Loving means to let go

About 3 months back, our cat gave birth to 4 adorable little munchkins. Especially, one of the 4, with a coffee brown colored fur, as soft as a cloud, big blue eyes and an adorable pink colored nose. It had caught my eyes and I was adamant on keeping him. But alas! We already had a dog and a male cat, both of whom were clearly not appreciating the recent addition to their family and so my mother decided that all of the kittens had to go. It had all happened about 1 month back.

And so the search began- the search for perfect loving safe house for the cats. And we found one. But the cats were 4. And so my mother let the adoptee decide who very happily picked my little kitty. But, I was adamant on not letting go. If I couldn’t keep him for myself, I will at least keep him with me for as long as possible, I decided. And so, I didn’t let him go at the first chance he got nor at second and third. Now, we aren’t meeting any more people who are willing to adopt a pet kitten and so he is still with us. All this had me thinking that a lot of times we do not let go the ones that we love

Solutions emerge if the situation isn’t forced

Today, I was at leisure and ended up sitting in front of the Television. There, I suddenly came across the movie titled “M. S. Dhoni”. I know, I know, it is a very old movie but I don’t watch a lot of movies and I missed it. So, don’t judge me and bear with me for the rest of my article so that I can share with you what I concluded from the movie.

Hard work, smart work, dedication, determination, persistence, perseverance, faith, self discipline, hope- It all is definitely required to achieve success, I agree, but what is the most important of it all is passion for the commitment. You might want something in life, well who doesn’t? But wanting something is soo soo different from working for ‘it’ and working for ‘it’ is soo far away from wanting ‘it’ for you might not work for something you truly want, for God knows whatever reasons or even you know, and vice versa. And even when you do both, it is different from wanting just ‘it’. When you are at this stage when you want just ‘it’ in your life, when the ‘it’ doesn’t let you be, it is when your whole being works for ‘it’.

Have you ever tried faking been sick? Come on, we all did that when we were kids. They teach it at home. If you cry, you get candy. It’s just a better version, You cry, just lie and then school bye bye. So, do you remember how hard we worked to fake being sick. We had a solution to every possible obstacle between us and that god-damn sick leave. And what’s the highlight is, no one wanted us to be at home. It was just us. And so we had every stone turned and every possibility thought-out. Just think, if all of our activities had the same passion, what could have happened? How difficult do you think it is for you to develop a passion towards any activity? Well, this isn’t something I am answering for you. You got to do this yourselves. But a hint, “IT AIN’T IMPOSSIBLE. DIFFICULT, CERTAINLY, BUT NOT IMPOSSIBLE”. Why difficult? you ask. Well, your heart there won’t love everything you’re doing at all times, but, it needs to be done, right?

That being said, it isn’t possible ffor verything you do. Mot everythig is meant for you. but everythinng is posssible

NO ONE IS BORN TO DO ANYTHING. IT IS WWHAAT YOU WANT TO DO. what you choose to ddo that becomes your ddestiny

If you think I was bron to be a singger, you might =be wrong but that never means i caan’r be one.

When your mind and soul aligns to claim that one destiny that awaits just you, it doesn’t let anything come in your way. You can, now, proudly shout out to the whole world- “Give me your best and I shall give you mine.” This is the first

Obstacles sbke rste mei ate haai. Make wining better.

Natural Calamities

Glaciers retreaaring
Polar caps melting
Pemafrost experienceing a thaw
Unnaturally high temperaaturesin places like siberia
Forest fires
requent andd more intenses el-nino and cyclones, tornadoes and sea- storms
Loss of biodiversity inpolar areas due to melting of ice caps and
floods

Australi and amzon rainforests

Air around us

We all know that we are surrounded by air, we feel it in the form of wind. But have you ever thought why it gets cold as we go up? Or how is it that our earth never heats up even when the sun supplies it with so much energy? Or how is the temperature at night maintained even when there is no sun? Or how is fog formed? And why is it formed mostly in winters (or in areas having low temperature)?

