Benefits of Research Writing and Publication

 by Shashikant Nishant Sharma 

Research is the cornerstone of academic and scientific progress, and the dissemination of research findings through publication is a crucial step in advancing knowledge across various fields. Research publication serves as a conduit for sharing discoveries, insights, and innovations with the global community. Here are some key benefits of research publication:

1. Contribution to Knowledge:
Publishing research allows scholars to contribute new knowledge to their respective fields. It is through these publications that researchers share their findings, theories, and experimental results, enriching the collective understanding of a subject.

2. Academic Recognition:
Research publications are a testament to a researcher’s academic contributions. They are a valuable metric for assessing the impact and significance of a researcher’s work. Publication in reputable journals and conferences enhances academic recognition and credibility within the scholarly community.

3. Dissemination of Findings:
The primary purpose of research is to uncover new insights and solutions. Publication facilitates the widespread dissemination of these findings, ensuring that others in the field, as well as the broader public, have access to the latest advancements and discoveries.

4. Collaboration Opportunities:
Research publication serves as a bridge for collaboration among researchers, institutions, and industry professionals. When findings are accessible, it opens avenues for interdisciplinary collaboration, fostering a rich exchange of ideas and expertise.

5. Professional Development:
For researchers, publishing is an integral part of professional development. It not only contributes to the growth of the researcher’s body of work but also enhances skills in scientific writing, critical analysis, and effective communication of complex ideas.

6. Impact on Policy and Practice:
Research findings often have implications for policy-making and real-world applications. By publishing research, scholars can influence decision-makers, practitioners, and policymakers, contributing to evidence-based policies and practices.

7. Career Advancement:
Research publications play a vital role in career advancement within academia. They are often considered in promotion and tenure decisions. Additionally, a strong publication record can enhance opportunities for research grants, collaborations, and invitations to conferences.

8. Peer Review and Quality Assurance:
The peer-review process, an integral part of research publication, ensures the quality and validity of scholarly work. By subjecting research papers to rigorous evaluation by peers in the field, the publication process upholds standards and helps maintain the integrity of academic research.

9. Global Impact:
Published research has the potential for a global impact, reaching scholars, professionals, and students worldwide. It contributes to the international dialogue on critical issues and fosters a shared understanding that transcends geographical boundaries.

10. Documenting Progress and History:
Research publications serve as a historical record of scientific and academic progress. They document the evolution of ideas, methodologies, and technologies, providing future generations with a foundation upon which to build and innovate.

11. Intellectual Property Protection:
Research publications establish a researcher’s claim to their intellectual property. By publishing findings, researchers can protect their discoveries and innovations, establishing a record of ownership and priority.

In conclusion, research publication is a cornerstone of the academic and scientific landscape, offering a multitude of benefits that extend far beyond the individual researcher. It is a dynamic process that not only shapes the present understanding of various fields but also lays the groundwork for future breakthroughs and advancements. Embracing the publication of research is an essential and rewarding aspect of the scholarly journey.

References

Aitchison, C., & Lee, A. (2006). Research writing: Problems and pedagogies. Teaching in higher education11(3), 265-278.

Dehalwar, K., & Sharma, S. N. (2023). Fundamentals of Research Writing and Uses of Research Methodologies.

Gosden, H. (1992). Research writing and NNSs: From the editors. Journal of Second Language Writing1(2), 123-139.

MacArthur, C. A., Graham, S., & Fitzgerald, J. (Eds.). (2008). Handbook of writing research. Guilford Press.

Role of NGO in Social Transformation

 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a pivotal role in social transformation by addressing various issues and working towards positive change in communities. Their impact extends across a spectrum of areas, contributing significantly to societal development. Here are key roles that NGOs play in fostering social transformation:

  1. Community Empowerment:
    NGOs often work at the grassroots level, empowering communities by providing them with resources, knowledge, and skills. Through education, vocational training, and awareness campaigns, NGOs enable individuals to take charge of their lives and contribute to the overall development of their communities.

  2. Advocacy and Awareness:
    NGOs act as advocates for social issues, raising awareness about pressing concerns such as poverty, gender inequality, environmental issues, and human rights violations. By amplifying marginalized voices, NGOs work to influence policies and bring about positive change on a broader scale.

