TECHNOLOGY – A BOON OR BANE

Technology uses techniques to manufacture
or make some products and services. In this modern world, Technology is very
important and ever increasing. Technology changed each of our lives in many way
till these last decade. It has a very high impact on Big industries to normal
Human beings. So, we can extremely say that Technology played a crucial role in
changing each of our lives. Technology has been Revolutionary. It gave us so
many good things. But, a coin should have two sides. It has a good and a bad side
too. Technology changed our lives, but we can’t to say it changed us completely
in a positive way. Technology, of course is a boon as well as a bane!

One of the serious issue of Technology
growth is High usage of Mobile phones, especially , smart phones . Since early
times, smart phones have been revolutionary. Smart phones have had so many
advantages, it helped us in so many ways, but smart phone misuse is a major
drawback. But, it isn’t the fault of its developers as they never develop it in
order to make social issues. It is us, who make it worst. So, Smart phones make
our life easier, thereby, making us lazy. Technology has become an essential
part of our lives. It has transformed luxuries into necessities. I agree with
this statement. In earlier times, affording a computer or even a television was
considered as a luxury but, now-a-days, it has become a necessity. The
generation today wants everything personal T.V., laptop, computer, etc. According
to me, technology has improved the standard of living. Owning new and latest
gadgets is a status symbol now. Earlier, there used to be the postal service.
like, if we wanted to inform anything to somebody, we wrote letters or sent
telegrams. Now, they are outdated; and are replaced by e-mails, SMS, WhatsApp,
etc. undoubtedly, it is very much faster as compared to the older systems.
Development in technology has helped the people of all ages, student, teacher,
doctor, housewife, businessman and many more.

Negative Aspect of Technology

Although technology is a good thing,
everything has two sides. Technology also has two sides one is good and the
other is bad. Here are some negative aspects of technology that we are going to
discuss.

With the help of technology, students
understand what they are taught and can apply it in real life easily. Thanks to
technology, school has become a place where students love to go.

Even outside the classroom, students can
share notes online, research, annotate, collaborate on work, have study groups,
share courses and create virtually creative content online with the help of
apps like google drive. Even social media platforms like facebook and twitter
are places where students can connect with each other to share ideas, articles
and other resources with each other. Internet is the biggest
advantage of technology. We can find anything or order anything while sitting
at home. It is a great boon to us. So, I’ll conclude by saying that, though
technology has provided us with many things but we should be wise enough to use
them.

DEEP LEARNING SERIES- PART 7

The previous article was about the process of convolution and its implementation. This article is about the padding, stride and the parameters involved in a CNN.

We have seen that there is a reduction of dimension in the output vector. A technique known as padding is done to preserve the original dimensions in the output vector. The only change in this process is that we add a boundary of ‘0s’ over the input vector and then do the convolution process.

Procedure to implement padding

To get n*n output use a (n+2*n+2) input
To get 7*7 output use 9*9 input
In that 9*9 input fill the first row, first column, last row and last column with zero.
Now do the convolution operation on it using a filter.
Observe that the output has the same dimensions as of the input.

Zero is used since it is insignificant so as to keep the output dimension without affecting the results

Here all the elements in the input vector have been transferred to the output. Hence using padding we can preserve the originality of the input. Padding is denoted using P. If P=1 then one layer of zeroes is added and so on.

It is not necessary that the filter or kernel must be applied to all the cells. The pattern of applying the kernel onto the input vector is determined using the stride. It determines the shift or gaps in the cells where the filter has to be applied.-

S=1 means no gap is created. The filter is applied to all the cells.

S=2 means gap of 1. The filter is applied to alternative cells. This halves the dimensions on the output vector.

This diagram shows the movement of filter on a vector with stride of 1 and 2. With a stride of 2; alternative columns are accessed and hence the number of computations per row decreases by 2. Hence the output dimensions reduce while use stride.

The padding and stride are some features used in CNN.

Parameters in a convolution layer

The following are the terms needed for calculating the parameter for a convolution layer.

Input layer

Width Wi – width of input image

Height Hi – height of input image

Depth Di – 3 since they follow RGB

We saw that 7*7 inputs without padding and stride along with 3*3 kernels gave a 5*5 output. It can be verified using this calculation.

The role of padding can also be verified using this calculation.

The f is known as filter size. It can be a 1*1, 3*3 and so on. It is a 1-D value so the first value is taken. There is another term K which refers to the number of kernels used. This value is fixed by user.