Today, we will look at the answers of these questions and some more as well.

Photo by Alexandr Podvalny on Pexels.com

Troposphere-

The bottom-most – Troposphere

The troposphere is the bottom-most layer of the Earth’s atmosphere (contains 75% of the total mass of the planetary atmosphere, 99% of the total mass of water vapor and aerosols, source-Wikipedia). It is the densest layer of the atmosphere (owing to the highest gravitational force experienced in this layer). Most types of clouds are found here. All the weather and climate activity take place in this layer. The troposphere has the highest amount of water vapor and the temperature decreases as we go up.

The troposphere extends 10 km up above the sea level. The height of the top of the troposphere varies with latitudes, lowest at the poles and highest at the equator: the poles have low temperature and the equator has high temperature (low density) and by season, lower in winter and higher in summer, again a function of density. It is approximately 20 km near the equator, and about 7 km over the poles in winter. Air is warmest at the bottom of the troposphere near ground level, because of terrestrial radiation of earth. Air gets colder as one rises through the troposphere, as the molecule density decreases and inter-molecular space increases and so less radiation is absorbed. That’s why the peaks of mountains are many-a-times snow covered throughout the year. Air pressure and the density of the air also decrease with altitude, all a function of the number of molecules.

The layer immediately above the troposphere is called the stratosphere separated from the troposphere by tropopause. The tropopause is the area between the two atmospheric layers where the temperature is constant.

The sun emits short wavelength radiations that are absorbed by the earth’s surface (note, surface not atmosphere). The earth’s surface later emits long wavelength radiations that are absorbed by the molecules of air (the Green house gases) which is responsible for maintaining the earth’s temperature. The oceanic currents and the wind movements, due to change in pressures is what is responsible for distributing the earth’s heat so that heat is distributed and no region experiences any extreme. The radiations absorbed by the gas molecules are reflected back towards the earth as well as towards the space. This heat, thus, absorbed by the earth goes back to the atmosphere. The terrestrial radiation is what maintains the earth’s temperature when there is no sun.

Now, can you guess the formation of fog. It is formed in areas where cold and warm air or ocean currents meet. It is the condensation of water molecules, around nuclei (molecules to act as bases) near to the earth’s surface. Now you can guess why it happens in winters. The temperature difference increases making condensation easier. The phenomenon, where the temperature of earth increases with height is known as temperature inversion, like what happens when terrestrial radiation heats air upwards or when hot air rises due to convection. It is the condition of instability.

T.V., mobiles , computers and the Suffering childhood

Photo by Jean van der Meulen on Pexels.com

Ever since the onset of the pandemic and the beginning of online classes, mobiles and computers have played a significant role in education and mobile, televisions and laptops are the source of entertainment to kids and relaxation to the parents. Since the advent and accessibility of technology to children, its ability to entice the mind of children has grown exponentially. Programs and advertisements meant specifically for kids , it increases the overall effect technology has on the mind of children.

Though the technology today is important for education, its negative effects on the minds and body of children plays a significant role. It affects the cognitive development of child’s mental faculties, and lowers their concentration level ,with them switching to various modes of entertainment in between their studies. t also , very severely might I add, degrades health and physicality of a growing child, caused due to increased exposure to radiations and lack of physical activities. Children are exposed to sensitive and violent content that later reflects in their behaviors. Children really are growing far quickly than their ages. All these reasons being mentioned, children are leading themselves to paths of self destruction. Online people are exposed to certain degrees of online harassments (eg.- phishing). Adults can protect themselves, having gained knowledge and awareness, but what about kids? We all agree as to how the presence of any digital device in close vicinity is more than enough to keep us up for hours. Grown up and all , this is our level of self restraint. So let us think about kids. Unsupervised, what restraint will those kids show?