  3. Education and Skill Development:
    Many NGOs focus on education as a key driver of social transformation. They establish schools, organize workshops, and provide educational resources to underserved communities. Additionally, NGOs often emphasize skill development programs to enhance employability and economic independence.

  4. Healthcare Initiatives:
    NGOs play a crucial role in healthcare, especially in regions with limited access to medical facilities. They organize health camps, provide medical services, and conduct awareness programs on issues such as hygiene, sanitation, and preventive healthcare measures.

  5. Human Rights Protection:
    NGOs actively work towards protecting human rights and ensuring justice for marginalized or vulnerable groups. They may offer legal aid, advocate for policy changes, and raise awareness about human rights violations to bring about social justice.

  6. Environmental Conservation:
    Many NGOs are dedicated to environmental causes, working to address climate change, deforestation, pollution, and other ecological issues. By promoting sustainable practices and engaging in conservation efforts, NGOs contribute to a healthier and more sustainable future.

  7. Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment:
    NGOs champion gender equality by addressing issues such as gender-based violence, unequal access to education and healthcare, and economic disparities. Through awareness campaigns, training programs, and policy advocacy, NGOs strive to create a more equitable society.

  8. Poverty Alleviation:
    Poverty remains a pervasive challenge, and NGOs are actively involved in poverty alleviation programs. These initiatives may include microfinance projects, vocational training, and community development programs aimed at uplifting economically disadvantaged populations.

  9. Disaster Relief and Rehabilitation:
    NGOs play a crucial role in providing immediate relief and long-term rehabilitation in the aftermath of natural disasters or conflicts. Their rapid response teams often work on the ground, providing essential services, shelter, and support to affected communities.

  10. Crisis Intervention and Social Services:
    NGOs provide essential social services, including counseling, rehabilitation, and support for individuals facing crises such as domestic violence, substance abuse, or mental health challenges. They contribute to building resilient communities through their intervention programs.

In summary, NGOs serve as catalysts for social transformation by addressing multifaceted challenges and fostering sustainable development. Their diverse roles contribute to building inclusive, equitable, and thriving societies, making them indispensable agents of positive change.

Excel in Your Content Writing Internship at Track2Training: A Guide to Success

 Congratulations on securing a content writing internship at Track2Training! As you embark on this exciting journey, here are some key strategies to ensure that you make the most of this opportunity and leave a lasting impression:

1. Understand the Audience:
Before you start creating content, take the time to understand Track2Training’s target audience. Familiarize yourself with the organization’s mission, values, and the type of content they currently publish. Knowing the audience will help you tailor your writing style to engage and resonate with readers.

2. Research Thoroughly:
In the world of content writing, well-researched articles stand out. Dive deep into the topics you’re assigned and gather information from reputable sources. Ensure your content is accurate, up-to-date, and provides value to the readers.

3. Embrace the Tone and Style:
Every platform has its unique tone and style. Pay attention to the content published by Track2Training to understand the preferred writing style. Whether it’s informative, conversational, or professional, adapting to the established tone will help your content seamlessly integrate with the platform.

4. Communicate Effectively:
Clarity is key in content writing. Practice concise and effective communication. Make your sentences clear, avoid jargon when unnecessary, and ensure your message is easily comprehensible to a diverse audience.

5. Collaborate with the Team:
A successful content writer is not just an individual contributor but also an effective team player. Collaborate with fellow interns, editors, and other team members. Seek feedback, share ideas, and contribute to a positive and creative work environment.

6. Meet Deadlines:
Timeliness is crucial in the world of content creation. Stick to deadlines diligently. This not only showcases your commitment but also ensures a smooth workflow for the entire team. If you anticipate challenges in meeting a deadline, communicate proactively with your supervisor.

7. Hone Your Editing Skills:
Editing is an integral part of content writing. Before submitting your work, review it for grammatical errors, clarity, and coherence. A well-edited piece reflects professionalism and dedication to quality.

8. Stay Open to Feedback:
Feedback is a valuable tool for improvement. Embrace constructive criticism with an open mind. Use feedback as a guide to enhance your writing skills and better align your content with Track2Training’s objectives.