These values are similar to those of w and b. The machine learns the ideal value for these parameters for high efficiency. The significance of partial connection or CNN can be easily understood through the parameters.

Consider the same example of (30*30*3) vector. The parameter for CNN by using 10 kernels will be 2.7 million. This is a large number. But if the same is done using FNN then the parameters will be at least 100 million. This is almost 50 times that of before. This is significantly larger than CNN. The reason for this large number is due to the full connectivity.

Parameter= 30*30*3*3*10= 2.7M

HAPPY READING!!

QUALITIES OF GOOD LEADER

Best characteristics of an effective leader | IronStrike

1.Good Communications skills

Communication can make or break your efforts to connect with your team, manage and coordinate initiatives, and build trust within your organization. Great pioneers speak with a worker first focal point. They communicate based on the needs and preferences of their team members and seek to listen to and understand the employee experience.

2.Have a dream for what’s to come/have a vision

Vision gives center, inspiration, and course to travel through change and snags. Great pioneers have a reasonable vision and can express the way ahead to their group. Leaders ought to have the option to interface the work on the ground to the master plan and give the explanation for all that they do.

3. Understanding what others want

For dealing with a group one should understand what sorts of jobs are reasonable for every single individual from the group. The pioneer ought to have the capacity to use every individuals potential to the most extreme. Each colleague ought to have singular objectives fell down from a solitary Goal and vision of the group. Colleagues accordingly feel that their commitments are significant in accomplishing the goal/Goal.

4.Consider themselves responsible

Great pioneers consider themselves responsible and are continually attempting to improve and advance. They are perpetually discontent with business as usual. Responsibility and consistent improvement require a guarantee to looking for and following up on criticism, gaining from errors, and course remedying.

5.Show appreciation

A grateful pioneer is an powerful pioneer. Appreciation brings positive collaborations and association, expands commitment, and fabricates flexibility. Grateful leaders comprehend that achievement is a collaboration and they make a point to perceive the work and commitments of their group.

RESOURCES:

https://www.ccl.org/articles/leading-effectively-articles/characteristics-good-leader/

2. https://www.quantumworkplace.com/future-of-work/5-qualities-of-a-good-leader

The time when Britain-China clashed over India's Opium -> Opium War 1840

It was in June 1840 when a fleet of British warships went to China’s Pearl River Delta and started war. The security system of China’s coastal areas was weak. China could not last long in front of this British attack and it knelt down.

This was the first Opium War in which thousands of people were killed and that too in the name of free trade. The opium trade in China was a profitable business but it was also illegal. Two Scottish men were involved in this business and both played a major role at the start of the war.

William Jardine was a doctor by profession and also a businessman.

From Tea to Opium :

After the first meeting in a Chinese brothel, another businessman named James Matheson became William’s partner. In 1832, the two together formed Jardine, Matheson and Company, headquartered in Canton, southern China. The canton is now known as the Ganzhou of China.

Foreigners were allowed to do business only in this area of China. They used to trade opium instead of tea. There was a great craze for tea in Britain. By the end of the 18th century, Britain was importing 6 million pounds of tea from the canton every year.

Business in Silver :

But soon Britain started facing problems in this business because China’s condition was that it would take only silver as the price of tea. Britain offered things like carved utensils, scientific instruments and woolen cloth as the price of the tea. But China refused to take it.

Qian Long, the then emperor of China, wrote in a letter to King George III, “We have all those things and are of better quality. I do not value such useless things and we have no use for things made in your country.”

Smuggling of Opium :

In the span of fifty years, Britain paid China the equivalent of 270 million pounds of silver, and in return could only sell them 9 million pounds of goods. This tea coming from China for Britain gradually started becoming expensive and they did not see any other way to make money there.

At least legally it was so. But British businessmen in India saw it as an opportunity. Opium was grown on a large scale in the Bengal region. Although opium was banned in China, opium has been used in Chinese medicine for thousands of years.

Ban in China :

But by the time of the fifteenth century, Chinese people started using it for intoxication by mixing it with tobacco. Soon a large section of Chinese society became addicted to opium and fell into its grip. Its social side effects also started coming to the fore. The victims of opium addiction started selling their valuables for it.

In 1729, Emperor Yongzheng of China completely banned the sale and sale of opium and its use as a drug. But after a hundred years had passed, the craze for opium of the Chinese had not diminished in the slightest and the British started exploiting their addiction.

Eastern Part of India :

By the year 1836, 30,000 boxes of opium started reaching China every year from India. Jardine, Matheson & Company held a quarter of this business. By breaking the government order banning opium in China, Britain had found a way to increase its income from China.