The children have, due to years of access, grown a certain fondness over their gadgets as well as over those lethargic activities they call games . As a result, younger children are having issues with face-to-face social interactions. Many of them (well, even us adults sometimes) seem to prefer to text or talk on social media as opposed to talking to each other in-person. Even when children spend time together, they may spend more time texting or on their phones than actually being together, engaging in group activities and games. Well, group activities now refer to chat rooms and online games.

Though, we can’t disagree, the important role technology has in the overall development of a child’s personality. Access to world class education, unlimited resources and that too without any geographic or economic barrier (well, not not any but definitely reduced barriers). But it is important that it is carefully regulated, especially for the children in the teen or pre-teen age group.

Gen Alpha

The successors of Gen Z (1997-2012), the youngest adults currently, the gen Alpha were welcomed to the earth about a decade ago. The gen Alpha (or the gen A) comprises of all the people born after 2012 to maybe, around 2025. These people are the future of the world and though currently, all those reading this article might belong to Gen Z or Gen Y, (or millennials as you all like to call yourselves), knowing about our successors won’t hurt.

Let us first begin with why are the generations named after alphabets.

It all started post World War-2. Americans at that time enjoyed a new found prosperity which resulted in a lot of children being born. The children in this era came to be known as ‘baby boomers’. Well, the name here is self explanatory though, so no issue. The children born after this era, didn’t have any special cultural identifier that made them different. And so here, the name ‘Gen X’ originated, illustrating the diminishes characteristics that would later be known. The generations next was by default known as ‘Gen-y’, though they later adopted a new name- ‘the Millennials’, when the impending turn of the millennium began to feature heavily in the cultural consciousness.

It is now assumed, though, that both the ‘gen-Z’ and the ‘gen-A’, will later adopt a new name that suits their interests. Some potential names for ‘gen-z’ include Gen Tech, post-Millennials, iGeneration, Gen Y-Fi, and Zoomers.

Gen-A is the first generation to be born completely in the 21st century and most off them are the children of millennials. Generation Alpha is expected to reach two billion by 2025. Many members of Generation Alpha have and will grow up using smartphones and tablets as part of their childhood entertainment as well as education with many being exposed to devices as a soothing distraction or educational aids, especially now with the global pandemic. Generation Alpha have also been surrounded by adult Internet use from the beginning of their lives, much more even when compared to gen-x (whose parents are primarily gen-x). Their parents, primarily Millennials, are heavy social media users and rely heavily on gadgets for work and even entertainment (Alexaaa!). Broadcast television viewing among children has declined during the early lives of Generation Alpha. Statistics from the United States suggested that viewing of children’s cable networks among American 2- to 11-year-olds were falling sharply in early 2020 and continued to do so even after them being at home due to pandemic(source: Wikipedia). After some time, we might not even see cartoon channels in the wake of the children belonging entirely to Gen-Alpha or Gen-Beta .

The first wave of Generation Alpha will venture into adulthoods in 2030s. By that time, the human population is estimated to be just under nine billion, and the world will have the highest ever proportion of people aged over 60. Gen Alpha has a huge burden waiting for them.

Something about India

India is in her 75th year of independence and about to enter the 76th year. India- the 7th largest country by size, the 2nd most populous country and the world’s largest democracy. Celebrating our 75th Independence day, let us have a brief look on some interesting facts about India.

