the eye can see. Each beach has its own different vibe to offer. The streets are always crowded with people irrespective of what time of night it is. 

5. Historic Sites: Goa is not only about the scenery, the parties, or the beaches, it is also historically significant. Goa was once ruled by the Portuguese for over 450 years. It was later liberated and recognized as a state in India in1961. Some of the major historical sites in Goa include:
• Aguada Fort: This fort was built by the Portuguese and it has to offer some of the most beautiful scenery. Many Bollywood movies have been shot at the fort and let’s face it who doesn’t want to experience those ‘Di Chahta Hai’ feels.
• The Churches: One word that would accurately describe the Churches of Goa is magnificent. Each one tells a different story and all of them are worth knowing. Basilica of Bom Jesus, Church of Our Lady of Immaculate Conception, Se Cathedral, Church of Our Lady of the Mount, Santa Cruz Church, are some of the churches you can visit on your first trip and get a taste of history.
• The Temples: For all those who are spiritual and enjoy visiting holy sites to replenish themselves, Goa is the place for you too. Having a history as old as almost 500 years, there are various temples, churches, and masjids. Some of the most eye-pleasing and soul-soothing temples one must visit are Mangeshi Temple, Shanta Durga Temple, Mahadev Temple, Chandreshwar Boothnath Temple, Brahma Temple, Mahalaxmi Temple, and Kamakshi Temple.
• Other forts: Other than the Aguada fort, there are other sites one can visit if they wish to explore the entire state in one trip. Some of the other forts include Chapora Fort, Tiracol Fort, Reis Magos Fort, Cabo de Rama Fort, Corjuem Fort.

6. Dudhsagar Falls: Dudhsagar falls is a breathtaking waterfall located 60kms from Goa. This place is a must-visit for everyone who is planning their first trip to the state. The sound of the water falling and birds chirping around in the forest is exactly what you need to experience before you end your trip. Every aspect of that place makes the trip worth it. The best time to visit the falls is around monsoon when the milky white water is gushing down the hill.

7. Shopping: Last but not the least, Goa has a lot to offer to the people who love to shop. The streets are filled with little shops where you can find clothes, decorative items, or souvenirs to remember the trip.

If you plan to visit Goa, all you need to do is spend a week there and you will find yourself craving to come back every year. However, it does not matter where you travel as long as you can appreciate everything that place has to offer. Travel before it is too late. Travel and let your mind feel the joy.

“The world is a book and those who do not travel read only one page.” ~ Saint Augustine

Cooking….

Cooking, cookery, or culinary arts is the art, science, and craft of using heat to prepare food for consumption. Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting local conditions.

Types of cooking also depend on the skill levels and training of the cooks. Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.

Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans. It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.

conclusion

Cooking can be more than just making food for day-to-day meals. It can transform routine to a passion. Cooking may be the oldest and most widespread application of chemistry and recipes may be the oldest practical result of chemical research. We have illustrated just a few food items and the chemistry behind them.

Why you should stop junk food?

Photo by Erik Mclean on Pexels.com

You must be having some kind of junk food today also right? So basically junk food can be simply described as the low nutrition and high calorie food. People have started consuming much of it in their life but if they get to know about the damage they are causing to their body iam sure they will regret eating it. All the pre-prepared and packaged food are no doubt tasty but they are high in sodium, saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol and isn’t something you should eat often.

Eating the junk gives us pleasure but on a regular basis leads to increased risk of obesity and chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and some cancers. 

Junk food can be surely termed as a slow killer if you get to know how they are prepared in the restaurants and what are the ingredients used in its preparation you will never touch it again. But the taste is something that attracts us to it more and more.

People are taking baby steps to stop consuming it because slowly they have started realising it but the number of them are quite few. Really wanna know what happens when you stop eating junk food?

  1. You can easily go to a fit figure from that round one just by quitting the junk food like potato chips ,burgers and many more because they are rich in calories which leads to the bad fat in the body.
  2. Cravings are common but you can control them by replacing the unhealthy junk with that of nutritious fruits and vegetables to keep your tummy fill.
  3. Excessive oil and junk also cause damage to the skin ,leads to pimples which is a big problem nowadays as people have become very fascinated about their beauty. So if you need a glowing and good skin . Just stop!! Junk food.
  4. It also leads to avoid mood swings and provide a person with a better sleep and happiness in life by providing proper nutrition.
Hand holding fast food in silver dish with stop signal. Illustration about eating with wrong.