According to Professor Jan Carroll of the University of Hong Kong, “The British realized that opium is grown in the eastern region of India and that smuggling it into China can make a lot of profit.” And this was made easy for Britain by the coastal position of Canton city of China.

China’s action :

Professor Jan Carroll said, “They easily carried opium in small boats to the shores of the canton. There was always someone there to help them on the shore. From an economic point of view, it was making a lot of profit.”

But breaking the law of Britain in this way did not remain hidden for long. In 1839, Emperor Daoguang of China declared war on drugs. An order was given to launch a raiding campaign against Western businessmen.

British Government :

Warehouses located in the 13 Factories area of Canton were raided and sealed by Chinese troops. The Chinese forced the foreign businessmen to surrender. In this action of China, goods worth 2 million pounds were confiscated. It also had 20,000 boxes of opium and 40,000 opium pipes.

Following this seizure, Pershan left for London from William Jardine Canton, where he pleaded with the British Foreign Minister, Lord Palmerston, to retaliate against China. Opium played a major role in the British’s revenue from India, so it did not take long for the British government to decide to send a navy to China.

China’s Defeat :

In June 1840, Britain sent 16 warships and 27 ships to China’s Pearl River Delta. There were 4000 people on these ships. The fleet also had the iron warship Nemesis, on which rocket launchers that could be fired up to two miles were stationed.

Although the Chinese were ready for this attack, they did not have the ability to counter the British power. His cannon could last only four to five hours in front of Britain. For the next two years, the British Navy started moving through the Chinese coast towards Shanghai.

Treaty of inequality :

Most of the Chinese soldiers were victims of opium addiction and were defeated everywhere. There were 20 to 25 thousand Chinese casualties in this war while Britain lost 69 soldiers. After this war, China was completely shaken. In August 1842, on HMS Cornwallis near Nanking, the British signed an agreement with the Chinese, which the world knows as the ‘Equal Treaty’ or ‘Treaty of Equality’.

China had to open five ports to foreign trade and paid 201 million silver dollars to Britain as damages caused by the opium trade and the war. Britain got possession of Hong Kong from this treaty, which was to be used to increase the opium trade in China.

Is Chocolate Good For Our Health?

We all love eating chocolate but our parents always scolded for eating them. But is it really good for our health or it just brings obesity.

Although eating too much chocolate is not good but in adequate amount it serves various benefits. Researchers have found that an ingredient in chocolate – cocoa beans contains antioxidants (a substance that inhibits oxidation, especially one used to counteract the deterioration of stored food products.) which reduces the damage to our cells which otherwise may lead to cancer development. Some report that eating chocolate may lower the risk of certain cancers, while others show no benefit.

Flavanols ( naturally occurring compounds found in cocoa) have been shown to lower blood pressure and make heart, veins, and arteries work better. Chocolates contains maximum amount of cocoa are considered best in terms for our heart. Chocolate is also said to fight against bad cholesterol and so consuming a bit of chocolate once in a while will keep the bad stuff away for a long time.

Dark chocolate is loaded with soluble fiber and many essential minerals like zinc, iron, magnesium and copper. Since it contains sugar it is thus a great source of energy. It is also found that dark chocolate contains certain chemicals that signals brain to release a happy hormone- dopamine which is a stress relieving hormone.

Apart from these benefits – “Excess of everything is bad”. Since it contains high amounts of sugar therefore it should be taken in less amount and is not recommended to obese people. Moreover eating high level of chocolates is also not good for our teeth and we should always brush our teeth after having them. Furthermore only those chocolates should be taken which contains high amount of cocoa atleast 70% of cocoa and less amount of cocain. It might give your heart some benefit, and it generally has less sugar and saturated fat than milk chocolate or other kinds of chocolate.

Plight of Victim in Criminal Justice System

(Photo: The Daily Guardian)

You want to report,
but that could get your family in danger… And if you snitch on a real gang
leader…. they can get you bad… [The] police don’t have your back unless
you’re like someone on the news or whatever, and they will kind of give you
witness protection. But that doesn’t happen in the real world.

–FEMALE,
SACRAMENTO

The expression
‘victims of crime’ has been defined in section 2 of the code of criminal
procedure, 1973. Initially, the criminal justice system in India was focused on
punishment as part of the crime without much attention on the suffering of
victims of crime. The rights of prisoners were protected even after their
conviction whereas little concern was shown for the rights of victims of crime.
Though there is a wealth of data on victims of reported crime nationally, as
well as various services and programs intending to meet their needs, there
remains a dearth of clear information on how to interrupt cycles of violence
and the persistence vulnerability that keeps such an overwhelming percentage at
high risk of experiencing more crime.