India has, in the last 100000 years, not once invaded any country. She truly imbibes the spirit of ‘ Vasudhav Kutumbakam’ (‘The whole world is a family’).
Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus – prominent fields of study in mathematics finding their uses even in physics and all related fields, originated in India.
The Baily Bridge- the highest bridge in the world, located in the Ladakh valley between the Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayan mountains, was built by the the Indian Army in August 1982.
Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, followed by 25 percent of the world’s population, find their roots of origin in India.
Jews and Christians have lived in India since 200 B.C. and 52 A.D. respectively. “Unity in diversity” forms the very foundation of India.
The value of “pi” was first calculated by the Indian Mathematician Budhayana. He gave the concept of the Pythagorean Theorem in the 6th century, long before the European mathematicians.
Quadratic Equations were used by Sridharacharya( 11th century). The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 10*53 (i.e. 10 to the power of 53) (as early as 5000 BC- Vedic period)
Ayurveda is the oldest school of medicine known to the whole world (founded by the father of medicine, Charaka, 2500 years ago.) , chess originated in India about 1500 years ago and yoga about 5,000 years ago.
Bhaskaracharya had calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the Sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. (predicting it to be around 365.258756484 days.)
India has the third highest number of billionaires (140 billionaires), after USA and China.
India has the oldest cuisine in human history and the Indian tea dates back to 750 BCE.
Shampooing is an Indian concept. (earlier herbs were used as shampoo)

Source: https://knowindia.gov.in/my-india-my-pride/interesting-facts-about-india.php

The Rock cycle

Look at all the rocks around you. They are a very important part of your existence, they form soils, are used in construction, for manufacturing substances, making medicines, cosmetics and soo much more. So you kinda get an idea, right?

Come, let us all today see the various kinds of rocks surrounding us and how they are formed.

There are 3 kinds of rocks-

Igneous rocks- These are the most primary form of rocks and are formed when the molten lava cools and solidifies. They can be formed both inside the earth as well as the earth’s surface. When formed inside the surface of earth, they are known as intrusive igneous rocks (having a course structure with large mineral gains indicating they spent a large amount of time inside the earth’s crust) . Examples are granite and diorite. And when igneous rocks are formed on the earths crust they are known as extrusive igneous rocks. They have relatively small grains and very fine structure. Examples are rocks like basalt and obsidian.
Sedimentary rocks- These rocks are formed from pieces of existing igneous or metamorphic rocks or biological material that undergo weathering and erosion and get deposited in the form of strata or layers. These are further sub-divided into three types- clastic, organic, and chemical . Clastic(eg.- sandstone) and organic rocks(eg.- coal) are formed due to weathering of rock into small fragments which are later transported to new places, or the biological materials like plants, shells, and bones that are compressed into rock. Chemical sedimentary rocks(eg- limestone) are the result of chemical precipitation. A chemical precipitate forms when the solution (usually water) evaporates and leaves the compound behind.
Metamorphic rocks- When either the igneous or the sedimentary rocks are subjected to immense heat or pressure, metamorphic rocks are formed. They are of two types- foliated and non-foliated. When the minerals line up in layers, they form foliated rock. (eg.- gneiss- made from granite). Non- foliated rocks follow the same procedure but they do not have the layered appearance of foliated rocks. Sedimentary rocks ( bituminous coal, for example) when provided enough heat and pressure, can turn into non-foliated metamorphic rocks (anthracite coal).

ROCK CYCLE

All the three types of rocks are inter-changeable into one another.

The igneous rock can be subjected to intense heat and pressure and form metamorphic rock or be weathered and eroded to give rise to sedimentary rocks or it can even be subducted and melt to give way to magma and again form igneous rock .
The sedimentary rocks can either be subjected to extreme conditions of temperature or pressure to form metamorphic rocks or subduct to form magma or even weather and erode to again from sedimentary rock.
The metamorphic rocks can either erode to give rise to sedimentary rocks or subduct to form magma that can later form igneous rocks.

This is how the rock cycle in our surroundings work. Rocks are continuously weathered and eroded and subducted and exposed to high heat and pressure. Some of the forces that drive the rock cycle are-

Plate tectonic
Spreading ridges
Subduction zone
Continental collision
Accelerated erosion

This is all in the article about rock process.

Clouds

All of us have looked at the clouds. Many of them appear white, sometimes fluffy, sometimes as thin as a wisp, sometimes black. Based on the color of clouds, we predict the weather for the day. But have you ever looked at all the clouds and wondered just how many different types of clouds we encounter everyday and we just categorize them as black and white.

