Russia launched administrative proceedings against whatsapp for its failure to localise data of Russian users on Russian territory.There was no immediate comment from Facebook.
Russian court also fined Alphabet’s Google 3 million roubles for same offence. So, Whatsapp could be fined between 1 million to 6 million roubles.
India is a Diverse country with many Cultures, religions, Traditions and beliefs living in Harmony. The true meaning of Unity in Diversity. Today we’ll talk about the diverse Temple architecture of India.
As temples grew more complex, more surfaces were created for sculpture by adding more and more rhythmically projecting, symmetrical walls and niches, without breaking away from the fundamental plan of the shrine.
Poverty is a social phenomenon where few sections of society is unable to live sustainable life. Planning Commission(now NITI Aayog) is the aithoriy, which publishes the poverty estimates based on various rounds of National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) on monthly per capita consumption expenditure. In India the poverty line is defined on the basis of calories a day has been fixed for urban areas and 2400 calories in rural areas.
Universal Recall Period, consumption data for all items are collected for a 30 day recall period.
Causes of Rural Poverty:-
• Rapid population growth.
• Lack of capital.
• Lack of alternative employment opportunities other than agriculture.
• Excessive population pressure on agriculture.
• Illiteracy
• Regional disparities
• Joint family system
• Child marriage
• Lack of proper implementation of PDS ( Public Distribution System).
Causes of Urban Poverty:-
• Migration from rural areas.
• Lack of skilled labor.
• Lack of housing facilities.
• Limited job opportunities in cities.
• Lack of vocational training.
Poverty and its Study in India:- Various economists and organizations have studied the extent of poverty in India. Some of them are as follow:
Dandekar and Rath’s study of poverty in India:- Dr. VM Dandekar and Mr. Nilkantha Rath estimated the value of the diet with 2250 calories as the desired lowest level of nutrition.
Montek Singh Ahluwalia’s study of Rural poverty:- MS Ahulawalia studied the trends in incidence of rural poverty in India for the period 1956-57 to 1973-74. He used the concept of the poverty line, i.e. an expenditure level of rupees 15 in 196-61 for rural areas and rupees 20 per person for urban areas.
Estimate Poverty by the Seventh Finance Commission 1978:- The Seventh Finance Commission attempted to have a more inclusive concept of the poverty line. Since the NSS data cover the only household consumer expenditure, thus to get a more inclusive measure of welfare or deprivation, an estimate of the benefit of public expenditure was added to the private consumer expenditure norm for calculating the augmented poverty line.
Tendulkar Committee Report:- This committee moved away from just calorie criterion definition to a broader definition of poverty that also includes expenditure on health, education, clothing expenditures in addition to food. According to this report, 41.8% population in rural areas and 25.7% population in urban areas were living below the poverty line.
Rangarajan Report on Poverty:- The expert group under the Chairmanship of Dr. C Ranganrajan to review the methodology for measurement of poverty in the country constituted by the Planning Commission in June 2012 has submitted its report on 30th June 2014. The report retained consumption expenditure measures of NSSO as the basis for specifying poverty. Based on this, it pegged the total number of poor in India at 363 million or 29.6% of the population. This is higher than 269.8 million poor people or 21.9% pegged by the Suresh Tendulkar Committee.
Highlights of the Report:-
• The daily per capita expenditure is pegged at rupees 32 for rural areas and rupees 47 for urban areas.
• Poverty line based on the average monthly per capita expenditure is pegged at rupees 972 for rural areas and rupees 1047 for urban areas.
“A Stitch in Time Saves Nine” is a phrase and has a lot of wise meanings inside it when understood. This phrase reflects the hole in a cloth and tries to make the people understand that, a small hole in a cloth keeps on getting bigger if it is not fixed on time. It means that timely effort will help in preventing more work in future and also tries to teach – Prevention is Better than Cure. Hence, if a problem exists then one must fix it immediately. If not fixed in time. then even small problem can lead to a bigger problem.
This proverb is a learning for everyone. It is an important advice for everyone. It doesn’t target any specific person or age group or people rather a lesson for all, for everyone from different phases of life and walks of life. It advices the individual to carry out the responsibilities and immediately solve problem, how ever small and simple it may be.
FOR EXAMPLE: To students, it advices to get their doubts cleared from the beginning itself otherwise they will keep getting bigger and will need more time, affect the performance. Small doubts when not cleared will lead to bigger doubts and finally affect the scores. This advice is also important for officials and professionals and suggests them not to neglect the problems and postpone them. It is important to solve every problem with keen interest and sense of responsibility. Have you noticed, how with time the problems keep getting bigger and get things complicated ? This is what the proverb tries to teach everyone and warn us.
Action at right time and required moment saves a lot of time and effort in the future. Delayed actions, adds to the problems and aggravates them. Thus, we should tackle them before it gets difficult. This saying has a very valuable and rational meaning and has a lot to learn from.
What is passion fruit?
Passion fruit is the fruit of the Passiflora vine, a type of passion flower. The passion flower is the national flower of Paraguay. It has a tough outer rind and juicy, seed-filled center. There are two main types of passion fruit which I have never seen in my life, the purple and yellow varieties. There is a bit difference between purple and yellow varieties.
Passion fruit is a tropical fruit and as such its grown in tropical and temperate climates. Available in store pretty much all years round. Passion fruit is a nutritious fruit thats why gaining popularity in, among health conscious peoples.
You can find it when it’s not in season too, but it is still delicious.
Purple passion fruit are available throughout the year.
Benefits
Passion fruit has recently gained a lot of attention because it is a rich source of powerful antioxidants and may also have other health benefits.
It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and plant compounds that could benefit your health. It contains a high level of vitamin A which is important for skin, vision and immune system. Vitamin C is an important antioxidant that you need to get from your diet.
How to eat?
Take a knife and youre gonna cut it in half. Sometimes the skin may be little leathery and hard to cut through. The white film separating the rind from flesh is edible as well, but don’t eat it, as it is very bitter in taste. This is an alien fruit for me. It looks like some kind of jelly with seeds and now you just need a spoon and scoop it out. Seeds are really really easy to eat but they are a little crunchy. The taste is kind of sour, not as sour like a lemon.
Storing passion fruit
After ripening, this fruit can be kept for upto two weeks in the fridge. It will slow down the breakdown process and keep it cool. We all know sweet flavours are best when cold. You can also store it in a freezer. But make sure to put it in the freezer safe bag.
Citrus fruits are one of the nutritious fruits . This juicy ,sour or sweet flavored fruits are many types & is available in every corner of the world with their health benefactor nutrients . There are various types of citrus fruits available .
Some Citrus Fruits: 1)Pomelo: scientific name – Citrus maxima. It is actually originated from South East Asia. It is the biggest citrus genus fruit under Rutaceae family. It has white flower. It is very sweet in taste. And it is the forbearer of grapefruit. One of the ancestral citrus species .
2)Bergamot Orange: scientific name – Citrus bergamia. It is very fruit and with the color of beautiful yellow and green. It is hybrid fruit of other two citrus fruit , bitter orange and lemon Orange.
3)Bitter Orange: scientific name – Citrus aurantium. It is also called marmalade Orange or sour Orange. It is also originated from South East Asia. Its outer part is orange. It is a hybrid species.
4)Blood Orange: scientific name –Citrus sinensis. This name comes from the beautiful dark red colored juicy flash inside the orange. It is specially originated from Southern Mediterranean . Chrysanthemin is found in blood Orange in more amount than any other citrus fruit its outer peel is in color of orange.
5)Buddha’s Hand: Trinomial name –Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis. It is a very unique type of citrus fruit. It has some fingers like parts coming out from the main part. It is the colour of yellow. It can be found in India and China.
6)Desert lime: Scientific name–Citrus glauca. it is originated from Southern Australia New South Wales. It is very small size.
7)Citron: Scientific name – Citrus medica. Its origin is Asia. It is one of the original ancestor citrus fruit. It is very fragment and big sized.
8)Mandarin Orange: Scientific name – Citrus reticulata. It is also called Mandarine. It is a close species of orange. It is also a primary species of citrus.
9)Lemon: Scientific name –Citrus limon. It is also a hybrid spaces of citrus. It is originated from South Asia, specially Assam in India. Its color is young green or yellow. It has a very pleasant scent at its juice tests sour.
10)Graph fruit: Scientific name – Citrus paralisi. It is also a hybrid citrus plant. Once it was called forbidden fruit. It looks like tangerine but the flash inside is the color of pinkish red and it is sweet in taste. It grows in tree as same as graph Cluster. So, it is called grapefruit.
11)Tangerine: Scientific name – Citrus tangerine. It is also a hybrid species. Sometimes people mistake tangerine as Orange but orange and Tangerine are not same. Tangerine are quite small in size and sweet in flavor.
12)Sweet Orange: Scientific name – Citrus sinensis. It is related to bitter Orange. It is initially originated from Southern China, North part of India, Myanmar.
Apart from them there are many other citrus fruits are available in the World – Kaffir lime, key lime, kumquat, lime orobalonco, Papeda, Greek Citron, Amanatsu, Balady Citron, sweet lemon, Rangpur lime , Dekopon Orange(one of the costly orange in the world) and many more.
Available nutrients: The amount of nutrient varies for each citrus fruit. But the nutrients are same somewhat .
Health Benefit:
.
What is it?
The Ponzi scheme is an investment fraud and one of the most infamous white-collar crimes in history. It is named after Charles Ponzi, the historical scamster who was best known for his financial crimes in the early 1900’s. He was from Italy, but it was after he moved to America that he started his fraudulent activities. The scheme he developed involved conning investors into giving him millions of dollars, and then paying them returns with other investor’s money. Investors were promised that in consideration of their investment, they would receive large returns of up to 50% in 45 days, or up to 100% in 90 days. Instead of paying these investors out of the actual profit of his business, Ponzi paid these investors by further borrowing from new investors. The investors were inclined to accept these deals as it was investment with seemingly high returns and little to no risk. In this way, Ponzi created a chain of borrowing and repaying from various investors, in the process pocketing some of the money from each transaction for himself.
The Ponzi scheme seems to be the prefect con, with the scammer earning large amounts of money, and the unsuspecting investors also satisfied with their exponential returns. This 100-year-old scheme is so well planned that is made use of even by today’s white-collar criminals. The prime example is Bernie Madoff, who in 2008 was caught operating the largest Ponzi scheme in history. Not all the Ponzi scheme cases are big enough to make the headlines, as some white-collar offenders run this scheme to a small extent. However, it can be said without a doubt that this scheme is one of the most standard, but also effective white-collar crimes a criminal can commit. However, investors are now becoming increasingly aware of these schemes, and there are also several anti-fraud agencies monitoring investment activities. Some of the basic parameter’s investors must identify to avoid falling into a Ponzi scheme are;
The presences of all these features means that there is almost certainly a Ponzi scheme being run. It is evident from these features that it is investors dream to have such characteristics in a business, which is the primary reason why it is so tempting for many investors to fall prey to this scheme. However, over the years, corporate investors have come to realise that if it seems too good to be true, it often is.
Bernie Madoff Case
Many people are of the view that white-collar crimes are more serious than normal crimes committed on a day-to-day basis. Normal crimes are high-risk, low-reward situations such as shoplifting or robberies, wherein the perpetrator is taking a large risk in order to secure a relatively small reward. White collar crimes, on the other hand, are low-risk, high-reward situations. Such perpetrators commit crimes which generally go unnoticed for long periods of time, until some thorough investigation takes place or some questions are raised. In this time, they can earn exponential amounts of money as a result of their offences. We can take the example of Bernie Madoff here, one of the best-known white-collar offenders of all time. He committed the largest financial fraud in the history of the US, which involved around $65 Billion. Madoff had been committing corporate fraud and it was going unnoticed, with his career continuing on for about 20 years even after he committed such serious offences. This is evidence to the nature of white-collar crimes as being low-risk, high-reward crimes. It was only in 2008 that he was apprehended by federal authorities, and pleaded guilty to 11 federal crimes. He also admitted to operating the largest private Ponzi scheme in history. Hence, he was sentences to 150 years in prison in 2009 (the maximum for a person his age), for spending 20 years of his career defrauding clients and committing other federal felonies (including securities fraud, wire fraud, mail fraud, money laundering, theft from employee benefit plan, and many more). In February of 2020, Madoff’s lawyer pleaded for compassionate release of Madoff from prison, citing health and wellness issues (kidney failure and deteriorating health). However, this bid for release failed and Madoff continues to serve his prison time.
Madoff did not sound remorseful when interviewed in the years after his crimes, but he does show some self-awareness. “It wasn’t like I was being blackmailed into doing something, or that I was afraid of getting caught doing it,” he continues. “I, sort of, you know, rationalized that what I was doing was OK, that it wasn’t going to hurt anybody.” This is a prime example of neutralization of crimes by a perpetrator.
Chanu Saikhom Mirabai is a name that is on every Indian’s lips these days. The weightlifting star has made India proud at the Tokyo Olympics 2020
Let’s have glimpse of her life and achievement
Born on 8 August 1994 in Nongpok Kakching, near Imphal, Manipur from early life she was interested in weightlifting as she can handle heavy weight very easily as her brother struggled with the same weight, Her family supported her and her passion
Chanu Mirabai’s career began with the Glasgow Commonwealth games where she won the silver medal in the 48 kg category. She also qualified for the Rio Olympics but could not finish with any successful lifts.
In 2017 she won the Gold Medal in the women’s category weightlifting in World Weightlifting Championships at Anaheim, CA, USA. She created a record by lifting the 194 kg weight in total and 109 kg clean and jerk.
She also won the first gold medal for India in the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
In the 2019 World Weightlifting Championships, Mirabai lifted a total of 201kgs but finished 4th.
In 2021, she won the bronze medal at the 2020 Asian Weightlifting Championships in Tashkent
At 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo Chanu won a silver medal with a total lift of 202 kg in the 49 kg section.
Ganga, the longest river in India has a unique position in the Indian psyche. Apart from
geographical scale and spread, she has played a vital role in the social, cultural, economic and
political life of the country. The socio-economic changes in the post industrialization era have
adversely affected the flow and quality of the river water leading to pollution of the river. In
order to reduce the pollution of this river the Government of India (GOI) has been
implementing a pollution abatement program since last 25 years. This note is primarily aimed
at presenting an analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of
Ganga Action Plans (GAP I and GAP II) — one of the longest and ambitious government
interventions which have significantly influenced policies for controlling water pollution in
India. This report is primarily based on the secondary data collected, mainly in the form of
papers, articles and reports available on the issue of pollution of the river Ganga. The
objective of this report is to consolidate—in a systematic manner—the available knowledge
and insights in order to understand nuances and complexity involved in design,
implementation and monitoring aspects of the Ganga Action Plan (GAP). The second section
of the report presents the need to conduct a SWOT analysis. The third section outlines the
objectives and components of the GAP including the parameters selected to measure the
quality of the water. Section 4 present strengths and weaknesses of the GAP, in a classified
manner, focusing on its design, implementation, monitoring, and regulation aspects of the
GAP. These are drawn from both—reports and articles by government agencies and by
independent researchers. Section 5 and 6 briefly discuss the opportunities and future threats
or challenges of GAP. Finally, the concluding section summarizes the strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats in a tabular form.
ABOUT GANGA POLLUTION :-
DEFINATION :-
Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants.
Due to these contaminants it either does not support a human use, such as drinking water, or
undergoes a marked shift in its ability to support its biotic communities, such as fish. Natural
phenomena such as volcanoes, algae blooms, storms, and earthquakes also cause major
changes in water quality and the ecological status of water.
PREVALENCE :-
E Water pollution is a major global problem. It requires ongoing evaluation and revision of
water resource policy at all levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells). It has
been suggested that water pollution is the leading worldwide cause of death and diseases.]
Water pollution accounted for the deaths of 1.8 million people in 2015. The organization
Global Oceanic Environmental Survey (GOES) consider water pollution as one of the main
environmental problems that can present a danger for the existence of life on earth in the next
decades. One of the main concerns, is that water pollution, heart phytoplankton who produce
70% of oxygen and remove a large part of carbon dioxide on earth. The organization
proposes a number of measures for fixing the situation, but they should be taken in the next
10 years for being effective. Water pollution in India and China is wide spread. About 90
percent of the water in the cities of China is polluted. In addition to the acute problems of
water pollution in developing countries, developed countries also continue to struggle with
pollution problems. For example, in a report on water quality in the United States in 2009, 44
percent of assessed stream miles, 64 percent of assessed lake acres, and 30 percent of
assessed bays and estuarine square miles were classified as polluted.
REASON :-
The causes of water pollution include a wide range of chemicals and pathogens as well as
physical parameters. Contaminants may include organic and inorganic substances. Elevated
temperatures can also lead to polluted water. A common cause of thermal pollution is the use
of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers. Elevated water
temperatures decrease oxygen levels, which can kill fish and alter food chain composition,
reduce species biodiversity, and foster invasion by new thermophilic species. Water pollution
is measured by analysing water samples. Physical, chemical and biological tests can be
conducted. Control of water pollution requires appropriate infrastructure and management
plans. The infrastructure may include wastewater treatment plants. Sewage treatment plants
and industrial wastewater treatment plants are usually required to protect water bodies from
untreated wastewater. Agricultural wastewater treatment for farms, and erosion control at
construction sites can also help prevent water pollution. Nature-based solutions are another
approach to prevent water pollution.[5] Effective control of urban runoff includes reducing speed and quality of flow.
IMPACT IN HUMAN HEALTH :-
There is a greater association between pollution and health problem. Disease causing
microorganisms are known as pathogens and these pathogens are spreading disease directly
among humans. Some pathogens are worldwide some are found in well-defined area]. Many
water borne diseases are spreading man to man Heavy rainfall and floods are related to
extreme weather and creating different diseases for developed and developing countries [10%
of the population depends on food and vegetables that are grown in contaminated water
[Many waterborne infectious diseases are linked with fecal pollution of water sources and
results in fecal-oral route of infection]. Health risk associated with polluted water includes
different diseases such as respiratory disease, cancer, diarrheal disease, neurological disorder
and cardiovascular disease Nitrogenous chemicals are responsible for cancer and blue baby
syndrom]. Mortality rate due to cancer is higher in rural areas than urban areas because urban
inhabitants use treated water for drinking while rural people don’t have facility of treated
water and use unprocessed water. Poor people are at greater risk of disease due to improper
sanitation, hygiene and water supply . Contaminated water has large negative effects in those
women who are exposed to chemicals during pregnancy; it leads to the increased rate of low
birth weight as a result fetal health is affected Poor quality water destroys the crop production
and infects our food which is hazardous for aquatic life and human life [Pollutants disturb the
food chain and heavy metals, especially iron affects the respiratory system of fishes. An iron
clog in to fish gills and it is lethal to fishes, when these fishes are eaten by human leads to the
major health issue Metal contaminated water leads to hair loss, liver cirrhosis, renal failure and disorder.
Bacterial diseases :-
Untreated drinking water and fecal contamination of water is the major cause of diarrhea.
Campylobacter jejuni spread diarrhea 4% to 15% worldwide. Fever, abdominal pain, nausea,
headache are major symptoms of diarrhea. Good hygienic practices and use of antibiotics can
prevent this disease. Disease cholera is caused by the contaminated water. Vibrio Cholerae is
responsible for this disease. This bacterium produces toxins in digestive tracts. The symptoms
of this disease are watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and watery diarrhea leads to dehydration
and renal failure. Anti- microbial treatment is used to get rid of this disease. Shigellosis is a
bacterial disease caused by Shigella bacteria. It affects the digestive tract of humans and
damages the intestinal lining. Watery or bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, vomiting and
nausea are symptoms and it can be cured with antibiotics and good hygienic practice.
Salmonellosis infects the intestinal tract. Salmonella bacteria are found in contaminated water
and it results in inflammation of intestine and often death occurs. Antibiotics are prescribed
for this disease.
Viral diseases :-
Hepatitis is a viral disease caused by contaminated water and infects the liver. Jaundice, loss
of appetite, fatigue, discomfort and high fever are symptoms of hepatitis. If it persists for a
long time it may be fatal and results in death. Vaccine is available for hepatitis and by
adopting good hygienic practice; one can get rid of this disease Encephalitis is inflammatory
disease spread by bite of infected mosquitoes. Culex mosquito lays their eggs in
contaminated water. Most people don’t show any symptoms but some symptoms are headache, high fever, muscle stiffness, convulsions however in severe cases coma and
paralysis results. No vaccine is available for this disease Poliomyelitis virus is responsible for
poliomyelitis. Sore throat, fever, nausea, constipation and diarrhea and sometimes paralysis
are symptoms of poliomyelitis. Vaccine is available for this disease [28]. Gastroenteritis is
caused by different viruses including rotaviruses, adenoviruses, calciviruses and Norwalk
virus. Symptoms of gastroenteritis are vomiting, headache and fever. Symptoms appear 1 to 2
days after infecting. Sickness can be dangerous among infants, young children and disabled
person.
Parasitic diseases :-
Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by the cryptosporidium parvum. It is
worldwide disease and symptoms are diarrhea, loose or watery bowls, stomach cramps and
upset stomach [28]. Cryptosporidium is resistant to disinfection and affects immune system
and it is the cause of diarrhoea and vomiting in humans Galloping amoeba is caused by the
Entamoeba histolytica and affects stomach lining. This parasite undergoes cyst and non-cyst
form. Infection occurs when cyst found in contaminated water and it is swallowed.
Symptoms are fever, chills and watery diarrhea According to WHO, diarrheal cases are about
4 billion and results in 2.2 million deathsGiardiasis is caused by Giardia lamblia. Cells of
intestinal lining may become injure. Giardia is resistant to wintry temperature and
disinfectant. Sometimes it is known as travelers’ disease. People suffering from
giardiasis have symptoms bloating, excess gas, watery diarrhea and weight loss.
Much is being done to control, monitor and rectify damage done by pollutants. The problems
are diverse and some are only being recognised but it is important to keep a close control
over pollutants so that we can maintain the environment in an acceptable condition for future
generations. Pollution is a big problem now. A lot of people thinks that they don`t pollute
because they don`t throw trash on the floor, but this is just one little part of pollution.
Pollution is any damage that we cause to the environment and nobody can live without
polluting our planet. If we just think of washing our hands with soap, even with natural soap,
this already is pollution. We know many different kinds of pollution. Air pollution is a well
known type of pollution. It is caused by a lot of things. We pollute the air mostly with air
traffic, mostly planes. Another big pollutant of the air is traffic, but this is getting a bit better,
because cars are becoming better and they pollute a bit less, but on the other site, the number
of…show more content… Land is mostly polluted, because of farming. Big farms use a lot of
pesticides and artificial fertilizers that pollute a lot, and they also pollute the groundwater,
because the rain is washing them through the earth to the groundwater. We also pollute the
land with littering, dangerous chemicals and so on. The effects of land pollution are quite alot.
Addiction is one of the complex diseases which affects the brain. A person who is exposed to a huge amount of stress gets addicted to consuming substances or looks for the methods that gives him or her the required relief. It is the compulsion of the individual to engage in the specific activity. It leads to harmful sequences individual’s health and affects his mental state.
Addiction is said to be the chronic disease which affects the brain and people struggling from this are unable to control their actions and sensible decisions at last which becomes very dangerous to them.
SUBSTANCE RELATED ADDICTION
Tobacco, alcohol, Street drugs(illegally sold drugs that are taken for non-medicinal uses), Prescription drugs(medicinal drugs that are misused
BEHAIOR RELATED ADDICTION
Gambling, Eating, The Internet, Video Games, Work and Sex.
ALCOHOLISM
Alcoholism is also known as alcohol dependence. It is a dabbling addictive disorder.In most of the individuals, it starts with the social drinking which eventually leads to the heavier alcohol consumption. Ethyl Alcohol or ethanol is an intoxicating ingredient found in beer, wine and liquor. It is produced by the fermentation of yeast, sugar and starch. It is a depressant that affects the CNS.
SYMPTOMS
Drinking alone, not able to remember the time, hiding alcohol, need of large quantity of alcohol to feel the effect, nausea, swelling, shaking when not drinking.
EFFECTS
It leads to mental Illness, depression and suicidal thoughts. One of the main reason of alcohol is, it starts inflame the liver and leads to liver cirrhosis. Only a healthy liver is able to regenerate its own cells, the affected liver is unable to regenerate and it becomes damaged. It is able to replace its new cells.
SMOKING CIGARETTES
Nicotine is the one of the most frequently used addictive drugs and the leading disease which causes disability and death in India.
EFFECTS ON LUNGS
Smoking causes destruction of small hairs present in the upper respiratory truck, which is the trachea. By destruction of this, chemical substances enter into the body, causing infection, cough and lung cancer. It also increases the risk of Crohn’s diseases and formation of gall diseases.
Other effects includes, blood vessel damage in the legs, eyes and loss of eyesight. Smoking causes cancer in the oral cavity, pharynx and bladder.
These are some of the harmful effects which affect the human body due to addiction.
TREATMENT OF ADDICTION
It involves the management of alcoholism and drug abuse.The Government and Non-Government Organizations in our country which have rehabilitation centres to treat and counsel the drug addicts and alcoholics by means of medical and psychological approaches.
Warren Buffet is an American buisnessman, investor and philantrophist. He was born on 30th August 1930 in Nebraska. He developed an interest in the business world and investing at an early age including in the stock market. He is the current CEO and chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, a very successful holding company. They hold shares of other companies to form a corporate group. Buffet is considered one of the most successful investors today with a net worth of over $100 billion. He is the 9th richest man in the world.
Buffett started his education at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania before moving back to go to the University of Nebraska, where he received an undergraduate degree in business administration. Buffett later went to the Columbia Business School where he earned his graduate degree in economics. He began his career as an investment salesman in the early 1950s and formed Buffett Associates in 1956. Less than 10 years later, in 1965, he was in control of Berkshire Hathaway. Recently, Buffett began collaborating with Jeff Bezos and Jamie Dimon to develop a new healthcare company focused on employee healthcare.
Buffett follows the Benjamin Graham school of value investing. Value investors look for securities with prices that are unjustifiably low based on their intrinsic worth. There isn’t a universally accepted way to determine intrinsic worth, but it’s most often estimated by analyzing a company’s fundamentals. Like bargain hunters, the value investor searches for stocks believed to be undervalued by the market, or stocks that are valuable but not recognized by the majority of other buyers. He’s not really concerned with the activities of the stock market at all. Rather, he looks at each company as a whole, so he chooses stocks solely based on their overall potential as a company. Holding these stocks as a long-term play, Buffett doesn’t seek capital gain, but ownership in quality companies extremely capable of generating earnings. He isn’t concerned with whether the market will eventually recognize its worth when he invests. He is concerned with how well that company can make money as a business.
Before investing Buffet analyses the company’s performance, its debt, profit margins and whether its a public company. The answers to these questions help him make his investing decision. Buffett’s investing style is like the shopping style of a bargain hunter. It reflects a practical, down-to-earth attitude. Buffett maintains this attitude outside of work too. He doesn’t live in a huge house, he doesn’t collect cars and generally does not live a lavish life. This is what made him so successful.
India is a country which serves liberty and sovereignty too all. We say that we are free and have the freedom to do anything whatever we wish, the only thing which we should keep on our mind is the purpose and result should be welfare of all or self. In August 15th, 1947 we became citizen of free democratic as well as a republic nation. But the question which arises is “are we completely free?” “The word freedom is meant for females too or it was served only for the male members of our country?” Indian women are the one who are always consider inferior than man and are supposed to be inside the house with getting indulge in all household works. Women are still questioned when they work overnight. It may be a private place or a public one, whether its home or office, the one who is certainly humiliated as well as misbehaved is the women. Report suggests that India is the most dangerous place for women across the world.
Killing the infant in the mother’s womb to surviving a motionless life after the acid attack, the only person suffers is the women of our society. It can be a rape, gang rape, acid attack, female foeticide, dowry death, abandonment, mob lynching, and harassing mentally or physically, these all problems are tolerated by the single women. And after all these suffering our patriarchal society think they are weak and are meant to be under the foot of men. The crime that happened at Delhi on 16th December, 2012 where a brave girl Nirbhaya was brutally raped. This incident left everyone stunned and traumatized that how such vicious act could be done by a human beings like us. Laxmi Agarwal, she was fighter and a winner but who can forget that how mercilessly she became the victim of acid attack just because she refused the proposal of a man. Acid attacks are still continuing. Irom Sharmila a victim of acid attack is eating through her nose so that she could stay alive. And yet we celebrate Independence Day, are we free in the true sense? And how free the Constitution makes the women? We think that being women is too easy but this is not true if you are Indian women because here in our secular country in every 20minutes a female is raped. In the same year when Nirbhaya was raped the NCRB report suggest that in that year more than 68 girls are raped each day. The number of rape cases as well as other crimes are rapidly increasing and after all these we talk about women empowerment and equality.
Justice should be served to all whether she is a female or male. Not all people are same but maximum have a cruel heart. Effective steps are needed to be taken to stop such merciless offense. Our government should make strict laws and regulation. If such crimes are done then immediate and strict action need to be taken so that the fear is always there in the mind of the people. It’s high time and we need to take strict steps regarding such rising problems otherwise the situation will become worse in the upcoming generation.
Introduction
Anime is hand-drawn and computer animation originating from Japan. In Japan and in Japanese, anime (a term derived from the English word animation) describes all animated works, regardless of style or origin. However, outside of Japan and in English, anime is colloquial for Japanese animation and refers specifically to animation produced in Japan.Animation produced outside of Japan with similar style to Japanese animation is referred to as anime-influenced animation.
The earliest commercial Japanese animations date to 1917. A characteristic art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of cartoonist Osamu Tezuka and spread in following decades, developing a large domestic audience. Anime is distributed theatrically, through television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet. In addition to original works, anime are often adaptations of Japanese comics (manga), light novels, or video games. It is classified into numerous genres targeting various broad and niche audiences.
Anime is a diverse medium with distinctive production methods that have adapted in response to emergent technologies. It combines graphic art, characterization, cinematography, and other forms of imaginative and individualistic techniques. Compared to Western animation, anime production generally focuses less on movement, and more on the detail of settings and use of “camera effects”, such as panning, zooming, and angle shots.Diverse art styles are used, and character proportions and features can be quite varied, with a common characteristic feature being large and emotive eyes.
The anime industry consists of over 430 production companies, including major studios like Studio Ghibli, Sunrise, and Toei Animation. Since the 1980s, the medium has also seen international success with the rise of foreign dubbed and subtitled programming. As of 2016, Japanese anime accounted for 60% of the world’s animated television shows.[
Etymology
As a type of animation, anime is an art form that comprises many genres found in other mediums; it is sometimes mistakenly classified as a genre itself.In Japanese, the term anime is used to refer to all animated works, regardless of style or origin. English-language dictionaries typically define anime as “a style of Japanese animation”or as “a style of animation originating in Japan”. Other definitions are based on origin, making production in Japan a requisite for a work to be considered “anime”.
The etymology of the term anime is disputed. The English word “animation” is written in Japanese katakana pronounced in its shortened form. Some sources claim that the term is derived from the French term for animation dessin animé but others believe this to be a myth derived from the popularity of anime in France in the late 1970s and 1980s.
In English, anime—when used as a common noun—normally functions as a mass noun. As with a few other Japanese words, such as saké and Pokémon, English texts sometimes spell anime as animé with an acute accent over the final e, to cue the reader to pronounce the letter, not to leave it silent as English orthography may suggest. Prior to the widespread use of anime, the term Japanimation was prevalent throughout the 1970s and 1980s. In the mid-1980s, the term anime began to supplant Japanimation;in general, the latter term now only appears in period works where it is used to distinguish and identify Japanese animation.
Modern Era of Anime
In the 1960s, manga artist and animator Osamu Tezuka adapted and simplified Disney animation techniques to reduce costs and limit frame counts in his productions. Originally intended as temporary measures to allow him to produce material on a tight schedule with an inexperienced staff, many of his limited animation practices came to define the medium’s style. Three Tales (1960) was the first anime film broadcast on television; the first anime television series was Instant History (1961–64).An early and influential success was Astro Boy (1963–66), a television series directed by Tezuka based on his manga of the same name. Many animators at Tezuka’s Mushi Production later established major anime studios (including Madhouse, Sunrise, and Pierrot).
The 1970s saw growth in the popularity of manga, many of which were later animated. Tezuka’s work—and that of other pioneers in the field—inspired characteristics and genres that remain fundamental elements of anime today. The giant robot genre (also known as “mecha”), for instance, took shape under Tezuka, developed into the super robot genre under Go Nagai and others, and was revolutionized at the end of the decade by Yoshiyuki Tomino, who developed the real robot genre. Robot anime series such as Gundam and Super Dimension Fortress Macross became instant classics in the 1980s, and the genre remained one of the most popular in the following decades.The bubble economy of the 1980s spurred a new era of high-budget and experimental anime films, including Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (1984), Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnêamise (1987), and Akira (1988).
Neon Genesis Evangelion (1995), a television series produced by Gainax and directed by Hideaki Anno, began another era of experimental anime titles, such as Ghost in the Shell (1995) and Cowboy Bebop (1998). In the 1990s, anime also began attracting greater interest in Western countries; major international successes include Sailor Moon and Dragon Ball Z, both of which were dubbed into more than a dozen languages worldwide. In 2003, Spirited Away, a Studio Ghibli feature film directed by Hayao Miyazaki, won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 75th Academy Awards. It later became the highest-grossing anime film, earning more than $355 million. Since the 2000s, an increased number of anime works have been adaptations of light novels and visual novels; successful examples include The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya and Fate/stay night (both 2006)
Have u ever heard of bad bank? Well, in this article we will know about what bad bank is and how is it taking shape in India.
So to start over, A bad bank is a financial entity that was formed to purchase the risky loans and other illiquid assets of another financial institution. The company with many nonperforming assets will sell them to the bad bank at market value. The goal of Bad Bank is to bring financial stability to the banking industry. It would store bad loans for public sector banks, which will be offered to investors at a discount which will eventually assist banks in cleaning up their balance sheets.
Recently, Nirmala Sitharaman, the Union Finance Minister, has announced the establishment of a bad bank in the nation. Sitharaman said in her budget address that an Asset Reconstruction Company Limited and an Asset Management Company will be established to manage the bad debt of public sector banks such as the State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, and others.
However, Experts were perplexed by this because IBC known as insolvency and bankruptcy code was considered to be pretty efficient in settling problematic debts. But the government was concerned about delays and low asset realization under the IBC. Furthermore, the loans were offered at steep discounts. The assets were liquidated in some circumstances. There were also issues regarding the public sector bank’s(PSB) lack of cooperation.
So, to consolidate and take over the current stressed debt, an ARC and AMC will be established. It will then manage and sell the assets to Alternative Investment Funds and other potential buyers in order to realize their full worth. To put it another way, it will store bad loans for public sector banks, which will subsequently be sold to investors at a lower cost which will aid in the cleaning up of the balance sheet and will eventually lessen the financial burden of future capital requirements. So, India’s bad bank is now taking form. With the formation of the National Asset Reconstruction Company Ltd, the much-anticipated wait for the “Bad Bank” came to an end.
Given its size and development potential, the Indian economy will experience a steady supply of distressed assets. When the one-time loan arrangement finishes, Covid-19 will be a source of concern for many businesses. For public sector banks, the existing portfolio of problematic loans is a major source of concern. As of September 2020, the banking system’s total gross nonperforming assets (NPAs) accounted for 7.5% of the entire loan book.
This is anticipated to rise to 13.5 percent by March-September this year, according to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). Moreover, Many people believe that running a bad bank successfully necessitates a variety of factors. One, it must be for a defined purpose and include a time limit. For instance, Sweden AMC, supported by the government, recovered over 90% of bad loans in six years in the early 1990s. However, the Chinese AMC, which is supported by the government, failed to deliver. Now it’s up to NARCL, private ARCs, and IBC to preserve the value of stressed assets by restructuring and resolving them in a timely manner.
Introduction
The article presents an analytical overview of the complexities of system violence that Dalit women face in India today through qualitative and quantitative data analysis of 50 Dalit women’s narrative of violence across 4 States Andhra Pradesh Bihar Tamil Nadu Uttar Pradesh in this article illustrated the wider traits and patterns of different forms and manifestations of violence against the Little Women within both the general community and the family from state and non-state across of different gender caste and social economics grouping occurring between 1999 and 2004 examination of the divergent world views of the victim-survivor and perpetrators ravel the casual factors of conflict and violence, as well as the various rights being denied to delete women in the course of violence analysis of the lip women vulnerability of to violence their assertations courage and resilience to survive violence and struggle for justice, are considered.
violence against women in India in the journal is structured by the relationship of power embedded in systematic caste class and gender discrimination. Dalit women is there of the class caste and gender hierarchies resulting in social exclusion decide dominant discourages of Dalit women sexual availability their criminal nature and their inherent inequality with other women and when serve to legitimize and exacerbate violence against them Dalit women in India Today number 85.017 million or approx 48 8% of total Dalit population together with their mail counterpart constituent a sizable social group that continues to suffer decent and work-based discrimination untouchability practices and violence arising out of the caste system historically the lips have been excluded from social economic cultural Civil and political rights untouchability practices based on nation of Delhi supposed impurity operate as a tool for the social exclusion and Exploration of this community and their social and religiously legitimized mechanism for denying this community their fundamental rights hence Dalit women are more likely Two-phase collective and public thread for x of social violence then-dominant caste woman who tends to be subjected to violence more within family due to strict controls over their sexuality and freedom of movement.
Dalit women appear to young illiterate daily wage agricultural labor surviving on less than rupees 3000 a year married in her teenage years she lives with her husband and in-laws in a kutcha hut that they own. illiteracy a condition suffered by 68.6% of the women, not only renders women at a disadvantage in terms of employment and economics and political employment in the context of overt violence, but it also facilitated the culture of impunity enjoyed by perpetrators combined with a lack of legal knowledge in literacy leaves The Little Women at the mercy of offer indifferent or hostile police, or panchayat leaders, enabling perpetrators to escape legal repercussions for their crimes.
daily wage agriculture labor and casual labor are the sources of livelihood for the render. The Little Women are physically accessible in open public spaces with the dominant caste Mel supervision considering both the locals of violence for example ( agricultural fields footpaths). and the social status of perpetrators for example( landlords, labor contractors) the women’s contributed to their vulnerability as the target of violence.
the implication of early marriage of Dalit women lies in profound physical psychological and social effects on women marrying and beginning cycles of childbirth immediately after they attain puberty, violence in the general community is one of the factors that encourage parents to marry their daughters early. early marriage is seen as insurance against the possibility of rape and the profound social stigma attached to it. this prevalent attitude is summed up is by the mother of a Dalit girl raped at the age of 12 years.
Economics disenfranchisement – reflected in the extremely low annual income, landlessness, and prevalence of unskilled daily wage labor among the women- also Makes Dalit Women vulnerable to violence desperate economic straits compel Dalit women to borrow money from money lenders and take up agriculture and domestic work for dominant caste landowners and householders. these moneylenders, landowners, and householders then frequently exploit the Dalit women position of economic dependence to extract unpaid labor sex, and resistance is answered with violence.
Conclusion
Dalit, also known as the untouchables in India, where caste, class, gender matter more than humanity. At least 10 Dalit women are raped per day, and their vulnerability to rape has increased by 44% in the last 10 years. Also, Indian mainstream media often ignore stories about women belonging to marginalized communities. Caste-based violence is quite common but it does not receive coverage in upper-caste the dominated newsrooms it is common for Dalit villages to be burnt down for the Cops to refuse a post mortem for women who has been raped For the local administration and upper caste people to suppress cases filled by Dalit people.
As a consequence of gender caste and class inequalities, Dalit women and girls are subjected to multiple forms of subjugation, exploitation, and oppression. sexual violence, including rape and gang rape, has been perpetrated against them by men from the dominant caste as a mechanism that reinforces India’s deeply entrenched structural hierarchies. The issue of making a woman deals with the conditioning and socialization of women in society and their representation is done in the world of literature media popular culture or anywhere else. where one focuses on the society of Dalit among Dalits. Dalit Women fight oppression in Solidarity with other marginalized groups.
Reference
Click to access TheSituationOfDalitRuralWomen.pdf
https://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2332&context=jiws
Click to access Background_Manorama.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286239018_Societal_Status_of_Dalit_Women_in_India
https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/bitstream/handle/10625/44146/130560.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
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