9. Be Proactive:
Take initiative in identifying potential topics, suggesting improvements, and contributing fresh ideas. Proactive involvement demonstrates enthusiasm and a genuine commitment to adding value to the organization.

10. Showcase Creativity:
While maintaining professionalism, don’t shy away from injecting creativity into your writing. Engage readers with interesting anecdotes, visuals, or unique perspectives that make your content memorable.

11. Learn and Grow:
Internships are learning experiences. Take advantage of the opportunity to expand your knowledge, learn about content marketing strategies, and gain insights into the industry. Attend training sessions, webinars, and actively seek to enhance your skill set.

By incorporating these strategies into your approach, you’ll not only thrive in your content writing internship at Track2Training but also lay the foundation for a successful and fulfilling career in content creation. Good luck!

Dumitru Baleanu

 Lebanese American University,Beirut, Professor at Institute of Space Sciences,Bucharest

TITLE

CITED BY

YEAR
New fractional derivatives with nonlocal and non-singular kernel: theory and application to heat transfer model

A Atangana, D Baleanu
Thermal Science 20 (2), 763-769
3328 2016
Fractional calculus: models and numerical methods

D Baleanu, K Diethelm, E Scalas, JJ Trujillo
World Scientific
2906 2012
A new collection of real world applications of fractional calculus in science and engineering

HG Sun, Y Zhang, D Baleanu, W Chen, YQ Chen
Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 64, 213-231
1219 2018
Fractional dynamics and control

D Baleanu, JAT Machado, ACJ Luo
Springer Science & Business Media
904 2011
New trends in nanotechnology and fractional calculus applications

D Baleanu, ZB Güvenç, JAT Machado
Springer 10, 978-90
849 2010
A new study on the mathematical modelling of human liver with Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative

D Baleanu, A Jajarmi, H Mohammadi, S Rezapour
Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 134, 109705
604 2020
Local fractional integral transforms and their applications

XJ Yang, D Baleanu, HM Srivastava
Academic Press
529 2015
New properties of conformable derivative

A Atangana, D Baleanu, A Alsaedi
Open Mathematics 13 (1), 000010151520150081
524 2015
Anomalous diffusion expressed through fractional order differential operators in the Bloch–Torrey equation

RL Magin, O Abdullah, D Baleanu, XJ Zhou
Journal of Magnetic Resonance 190 (2), 255-270
505 2008
Discrete fractional logistic map and its chaos

GC Wu, D Baleanu
Nonlinear Dynamics 75, 283-287
499 2014
Caputo-type modification of the Hadamard fractional derivatives

F Jarad, T Abdeljawad, D Baleanu
Advances in Difference Equations 2012, 1-8
430 2012
On a new class of fractional operators

F Jarad, E Uğurlu, T Abdeljawad, D Baleanu
Advances in Difference Equations 2017 (1), 1-16
423 2017
Fractal heat conduction problem solved by local fractional variation iteration method

XJ Yang, D Baleanu
Vinca Inst Nuclear Sci
350 2013
A Hamiltonian formulation and a direct numerical scheme for fractional optimal control problems

OP Agrawal, D Baleanu
Journal of Vibration and Control 13 (9-10), 1269-1281
329 2007
Stability analysis of Caputo fractional-order nonlinear systems revisited

H Delavari, D Baleanu, J Sadati
Nonlinear Dynamics 67, 2433-2439
326 2012
A review of the Adomian decomposition method and its applications to fractional differential equations

JS Duan, R Rach, D Baleanu, AM Wazwaz
Communications in Fractional Calculus 3 (2), 73-99
321 2012
Integration by parts and its applications of a new nonlocal fractional derivative with Mittag-Leffler nonsingular kernel

T Abdeljawad, D Baleanu
arXiv preprint arXiv:1607.00262
308 2016
About Lagrangian formulation of classical fields within Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives

D Baleanu, SI Muslih
International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and …
301 2005
Caputo-Fabrizio derivative applied to groundwater flow within confined aquifer

A Atangana, D Baleanu
Journal of Engineering Mechanics 143 (5), D4016005
292 2017
On some new properties of fractional derivatives with Mittag-Leffler kernel