So, today let us look at the categorization of various kinds of clouds that exist and see what they predict about our day.

Clouds are at the basic level subdivided into 3 categories-

High clouds- They occur between 20,000-40,000 feet above the sea level. They mainly occur in a feathery form. (very high above the ground. Air has less molecules of water vapor as well as possible nuclei for cloud formation. Air molecules are scattered ). These clouds do not bring rainfall.
Medium clouds- They occur in the range of 10,000-20,000 feet above the sea level. They occur as clusters of clouds and can bring rainfall and snow.
Low clouds- Occur in the range of 6,500-10,000 feet. These clouds mainly block sunlight ans can cause light drizzle/mist. Ever seen clouds appear beneath you from a mountain top?

The high clouds have 3 kinds of cloud varieties-

Cirrus- Thin, wispy, fibrous clouds that appear in bright blue sky are cirrus. They barely dim the sunlight though. They are made of tiny ice crystals that scatter the sunlight , thereby making the clouds appear orange or yellow, making for a beautiful sunrise or sunset.

Photo by Karolina Grabowska on Pexels.com

2. Cirrocumulus- Very high cumulus clouds that appear as white globular masses forming ripples.

Photo by Vinu00edcius Vieira ft on Pexels.com

3. Cirrostratus- A stratus cloud (horizontal layering with uniform base), it occurs in the from of a thin white sheet or veil and provides the sky a milky texture, making the sun/moon shine with a characteristic ‘halo’.

The ‘mid-level clouds have 3 varieties-

Altocumulus- These are the wooly bumpy clouds that occur in layers. They look like waves in blue sky. Can cover the sky occasionally.

2. Altostratus- These are denser grayish clouds and have a watery look.

3. Nimbostratus- ‘Nimbo’ means precipitating. These clouds are associated either with rain or snow and are dark-dull layered clouds.

The low level clouds have 3 sub-types-

Stratus- These are very low clouds. Uniformly grey, thick clouds, they cause light drizzle an dull weather. They also reduce aircraft visibility and are the cause of highland fog.

2. Cumulus-These are vertical clouds with rounded top and horizontal base and occur in humid tropical regions. Formed due to up-rising conventional currents. It ight appear grey against the sun but it is a fair weather cloud.

3. Stratocumulus- These are rough, bumpy clouds and have waves more pronounced than Altocumulus cloud.

There is one another type of cloud associated with cyclonic conditions, lightening and thunderstorm, known as cumulonimbus cloud. These are overgrown cumulus clouds that are formed between 2,000-30,000 feet high. Formed in tropical afternoons, these are black in color and usually seen in equators and in sub-tropical regions(during summers).

This is all about clouds. The next time you are on your rooftop, you have something to keep you busy and you can’t disagree, looking at clouds is interesting.

Knowing the Indian Ocean

After the Pacific and the Atlantic, let’s move onto the Indian ocean

Photo by Asad Photo Maldives on Pexels.com

Hope you remember the acronym- PAISA

Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Southern
Antarctic

These oceans are arranged in the decreasing order of their sizes.

The third largest ocean based upon its size, it is the only ocean in the whole world to be named after a country. It covers 27,240,000 sq ml or 19.8 percent of the world’s water on the Earth’s surface. Bounded by Asia to the north, southern ocean to the south, Africa to the west and the Indonesian islands (the strait of Malacca) and Australia to the east, it also hass many marginal seas and islands.