However, with the
emergence of public interest litigation, the higher courts’ attention was drawn
to this lacunae in the existing criminal justice system by social activists,
and the courts started granting compensatory relief to victims of crime, but
comprehensive legislation on this aspect of criminal justice was still awaited.
In recent times, among the many reforms canvassed for improving the criminal justice
system is the one that advocates a victim orientation to criminal justice
administration. Though there are some provisions under the Indian constitution
and some sections in the code of criminal procedure, 1973 to protect the rights
of the victims and for providing compensation, the criminal courts at the lower
level in India have ignored those provisions for a long time and not utilized
them during their sentencing processes.

Victim plays an
important role in the criminal justice system but his or her welfare is not
given due regard by the state instrumentality. Thus, the role of high courts or
the supreme court in our country in affirming and establishing their rights
holds much importance. “Tears shed for the accused are traditional
and trendy but has the law none for the victim of crime, the unknown martyrs“?
This remark by the Hon’ble Justice VK Krishna Iyer aptly describes the plight
of victims in the criminal justice system in our country. The victim is almost
a forgotten entity in the criminal system rather the irony is that the victim
sets the wheel of justice moving by giving information to the state
instrumentalities without which the entire system would collapse.

“Victims
should come first“…

It is of
course an indisputable fact that victims of crime have long been a forgotten
group, a group that suffered for centuries not only from society’s neglect but
also from the exploration of their rightful dias by the state. It is also true
that they had their conflicts stolen by professionals and by the criminal
justice system. However, the exceptional speed with which they were
rediscovered and their cause adopted by the politicians, let alone the
political climate that prevailed at the time of their rediscovery, is bound to
raise questions about the real interests and motives behind what has been
portrayed as a genuinely humanitarian and disinterest cause.

A comprehensive
legal code for victim compensation is a dire necessity. The time has come for
the legislature to stop shirking its duty. Hence, a comprehensive legal code
should be enacted providing for fair treatment, assistance, and adequate
compensation to victims of crime. Only on embarking on this step can justice in
its more altruistic forms be obtained. It should be made mandatory for the
state to pay compensation to the victims of the crime of not only the private
criminal wrongs but also for the criminal acts perpetrated by its agencies.
This mandatory duty of the state gains importance from two points of view
namely as a welfare state committed to the constitutional goal of social
justice and secondly, for its failure to protect the life, liberty, and
security of its citizens.

Therefore, I would
like to conclude with this quote-

“Too
much money…. often resulted in further crimes which were fatal to innocent
victims who need not have been victims if justice had been put first and mercy
second.”

–Agatha Christie

How Psychology has affected my life?

by Shashikant Nishant Sharma

(Photo: EduAdvisor)

It takes the
innocence out of everything. You don’t see love (or any other feeling) as love
but dig deep to uncover a subconscious need. Of course, that usually turns out
to be true, in which case it worsens the lack of spontaneity. A psychologist
will define it or forever be in pursuit of the meaning behind it. Some people’s
brains are like that. They’re good at it. But nobody likes to be under a
scanner all the time. It’s unnerving.

Psychology softens
one’s understanding of oneself. But the same distance or unattached
empathy has to be maintained to achieve that. At first, psychology and its
study is a way to answer personal conflicts. Studying psychology has affected
and taught me to recognize and check my biases. I used to think that I was fair
and unbiased in how I viewed other people and myself. I have learned about
various psychological errors and biases which made me realize how wrong I was.

Psychology is all
about observing how we behave and why behave that way in every situation of our
life. It changes your way of approaching a problem or situation drastically and
you can find a solution easily to any problem. It changed my way of thinking
and increased my maturity level to better standards. Now I’m able to receive
people as they are without judging them and able to find out the root causes of
my emotional problems and carefully editing my emotions.

It’s an old saying:
“For the world, a psychologist is crazy; for a psychologist, the
whole world is crazy.” This is so true. We consider a psychologist as
a mental. We fail to understand the benefits which we can derive from a
psychologist or simply by studying psychology. In today’s world of rush, it’s
hard to keep yourself calm and your mind in peace. Psychology helps you to deal
with that. So, it is very much needed in today’s world.

They say that
knowledge is power, and indeed it’s true that studying certain subjects gives
you an edge over others, and in life in general. Psychology proved to be one of
those. It helps in inculcating various skills that are relevant in today’s
world. Along with my problem, psychology has helped me in developing five major
skills which are: communication skills, critical thinking skills, insight into
people’s behavior skills, research skills, and understanding skills.