D Baleanu, A Fernandez
Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 59, 444-462

4.03 lakh Foreign Tourist visits Goa during January-November 2023

 The details of Foreign Tourist Visits (FTVs) in the State of Goa during 2019-2022 is given below:

 

Year

FTVs (in Lakh)

Growth over previous year (%)

2018

9.34

2019

9.37

0.32

2020

3.03

-67.66

2021

0.22

-92.74

2022

1.75

695.45

2023(Jan-Nov)*

4.03

130.29

Source: State Tourism Department

*Provisional

 

As per the inputs received, Tourism department of Government of Goa has launched and notified the below mentioned schemes to recover from Covid-19 pandemic:

 

(i)      “Tourist Trade Support (Working Capital Interest Subvention) Scheme 2021”: to support the MSME’s in tourism industry which has been adversely affected due to pandemic by subsidizing the working capital loans for 6-month period. Under the said scheme, there is a provision of reimbursement of interest up to maximum of 5% on working capital loans amounting to a maximum of INR 25 Lakhs for 6 months in one single claim wherein the maximum burden on Government per eligible entity shall be Rs.62,500/- and maximum number of beneficiaries covered under the scheme are 800. All registered B, C, D category hotels/accommodation and Travel & Tour Operators are eligible for benefit of the said scheme.

(ii)     “International Charter Support (Waiver of Landing Fees) Scheme 2021”: to provide relaxation in landing charges of International Charters to Goa in order to attract higher number of charters by reducing the burden on cost of operation of international chartered flights. Under the said scheme, reimbursement to charters up to maximum of INR 1 lakh per international charter flight on landing charges excluding GST at Dabolim Airport, Goa during the period of the Scheme. The said scheme was in force from October 2021 to March 2022.

(iii)    Department is undertaking all possible statutory, remedial and preventive measures to ensure increase in tourist traffic in the State.  As a part of promotional campaign, the State Department of Tourism along with the travel trade participates at important international and domestic travel Marts/Exhibitions.  In addition, Road Shows are also organized in international and domestic markets.  The Department prints, distributes brochures in foreign as well as English language. In order to create awareness about Tourism in the State, this Department releases advertisements in various National and International magazines, newspapers, etc.  Besides, advertisement is also released in national and international TV channels in English and local foreign languages.

 

Goa Tourism shall continue its efforts of promotion of Goa in International markets by participating in various prominent international Travel Marts/exhibitions such as WTM, ITB, BTL, ATM, MITT, OTDYKH etc. & shall organised series of international roadshows to boost the inflow of foreign tourists in the State.

The Ministry of Tourism promotes the tourist destinations and tourism products of the country in a holistic manner. It endeavors to position India as a preferred tourism destination in the tourism generating markets, under the Incredible India brand, to promote various tourism products and destinations in the global tourism market through an integrated marketing and promotional strategy and a synergized campaign in association with the Travel Trade, State Governments and Indian Missions overseas.

Tourism Ministry notifies 57 destinations in the country for development under Swadesh Darshan 2.0

 The Ministry of Tourism is the nodal agency for the formulation of national policies and programs and for the co-ordination of activities of various Central Government Agencies, State Governments/UTs and the Private Sector for the development and promotion of tourism in the country. Major functions of the Ministry of Tourism are:

 

i.          All policy matters

ii.         Planning

iii.        Co-ordination with other Ministries, Departments, State/Union Territory Administrations

iv.        Regulation

v.         Infrastructure & Product Development

vi.        Research, Analysis, Monitoring and Evaluation

vii.       International Co-operation and External Assistance

viii.      Legislation and Parliamentary Work

ix.        Overall Review of the Functioning of the Field Offices

x.         Marketing & Promotion Work

The Ministry of Tourism promotes the tourism destinations and tourism products of the country in a holistic manner both within the country and overseas markets. Promotions are also undertaken through the Website and Social Media platforms of the Ministry. The tourist destinations in the country are also amplified through the different promotional materials, films and other collaterals developed by the Ministry. Ministry of Tourism also participates in travel fairs/exhibitions held in overseas markets to showcase India’s tourism destinations and products. In addition, Ministry of Tourism releases media campaigns in important and potential markets overseas and within the country under the “Incredible India” brand – line, to promote various tourism destinations and products of the country.