Marginal Seas:

Bay of Bengal
Arabian sea
Laccadive sea
Java sea
Andaman Sea
Timor Sea
Red sea
Persian Gulf
Gulf of Aden
Gulf of Oman
Gulf of Suez
Molucca sea
Gulf of Khambhat

Major islands

Andaman and Nicobar
Lakshadweep
Maldives
Madagascar
Reunion
Seychelles
Mauritius
Comoros
Indonesia

Enclosed by land on three sides, it is centered along the Indian peninsula and doesn’t extend from pole to pole. It has roughly 800 drainage basin of which 50% are located in Asia, 30 % in Africa and 20% in Australia. It is considered to have subtropical climate. The northern half of the Indian ocean experience monsoon winds that lead to reversal in direction of winds (caused by the movement of ITCZ that in summers reaches above the Tibetan plateau, due to the apparent movement of sun) during summers and winters. This brings the monsoon winds to India during the rainy season(80% of the Monsoon rains dependent on them).

40 % of the total sediments found in this ocean are the results of deposition of the Ganga and Indus fans, the largest submarine fans of the world. The western Indian ocean has the largest phytoplankton blooms in summer due to the monsoon winds (they lead to the ocean water upwelling, building nutrient rich cold water to the surface of the ocean). These phytoplankton later support a complete ecosystem, acting as the primary food producers in the chain, in the ocean leading to high concentration of fish and other marine organisms. Thus, harm to the growth of these phytoplankton (continuously on the rise due to global warming, dumping of acidic and industrial waste water and algae bloom) can further destroy the fragile marine ecosystem.

There are 10 large marine ecosystems in the Indian Ocean-

Agulhas current
Somali coastal current
Red sea current
Persian gulf current
Arabian sea
Bay of Bengal
Gulf of Thailand
West central Australian shelf
Northwest Australian shelf
Southwest Australian shelf

Coastal reefs, sea grass bed and Mangrove forest: The most productive and important ecosystems. This ocean has 36 biodiversity hotspots and is an actively spreading and expanding ocean(having only two trenches- The Java and Sunda trench and the Makaran trench). It also has an active volcanic hotspot- The Reunion hotspot(currently below the reunion islands). Salinity follows the trends similar to the Atlantic ocean(though it doesn’t extend towards the poles.)

This is all about the Indian ocean. See you tomorrow with the Southern ocean.

Knowing the Atlantic

Continuing from the last article on Pacific, let’s move on to the next ocean- the Atlantic.

Hope you remember the acronym- PAISA

Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Southern
Antarctic

These oceans are arranged in the decreasing order of their sizes.

The Atlantic is the second largest ocean in the whole world with an area of about 106,460,000 km²(source: Wikipedia). It lies between the Americas in the west and Europe and Africa in the east. The equatorial counter current divides the ocean into two equal parts latitudinally and the Mid Atlantic Ridge divides the ocean into two parts longitudinally(It is how the Mid Oceanic Ridge gets its name). The ocean has very few trenches and it is why the ocean is expanding(at a rate of 2-5 cm/year). Continental shelves are found in the areas of Newfoundland, southernmost South America, and north-eastern Europe. Though continental shelves are, in themselves, wonderful fishing grounds and petroleum and gas reserves, the coast off Newfoundland and Bahia Blanca(off the coast of Southern America- Brazil) are meeting points of warm and cold currents. It makes them even better fishing grounds as the amount of Phytoplankton increases in the ocean. It also leads to the formation of fog in the area that makes navigation difficult.

The Atlantic ocean is the saltiest major ocean with a salinity of 33-37 parts per million. Maximum salinity occurs in the subtropical regions. Though the heavy rainfall makes the salinity of the region around the equator lowest, in general salinity decreases as one moves to the poles. The poles also experience higher salinity though, because of the fresh water being occupied in the form of glaciers, decreasing the overall amount of fresh water. The Northern Atlantic clockwise ocean circle and the counter-clockwise South Atlantic ocean circle are the two gyres in the ocean. The flow of ocean currents in the northern hemisphere form Sargasso sea(the world’s only sea without any continental coast). The sea is surrounded by Gulf Stream, North Atlantic drift (and by extension the Canaries Current) and North Equatorial currents. Earthquakes and a few active volcanoes are found along the Mid Atlantic Ridge. The temperature decreases as we move towards the poles (generally) but is influenced by warm ocean currents in some places. Eg. The Norwegian sea ports are functional throughout the whole year as the ocean doesn’t freeze (the warm ocean current – The North Atlantic drift).