In a nutshell, a
mind is a powerful tool, and psychological insight can hone it into something
invincible. It has the power to change your perspective and outlook. It has the
power to change you into a better person. Studying psychology has proved to be
a blessing for my life and it has affected my life positively.

LIFE WITHOUT MODERN GADGETS

By: Astha Raghav

Technology today has revolutionalized our times in all possible ways. From dawn to dusk there is no time where we work without a gadget in our hand. Be it the global plague of mobile phones or our fingures struck on computers, i-pads,tabs, modern gadgets are such an integral part of our everyday life today that we can’t really imagine a world without them.

Today we are completely dependent on modern gadgets. Our mobile phone is like a personal secretary with accounts of all that we do everyday. The times when we remembered the phone numbers of important contacts have long gone, now that is the job of mobile to save it in its memory. Everywhere around, we can spot young people with headphones in their ear, connected to their i-pads and unaware of their surroundings. Modern gadgets seem to have helped to connect us virtually but in reality they have forced us to an isolated life. The human connects, especially the amount of time we used to spend with family and friends in past has today reduced to watsApp messages and Facebook updates. Perhaps if we go back to such a time when we have our life without modern gadgets, we will be able to come close to our family and friends. The connect between two persons is a human bond. Messages and emails transfer our words but they can’t send the emotions which lie behind those words.

Thus in today’s time, a life without modern gadgets will be one of human emotions and feelings and not of robotic expressions and methods. We will be able to build relationships and not increase the friends list. It will be a human life with sensitivity and love. Science has made life easy, convenient, comfortable, better and more beautiful. Its achievements, discoveries and inventions are wonderful. Friends and relatives living in different parts of the world seem a lot closer all thanks to modern gadgets, such as web cam, etc. Therefore, it is suffice to say that life without modern gadgets would slow down and become less efficient. Science has made life easy, convenient, comfortable, better and more beautiful.

THANK YOU!

LAUGHTER IS THE BEST MEDICINE

By: Astha Raghav

It should not take a doctor to tell you that laughing is good for health, a better way to cope with life than brooding over negative thoughts. Can there be a better way to greet the day than with a smile or a deep- bellied laugh? Laughingout loud helps more than endless rounds of medication. Not only is laughter therapy free and easy to practice, it can benefit in many ways. The benefits of laughter. It’s true: laughter is strong medicine. It draws people together in ways that trigger healthy physical and emotional changes in the body. Laughter strengthens your immune system, boosts mood, diminishes pain, and protects you from the damaging effects of stress.

Laughter is a good muscle-relaxant and reduces stress hormones, it increases the count of natural killer cells and raises antibody levels. 15 minutes of laughter is equivalent to 10 minutes of strenuous aerobic exercise. It is the enemy of anti-depressant pills and tranquillizers.

Laughter improves lung capacity and oxygen levels in blood and cures chest infections. It is the best medicine. Do not waste time; join a laughter club and harvest rich benefits from the healing effects of laughter therapy. Laughter is the best medicine!: Humor is good for the health! idiom. This idiom suggests that laughter or good humor is beneficial to the health. The old cliche, “laughter is the best medicine,” may actually have some truth to it. According to legendary funny man Carl Reiner, “there isn’t anything more important than being able to laugh. When you can laugh, life is worth living.

THANK YOU!

What Are Paralympics?

The Paralympics started in a small scale in 1948 and now it is one of the most anticipated events of all times. It is a periodic series of international events comprising of multiple events involving athletes with a range of disabilities, including impaired muscle power (e.g. paraplegia and quadriplegia, muscular dystrophy, post-polio syndrome, spina bifida), impaired passive range of movement, limb deficiency (e.g. amputation or dysmelia), leg length difference, short stature, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis, vision impairment and intellectual impairment.

It comprises of summer Paralympics and Winter Paralympics. It is held immediately after the Olympics. The Paralympics has grown from 400 athletes with a disability from 23 countries in 1960 to thousands of competitors from over 100 countries at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. Paralympians strive for equal treatment with non-disabled Olympic athletes, but there is a large funding gap between Olympic and Paralympic athletes. The games are governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC).

Since the athletes participating in the games can have varied disabilities therefore to make the games equal for all, the permissible disabilities has been divided into 10 parts. The categories are impaired muscle power, impaired passive range of movement, limb deficiency, leg length difference, short stature, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis, vision impairment and intellectual impairment. These categories are further broken down into classifications, which vary from sport to sport.