The Ministry of Tourism launched the Swadesh Darshan Scheme for development of theme-based tourist circuits. A total of 76 projects have been sanctioned. The Ministry of Tourism has revamped the Swadesh Darshan Scheme as Swadesh Darshan 2.0 (SD2.0) with the objective to develop sustainable and responsible tourism destinations, following a destination & tourism-centric approach. In line with the scheme guidelines, the respective State/UT prepares State Perspective Plan and the Ministry of Tourism selects destination for development accordingly. The Ministry has notified 57 destinations in the country for development under SD2.0. The details of the projects sanctioned under the Swadesh Darshan 1.0 Scheme and the destinations notified under SD2.0 Scheme are at Annexure-I.

The Ministry of Tourism launched National Mission on Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Heritage Augmentation Drive (PRASHAD) Scheme with the objective of integrated development of identified pilgrimage destinations. The scheme aimed at creation of pilgrimage/spiritual tourism infrastructure development at the identified destinations. A total of 46 projects have been sanctioned under the scheme. The details of projects sanctioned under the PRASHAD Scheme is given at Annexure-II.

The reply was given by Union Minister of Tourism Shri G.K Reddy in Lok Sabha today.

 

ANNEXURE-I

Circuit wise list of projects under Swadesh Darshan Scheme from FY 2014-15 till 21.01.2024

(Amount Rs. in Crore)

Sr. No.

Name of the Theme

Number of projects

Amount Sanctioned

1.

Buddhist Circuit

05

319.01

2.

Coastal Circuit

10

631.39

3.

Desert Circuit

01

50.01

4.

Eco Circuit

06

415.44

5.

Heritage Circuit

10

742.85

6.

Himalayan Circuit

07

587.92

7.

Krishna Circuit

02

153.19

8.

North-East Circuit

10

816.13

9.

Ramayana Circuit

02

196.66

10.

Rural Circuit

02

101.62

11.

Spiritual Circuit

13

672.61

12.

Tirthankar Circuit

01

33.96

13.

Tribal Circuit

04

371.47

14.

Wildlife Circuit

02

186.78

15

Wayside

01

15.07

 

TOTAL

76

5294.11

 

List of Destinations notified under Swadesh Darshan Scheme 2.0

S.N.

States/Union Territory

Destinations Notified

1

Andhra Pradesh

Gandikota, Arakku-Lambassingi

2

Arunachal Pradesh

Nacho, Mechuka

3

Assam

Jorhat,  Kokrajhar

4

Bihar

Gaya,  Nalanda

5

Chhattisgarh

Bilaspur,  Jagdalpur

6

Goa

Porvorim,  Colva

7

Gujarat

Dholavira, Dwarka

8

Haryana

Panchkula (Morni)

9

Himachal Pradesh

Pong Dam

10

Jammu & Kashmir

Basholi

11

Jharkhand

Chandil

12

Karnataka

Hampi, Mysuru

13

Kerala

Kumarakom,  Kozhikode (Beypore)

14

Madhya Pradesh

Gwalior, Chitrakoot

15

Maharashtra

Sindhudurg, Ajanta-Ellora

16

Manipur

Moirang (Bishnupur)

17

Meghalaya

Shillong,  Sohra

18

Mizoram

Aizawl,  Champhai

19

Nagaland

Niuland,  Chumukedima

20

Odisha

Koraput,  Debrigarh along with special attraction of ‘Khinda Village’

21

Punjab

Amritsar, Kapurthala

22

Rajasthan

Bundi (Keshoraipatan), Jodhpur

23

Sikkim

Gangtok, Gyalshing

24

Tamil Nadu

Mamallapuram, The Nilgiris

25

Telangana

Bhongir,  Ananthagiri

26

Tripura

Agartala,  Unakoti

27

Uttar Pradesh

Prayagraj,  Naimisharanya

28

Uttarakhand

Pittoragarh,  Champavat

29

Chandigarh

Chandigarh

30

Lakshadweep

Lakshadweep

31

Puducherry

Puducherry, Karaikal

32

Ladakh

Leh, Kargil

 

Total

 57

 

ANNEXURE-II

 

State wise list of projects sanctioned under PRASHAD Scheme from FY 2014-15 till 31.01.2024.

