As we all are familiar with words coding and programming but very few people knows what is the difference between coding and programming.
so let’s see
coding:
Coding simple means writing codes and a coder is an individual who codes
from one language to another. Coding is also programming but it’s used to implement the initial steps of computer programming. … They are more of a language oriented programmers who translate logic into machine-readable codes.Their work is to just create software. Coder is just to translate logic or ideas into machine readable language.This is where
programming comes into picture.

programming:
programmer’s job is to solve the given problem by his own logic or idea. A programmer creates things, develops logic, and analyzes a problem. Writing code is just the beginning steps of what makes up the tasks of a programmer. While a coder codes at an intermediate level, a programmer works actively on the abstract solutions to a potential problem that may or may not pertain along the process. The idea is to rectify even the slightest
problem that can possibly ruin the code and lay out the perfect plan accordingly to navigate the project through its successful implementation without any bugs and errors. The job of a programmer is to craft solutions to problems that may or may not occur. It takes years for an individual to become a professional programmer. They can work as developers, coders, analysts, and more.
There are two types of programming languages, which can be categorized
into the following ways:

1. Low level language

a) Machine language (1GL)
b) Assembly language (2GL)

1. High level language
   a) Procedural-Oriented language (3GL)
   b) Problem-Oriented language (4GL)
   c) Natural language (5GL)
2. Low level language
   This language is the most understandable language used by computer to perform its operations.
   It can be further categorized into:
   a) Machine Language (1GL)
   Machine language consists of strings of binary numbers (i.e. 0s and 1s) and it is the only one language, the processor directly understands. Machine language has an Merits of very fast execution speed and efficient use of primary memory.
3. Merits:
   ¨ It is directly understood by the processor so has faster execution time since the programs written in this language need not to be translated.
   ¨ It doesn’t need larger memory.
4. Demerits:
   ¨ It is very difficult to program using 1GL since all the instructions are to be represented by 0s and 1s.
   ¨ Use of this language makes programming time consuming.
   ¨ It is difficult to find error and to debug.
   ¨ It can be used by experts only.
   b) Assembly Language
   Assembly language is also known as low-level language because to design a program programmer requires detailed knowledge of hardware specification. This language uses mnemonics code (symbolic operation code like ‘ADD’ for addition) in place of 0s and 1s. The program is converted into machine code by assembler. The resulting program is reffered to as an object code.

Merits:
¨ It is makes programming easier than 1GL since it uses mnemonics code for programming.
Eg: ADD for addition, SUB for subtraction, DIV for division, etc.
¨ It makes programming process faster.
¨ Error can be identified much easily compared to 1GL.
¨ It is easier to debug than machine language.
Demerits:
¨ Programs written in this language is not directly understandable by computer so translators should be used.
¨ It is hardware dependent language so programmers are forced to think in terms of computer’s architecture rather than to the problem being solved.
¨ Being machine dependent language, programs written in this language are very less or not protable.
¨ Programmers must know its mnemonics codes to perform any task.

1. High level language
   Instructions of this language closely resembles to human language or English like words. It uses mathematical notations to perform the task. The high level language is easier to learn. It requires less time to write and is easier to maintain the errors. The high level language is converted into machine language by one of the two different languages translator programs; interpreter or compiler.

High level language can be further categorized as:
a) Procedural-Oriented language (3GL)
The procedural programming language is used to execute a sequence of statements which lead to a result. Typically, this type of programming language uses multiple variables, heavy loops and other elements, which separates them from functional programming languages. Functions of procedural language may control variables, other than function’s value returns. For example, printing out information.
Procedural Programming is a methodology for modeling the problem being solved, by determining the steps and the order of those steps that must be followed in order to reach a desired outcome or specific program state. These languages are designed to express the logic and the procedure of a problem to be solved. It includes languages such as Pascal, COBOL, C,
FORTAN, etc.

Merits:
¨ Because of their flexibility, procedural languages are able to solve a variety of problems.
¨ Programmer does not need to think in term of computer architecture which makes them focused on the problem.
¨ Programs written in this language are portable.

Demerits:
¨ It is easier but needs higher processor and larger memory.
¨ It needs to be translated therefore its execution time is more.
b) Problem-Oriented language (4GL)
It allows the users to specify what the output should be, without describing all the details of how the data should be manupulated to produce the result. This is one step ahead from 3GL.
These are result oriented and include database query language.
Eg: Visual Basic, C#, PHP, etc.
The objectives of 4GL are to:
Ø Increase the speed of developing programs.
Ø Minimize user’s effort to botain information from computer.
Ø Reduce errors while writing programs.

Merits:
¨ Programmer need not to think about the procedure of the program. So, programming is much easier.
Demerits:
¨ It is easier but needs higher processor and larger memory.
¨ It needs to be translated therefore its execution time is more.
c) Natural language (5GL)
Natural language are stil in developing stage where we could write statrments that would look like normal sentences.

Merits:
¨ Easy to program.
¨ Since, the program uses normal sentences, they are easy to understand.
¨ The programs designed using 5GL will have artificial intelligence (AI).
¨ The programs would be much more interactive and interesting.
Demerits:
¨ It is slower than previous generation language as it should be completely translated into binary code which is a tedious task.
¨ Highly advanced and expensive electronic devices are required to run programs developed in 5GL. Therefore, it is an expensive approach
Some other important types as follows:
1]Functional Programming Language
Functional programming language typically uses stored data, frequently avoiding loops in favor of recursive functions.The functional programming’s primary focus is on the return values of functions, and side effects and different suggests that storing state are powerfully discouraged.
For example, in an exceedingly pure useful language, if a function is termed, it’s expected that the function not modify or perform any o/p. It may, however, build algorithmic calls and alter the parameters of these calls. Functional languages are usually easier and build it easier to
figure on abstract issues, however, they’ll even be “further from the machine” therein their programming model makes it difficult to know precisely, but the code is decoded into machine language (which are often problematic for system programming).

2]Object-oriented Programming Language
This programming language views the world as a group of objects that have internal data and external accessing parts of that data. The aim this programming language is to think about the fault by separating it into a collection of objects that offer services which can be used to solve a specific problem. One of the main principle of object oriented programming language is encapsulation that everything an object will need must be inside of the object. This language also emphasizes reusability through inheritance and the capacity to spread current implementations without having to change a great deal of code by using polymorphism.

3]Scripting Programming Language
These programming languages are often procedural and may comprise object-oriented language elements, but they fall into their own category as they are normally not full-fledged programming languages with support for development of large systems. For example, they may not have compile-time type checking. Usually, these languages require tiny syntax to get started.

4]Logic Programming Language
These types of languages let programmers make declarative statements and then allow the machine to reason about the consequences of those statements. In a sense, this language doesn’t tell the computer how to do something, but employing restrictions on what it must consider doing.
To call these groups ” types of language ” is really a bit confusing. It’s easy to program in an object-oriented style in C language. In truth, most of the languages include ideas and features from various domains, which only helps to increase the usefulness of these types of languages.
Nevertheless, most of the programming languages do not best in all styles of programming.
Even if you didn’t got the all meaning of all terms mentioned above, don’t werry…. If you will learn programming language slowly you will get all the terms.

THEIR USES:
1]Python:
a] Program the back end of websites like you tube ,Instagram ,
pinterest, and quora,etc.
b] Machine learning
c ] Artificial intelligence
d] API
2] c# language:
a] Building windows desktop applications and games
b] Web applications and mobile application too
3 ]Java:
a] Big data
b] Android applications
c] Used to create software’s
d] Server apps
e] Used in embedded programming
f] Used in web for creating applets.

4]JavaScript and css (cascading style sheets):
a] css describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen ,paper ,or in other media. CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at one.
b]HTML provides the basic structure of sites which is
enhanced and modified by other technology like CSS and
JavaScript.
c] Javascript is used to control the behavior of different
elements.
It is most commonly used as a client side scripting language.
5] PHP (personal home page):
a] Used to create web pages written in HTML.
b] Widely used to create dynamic web content.
c] Images used on websites.
6] Swift (developed by apple.Inc):
a] IOS or mac OS apps development
7] c++:
a]operating system
b]games
c]embedded softwares
d]autonomous car
e]medical technology
f]companies like facebook and google use c++

8]C language:
a]Used in all operating system in computer and cellphone
b]Used in robotics
9]Ruby:
a]Used in web apps.
10]SQL (structured query language):
a]To operate database
b]It includes storing ,manipulating, and retrieving data stored
in a relational database.
c]SQL keeps data precise and secure and it also helps in
maintaining the integrity of databases, irrespective of its size.
d]It is used today across web frameworks and database
application.

Lets start !!!!!
So what exactly is data science ?
Data science is a multidisciplinary blend of data inference, algorithm
development, and technology in order to solve analytically complex
problems.