This is all about the Atlantic Ocean. I have included all that I label off as important for our general knowledge. But do let me know in the comments if I missed something. Next in the series, as you can all guess, is our Indian ocean-the only ocean to be named after a country.

Global warming- The ever increasing threat

Global warming yet again comes to news as it has been for the past soo many years and there’s gonna be nothing we are going to do about it once again. Even then, as a moral duty, I feel this compelling desire to inform all of my fellow malefactors of the supplementary and thoroughly under-appreciated results of our activities.

Let’s bestow upon them our much needed, though short term, attention. Today, I read on the newspaper about how the Ladakh glaciers are retreating due to global warming and decreased winter precipitation and that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)- a prominent warm ocean current belt particularly important for Europe and by extension, the whole earth has weakened over the centuries and reached a tipping point.

Lets start with the issue of the Ladakh Glacier. “The Pensilungpa Glacier located in Ladakh’s Zanskar Valley is retreating due to an increase in temperature and a decrease in precipitation during winters”, a recent study conducted by a team of scientists from the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology(Dehradun) revealed. Now with the increasing temperatures and retreating glaciers, it might be very well possible for the current snowfall in those areas to be replaced with rainfall: the snowfall that is responsible for balancing temperature of the lower altitude zones. It is now very much a possibility that the summer and winter patterns of surrounding regions are very much likely to be changed. We might very well be having winter rains real soon people, and floods.

And now, lets move towards the AMOC- The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation-a result of difference in the water’s density(caused due to temperature and salinity difference). Well, that plus the combined effort of continental boundaries and Coriolis force(due to gravity). A large system of ocean currents, it is quite prominent in the Atlantic ocean. It is quite easily recognizable with the northward flow of warm, salty(salt dissolving capability increases with temperature. In colder regions, after being provided a sufficient time to cool off, these waters descend as denser and cold waters) water in the upper layers and a southward flow of colder, deep waters. Global warming is one of the main reasons of the slowing down of this current, contributing by causing the Arctic circle to warm, Greenland(a prominent ice sheet zone) to melt, rainfall to increase and the flow of fresh water to the Northern sea to intensify(It initially had high salinity due to no fresh water river drainage and less intermixing caused by ocean currents). Though, it is being said the rising temperature of the Indian ocean will keep the current going. The increased precipitation in the Indian ocean will draw winds from other parts of the world, lowering the amount of rainfall in the Atlantic ocean. It will increase the salinity of the AMOC current waters and increase the strength of the flow of current.

Seems like the global warming is creating a problem and further creating another one with the purpose of solving the first one and somehow completely increasing both the problems together. Wait, replace the global warming with humans. Quite amusing, how we managed to create a string of issues and now they are finding more and more beads to stitch, and we sit by and watch it all unfold. Well, not all of us, obviously. Most of us don’t even know of these unique products of our everyday activities. But, now that we are at it, we will let them know and invite, or rather force them all to join us in the midst of the unfolding of a future disaster, as we all sit by and do nothing.

I have started this chain, would be later adding more to it. You all share it. After all, the more the merrier. Right?