(Amount Rs. in Crore)

S. No.

Name of State/ UT

Number of Projects

Sanctioned Amount

1

Andhra Pradesh

3

124.89

2

Arunachal Pradesh

1

37.88

3

Assam

1

29.80

4

Bihar

2

45.81

5

Chhattisgarh

1

48.44

6

Gujarat

5

205.53

7

Haryana

1

48.53

8

Jammu & Kashmir

1

40.46

9

Jharkhand

1

36.79

10

Karnataka

1

45.71

11

Kerala

1

45.19

12

Madhya Pradesh

2

93.92

13

Maharashtra

1

52.92

14

Meghalaya

1

29.29

15

Mizoram

1

44.89

16

Nagaland

2

43.44

17

Odisha

1

50.00

18

Punjab

2

37.97

19

Rajasthan

1

32.64

20

Sikkim

1

33.32

21

Tamil Nadu

2

18.85

22

Telangana

3

142.28

23

Tripura

1

37.80

23

Uttar Pradesh

6

130.28

25

Uttarakhand

3

145.28

26

West Bengal

1

30.03

 

Grand Total

46

1631.93

***

Black-necked Crane

 The Wildlife Institute of India and the Zoological Survey of India have been carrying out assessment of the black-necked cranes. As per the survey conducted by Wildlife Institute of India in 2016-2017 in Ladakh region, the population size of black necked crane was around 66-69 individuals.In Arunachal Pradesh, a small population of approximately 11 individuals arrives during winter months.

The important steps taken to protect bird species include:

  1. The Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) is listed in Schedule I of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, thereby according them the highest degree of protection.
  2. The species is also listed in Appendix I of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild fauna and flora and the Convention on conservation of Migratory Species.
  3. The important habitats of Black-necked Crane have been notified as a Protected Areas, for example, Changthang Sanctuary, Ladakh.
  4. The Tso Kar Wetlands Complex, an important foraging and breeding ground for Black-necked Crane has been designated as a Ramsar Site in December 2020.
  5. The National Wildlife Action Plan (2017-2031) released by the Ministry in October 2017 provides for specific Chapters and priority actions on various aspects of wildlife conservation like,  conservation of threatened species, mitigating human wildlife conflict, conservation of inland and coastal and marine ecosystems, landscape level conservation, etc.
  6. The Central Government provides financial assistance to State/Union Territory Governments under the Centrally Sponsored Schemes ‘Development of Wildlife Habitats’ for management of wildlife and its habitat in the country.
  7. In accordance with provisions contained under Section 33 of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, the Ministry has issued guidelines for the process of management planning for Protected Areas.
  8. The Government of India has initiated Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) programme, that aims to generate public awareness about the environment, and conservation.
  9. Important days such as World Wildlife Day,  Wetlands Day, Migratory Bird Day, etc. and  Wildlife Week are celebrated to bring in more awareness on wildlife and biodiversity among the public.

 

This information was given by Union Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change Shri Ashwini Kumar Choubey in a written reply in the Lok Sabha today.

***

Closure of Pollution emitting Industries

 The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has devised a ‘Standard Protocol for Conducting Inspections, Report Preparation and Action’. The action against violators is taken based on the guidelines prescribed in this protocol.

In general, for minor non-compliances, show-cause notice is issued to unit, in line with the principles of Natural Justice and to give an opportunity to the unit, before issuance of closure directions under Section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. However, closure directions under Section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 are issued directly to the unit if it is found grossly non-complying with regard to prescribed environmental standards and other shortcomings which have potential to cause grave injury to the environment. Some of such gross non-compliances include the following:

  1. Any bypass discharge of partially treated or untreated effluent and emission observed.
  2. Injection of treated or untreated water or both into ground water (reverse boring).
  3. Operating unit having defunct Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) or Air Pollution Control Device (APCD) and/or operating without installation of ETP or APCD.
  4. Unauthorized disposal or dumping of hazardous waste likely to cause grave injury to the Environment.