What is The history behind this ?
In 2001,William S. Cleveland wanted to bring Data Mining to another
level so he did that by combining computer science and data mining
basically he made statistics a lot more technical which he believed to
expand the possibilities of data mining and produce a powerful force for
innovation, now you can take advantage to compute power of statistics
and he called this combo as data science.
What does a data scientist do?
Job of data scientist is to solve real complicated problems of company
using data.
Why there is so much demand for data scientist these days ?
The short answer is that over the last decade there’s been a massive
explosion in both the data generated and retained by companies, as well
as you and me. Sometimes we call this “big data,” and like a pile of
lumber we’d like to build something with it. Data scientists are the
people who make sense out of all this data and figure out just what can
be done with it.

Understanding the concepts of stock market.

First lesson

                What is value investing?

We‘re going to have three main objectives as follows:

• Difference between value trading and value investing
• The difference between asset and liability
• Who created value insvesting

Well to understand this concept let’s assume  the trade life of Mr.wilson.

                Mr. Wilson started with a home business of selling toffees, then he added upon with bigger candies then the cookies, cup cakes, cakes and so on…

He got it that each item started giving up more value clear up to a big buzzy shop that he owned with time.

Now this is a big question was Mr. Wilson was conducting value trading or value investing?

Let’s reveal! He was actually making it up with value trading. There is a pretty much difference between value trading and value investing.

Value investing is a type of tactic where stocks are selected which appears to trade for less than their intrinsic or trade values. Investors who use this strategy thing that the market overreacts to the good and bad news , resulting in stock price movements which do not corresponds to the company’s fundamentals.

Now to understand this you must be able to individualize between assets and liabilities.

 In above examples the car and the bungalow lie under liabilities where as the microwave and the apartmental building lies under the assets, longing for the explanation here it is.

Asset is something that helps gaining you profit after a initial investment where as liabilities are the one who even after investments there are no return’s through it we still have to invest money to keep ourselves up with those. As here the car and the bungalow needs timely servicing, petrol/diesel investment whereas the apartment can be given on rent and create extra income, the oven can be used for baking and selling those items and generating an income. This difference between asset and liabilities if we got to get lead over this concept it proves a great deal while investing.

Who started this value investing?  many of them assuming it with one of the great investors Warren Buffet get it on wrong track but even he learned it from BENJAMIN GRAHAM(professor at the Colombia business school) through his two very famous books ‘the intelligent’ investor and ‘security analysis’.

 Learn how to succeed early and make the most of the first hour of your day with The 5 AM Club summary.

 Learn how to succeed early and make the most of the first hour of your day with The 5 AM Club summuthor, Robin Sharma introduced The 5 am Club concept over twenty years ago. Sharma’s 5 am club is based on a revolutionary morning routine that has helped his clients maximize their productivity and activate their best health.

  The three key lessons from The 5 AM Club are:

1. The solitude of 5 am will help your brain work at it’s best
2. To fully utilize 5 am, you need to sleep
3. Use the 20/20/20 formula to get the most out of your morning.

Lesson One: The solitude of 5 am will help your brain work at it’s best

Think of your cognitive capacity like a phone battery. You start at 100% and slowly throughout the day, your battery runs out before charging it again overnight.

Waking up at 5 am ensures that you spend time on one high-level activity without distraction. In a world of constant distraction, this is so important.

Also, at a peaceful 5 am start, the part of your brain which tackles rational thought, the pre-frontal cortex is inactive. This means that you stop over-analyzing everything and you stop worrying.

This combined with the dopamine hit of sunrise ensures that you automatically enter a state of flow, where your brain is working at it’s best.

This state of flow means that you will be more focused and more productive throughout the day, not just in the morning.

Lesson two: To fully utilize 5 am, you need to sleep

I know what you’re thinking…. yes, 5 am is fucking early.

So, in order to make sure you’re a functioning human at 5 am, you need rest.

In fact, the curse of the side-hustler and entrepreneur is that you try to hustle your way though life, and sleep becomes less of a priority.

But to work effectively, you need to understand that growth doesn’t just happen through the work phase, it also happens through the recovery phase.

Talk to any farmer, or even any bodybuilder.

Their growth doesn’t happen in the hours they’re working, the development also happens during recovery.

The same is true for any high performer. You cannot work at the same efficiency 24 hours a day. In fact, you probably become busier but less effective.

So, you need to make sure that you are fully rested so you can make the most of the hours that you are working.

To ensure you are rested, stop using devices at 8 pm. Yes, 8 pm.