References:

  • National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United states, 2016: with chartbook on long-term trends in health. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus16.pdf#053. Published May 2017. Accessed March 8, 2018.2. 
  • Murray CJ, Atkinson C, Bhalla K, et al. ; US Burden of Disease Collaborators. The state of US health, 1990-2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. JAMA. 2013;310:591-608.

Doing what we love

My biggest fear in life is to settle down with a job that pays me well. A dream of many but a fear of mine. I want constant change. So, I can experience more. I want to live my life to the fullest. I want to make sure I do not settle anywhere.

I knew the life I wanted from a young age. But, that doesn’t mean it is an easy path. Our society expects a stereotypical decent job from us. Society wants to do what is easy. It wants us to start existing and forget living.

I cannot just exist. I want to live.

Living and existing both means to stay alive. But, existing is living a boring life and doing what is necessary for survival. While living is enjoying our time doing things we love.

Living doesn’t mean that you forget about your job. Our world is a place where we have to pay money to live. The concept does not make sense to me. But it is the sad truth. So we do have to earn to live.

For me living would require doing what I love and not just on the weekends. When I say I want to live, I mean that I want to enjoy my job. Which is a bizarre idea for people around me. To them, having a job or being successful cannot be fun.

What we all have to understand is that success is different for everyone. For some people, success will be settling down because they fear struggles. But, for me, success is doing what makes me happy. I know that my only way of succeeding in life is doing what I am passionate about.

When we are young, we all have a will to live our life to the fullest.  But we grow up and are forced into reality. We get trapped in rules and responsibilities. We forget our true selves and start falling into the trap of existing. Existing is always accepted by society. Society wants us to simply exist.  Even if it makes us unhappy.

We need to put a stop to that. We need to take life into our control. We don’t have to live a boring life for safety and security. All of us have a purpose in our life. Every single person has something that they love and would be good at. But, our society forces us to put our dreams aside.

A lot of people also fear not having a plan in their life. Which doesn’t make sense. You cannot expect 17-year-olds who barely have life experiences to choose what they want to do in their life. Things do not even go according to our plan. I know so many people who ended up doing things completely different than their plan.

So, I want you all to calm down. Take a moment to find yourself. Do what will make you happy.

It is your life. You are allowed to do what makes you feel alive. Listen to the stories of successful people.  You will see them talking about how they stopped caring about society and following their dreams. That is what got them to a place where they are.

Waste Management: 4R’s Formula

Waste management has evolved into one of the most pressing issues facing humanity today. We are producing massive volumes of garbage of all types as a result of the phenomenal growth in human population and industrial activity. Waste can no longer be dumped or buried and forgotten because of its sheer size. Electronic garbage is one of the most complex wastes to manage.

Lead glass, batteries, mercury, cadmium, chromium, and ozone-depleting compounds are among the toxins found in e-waste (CFCs). Electronic garbage is responsible for 40% of lead and 70% of heavy metals detected in landfills. Groundwater contamination, air pollution, and soil acidification are all caused by these contaminants. Impaired brain development, cancer, and liver and kidney damage are among the health issues linked to such poisons.
Waste management is gradually becoming a sustainability concern, rather than just a problem to be solved. Waste management has evolved into a systematic process that includes the collection, transportation, and correct disposal of garbage, sewage, and other waste products, as well as the provision of various options for recycling and repurposing waste.

According to statistics, the globe created over 42 million tonnes of e-waste in 2014. India has surpassed China as the world’s fifth greatest producer of electronic garbage. Medical equipment accounts for around 8% of annual e-waste output, and it is increasing.