Knowing the Pacific

Pacific ocean is the largest ocean in the whole world, covering 32 % of the Earth’s total surface area and about 46% of the Earth’s water. It also has the largest number of coral species. It stretches to the Bering Sea in the north and the Southern ocean to the South, in the west are the continents of Australia and Asia and on the east the Americas. The world’s deepest point, The Challenger deep in the Mariana Trench (eastern boundary of the Filipine tectonic plate), reaching a depth of 35,850 feet is located in the Pacific ocean. It also has the southern hemisphere’s deepest point- The Horizon deep in the Tonga Trench at a depth of 35,509 feet. It also has many marginal seas-

South China sea
East China sea
Sea of Japan
Sea of Okhotsk
The Philippine sea
Coral sea
Solomon sea
Tasman sea
Yellow sea

The word Pacific means ‘Peaceful’ though the ocean is anything but peaceful. The Pacific ocean has the ‘Pacific Ring of fire’, the largest ring of active volcanoes and earthquake zone in the world. The Japanese Islands and The Philippines islands are a result of volcanic activity. The Pacific ocean has the largest number of islands (around 25,000) including the island groups of Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia (he largest- stretching from Hawaii to New Zealand) and the world’s largest archipalego- The Indonesian islands, an island groups of around 17,500 islands. It also has the Great Barrier Reef, the largest coral reef(2,300 km) along the eastern coast of Australia and The Coral Sea islands, atolls present to the west of the barrier reef. The temperature decreases longitudinally going towards the poles, though the temperate region has the highest temperature. There also exist latitudinal variations depending upon the oceanic currents. Salinity also varies latitudinally as well as longitudinally with temperature. High temperature zone have high salinity. Addition of fresh water lowers the salinity. The ocean currents also lead to intermixing of currents thereby lowering the salinity. The highest surface salinity occurs in the southeastern zone and the lowest salinity occurs in the extreme northern zone of the Pacific.

This is something about the largest and one of the most majestic oceans in the world.

Kindly note: Use the acronym PAISA to remember names of the 5 type of oceans:

Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Southern/Antarctic
Arctic

Something the kitten taught me

My brother is extremely extremely extremely (I don’t even know if it is grammatically correct or allowed, but you kinda get the picture now, I guess). We currently have 3 kittens and 3 fully grown up cats and a dog as well (well the dog was my doing). So, every day the kittens demand to be let free from their room of confinement and so we take them to the roof of the house (there are too many stray dogs and so the roads aren’t safe).

This one fine evening, when we had taken the kittens for a stroll in the rooftop, and they were playing(this is what they do whole day), one of them pushed the female kitten (only one of them is a female) off the roof. Ours is a two story house and the kitten was 2 months old. She fell on concrete floor and appeared pretty dead from the rooftop. My mother rushed down giving me strict instructions to take care of the remaining ones and I watched the other two like a hawk, should they try anything. Amidst all of this chaos, the mother cat was content with even one of her kittens with no knowledge of her third one what-so-ever. Later, I decided to gather the remaining 2 (+the mother) and head down. upon enquiry, I came to know the kitten was fine (bless her) and had suffered minor injuries(well her both hind legs had developed sort of a mild fracture). The bones weren’t fully developed and so they would easily heal. And heal she did. Within two days she was back on all fours having some difficulty climbing but doing her best to keep up with her siblings. Though what was interesting was the mother realizing her child was in distress and would probably stay weak developed some sort of special liking to her.( Even to this day, she is partial)

So, anyways, after a week of recovering from her fracture, the kitten was back in form, playing and jumping and meowing. Me and my family members thought that falling rom the roof nd all the kitten would probably be afraid of heights. But man did she prove us wrong. Keeping her away from the boundary became a task. Me and my mother would stay on two corners of the roof just to chase her away each time she came too near to the boundary for our liking. The other two kittens were afraid though and stayed away. The one who made the fall was later on capable of making it all the way down from the roof, this time without injuring her foot or any other body part and now this is the first thing she does every-time she is taken to the roof-top. It is now a task for their mother to have the other two kittens do the same. After all ,she is damn adamant on taking them out of the boundary.

So now every time I see the kitten, I think that just maybe surviving the fall she had somehow realized that it was the worst that could happen to her, should she fall, and that she was capable of making it out alive, just as she did the first time and so she tried each of the countless times we tried to contain her till the day she made it and all we could do was watch.

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

ROCK CYCLE

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this:

Rate this: