Day: August 24, 2021

SPOILAGE OF MEAT

BY DAKSHITA NAITHANI

INTRODUCTION

Food spoiling is described as any alteration that the customer finds objectionable. Spoilage happens at any given point of time in the food chain. Insect damage, physical damage, indigenous enzyme activity in animal or plant tissue, and microbial infections can all contribute to spoilage. The majority of natural products have a definite shelf life. 

Meat and its derivatives are nutrient-dense foods that are devoured by people all over the world.

Meat deteriorates biologically and chemically from the time it is slaughtered until it is consumed. Microbial spoilage may occur in meat and its products such as ham, sausages, cooked meat, dried meats, minced meat, and so on.

Contamination source and causes

Natural processes such as oxidation or autolytic activity in the muscle following slaughtering can cause meat decomposition. Microbial contamination of meat is caused by a number of variables, including the animal’s microflora, the type of container used, and how the meat is handled and stored. Knives, utensils, hands, and workers’ clothes, among other things

Numbers of microbes of microbes resides on the meat and their products. Some of important are listed below:

 Brochothrix thermosphacta

It can grow in both aerobic and anaerobic environments, and meat is a niche for it. This microorganism is frequently found in irradiated meat and poultry and is responsible for the bad odour of meat.

Carnobacterium

Carnobacterium is a gram-positive bacterium with nine different species. C. divergens has been demonstrated to show green discoloration of ham as a result of H2O2 generation.

Clostridium tetani

Clostridium creates a huge quantity of gas in packed meat, which, when combined with bad smells, causes the container to blow open.

Enterobacteriaceae

These bacteria can act as facultative anaerobes, oxidase-negative glucose fermenters, and nitrate suppressants, and they can influence to the rotting of meat.

Leuconostoc

D-lactate and ethanol are produced by Leuconostoc, a lactic acid generating bacterium. The discolouration, gas generation, and buttery odour of rotting meat are aided by these bacteria.

Pseudomonas

Pseudomonas has been identified as the most common bacterium found in rotting meat. Pseudomonas is widely recognised for successfully exploiting meat as a niche due to its capacity to break down glucose and amino acids under aerobic and cold conditions.

The spoilage of different types of meat are :

Spoilage of fresh meat

The enzymes and microbial activity in fresh meat causes it to decay. Proteolytic effects on muscle and connective tissue, as well as fat hydrolysis, are caused by autolysis alterations. Salmonella, E.coli, Listeria and other microbial diseases have been identified in fresh meat.

Spoilage of meat

Rotting of meat is caused by three fundamental mechanisms: microbial growth, oxidation, and enzymatic autolysis. Meat is a great substrate for microbial development due to its nutritional makeup, high water content, and mild pH. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, and Salmonella are among the bacteria found in an animal’s lymph nodes, which might influence meat.

Spoilage of refrigerated meat

Fresh meat may be present in good condition for 5-7 days when refrigerated at 4°C. The development of psychrophilic microbes is favoured by a cool environment over time. Contamination of meat by rotting and dangerous bacteria can occur due to poor hygiene. B. thermosphacta and lactic acid bacteria are the microbes that cause refrigerated meat deterioration in general.

Factors spoilage of meat and meat products

Buffer capacity and pH

Muscle pH drops to 5.4-5.8 after slaughtering, however meat from stressed animals and cooked products, such as sliced ham, have pH levels greater than 6. The presence of tissue and a high pH in meat results in a faster deterioration process owing to microbial growth and nutritional absorption.

Water activity

The quantity of water in a meal that is available for the growth of microorganisms, including diseases, is measured by water activity (aw). Raw meat has a value of 0.98-0.99, while cooked meat has a value of 0.94; these values enable most bacteria to thrive. Pathogens cannot develop or produce toxins if the water activity is less than 0.85.

Packaging and gaseous atmosphere

The constitution of rotting flora is heavily influenced by packaging circumstances and the gaseous content of the environment surrounding the meat. Aerobic conditions favour the development of Pseudomonads over everything else. Lactic acid bacteria are the most prevalent microbes in vacuum or CO2-modified environment packed goods, and they are the bacteria that cause the most deterioration.

Storage temperature

The duration of the lag phase, the maximum specific growth rate, and the ultimate cell number are all affected by temperature. Lower temperatures inhibit microbial contamination and alter the microbiota makeup of meat. The dominance of lactic acid bacteria in sealed beef products is likewise maintained in cold circumstances. In sealed refrigerated beef, psychrophilic Clostridium spp. were found. The growth of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., and Acinetobacter spp. is influenced by abuse of temperature.

General types of Spoilage of meats and meat Products.

Spoilage under Aerobic condition

The spoilage of meats and meat products due bacterial in aerobic conditions are:

 Surface slime: Surface slime generated by Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Micrococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, and Bacillus results in spoilage. Lactobacillus species have also been shown to generate slime. Microbes are benefited from the thin layer development on meat because it delivers nutrients from the substrate.

Changes in colour of meat pigments: As a result of bacteria producing oxidising chemicals such as Peroxides or Hydrogen Sulphide, the red colour of meat, known as its “bloom,” might change to green, brown, or grey. Greening of sausage has been linked to Lactobacillus which is mainly hetero fermentative and Leuconostoc species.

Changes in fats: The oxidation of lipids in meat occurs chemically in the presence of oxygen and can be accelerated by light and copper. Lipolytic bacteria can induce some lipolysis as well as speed up the oxidation of lipids. Fat rancidity can be induced by lipolytic Pseudomonas and Achromobacter species.

Phosphorescence: Luminous bacteria, such as Photobacterium spp., develop on the surface of the flesh and create this rare abnormality. Other bacteria that generate red pigments might be responsible for the red spot.

Off odours and off tastes: Unpleasant odours and taste develop in meat as a result of bacteria growing on the surface. They emerge before other symptoms of deterioration. Meat sourness can be induced by volatile acids such as formic, acetic, butyric, and propionic acids, as well as yeast proliferation.

Spoilage due to moulds in aerobic condition

Moulds are actively involved the spoilage meat in aerobic conditions. Common types of spoilage are listed below.

Stickiness: Stickiness is caused by fungus bud development, which makes the surface of the flesh sticky to the touch. As a result of this form of deterioration, flesh takes on an odd look.

Whiskers: In the absence of sporulation, a little amount of mycelial development can occur resulting in whisker growth. Moulds such as Thamnidium elegans, Mucor mucedo, M. lusitanicus, or M. racemosus, Rhizopus, and others can create this sort of fuzzy growth.

Black spot and White spot: Cladosporium herbarum is the most prevalent source of this sort of spot, although other moulds with dark colours might also be to fault. White spot is most frequently reported by Sporotrichum carnis, although it can also be caused by any mould with moist, yeast-like colonies, such as Geotrichum.

Green patches:  Species of Penicillium such as P. expansum, P. asperulum, and P. oxalicum are responsible for the green patches on meat.

Decomposition of fats:  The oxidation of fats is caused by the hydrolysis of fats caused by lipase produced by moulds.

Spots on surface: Yeast and mould spoilage is generally confined to a large extent and may be cut away without harming the remainder of the meat.

Spoilage under Anaerobic Conditions

Facultative and anaerobic bacteria are able to grow within the meat under anaerobic conditions and cause spoilage. Few are listed below:

Souring: It can be generated by the meat’s natural enzymes during age or ripening, bacterial synthesis of fatty acids or lactic acid, or proteolysis without putrefaction induced by facultative or anaerobic bacteria and frequently referred to as “stinking sour fermentation.” Clostridium species and fecal coliform feed on carbohydrates and produce acid and gas. The development of lactic acid bacteria is prevalent in vacuum sealed meats, especially in gastight wrappers.

 Putrefaction: Putrefaction is the disintegration of protein caused by anaerobic bacteria producing foul-smelling chemicals including hydrogen sulphide, indole, skatole, ammonia, and amines. In most cases, Clostridium spp. are to blame, however facultative bacteria can also cause or contribute to putrefaction. Clostridia-induced putrefaction is frequently accompanied by gas production.

Taint:  Having a foul odour and a poor taste. Temperature, in addition to air, has a significant impact on meat decomposition. Many microbes, including Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Streptococcus, and Flavobacterium species, generate slimes, discoloration, and growth patches on the surface and can induce sourness.

Motivation

Motivation is the process in which learner’s energies or needs are directed towards various good objects in his environment.

Kinds of motivation

Positive motivation :- In this child do the work from itself and they fill Happy while doing the work. Teachers organise different types of events which gives some positive motivation to the children.

Negative motivation :- children do not do the work from itself but they can do the work by some external efforts or when someone tell them to do work. And this type of motivation comes when we compare the students with each other.

We should always try that positive motivation give the childrens because if the children do the work by some external efforts then they have no any interest towards the work and they use wrong path for completing the work.

Positive motivation increases the confidence of children towards the situation. They will easily handle the situation by positively. Good thoughts comes in mind. Children have interest for doings the work. They do not do any compilation with each other.

ALICE IN WONDERLAND FILM REVIEW.

What will be your response if your dreams become your reality? Wouldn’t you be delighted to live your alternate reality! What it’s a goofy fantasy? Let me take you all in the world of fantasy; Alice in Wonderland is a movie directed by Tim Burton, is a 3-D blend of live action and animation of Lewis Carroll novel Alice in Wonderland.

SYNOPSIS

The story starts with a girl named Alice who has a reoccurring dreams since her childhood. She has turned 19 year old mourning over the death of her father. She is attending a garden party at Lord Ascot’s estate, she is confronted into an unwanted marriage relation with Ascot’s son. Taking some time to take a decision she in haste follows a rabbit to a rabbit hole under a tree, unintentionally falling into it. The story takes a drastic turn by that incident and opens a portal to her recurring dream world from where she begins her journey to the Wonderland and also finding her true self. On her journey she meets the different characters of wonderland ; the Caterpillar (played by Alan Rickman), Mad Hatter (played by Johnny Depp), White Rabbit (played by Michael Sheen), Red Queen (played by Helena Bonham Carter), White Queen (played by Anne Hathaway) and many more. The destiny unfolds the secret of her presence in Wonderland. She was brought her to fulfill the pronounced Oracle. This adventure helps Alice to overcome her fears, insecurities and emerge as victorious. The adventure helps Alice to realise her potential and follow her own will and doesn’t get lost in the society rituals or let them decide your potential and future.

Overall the movie is pretty good, it’s a bit intense and scary at times for younger children who could not understand the film depictions just because of the scary secens. As it’s the Lewis Carroll bizzare imagination not many can match that level of fantasy creativity. The cast was great, everyone perfectly fits into their allotted characters. Their costumes, the makeup, the dialogue delivery everything was perfectly done. My personal favourite would definitely be The Red Queen I feel her presence on screen always keep’s the audience jolly and entertained. Her carzy acting her weird dressing sense everything just speaks confidence it just creates a feeling of nostalgia. I love everything about her in my opinion well sorry on advance for being baised! I feel the cinematography was substantial thr visual effects makes a person experience the scenes. According to me the story unfolds quite briskly. The direction was great but the writer could have added more parts of the actual novel, the film can be more descriptive. But what can we say after all it’s Tim Burton film who is unique in his work. So it’s a must watch movie .

Journalism

Journalism is an activity of gathering, assessing, creating and presenting news and information. It is also the product of these activities. Journalism can be differentiated from other activities and products by certain identifiable characteristics and practices. These elements not only separate journalism from other forms of communication , they are what make it indispensable to democratic societies. History reveals that more democratic the society is, more news and information it tends to have.

Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on current events based on facts and supported with proof or evidence. The word journalism applies to the occupation as well as collaborative who gather and publish information based on facts and supported with evidence. It is a form of writing that tells people about what has really happened, that they might have not known already.

India which is a democratic country has a major scope in the filed of journalism. We need young generation in this field so that we can understand the facts more smarter and better. Many people have debate skills and knowledge in this field which gives them popularity and they achieve milestones into this sector in a permanent basis. It is in written form, electronic form, internet based etc.

I hope by this article you got to know a little more about the field and scope of journalism.At present time the emergence of journalism has reached high levels. I will try to provide better facts and figures in this field in my next article.

Thank you!!

Importance of writing

Today’s article is about the importance of writing. Writing simply means handwritten on a paper. Typing can’t be considered under writing. In today’s world where there is smartphone and devices available practiced of writing on paper is getting diminished. People try to just copy and paste the important things on the devices.

Writing is necessary for the kids and youth too. Writing also ensures to remember the facts. It is scientifically proven that when we write with our fingers the mind gets connected with it automatically and that’s why we don’t forget the things which we have written on the piece of paper rather than typing. Typing can be a temporary option but one should not avoid the practice of writing.

It is important to know the benefits of writing. Writing helps in learning the points more quicker. It also focuses to concentrate on the points written down. Thinking ability is improved of an individual. As a personal experience I have noticed that the things which I have written on the paper are still remembered and the things which I haven’t wrote was easily forgettable.

In earlier times, there is a tradition that the child should write the first letter on the slate with his fingers and worship the goddess of knowledge “sarawsati”. From there we know that writing is an important tradition in childhood life. After that only, a child’s education is considered to be formally begin. The gurukul system also focused on writing the concept taught by the gurus to the students.

I choose this topic because nowadays people are not in the habit of writing which is very essential. The movement of fingers are done only when we write on the paper. I hope that you will read and notice the things I have mentioned and try to write at least for 20 minutes on a piece of paper. It will be beneficial and you will remember things more easily without the use of smartphone.

Thank you for today ….Keep reading!!

Importance of HOBBIES in a student’s life

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Whenever we introduce ourselves we always mention our hobbies or in an interview the question of hobbies is a frequently asked one. But what really are these hobbies and what is their importance in our lives?

A hobby a day keeps the doldrums away.

Phyllis mcGinley

Hobbies are activities that we enjoy doing, they kill our boredom and are an integral part of our lifes, they help us grow and find our area of interest and something we are good at. Some people are more serious about their hobbies and some do it just for fun. One can always find a new hobby, the only requirement is to try. Children from a young age should be encouraged to build up a hobby. It helps them in discovering new are of interests and also brings out the creativity in them.
A hobby which we are passionate about refreshes us and through them we can be productive in our leisurely time. They are like a detox for boring days and when we try out new hobbies we might discover some new creativity and talent of ours.

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Types of hobbies

There are hobbies which we carry out in alone or with friends to heal our mind or body or to just kill the time and on different means different hobbies are listed as:

Creative

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Hobbies like art and craft, cooking, knitting, writing, etc bring out the creative side of a person. One can enjoy their ‘me time’ by engaging in these activities. They are fun to do and if someone is really good at them they become a source of side income too and you don’t even have to leave your house. You can enjoy them whenever you want and wherever you want and you don’t even have to good at them you can just do for fun these hobbies always make you happy.

Physical

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Activities like gymming, hiking, yoga, camping, etc boost our heart rate and brain function. They lower blood pressure and increase stamina. They help in a healthy lifestyle while maintaining a fun time. Outdoor games too are a good option while you are looking to burn some carbs while having fun. Join a new dance class and within few days you will feel a change in your mental and physical well being.

Exploring

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Every non working day or weekend can be the best time to explore something new like a new restaurant, place, music, movie or series. If you are a foodie you can always aim at finding new tasty dishes. This will help you gain confidence in yourself and this way you can also find new people that share same interests as you. Self help books are a great way to eradicate the negative in your life. Explore a new book, read it and it will give a whole new perspective.

To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real.

Winston Churchill

Other activities that you can look upto are reading, dancing, meditation, Journaling, etc. You can also combine different activities together like hiking and painting. What’s better than reaching your destination while hiking and painting the view will remain as a forever memory with you.
Hobby is basically taking out time for yourself, for the intoxication of all the work you did and giving you a more meaningful, relaxing time. For students the tension of studying and other things can be exhausting and they need a way to escape from all of this, hobbies give them a way to feel fresh. It reduces the risk of depression and stress and promotes better health.

Reference: https://online.kettering.edu

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar- The voice of the Marginalized

In India, people belonging to the lower cast, especially amongst the Hindus were considered outcastes. Hindus termed them as ‘untouchables’ and they were not allowed to live amongst them or take water from their wells and tanks. They were also not permitted to enter temples nor was education and learning imparted to them. Good jobs too were not for them. Menial labor like sweeping roads, working as servants, or as bonded laborers were the only kind of work for them. The ‘Untouchables’ lived a life of poverty hardship and endless sufferings.

  Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was born in one such ‘Mahar’ family on 14th April 1891. He challenged their ill fate and became the champion of the untouchables. The boy who suffered great humiliation in his childhood went on to become the first Minister of Law in free India and shaped the country’s revolution. When he was still at school, he felt the sting of untouchability. He was not permitted to sit with other students in the class. To drink water too, he had to wait for someone to pour it to him, and even then, he had to cover his mouth with one hand. As he grew up, he decided to go to Bombay to study and earn. He had a great liking for books and never tired of them. He passed his matriculation and then joined the Elphinstone College. He obtained his B.A. degree in the year 1912. He was very learned and also had degrees in M.A. and Ph.D.

  Bhimrao was married at a very early age, ie. 17 y/o. Ambedkar worked under the Maharaja of Baroda for some time. The Maharaja sent him to America. In America, Ambedkar experienced a new life. There was no ‘Untouchability’. All men were equal. But as soon as he reached India, he felt the sting of untouchability again. To proclaim and to bring light to the humiliation suffered by the ‘Untouchables’ he started a periodical called ‘Mook Nayak’. The Maharaja of Baroda as well as the Maharaja of Kolhapur gave their support.

  Ambedkar believed that people could attain self-elevation only if they learned self-help and respected themselves. Hence he intensified the fight. At that time the Bombay Legislature had passed a Bill that all could use public tanks as well; based on this decision, the Mahad Municipality in Colaba District resolved that the Chawdar tank could be used even by the untouchables. But the people feared the upper castes and did not go near the tank. Ambedkar himself led the people to the tank and first drank the water from it. All the followers then drank the water claiming their rights.

The Mahad Satyagraha.

Ambedkar wanted separate electorates for the lower castes, Gandhiji was unwilling as he too was for the cause of untouchables and felt that separate elections would only set them apart. Ambedkar was firm on his stand for separate electorates. Hence, Gandhiji went on a fast until death. Other leaders intervened and later an agreement was reached that there would be no separate electorates but ten percent seats in the legislature would be reserved for the Harijans. This famous treaty is called the ‘Poona Treaty’.  Dr. Ambedkar’s entire life was dedicated to a single purpose securing equality and justice for the people called ‘Untouchables’. He lived to see untouchability declared as a crime. It was abolished, social equality was established. He was affectionately called ‘Babasaheb’. He was conferred with great honors, one being the Bharat Ratna. He passed away on December 6, 1956. His birth anniversary is celebrated with great fervor all over the country.

BUTTERFLY 🦋

”Butterflies are nature’s angels.

They remind us what a gift it is to be alive”

~Robyn Nola

Butterflies are the adult flying stage of certain insects belonging to an order or group called Lepidoptera. Moths also belong to this group. The word “Lepidoptera” means “scaly wings” in Greek. This name perfectly suits the insects in this group because their wings are covered with thousands of tiny scales overlapping in rows. The scales, which are arranged in colorful designs unique to each species, are what gives the butterfly its beauty. 
 

Like all other insects, butterflies have six legs and three main body parts: head, thorax (chest or mid section) and abdomen (tail end). They also have two antennae and an exoskeleton.

Butterfly life cycle

A life cycle is made up of the stages that a living organism goes through during its lifetime from beginning to end. A butterfly undergoes a process called complete metamorphosis during its life cycle. This means that the butterfly changes completely from its early larval stage, when it is a caterpillar, until the final stage, when it becomes a beautiful and graceful adult butterfly. The butterfly life cycle has four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. 
 

The first stage of the butterfly life cycle is the egg or ovum. Butterfly eggs are tiny, vary in color and may be round, cylindrical or oval. The female butterfly attaches the eggs to leaves or stems of plants that will also serve as a suitable food source for the larvae when they hatch.

The larva, or caterpillar, that hatches from the egg is the second stage in the life cycle. Caterpillars often, but not always, have several pairs of true legs, along with several pairs of false legs or prolegs. A caterpillar’s primary activity is eating. They have a voracious appetite and eat almost constantly. As the caterpillar continues to eat, its body grows considerably. The tough outer skin or exoskeleton, however, does not grow or stretch along with the enlarging caterpillar. Instead, the old exoskeleton is shed in a process called molting and it is replaced by a new, larger exoskeleton. A caterpillar may go through as many as four to five molts before it becomes a pupa.

The third stage is known as the pupa or chrysalis. The caterpillar attaches itself to a twig, a wall or some other support and the exoskeleton splits open to reveal the chrysalis. The chrysalis hangs down like a small sack until the transformation to butterfly is complete. The casual observer may think that because the pupa is motionless that very little is going on during this “resting stage.” However, it is within the chrysalis shell that the caterpillar’s structure is broken down and rearranged into the wings, body and legs of the adult butterfly. The pupa does not feed but instead gets its energy from the food eaten by the larval stage. Depending on the species, the pupal stage may last for just a few days or it may last for more than a year. Many butterfly species overwinter or hibernate as pupae.

The fourth and final stage of the life cycle is the adult. Once the chrysalis casing splits, the butterfly emerges. It will eventually mate and lay eggs to begin the cycle all over again. Most adult butterflies will live only a week or two, while a few species may live as long as 18 months.

Butterfly wings are transparent

 Before you feel the need to schedule an eye exam, let us explain. The wings of a butterfly are covered in a multitude of miniature scales  –thousands of them. And those colors you see when a butterfly flits across your yard are the reflection of various colors through the scales. The wings themselves are made up of a protein called chitin, which is the same protein that forms an insect’s exoskeleton. And much like an exoskeleton, chitin is transparent. You’ve learned something new already!

There are almost 20,000 butterfly species

 If you’d ever considered memorizing all the various species of butterflies, it may take longer than you were anticipating. An easier starting point would be those species regularly occurring in the lower 48 states of the US. Still, that number is right around 575, so we’re recommending note cards or, perhaps, focusing on the butterflies you find in and around your yard this spring and summer.

Butterflies use their feet to taste

If everything up until this point was already a part of your existing butterfly knowledge, this fact may come as a curveball. However, if you think about it from the butterfly’s point of view, it isn’t that unusual. A butterfly’s daily activities consist of eating and mating, both of which require landing – even if it is only briefly. When food is the priority, those taste receptors help the butterfly locate the right plants and the key nutrients it needs for survival. Although many people wonder what it means when a butterfly lands on them, the truth is that it’s probably just hungry.

Butterflies only live for a few weeks

For everyone who has been anxiously awaiting this since our earlier reference, or who simply skipped ahead until they found it, here you go. The average lifespan of an adult butterfly is roughly three to four weeks, however, the entire life cycle can last anywhere between two and eight months. As with anything, there are exceptions to the rule. At least one species of butterfly lives for approximately 24 hours, while some migratory butterflies, like the North American Monarch, can survive for nearly eight months. 

The most common butterfly in the US is the Cabbage White


Named for its mostly white marking, when hints of yellow and green like the vegetable, the Cabbage White may not be the most colorful butterfly in your garden or yard, but it is the most common. The male Cabbage White has one prominent black spot on each wing, while the female has two.

Some butterfly species migrate from the cold


Although in many cases cold weather will end the already short life of a butterfly by rendering them immobile, others take the dropping temperature as a signal to move. Butterflies are cold-blooded and require – in ideal settings – a body temperature of approximately 85 degrees to activate their flight muscles. If the weather begins changing some species simply migrate in search of sunshine. Some, like the North American Monarch, travel an average of 2,500 miles!

One of the largest butterflies is the Giant Swallowtail Butterfly

With a wingspread of between four and seven inches, this species has a name that fits its dimensions. If you have ever seen one on a hike or around your yard, you may have been spellbound by the sight of it. Their swallowtail description is borrowed from birds of the same name, thanks to the long tails on this butterfly’s hindwings.

Butterflies have a liquid diet

We mentioned earlier that butterflies like to eat, which is true. What we didn’t include at the time is that their source of food is exclusively liquid. In fact, they simply don’t have the necessary apparatus for chewing. Using their proboscis, which functions in the same way you or I might use a straw, butterflies drink nectar or some other variation of liquid sustenance. 

Butterfly wings help them against predators

As we’ve discussed, the lifespan of the average butterfly is short, and even at their peak, these insects are some of the most fragile. Staying alive for as long as possible allows the butterfly additional opportunities to mate, and continuing the existence of its species is of utmost importance. Therefore, butterflies frequently use their wings as a defense mechanism. Either by folding to blend in with their surroundings, or wearing a full spectrum of colors and patterns to frighten predators, a butterfly’s wings are often their best protection. 

Butterflies actually have four wings, not two

Speaking of wings, we may have intentionally left the most fascinating butterfly fact until last! Despite how they may appear in motion, or in drawings or paintings you may have seen, butterflies have four separate wings. The wings closest to its head are called the forewings, while those in the rear are called the hindwings. Thanks to strong muscles in the butterfly’s thorax, all four wings move up and down in a figure-eight pattern during flight. 

“Butterflies can’t see their wings.
They can’t see how truly beautiful they are,
but everyone else can.
People are like that as well”

MAN VS MACHINE

Humans and machines work differently as machines are the creation of humans. Machines were created to make human life easier. The only gadget engine has various components. When it comes to artificial intelligence vs the human brain then there are some people who believe that artificial intelligence works better than the human brain. As time goes by people go on the machines. People need to work together because communication is not possible electronically. We feel free to express, evaluate and solve our problems with people.

man vs. machine

Machines are the Creation of Mankind
Humans were created with flesh and blood, and they have life. People have feelings and emotions, expressing different emotions at different times. Machines operate with their own man-made mechanical brain. People understand the situation and respond appropriately and the machines have no understanding.

People are old and self-centered. They can build and invent new things but machines cannot do such kinds of work because they use artificial intelligence. The machines are operational and man-made. People are blessed with ingenuity and emotion while machines have artificial intelligence. Humans have many different abilities, such as language, pattern recognition, and creative thinking.

The impact of technology on human health
Machinery and technology replace some of the workloads and this is the main reason for the lack of jobs and the backlog of equipment. As people are replaced by machines that is why some jobs disappear. Industrial change has also led to unemployment and, as a result, lost the skills of the middle class in various sectors.

Other effects of the machine on humans are ability, war, and destruction.

Increased use of automobiles has increased the pollution of the environment. The impact of technology on our environment is complex and we are dealing with drastic climate change such as global warming that is leading to several diseases in humans. The machines are also facing extinction of several birds, plant and animal species due to climate change.

Find a large list of over 500 Essay topics and ideas

Use of Equipment
We are surrounded by a variety of equipment such as televisions, refrigerators, music programs, theaters, and multi-use washing machines. With the help of these machines, our lives have become much easier. Machines are much faster than humans when it comes to data processing and arithmetic with precision and speed.

Computers with better memory can be fed with a greater amount of information compared to humans. Machines work harder and smoother than humans. Products can be produced in large quantities at very high speeds with the help of machinery.

Easy communication is possible from anywhere in the world via cell phone. One can travel at great speed anywhere in the world with the help of transportation. Researching and sharing ideas from anywhere in the world has become much easier. Furthermore, machines are not influenced by emotions or emotions, unlike humans.

The conclusion
Equipment has become a very important part of our lives and it helps in many ways. Although it also has a negative impact on our lives. There is no competition between humans and machines because humans are the creators of machines. Humans have invented machines for a variety of purposes and it is important to know the purpose of developing artificial intelligence and its impact on human health. Machines are used to create and destroy by the power of human intelligence.

7 Best Beta-Alanine Supplements

It is said that Intense workouts without the intake of proper nutrition is a huge waste of time.
Without the intake of proper nutrition, supplementation and hydration you will make little or no gains. The importance of raw materials in growth of body’s muscle mass cannot be ignored. So, today in this particular article we are going to discuss about one such nutritious compound, namely Beta-Alanine, and its top 7 supplemental sources. Before we begin, let’s find out what beta-alanine is.

What is Beta-Alanine?

Beta-Alanine is defined as a non-essential amino acid which is the only naturally occurring beta-amino acid. It is a modified version of the amino acid alanine and is produced endogenously in the liver.

Why do people take beta-alanine supplements?

Beta-alanine has been shown to enhance muscular endurance. It aids in the production of carnosine which is a compound that plays a vital role in muscle endurance in high-intensity exercise. It is commonly used for improving athletic performance and building muscles.


1. Transparent Labs BULK

Transparent Labs Beta-Alanine is the top beta-alanine for the purists. It only contains pure beta-alanine powder. There aren’t any added artificial sweeteners, colouring, or preservatives.


It delivers 4 grams of Beta-Alanine along with 18 other active ingredients in every scoop helping boost muscle power, endurance, and stamina so you can fit in those extra reps during your training session.

The only downside to this product being its price. It is relatively expensive. One another bonus is that this product is available in five flavours: Orange, Green Apple, Sour Grape, Blue Raspberry, Tropical Punch.

2. Bulk Supplements

As is evident from the name, bulk supplements is specialized in selling its products in bulk for low prices. This supplement is highly recommended because of its purity, it only contains a pure form of beta-alanine powder with no additives. It is the most cost-effective option.  One downside is that unlike the other similar products, this doesn’t come with a scoop for measuring doses, which at times makes getting the required serving a bit more difficult particularly for those who are unequipped with an alternative means of measuring. Moreover, some people find the product quite sour because of the absence of flavourings and sweeteners.

3. NOW Sports Beta Alanine

NOW Sports Beta-Alanine Powder is a very simple and pure beta-alanine supplement which is manufactured by one of the biggest and best supplement companies in the market.
It’s doses are effective and unflavoured. 


The capsules, unlike many competitors, are vegan-friendly. The prime ingredient is CarnoSyn, beta-alanine with a quite good reputation for its purity. 750 mg of beta alanine is contained in each gelatin capsule with only a minimal number of binders and stabilizing agents.

It is found to delay muscle fatigue and helps to recover faster. Besides being an ideal option for the vegans, it is also Steroid-Free, and Quality GMP Assured product.

4. PrimaForce Beta-Alanine

PrimaForce Beta-Alanine is yet another simple supplement. It contains 2g of beta-alanine per dose, with no other ingredients. It’s a quite affordable option which offers you a loose powder form of beta alanine.

It’s manufactured by PrimaForce which is not as big or established as some of the manufacturers on this list, but is a rapidly growing supplement manufacturer based in the USA. The company states that its mission is to provide the customers with high quality and effective supplements that can help them reach their health and fitness goals.

5. Cellucor C4 Ultimate

Cellucor’s C4 is one of the most powerful pre-workouts available in the market. It is a 4th generation powerful workout boosting supplement that blends beta-alanine with branched-chain amino acids. It includes industry grade ingredients, providing 1.6 Grams of Beta-Alanine in each scoop containing 3.8 grams of the CarnoSyn Beta-Alanine formula and many other ingredients which helps to enhance endurance. It also helps offset muscle soreness and fatigue, and maximizes endurance and stamina.

The prime reason which adds to its uniqueness is that it has the only beta-alanine formula that is patented and clinically studied for its effectiveness.

6. BSN – XPLODE

This one’s another in the category of pre-workout blends that incorporate beta alanine’s performance-enhancing properties as a central part of the supplement’s benefits. It is a top-rated pre-workout supplement that provides explosive energy for explosive results. The powder is effortless to prepare providing you with 3.6 grams of beta-alanine per serving. It blends carnosine, beta-alanine and beta-alanine HCl. Moreover, the product has been purposefully unflavoured allowing for infinite stacking possibilities.The product incorporates two forms of Beta-Alanine as Beta-Alanine HCL and Carnosyn, which aids to enhance muscle growth, strength, and endurance. Xplode goes the extra mile to provide a pre-workout pump focusing on providing extreme endurance.

7.Optimum Nutrition Beta-Alanine

This is another effective supplement that can help individuals in reaching their full potential at the gym.
It uses high-quality ingredients, mixed with a few micronutrients, blended in effective amounts to produce optimal results. Also, the unique addition of L-histidine and phosphates further improves the efficacy of this product helping to keep your workout performance at its prime.

It is manufactured by Optimum Nutrition, which is undoubtedly one of the best brands in the business. The prices are comparatively low which keeps it within the reach of everyone. Additionally, they also have an unflavoured option which provides a good option for those who are sceptical about flavoured supplements. 

Some of The Best Utility Apps

We are living in an era that seems incomplete without technology. To be honest, our day starts and ends with modern-day technological devices. We cannot imagine our life without these devices and this is where applications come into the picture, these devices are incomplete without the apps. These apps add to the functionality of the device and there are numerous apps available for every kind of device based on the type of OS. And so at times, it becomes a confusing task to find the best and the right application for your device.

Downloading an app is easy, but finding the right one is the challenge. That is why we have stepped in to offer a helping hand. Here we will be looking at some of the best Windows app that you should be looking up to in 2021, especially if you own a Windows 10 device and wish to add some notable apps to your inventory.


Office 365

Microsoft Office is not a new term for any of us. It has been one of the most popular apps ever introduced by Microsoft. In the most recent times, Microsoft rolled out a change in its Office package in the form of Office 365. This newer upgrade consists of all the traditional MS Office Package applications and some of the latest applications like Microsoft Teams, People, Sway, and others included inside this single entity named Office 365. It comes in the form of three different subscription packages. They differ in prices and provided features, one being the Onedrive cloud storage space and Skype subscription that is excluded in the latter most package version. With centralized access to the applications like Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Onenote, etc it is one of the must-have applications.

TaskbarX

TaskbarX is yet another very cool personalizing and styling app available for windows 10 which focuses primarily on minimalism and customization. It enhances the look of the taskbar by placing the app icons at the complete center of the taskbar. There are various other available features such as changing the taskbar opacity, adding gradient and blur effect, etc. It also lets you customize the transition animations, that come into play while opening or minimizing an app, and also modify the transition speed. Further to counter the clutter issue associated with the traditional windows taskbar, TaskbarX provides options to hide/unhide the start button and also the windows search bar. It is a must-have app on your pc especially if you are a fan of minimalism.

SoundSwitch

It is one of the simplest but very handy and useful apps. As the name suggests it allows users to easily switch back and forth between different playback devices that are connected to
the system. It also lets you chose the device you would like to use as the microphone and perform related actions such as mute/unmute your microphone. You can assign global hotkeys for doing all the above-mentioned stuff and no matter what screen you are on, you can toggle between your sound playback devices or recording/microphone devices and or mute/unmute yourself. Suppose you are listening to an audio on your speaker but then for some reason you want to switch it to your headphone, it comes in very handy at such moments. It also allows you to create profiles that facilitate switching between speaker and headphones depending on the app you have opened.

Your Phone

Don’t have access to your phone for the time being? Be it for any reason like plugged in for charging or kept at a distance from your comfort zone. No worries the current app will ease things for you. This app allows you to sync your phone with your PC to get instant access to everything you love on your phone, right from your PC. It facilitates making and taking calls from the PC. It allows you to keep up with your conversations, manage your mobile notifications and also view your recent photos.

These were some of the must-have apps for any individual according to us. Whether you are a student or a working professional you’ll definitely love these apps.
What are you waiting for?
Go and give these apps a try.

Entertainment Apps to use in 2021

We are living in an era that seems incomplete without technology. To be honest, our day starts and ends with modern-day technological devices. We cannot imagine our life without these devices and this is where applications come into the picture, these devices are incomplete without the apps. These apps add to the functionality of the device and there are numerous apps available for every kind of device based on the type of OS. And so at times, it becomes a confusing task to find the best and the right application for your device.

Snap Camera

With most of your time being spent sitting in front of digital meeting platforms like Google Meet, Zoom, Microsoft Teams, etc Snap Camera could be a fun tool to escape the daily boredom of virtual meetings and add a bit of fun by bringing the famous Snapchat app lenses to your video chats. It lets you apply different virtual filters to your face by AI recognition while using your computer/laptop webcam. It includes all the most famous Snapchat filters, only this time, you can apply them to the image captured by your PC’s camera, perfect for when you stream or make video calls to friends and family.

Spotify

We have had enough of the productivity and utility apps. Now we’ll look at an entertainment app namely Spotify. Gone are the days when people used to download songs to listen to them on their PC. The modern era is taken over by online music streaming apps such as Spotify that allows users to listen to online music of their choice and even download them to facilitate offline in-app accessibility. Using Spotify, you can stream from millions of songs and even podcasts and listen to your favorite artists and enjoy music in Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu, and many more languages.

WhatsApp Desktop

At last but not the least, we have the desktop version of the popular messaging app Whatsapp.

Whatsapp desktop has all the basic features of the WhatsApp mobile version like sending/receiving messages, attaching pictures, videos, documents, contacts, etc.

It allows you to seamlessly synchronize all of your chats to your computer. Now you might be thinking that all these things can be done via Whatsapp web then why to unnecessarily download a separate app. Well, you are correct to some extent but there’s one feature that lets this app stand out from WhatsApp Web and that is the added functionality of  Voice and Video calls. You cannot make or receive Whatsapp voice or video calls via Whatsapp web but with the desktop app, you can. 

Rishabh Pant

Who will rightfully fill MS Dhoni, the wicket-keeper batsman’s place is a question that has remained unanswered completely since Dhoni’s retirement? And for sure that’s a very big shoe to fill. 

Amidst all these one young man who is proving to be a match-winner for team India is the very talented Rishabh Pant. He is yet another promising talent that the IPL has delivered.

From opening the batting for India at the ICC U-19 World Cup in 2016 and landing an IPL contract to his international debuts in the next two years, Pant has come a long way. His explosive strike rate with the bat has lifted Team India out of extremely tricky situations.

In the absence of Shreyas Iyer, he also got the chance to lead Delhi Capitals in the year 2021.

Although his talent with the bat was never in question but he lacked patience and at times threw away his wicket in a haste. But that has definitely changed with time. The bigger question was his keeping skills for which he was constantly criticized but that has also improved over time.

According to Saba Karim, the ex-India international and former national selector “There has been a remarkable improvement in his keeping skills, and it has happened because of the kind of work he has put in, His footwork has been more decisive. His biggest test was going to be in England. If you compare his keeping skills from the 2018 England tour to now, there is a huge difference.”

Over the last couple of years, pant rose as a mature cricketer. He is considered as one of the match winners of team India. From fans chanting “Dhoni! Dhoni! Dhoni!” after a failed review from Pant in 2019 to raucous chants of “Pant! Pant! Pant!” greeting his moves in front of and behind the stumps, Pant has come a long way.

And for sure there’s a long way for him to go.

What Are Vitamins And Why We Need Them?

We must obtain vitamins from natural foods, or dietary supplements in order to sustain life.
When I mention the word vitamin, most people think pill. Thinking pill brings to mind confusing images of medicine and drugs. Though vitamins can and certainly often do the work of both medicine and drugs,they are neither.
Quite simply, vitamins are organic substances necessary for life. Vitamins
are essential to the normal functioning of our bodies and, save for a few exceptions, cannot be manufactured or synthesized internally. Necessary for
our growth, vitality, and general well-being, they are found in minute quantities in all natural food. We must obtain vitamins from these foods or from dietary supplements.
What you have to keep in mind is that supplements, which are available
in tablet, capsule, liquid, powder, spray, patch, and injection forms, are still just food substances, and, unless synthetic, are also derived from living plant sand animals.
It is impossible to sustain life without all the essential vitamins.
What Vitamins Are Not
Vitamins are neither pep pills nor substitutes for food.
A lot of people think vitamins can replace food. They cannot. In fact, vitamins cannot be assimilated without ingesting food. There are a lot of erroneous beliefs about vitamins, and I hope this book can clear up most of them.Vitamins are not pep pills and have no caloric or energy value of
their own.
Vitamins are not substitutes for protein or for any other nutrients, such as minerals, fats, carbohydrates, water or even for each other!
Vitamins themselves are not the components of our body structures.
You cannot take vitamins, stop eating, and expect to be healthy.

How They Work

If you think of the body as an automobile’s combustion engine and vitamins as spark plugs, you have a fairly good idea of how these amazing minute food substances work for us.
Vitamins regulate our metabolism through enzyme systems. A single deficiency can endanger the whole body.Vitamins are components of our enzyme systems which, acting like spar
plugs, energize and regulate our metabolism, keeping us tuned up and functioning at high performance.
Compared with our intake of other nutrients like proteins, fats, and carbo
hydrates, our vitamin intake (even on some mega dose regimens) is minuscule. But a deficiency in even one vitamin can endanger the whole human body.
But, you should always remember that supplements are supplements and not replacement of regular and healthy food. Without food, they will not work.

Dreams : Types & Facts

Dreams are stories and images that our minds create while we sleep. They can be entertaining, fun, romantic, disturbing, frightening, and sometimes bizarre.

Although it is hard to define what a dream is, for the purpose of this article, we will define dreams as our thoughts during sleep that we recall when we wake up. So, sleeping dreams are not the same as “daydreaming.” Dreams are mostly visual (made up of scenes and faces; sound, taste, and smell are rare in dreams). Dreams can range from truly strange to rather boring, snapshots from a recent event.

Facts on Dreams

  • We may not remember dreaming, but everyone is thought to dream between 3 and 6 times per night.
  • Dreams improve creativity and problem solving.
  • It is thought that each dream lasts between 5 to 20 minutes.
  • Dreams regulate our moods and emotions.
  • Around 95 percent of dreams are forgotten by the time a person gets out of bed.
  • Dreaming can help you learn and develop long-term memories.
  • Blind people dream more with other sensory components compared with sighted people.
  • Dreams support memories.

Types of Dreams

There are 5 main types of dreams : 

1. Normal Dreams

Common dreams about people and experiences that we can sometimes forget.

2. Day Dreams

When we escape from reality and visualise the past, present & future throughout the day.

3. Lucid Dreams

Being completely aware and in control of dream the dream you are having while you sleep.

4. False Awakening Dreams

A vivid type of dream that feels like you have woken up but you are actually still asleep.

5. Nightmares

The least favourite type of dream. Nightmares are disturbing and scary dreams that can feel realistic.

Whether you remember your dreams or not, most people dream every night during REM sleep. REM stands for rapid eye movements, which happen during this stage of sleep. During REM sleep, muscle and brain activity also differ from other sleep stages. Characteristics of dreams tend to be different for each of these sleep stages.

Conclusion

There are different ways scientists measure dreams from asking questions to using MRI. These studies show us that activity in the brain while we sleep gives us the interesting dreams we recall when we wake up. These dreams help us remember things, be more creative, and process our emotions.

We know most kids do not get enough sleep. Some diseases (like Alzheimer’s disease) also make people sleep less, while others (like REM sleep behaviour disorder and mood disorders) affect dreams directly. It is important to study sleep and dreams to understand what happens when we do not get enough sleep and how we can treat people with these diseases.