The first Winter Paralympic Games were held in 1976 in Sweden. This was the first Paralympics in which multiple categories of athletes with disabilities could compete. The Winter Games were celebrated every four years on the same year as their summer counterpart, just as the Olympics were. The International Paralympic Committee is the global governing body of the Paralympic Movement. It comprises 176 National Paralympic Committees (NPC) and four disability-specific international sports federations. The IPC’s international headquarters are in Bonn, Germany.

The Paralympic Games emphasize the participants’ athletic achievements and not their disability. Recent games have emphasized that these games are about ability and not disability. The movement has grown dramatically since its early days – for example, the number of athletes participating in the Summer Paralympic games has increased from 400 athletes in Rome in 1960 to 4,342 athletes from 159 countries in Rio de Janeiro in 2016. Both the Paralympic Summer and Winter Games are recognized on the world stage.

WHY READING IS IMPORTANT IN TODAY’S WORLD

Amidst our daily lives filled with activities throughout our entire day from the crack of dawn to dusk, we often find ourselves multi-tasking with little to no time for our own wellness. Our constant need for checking social media instead for trying to gather more knowledge and trying to learn new things has not helped much in improving the situation at all. When was the last time you picked up a book and were actually able to finish it? Certainly we may not always have time to read books in our busy schedules. However, trying does not hurt at all. Reading is an activity that might have picked up ever since we were kinds. It is actually a privilege; being able to read and write is a privilege in itself. But sometimes we severely fail to acknowledge this.

Reading comes with a variety of benefits. Some of them are discussed as follows:-

#1 HELPS IMPROVE CONCENTRATION AND FOCUS

As multi-task away our days into oblivion, when we actually nothing getting done at times, it can be quite frustrating when we are just trying to do our best. We might get distracted by that twitter notification or that whatsapp message from the friend’s group planning a reunion.This results us in losing our focus and make us completely forget what we were actually doing in the first place. However, reading can really help us solve this issue at hand. A number of studies have shown that reading around 15-20 minutes a day can significantly improve your focus and concentration levels to a maximum.

So, read a book to focus on your everyday tasks better!

#2 MAKES US EMPATHETIC

Reading a book about the experiences of everyday racism tolerate by African-american people may help us understand the major problem of the world that affects these innocent souls at a massive scale. Certainly, in such cases, books may help us to become more empathetic towards the way we observe and perceive things in our life. We may become kinder and compassionate to our fellow beings, all thanks to our books.

So, make the world a better place by initiating a change and start reading!

#3 MAKES US BETTER AT COMMUNICATION

Readings book can actually make us a better communicator. This is evident through the fact that a we read books, knowing about stories, differing point of views, they offer us common ground for analysing the various side of arguments. This may help us in our everyday conversations as we are often able to understand the situations in better manner, keeping in mind not only our requirements but that of the other parties as well. This helps us communicate without any chances of misunderstandings and makes sure that the conversation is fruitful and productive.

Furthermore, reading also makes us an interesting person too. People would often prefer and like to interact with the ones that have knowledge about what they are saying and actually understand the depth of their words.

In conclusion, we can say that reading may be life-changing for the ones who try it. So,try reading to understand people and even yourself better!

Educational status in India after 1947

Between 1935 to 1955 there is the development in the area of education in university. New universities were opened and the strength of students were also increased. But after the independence there was increased in the field of education in university. After separation only 19 universities were there but after that new 14 universities were opened. So that the government decided to create a team for the survey of university for analysis the new technology gained by the university. New educational program provides to the students for the development of students.

Aim of university education

Aim of university education :- After the independence our social, cultural and political facts are changed that changes increase the work of universities. Universities will give the affort towards the new technology. Now they the wants that type of education which increase the occupation, business etc.

Commercial education :- In commission 1st preference is given to commercial education. The field comes on this are agriculture, commercial, engineering and technology, teaching and health.

Engineering and technology :- At present engineering and technology are be the national property and we should try to increase it or improve this. All apportunity should be given to students who are studying in engineering college to work in the industry.

Medical :- Only those students get admission in medical colleges who have knowledge.

Teaching :- Syllabus of the university should be modified and changed according to the time. There must be exam conducted among the students.

Agricultural :- In rural areas new institutes are opened for the students so that they learn about the agriculture.

This is all modifications done after in independent of India.

INSPIRATION LEADS TO SUCCESS.

Inspiration can come from anywhere, it’s something that makes you want to change in your life for the better, or someone who pushes you or set’s an example, or someone that makes you think about your life and how you want to change it.

My inspiration was my envy! Yes you heard it right. Growing up as a student was a challenging task. A child is vulnerable during this stage of life. The influence which the social sphere lay’s on them is very overwhelming. A child is born as an empty slate with capabilities; that child becomes a well adjusted individual by manifesting the potential they possess in a right way.

Let me share my piece of story. My experience as a student was, I lacked the quality of confidence and was not motivated enough to perform well in my desire area of interest, Literature. Every year mu school use to host English Recitation Competition in which I wanted to participate and win, but didn’t had the grit to admit my self into the competition. My teacher who always encouraged every student to exploit their potential advised me,“Winning doesn’t matter, what matter is participating”. That piece of encouragement was sufficient to to kick start my journey in search of my confidence aand winning that competition. I participated in the competition but I lose I was disheartened but was determine to win next year, but again success was not on my side and that’s when envy came into the frame. I was envious towards the winners and compared myself with them not releasing I was demotivating my own self. Consequently I observed the winners in the following years analyzing their ploy and instructed myself if they can do it why can’t I! I worked on my language skills and hand gestures evently advancing in the reciting tactics. I made the winners my model and changed my envious attitude into a matured one, which helped me to boost my motivation. This changes helped me to win the competition after a consistent failures in the past years. That’s when I learnt “INSPIRATION LEADS TO SUCCESS”

Social Media Etiquettes

Social media etiquette has been the need of the hour with the emergence of various social media platforms in the modern world. Since this are the etiquettes to be followed online, they are also known as NETIQUETTES.

■ SOCIAL MEDIA ETIQUETTE & IT’S IMPORTANCE

▪Social media etiquette refers to the guidelines that companies and individuals use to preserve their reputation online.

A single silly mistake can not only spoil your reputation professionally but also in your personal life.

▪Etiquette helps with the hard part.

Most articles about social media focus on how to handle platforms. But most missteps in social media happen because of how we handle our audiences. Etiquette provides the framework for tackling this “people part.” Without it, you’re flying blind in all those platforms.

▪Etiquette helps you bounce back from mistakes.

No matter how great your manners are, inevitably we all make mistakes in social media. That’s because people are weird and unpredictable. It’s impossible to flawlessly communicate with everyone all the time. But knowing where points of confusion commonly crop up can help you improve your chances of doing it more successfully, more often.

▪Etiquette makes you a better supporter of your peers.

There is no one “right way” to do social media and no one does it perfectly. Knowing other people are also making mistakes makes the whole playing field less intimidating. Our collective imperfection also makes us less likely to jump on the blame bandwagon and start pointing fingers when mistakes happen.

▪ Etiquette helps you be more empathetic.

While your goal in using social media is undoubtedly important, don’t forget you are communicating with people who have goals, too. Using proper etiquette forces you to put yourself in your audience’s shoes, which ultimately gives you a better understanding of their wants and needs.

▪ Etiquette helps you focus on the bottom line.

Posting personal info to a professional account, accidentally sharing private information publicly or inadvertently insulting an influential supporter are all etiquette mistakes that can create a social media firestorm. Will those type of mistakes end your career or company? Maybe not. But they will distract you from the business of being awesome and that can affect your bottom line.

▪Etiquette makes you more productive.

In spite of its popular appeal and easy access, social media is complicated and complex and only produces strategic results if you use it strategically. You will need a variety of tools at your disposal to do this strategic work. Etiquette is one of those tools.

▪ Etiquette makes the social web a better place.

Sure pleases and thank yous seem like little things that don’t matter a whole lot in the grand scheme. But there is a lot of rudeness, trolling and bullying on social media these days. Using good etiquette is one way you can help collectively tip the scales back in the direction of people being nicer to each other.

▪ Good etiquette feels good.

As Maya Angelou once said, “Just do right. Right might not be expedient. It may not be profitable. But it will satisfy your soul.” Social media etiquette is social media done right that feel right.

■TIPS TO IMPROVE YOUR SOCIAL MEDIA ETIQUETTES

▪Think before you post. Ask yourself how a post could be taken out of context, double- check that it’s error-free and ensure you’re posting on the right account.

▪ Understand the platform you’re posting on and the conventions of that platform. On Twitter, for example, you can post several times a day, while the same behaviour might be considered spammy on Facebook. On Facebook, hashtags are widely considered #annoying so #DontUseThem #ever .

Speaking of which, don’t use too many hashtags even on Twitter. Recent studies have shown that hashtags play little role in increasing the virality of your tweet and can impede understanding. When you do use them, ensure that every letter of a new word is capitalized. (I.e. #GoTeamGo not #goteamgo)

Don’t auto-post from Facebook to Twitter and vice versa. Though auto-posting might save you some time, no one will read a Twitter post that gets cut-off mid sentence or a Facebook post with @ tags.

▪ Strike the right tone: If you post in language that’s too stiff and formal, your organization will look aloof and out of place. If you’re too casual, you will look unprofessional.

Don’t disguise your intentions. Be up front whenever you promote something you have a vested interest in.

▪Use correct grammar and spelling.

Don’t sign your posts, unless you’re

a) posting from a Twitter account that’s handled by multiple people or

b) Mark Twain/ Oscar Wilde/ Ghandi or some other famous quotable figure.

Don’t use Capslock (no one likes being shouted at) or go overboard with exclamation marks/emoticons. Unless your team has just upset its arch-rival with 1 second to go at the Olympics/Paralympics, you probably don’t need more than 1 exclamation mark per sentence.

▪Respond to questions and comments promptly.

Don’t let social media accounts fall idle. It reflects poorly on your organization. If you’re strapped for time, use some of the many post-scheduling devices such as Hootsuite to schedule some content.

▪Use blocking or banning only as a last measure. Your social media channels should be a place for healthy debate. If someone is speaking negatively about your organization, politely respond to their concerns and encourage them to contact you by email to follow up. If someone is being harassing or using threatening language, however, feel free to block and ban them.

▪Be careful with humour. If something will offend even 1 person out of 100, don’t post it. Humour can backfire more than any other posting type.

▪ While it’s okay to share something from another organization’s page, ask before you share something from someone’s personal page.

▪Vary your message. If you want to increase the visibility of a big event with multiple posts, change the language and tone of each post.

On Twitter, shorten your links using a link shortener like Ow.ly or go.gl.

▪ Many people who work in social media for sports organizations have an existing relationship within the sports community (i.e. a former athlete) and may have friends there. Be mindful of the distinction between your personal and professional social media life and keep your tone professional when engaging with your real-life friends on your organization’s social media channels.

▪ Above all, be genuine. Traditional business communication methods can come off as wooden and hollow on social media. Ditch the passive voice and the stock phrases and speak directly to your audience.

The Voidless Void

We are always filled with so much curiosity and questions to know why the certain thing is happening the way they are, we were always this eager to find out the truth even when we were toddlers we have this tendency of why, and it is natural too when we have this vast, boundless space which is filled with void yet it contains the basic life element there.

On some planet of this vast space, we have a canyon of the size of the united states and we don’t even know what could be lurking behind the Neptune.

We know if we have something in our life it’s not because they just randomly appear out of nowhere but it’s actually where they were crafted So why would anything in our space be just randomly placed?

Our galaxy out there and even many more are situated at a certain place and billion and millions of light-years away as they are not found in isolation but they are either the part of a cluster or they have a belt of satellite galaxies around the group.

A Bizzare Cosmic Void

Our space is the large web of many things with spaces filled with dark matter and the voids in between the network of many big and clustered galaxies and still, they cover almost 90% of the total space which could vary in the diameter of billions and millions of light year.

The question still lingers on that how the void must have been formed or they just appear out in one space day? As the formation of the galaxy, we are currently residing started millions of the year ago, they were objects which were highly clustered and thus make the impact on the density of that cosmic web making the smaller object around them either move far away and creating the lesser density area which now we know as void.

The Sound of Void

The cosmic web we think might be just the representation of some model explaining the thing which one can’t actually see from but its more than that the cosmic web is the largest structure showing the pattern of the galaxy with voids and many things in between filling everything that our entire space has to offer us.

How come when it sustains our very own earth in its web and contains many alien objects, planets, and things still while defining it the 90% of it is just nothing and how can one know everything about nothing?

Nothing is what our space has made up from the starting is it? No, our space millions and a billion of years ago were evenly spread out on the surface with no star, no void nothing just the presence of gases but when the presence of gases and matter increased in certain part it started growing stronger and hence collapsing under the rule of gravity which started the creation of star and planets and eventually big bluffy galaxy thus taking everything around them and living back the void.

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#1 HELPS IMPROVE CONCENTRATION AND FOCUS

#2 MAKES US EMPATHETIC

#3 MAKES US BETTER AT COMMUNICATION

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A Bizzare Cosmic Void

The Sound of Void

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