The blue light that comes from screens is a key contributor to disrupting sleep. Instead, read, talk to loved ones, meditate, exercise… whatever you need to do.

From there, look to go to bed at no later than 10 pm, so you can be ready to produce at 5 am the next day.

Lesson three: Use the 20/20/20 formula to get the most out of your morning

So even if you do wake up early, what is to say you don’t waste most of it scrolling though social media and checking emails?

The best way to combat wasting your extra hour, is to use the 20/20/20 formula.

That means for your hour, you should look to move for 20 minutes, reflect for 20 minutes, and grow for 20 minutes.

Look to exercise for 20 minutes as it helps your mind think more clearly; Sweat gets rid of cortisol, which is the hormone of fear. Sweat also produces protein BDNF, which repairs brain cells and quickens the formation of neural connection. So, sweat literally makes you think better!

From there, look to reflect. This can be in form of a journal and a mediation session. Using the quiet time to be alone with your thoughts grounds you for the day.

Finally, look to grow and learn something. This could be reading a book, watching a documentary, listening to a podcast, or any other activity which helps you learn.

The proper response to life is applause.’ ~William Carlos Williams

The Gradual Method

The best method for changing the time you wake up is to do it gradually — 10-15 minutes earlier for 2-4 days, until you feel used to it, and then repeat. If you get up at 8 a.m. normally, don’t suddenly change it to 6 a.m. Try 7:45 a.m. first.

3 Steps to Actually Get Up

So you’ve set your alarm for 10-15 minutes earlier than normal, and maybe got through the first few days, then set it another 10-15 minutes earlier, and soon you’re at 30-45 minutes earlier than usual … but now you have the tendency to hit the snooze alarm and stay in bed (sometimes awake) without getting up.

Here’s how to beat that in 3 steps:

1. Get excited. The night before, think of one thing you’d like to do in the morning that excites you. It could be something you want to write, or a new yoga routine, or meditation, or something you’d like to read, or a work project that’s got you fired up. In the morning, when you wake up, remember that exciting thing, and that will help motivate you to get up.
2. Jump out of bed. Yes, jump out of bed. With enthusiasm. Jump up and spread your arms wide as if to say, “Yes! I am alive! Ready to tackle the day with open arms and the gusto of a driven maniac.” Seriously, it works.
3. Put your alarm across the room. If it’s right next to you, you’ll hit the snooze button. So put it on the other side of the room, so you’ll have to get up (or jump up) to turn it off. Then, get into the habit of going straight to the bathroom to pee once you’ve turned it off. Once you’re done peeing, you’re much less likely to go back to bed. At this point, remember your exciting thing. If you didn’t jump out of bed, at least stretch your arms wide and greet the day.

What to Do When You Get Up

First, things not to do with your newfound early-morning time: don’t check email, news, social media, blogs. Don’t waste this new time doing the same thing you always do.

Here are some other things that are better, in my experience:

1. Drink a glass of water. You’re dehydrated from not drinking any water all night. Drink a full glass of water if you can. It’ll make you feel more awake.
2. Meditate. Even just for 3 minutes. It’s such a great way to start your day — doing nothing, just sitting, and practicing mindful focus.
3. Write. Or do some other kind of creating.
4. Exercise. Go for a walk or a run, or do a home workout. Even just 10 minutes.
5. Enjoy a cup of coffee or tea. Either one of these makes the morning better.

Most heard but often less analysed by us is this profession. It is often called the mouthpiece of democracy, free and fair analysis of government, people’s voice many other things.

Journalism is the idea of showing a transparent World to the people. It has provided the world withfast and accurate information. It has saved Many lives, days and disasters from happening.

But is it all a positive outcome of journalism? It has fines for some works that the public does not approve of. We all know the infamous Daina story. Not only her but many celebrities have faced such issues. Many politicians have misused journalism. Much misinformation has spread at the centre of transparency. Journalism has always been a trusted source of information to the general public. Even in times of social media, the power of media is not diluted. It has given birth to something called ‘Free journalism’.

Many young people come out speaking of politics and society without affiliating with any media house or group of people. Some famous free journalism platforms are – YouTube, social media and OhMynews. One reason for this new culture is the disbelief and mistrust in the traditional media. Many news nowadays can be riged or just boomed to unrealistically. With many media houses there is a rush of news. News that are exaggerated and unnecessary gags which dilutes the value.

Recent years have made public more and more aware of such gags and beliefs for profiteering breaking there purpose. It’s becoming a mess where they only look for money and publicity and popularity. Some still there is some principal sticking journalist and media houses.