4R’s of waste management

  • Reduce: Producing more garbage and then attempting to control it consumes more resources and, in any case, increases dumping. Instead, campaigning for waste reduction in the first place is gaining traction. This entails extending the life of items and reducing use-and-throw options. Refurbishing medical equipment and utilising it for extended periods of time not only makes healthcare more inexpensive, but it also helps to reduce e-waste. The average life of medical equipment can be extended by at least 2-3 years with proper usage, frequent preventive maintenance, and calibration. We owe it to our environment to properly maintain our medical equipment so that it is not dumped unnecessarily and untimely.
  • Reuse: Use reusable alternatives whenever possible. As we all know, technology is always growing, and in the field of medical equipment, more items with higher capabilities are introduced every year. If hospitals want to improve their equipment, they could sell their existing used medical equipment to another hospital in tier II or III towns that could still use it. In hospitals, several medical devices are sanitised and reused on a frequent basis, including scissors, forceps, specula, and endoscopes.
  • Recycle: Breakdowns and a lack of spare parts are two of the most significant obstacles to utilising equipment longer. Electronic components and PCBs abound in medical equipment (Printed Circuit Boards). Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) such as the motherboard, power supply board, control board, transmit-receiving board, display board, Sensor Interface Boards, and others can all be repaired, which can help medical equipment last longer. Even X-Ray and CT tubes can be fixed and reused. In comparison to using newer parts or purchasing new equipment outright, these methods make it cheaper.
  • Repair: If a piece of medical equipment has reached the end of its useful life or is beginning to endanger the safety of a patient or user, it is best to dispose of it responsibly. Printed circuit boards contain a variety of elements that can be removed and utilised in new devices. E-waste contains ferrous metals, copper, silver, gold, and polymers, which can all be recycled and profitably repurposed in new goods.

Flowers- A Perfect Gift for Everyone!

Photo by Diana Akhmetianova on Pexels.com

“The glow of happiness and glee transpires within ourselves when a sparkling smile appears on the face of our loved ones.” 

A little endeavor we make for our beloved will be memorable for them. We are all riddled when it comes to making someone happy with our efforts and we spent numerous hours thinking, what would be the perfect incentive. So how to overcome the dilemma?

Gifts are one of the simplest things to make your beloved reach cloud nine. But with what? People often become bewildered when the topic comes to choose something which would be appealing and at the same time euphoric. So, the solution is concealed in our mother nature. Our nature provides us one of the most alluring gifts and that is flowers.

 “Flowers” – Yes, one of the simplest incentives to express our feelings and gratitude towards someone. Flowers are pure, delicate, flawless and it is the best present given by our mother nature.

      So, nature gives us the solution to all our dilemmas of thoughts. Flowers and bouquets are a fitting choice to be given everywhere and in every situation. To express your love, to apologize to someone, to manifest appreciation, to show gratitude, to congratulate someone, and of course last but not least, to gift someone as a token of love. Simple yet the most magnificent way and the kindliness act to show your love to someone.

Some relevant and interesting facts one should know why gifting flowers or bouquets would be delightful are as follows:

  1.  They represent your emotional bonding with the person: One can portray their emotional bonding to their beloved with flowers.

A painless act yet an effective way to get emotionally connected with your close ones. The receiver’s emotional level will extend with your small act of love. Flowers represent trust and love for the person. The bonding with your beloved enhances with the small efforts done by you.

  1. Flowers goes in all occasions: Flowers are universal, it is accepted at all occasions. Flowers can be offered at any situation, whether it is a blithe moment like birthdays, anniversaries or in a quandary situation like proposing someone special person in your life or to show condolences to a dead person, it is accepted everywhere.
  1. Flowers are a source of happiness:  Flowers represent love, care, joy, trust, respect, zeal, mirth, etc. Flowers have some elements of fascination. It brings a smile to a person’s face. Also, they are a sign of tranquillity. A person’s mood is highly enlightened if he/she has been given a flower.

“String of happiness is connected with each petal of a flower”.

4.Resemblance of divinity: Flowers help us to connect with the almighty. Offering flowers to the lord is a ritual in almost every religion.

 Every religion has its significance of offering flowers to its deity. Flowers connect our soul to our deity. We feel blissful in every aspect when we show our devotion through flowers.

  1. Flowers provide a calmness to the person: Flowers not only provide calmness but also make a person stress-free when he/she receives a flower.
  1. There are various flowers with various characteristic’s with various fragrances, but each one of the flowers is unique in their way, the aura of each flower makes magical. Flowers are mystical.

6. Are you regretting your rude behavior? Go give a flower: we are humans and doing mistakes is an inborn nature inscribed in all of us.

 But sometimes, we hurt someone’s sentiments which makes us feel vulnerable. So how to rectify? Happiness is the end of all solutions and flowers are the most astonishing thing on this planet.

 Flowers are the best option to apologize to the people with whom you have been intrusive and can balance your regret by showing your love for them, a simple flower will keep all the grudges away from your life.

7. A flower a day, keeps your romantic life full of enthusiasm: These vigorous flowers make a romantic life more jovial and contended if you give your partner a flower.

Gifting your romantic partner a flower a day will not only make your relationship strong but will bring positivity among the partners. Flowers bring positivity to every relation. Apart from romantic relations, a flower brings positivity in all types of relations.

8. A flower fixes every situation: we are uncertain in certain situations. Our perplexed thoughts withdraw our positivity and energy and rather we feel low. But flowers fix everything, it is like a tier in the cycle of our life and takes our life further with the happy moments.

Flowers speak more than us and no matter what the situation is, what the person is, it glorifies all the relation with a simple token of love. Sometimes being polite and calm can express all you want to say a person and a flower will help you to make your life brightened with its delicate petals. Want some flowers to convey a message?  Sing See Soon has a wide variety of flowers available for delivery in Singapore. Check them out today!

  So, what are you waiting for? Go get a flower and bring a smile to the face of your loved ones.

What Should All Women Do In Their 20s?

You know how there are all these motivational quotes on Pinterest, and Instagram about your twenties being some of the most crucial years of your life? The years you have the most room to fail, make mistakes, try new things and grow? Well, maybe there is something to this whole theory. I mean, nobody’s twenties can be held against them, it doesn’t matter how many faux pas you end up making, as long as you learn from them.

1. Saving for your future:

This is one is quite evident, the pay gap isn’t close to being remedied anytime soon, and we can’t wait on that whole process to come to fruition to start thinking of our financial security. This isn’t to say that your twenties should be spent penny-pinching, but, learning when and where to spend money is definitely worth it. So, think about how to start investing in mutual funds, stocks and consider getting health insurance. 

2. Start taking care of your mental health:

Whether you decide to do this by going to a therapist. Or, by maintaining bullet journals to track your mental health, meditating, taking healthy breaks and doing self-care rituals – your twenties are a great time to start recognising the importance of your mental health and taking care of it. 

3. Stop being afraid of authority figures:

As women (especially desi women) we’re often taught to respect and follow the lead of authority figures almost blindly. And naturally, this can lead to fears around speaking up in front of older people, school teachers or bosses. But this fear is rooted in a societal norm that is used to keep children from becoming a danger to themselves and the people around them. It isn’t a very sustainable practice beyond that point. 

Besides, women are policed way too much, and their autonomy isn’t taken very seriously. So to take control of ones narrative by speaking up in front of authority figures is an act of bravery that frankly deserves to be followed through more often. 

4. Start working on your confidence levels:

Your twenties are a great time to allow yourself to look silly, and shed any self-limiting beliefs you’ve been carrying around. Especially about how the world views you. For all you know, you are your biggest critic, and your mistakes aren’t as gigantic as you make them out to be in your mind. So, read as many self-help books, listen to as many life coaches and do one thing every day that scares the heck out of you, until you realise confidence is less about your image and reputation, and more about how you see yourself. 

5. Find a good gynaecologist for yourself:

This is a no brainer. A non-negotiable clause. Taking responsibility for yourself also includes taking care of your body, loving it and protecting it like you would a loved ones. Women are constantly going through it when it comes to their hormonal and reproductive health, so it’s really important to find a gynaecologist you feel super comfortable around, trust wholeheartedly, and can stick to for the long haul. 

6. Start investing in a capsule wardrobe:

As frivolous or as vain as this sounds, it’s actually a great way to manage your finances for the long run. Clothes are an investment, and if you have ten basic, high-quality pieces in your closet that you can style eighty different ways, with a few experimental items – you’ll save the money you’d be spending on clothes that might get tattered in six months. This is also a great way to curb the habit of going on compulsive (and pocket-burning) shopping sprees. 

7. Prioritise travelling more often:

Experiences teach you a lot and stay with you your whole life. Rather than cluttering your house, they’ll take up meaningful space in your mind as good memories. So, spending money on a travel experience is never a waste of money, or time. Especially if you make sure to learn about the different cultures you get to see. 

8. Invest in educating yourself:

Whether it’s going back to school to get a master’s degree or taking up online courses, or reading up on a certain subject – learning something new will add substance to your personality, and help you build a healthy relationship with yourself. It’ll teach you self-trust and independence on whole new level. 

9. Stop being afraid to make mistakes:

Allowing yourself the room to make mistakes builds resilience and leads to wisdom that can be used to better your future. Your twenties are the best (but not the only) decade to stop judging yourself and to push yourself past your comfort zone. It’s okay if you just got out of college and want to pursue a career that’s unrelated to your degree, or if you don’t even know what you want to do in life, confusion doesn’t always spell disaster. Without a bit of confusion, there would be no incentive to find clarity and discernment

10. Stop laughing at jokes you don’t find funny:

Often, women are conditioned to sit in discomfort and let any kind of disrespect slide, but you don’t have to continue living with the same set of beliefs. You can start living on your own terms and have healthy boundaries with people. And, boundaries are a lot about not accepting mistreatment, disrespect, or derogatory remarks especially if they’re disguised as jokes. 

This doesn’t mean you need to shut a joke down by being rude or disrespectful in return, but it is important to learn how to remove yourself from toxic situations and dynamics that cost you your mental health. You don’t have to play along with someone who is actively trying to make you feel uncomfortable. 

11. Start prioritizing your physical health:

Your physical health has a lot fo do with your brain chemistry. It’s all over the internet, all those studies about which chemicals release while we exercise and the hormones it helps balance out. So, clearly working out has its benefits. But, this does not mean you’ve to kill yourself in the gym or chase an unrealistic body standard. All you’ve to do is move your body and get some blood pumpin’. 

12. Find a solid support system:

Life is hard. And adulting is even harder. most people start adulting fully in their twenties. Just as spending some alone time and building a healthy relationship with yourself is important, making time for your family, and friends is also important. As you get older, life only gets busier, and more complicated, and we all need support through that. We all need a home team or a soul tribe, even if that’s just our two best friends from 7th grade. 

Panchali is a victim to fate-The Palace of Illusions

The Palace of Illusions by Chitra Banarjee Devakaruni (2008) reimagines the world famous Indian epic, the Mahabharta. The story has been narrated from Draupadi’s point of view. It is half history, half myth and wholly magical.

Since the eternity, Draupadi has been blamed for being the cause of the great war while the actions of men are neglected. Drauopadi has been a passive figure in the past but Chitra Banerjee gives her a voice, the authority to navigate. The plot of Palace of Illusions majorly focuses her relationship with Krishna and her secret longing for Karna.

Draupadi and her brother Drishtadyum were born out of fire sacrifice. Draupadi was not expected, however was accepted. Both the siblings had been their for each other from the beginning. Her love for Dhri (Drishtdyum) stopped Draupadi from marrying Karna because Dhri’s life was at stake. This decision, however, she would regret or lifetime.

By becoming the wife of five brothers- the Pandavas, it was clear, Panchali had no absolute control over her fate. Infact she herself said

“Aren’t we all pawns in the hands of time, the greatest player of them all.”

Karna’s vengeance did not stop the Vastraharan- the most shameful act in history and Panchali became its victim.The anger brewing in her made her seek revenge through her husband. This feeling of vengeance in Draupadi is given more weightage. But people fail to see the faults of her husband who in addiction of the game and to keep his so called words betted his wife’s pride.

When the war started , it was Sage Vyaasa who assure Draupadi that the war was the result of seed sown long ago and not her fault. Several hundreds lost lives, Panchali lost her brother, father and beloved Karna only to get the blame of being the cause of war.

Only at the end when she dies, she comes to know her origin.

Try to remember that you are the instrument and I the doer.

Krishna to Panchali

Therefore it is clear at the end that Panchali was just a pawn and this fate was chosen for her by the almighty. This novel justifies the allegations put on her since time eternal.

Free Britney Spears.

Entertainer Britney Spears attends the iHeartRadio Music Festival at the MGM Grand Garden Arena on September 21, 2013 in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Britney Spears’s private life has been on display ever since she burst on the scene back within the late ’90s with “…Baby another Time.” It seems that each few months, new questions arise about the conservatorship the pop icon has been under since 2008 (initially together with her father, Jamie Spears, in charge), with some fans even starting a #FreeBritney campaign.

a conservatorship is “a court case where a judge appoints a responsible person or organization (called the ‘conservator’) to worry for an additional adult (called the ‘conservatee’) who cannot look after himself or herself or manage his or her own finances.”
Spears may be a celebrity like no other — an A-list performer who pulls in many dollars a year but doesn’t have full control over her life or business affairs. Since her public unraveling in 2008, she has been subject to a court-approved conservatorship — known in other states as a legal guardianship — that provides her father authority over her finances and lots of personal decisions. Fans who believe the arrangement is meant to take advantage of instead of help her have adopted a hashtag and rallying cry: #FreeBritney.

There is a particular segment of the web that’s become convinced Britney is sending secret messages to fans posing for help. It really gained steam back in 2019 but seems to pop copy again every few months, especially when Brit is active on social media. The gist is that fans think Britney wants out of the conservatorship, and they’ve started a movement, #FreeBritney, to support her.

Team Software Process (TSP) – In Short

What is TSP ?

 TSP (Team Software Process) is a guideline for software product development teams.
 TSP focuses on helping development teams to improve their quality and productivity to better meet
goals of cost and progress.
 TSP is designed for groups ranging from 2 persons to 20 persons. TSP can be applied to large
multiple-group processes for up to 150 persons.
 There are 8 steps for implementing PSP and TSP. Each step is focused on solving particular process
problems.

1. Objectives of TSP

1.To build a self-directed teams that plan and track their work, establish goals and own their process
and plans. These can be pure software teams or integrated teams
2.Shows managers how to coach and motivate the team members so that they can give peak (high)
performance.
3.It accelerate (increases) the software process development

2. Goal of TSP

The goal of the TSP is to build a ―Self-Directed‖ project teams that organizes itself to produce high
quality software.

3. Activities of TSP

1) Project Launch: It reviews project objective and describes the TSP structure and content. It
assigns need and roles to the team members and describes the customers need statement.
2) High Level Design: it creates the high level design, specify the design, inspect the design and
develop the integration plan.
3) Implementation: This uses the PSP to implement the modules and the functions.
4) Integration and Testing: Testing builds and integrates the system.
5) Postmortem: Writes the cycle report and produces peer and team review.

4. TSP Advantages

  1. Defines roles and responsibilities for each team member.
  2. Track quantitative project data.
  3. Identifies a team process that is appropriate for the project and a strategy for implementing the process.
  4. Defines local standards that are applicable to the team‘s software engineering work;
  5. Continually assesses risk and reacts to it;
  6. Tracks, manages, and reports project status.

TSP & PSP Comparison

PSP TSP
1. PSP(Personal Software Process)provide a standard personal process structure for software developers1. TSP (Team Software Process) is a guideline for software product Development teams.
2. PSP consists of a set of methods, tables, scripts etc. that serve as a guideline for software developers to plan, measure and manage their  Work, including how to define their processes and measure quality and productivity.2. TSP focuses on helping development teams to improve their quality and productivity to better   meet goals of cost and progress.    
3. PSP skills are used in a TSP team Environment.3. TSP teams consist of PSP-trained developers who volunteer for areas of project responsibility, so the project is managed by the team Itself.
4. The PSP is a personal process that can be adapted to suit the needs of the individual developer.4. TSP uses team based planning sessions 
5. The Personal Software Process (PSP) is an SEI technology that brings discipline to the practices of individual software engineers for improving product quality and increasing cost. 5. The Team Software Process (TSP) is complementary SEI technology that enables teams   to develop software-intensive products more effectively.