 Based on Online Continuous Effluent/ Emission Monitoring Systems (OCEMS), CPCB has inspected 215 industrial units since 2020, out of which 83 units were found non-complying with environmental norms. Based on the severity of violations, closure directions were directly issued to 7 units without issuance of show-cause notice. All these 7 units have later complied with prescribed environmental norms. The list of 7 units to which closure directions were issued directly by CPCB is as below:

S. No.

Name of the unit

Sector

1

M/s. Mithila Dugdh Utpadak Sahkari Sangh Limited (Samastipur Dairy), Samastipur, Bihar

Dairy

2

M/s Hema laboratories, Raichur, Karnataka

Pharmaceutical

3

M/s Niox Speciality Paper Mill, Mehsana, Gujarat

Pulp & paper

4

Jagruti Sugar & Allied Industries Ltd, Devni, Maharashtra

Sugar

5

Dharashiv Sakhar Karkhana Ltd., Osmanabad, Maharashtra

Sugar

6

Astik Dyestuff Pvt Ltd, Ankleshwar, Gujarat

Dye & Dye Intermediate

7

M/s Athani Sugars Ltd., Maharashtra

Sugar

 

This information was given by Union Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change Shri Ashwini Kumar Choubey in a written reply in the Lok Sabha today.

***

Smart Food Grain Storage System transferred to Industry

 During the launch event of “Digital India FutureLABS Summit 2024” held at IIIT- Delhi, the technology for Smart Food Grain Storage System (SAFEETY) which includes conveyorized loading & unloading of grain bags having RFID for traceability, online weight and moisture measurement with Radio Frequency Based Removal of Moisture from Grain has been developed by SAMEER under the aegis of MeitY. The technology has been transferred to M/s Paras Defense and Space Technology Ltd for manufacturing and supply of the systems. The system has capacity to handle almost one truckload (approx. weight: 28 tons) of grains in 40 minutes.

The exchange of technology transferred documents were made in the presence of Minister of State for Electronics & Information Technology, Skill Development & Entrepreneurship and Jal Shakti, Shri Rajeev Chandrasekhar; Smt Sunita Verma, GC R&D in E⁢  Dr P. H. Rao, DG-SAMEER; Shri Rajesh Harsh, CI, SAMEER, Mumbai; Dr Om Krishan Singh, Scientist ‘D’, MeitY; Shri Amit Mahajan, Director Paras Defense and Space Technologies Ltd and the Senior officials in Government.

Inauguration of Smart Food grain Storage System

Transfer of proto model of SAFEETY system by Hon’ble Minister of State, MeitY Shri Rajeev Chandrasekhar to Shri Amit Mahajan, Director, Paras Defense and Space Technologies Ltd

*****

futureDESIGN start-up companies under SemiconIndia Design Linked Incentive (DLI) Scheme

 An announcement on two futureDESIGN semiconductor fabless companies under the Semicon India Design Linked Incentive (DLI) scheme was made by Minister of State for Electronics & IT, Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, and Jal Shakti, Shri Rajeev Chandrasekhar during the launch of “Digital India FutureLABS” at IIIT Delhi. The Digital India FutureLABS Summit 2024 also witnessed announcement of 20 MoUs with Industry for implementation of the futureLABS in 6 verticals – Automotive, Compute, Communication, Strategic Electronics, Industrial Electronics/ IoT and Design & innovation.

A group of people in a roomDescription automatically generated

These two Karnataka based futureDESIGN semiconductor fabless companies announced for financial support under the DLI Scheme has been providing range of chipsets and solutions for communication and med-tech sectors.

Parag Naik, founder, Saankhya Labs, mentioned that – “Saankhya Labs is a wireless communication and semiconductor solutions company, designing a full spectrum of next-gen communication solutions for the present and the future. This includes products and solutions for broadband, satellite and broadcast applications including 5G NR, Direct to Mobile (D2M) Broadcast, rural broadband connectivity, satellite communication modems for IoT applications and multi-standard DTV modulators and demodulators.”

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Vijay Muktamath, founder, Sensesemi Technologies mentioned that – “As part of the DLI Scheme, Sensesemi will be developing the SoC for IoMT and IoT devices, that shall have MCU and wireless IP integrated with ultra-low power analog front end with AI inferencing IP. Sensesemi aims to drive India’s semiconductor capabilities by providing connected SoC for everything from smart wearables, med-tech sector and other connected devices.”

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Earlier the ChipIN Centre setup at C-DAC under the SemiconIndia DLI Scheme announced the following support for state-of-the-art chip design tools from global companies-

  1. Support to academic institutions:
    1. EDA tools for academia from Synopsys to ‘pan-India academic institutions’, Cadence Design Systems to ‘150 institutions and Siemens-EDA & Ansys to ‘120 institutions’. At present, thousands of researchers & faculty members at 100+ academic institutions across the country are using these tools from ChipIN Centre to design their semiconductor chips.
    2. FPGA Hardware Boards from Xilinx to 100 academic institutions.
    3. Tapeout support to academia & start-ups for fabricating their designs at SCL foundry & overseas foundries.
  2. Support to start-ups: EDA tools for pan-India startups from Synopsys, Cadence Design Systems and Siemens-EDA to design their semiconductor chips.

In addition to these global companies, ChipIN is exploring to engage with other leading design & solution companies like- Keysight technologies & Silvaco for CAD/ EDA solutions and Qualcomm & NXP Semicondcutors for startup mentorship & support and enabling a global platform to start-ups. Engaged with over 125 academic instituions and 15 start-ups at present, ChipIN intends to become the one-stop center for chip designers across the country.

The Digital India futureLABS, coordinated by C-DAC, aims to tap into the trillion-dollar opportunity presented by the Electronics System Design and Manufacturing (ESDM) sector. The initiative seeks to move up the value chain, fortify domestic R&D, and create a collaborative ecosystem for the development of IPs, standards, and the next-generation Electronics System Design in the country.

Digital India futureLABS initiative announced by Minister Shri Rajeev Chandrasekhar combined with SemiconIndia futureDESIGN and futureSKILLS will define the #IndiaTechade and make India #ElectronicsProductNation and SemiconductorProductNation”.

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two-day ULLAS Mela in New Delhi

 Union Minister of Education and Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Shri Dharmendra Pradhan will inaugurate the two-day ULLAS Mela on 6th February 2024 at the National Bal Bhavan, New Delhi. Union Minister of State for Education Smt. Annpurna Devi will also be present as the Special Guest.

To achieve the target of 100% literacy by 2030, the Government of India is implementing a centrally sponsored innovative scheme called Nav Bharat Saksharta Karyakram or New India Literacy Program for the period of FYs 2022-2027. The scheme is popularly known as ULLAS: Understanding of Lifelong Learning for All in Society, upholding the motto “Jan-Jan Sakshar”. The scheme is targeted at all non-literates of age 15 years and above. The scheme, in line with NEP 2020, targets adults (aged 15 and above) who could not go to school or attain formal education. It focuses on imparting Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN), through critical life skills, such as Digital Literacy, Financial Literacy, Legal Literacy, Environmental Literacy, Health & Hygiene, etc. Implemented in a hybrid mode, States/UTs have flexibility in offline, online, or combined approaches.

The scheme consists of five components: (i) Foundational Literacy and Numeracy; (ii) Critical Life Skills; (iii) Basic Education; (iv) Vocational Skills; and (v) Continuing Education. ULLAS is to be implemented through VOLUNTEERISM, encouraging citizen participation, emphasizing DUTY or Kartavya Bodh towards nation-building. The scheme contributes to India’s growth, by making India जन जन साक्षर. The ULLAS App has been developed to register learners, volunteers and also containing teaching learning material for them. The learners are certified as literate by way of twice-a-year assessments in September & March.

There have been substantial activities carried out under ULLAS in most of the States/UTs. Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Education is organising ULLAS Mela on 6th-7th February, 2024 in collaboration with CNCL, NCERT to showcase various National and State level activities under ULLAS- Nav Bharat Saksharta Karyakram. The event will comprise various activities including felicitation of Neo-literates from the States/UTs who have successfully certified in the Foundational Literacy Numeracy Assessment Test (FLNAT), the launch of the ULLAS Concise Primers of the states/UTs in local languages, sessions on ‘Best Practices’, panel discussion, Prize distribution to the winners of poster-making competition held during the International Literacy Week. Seven hundred participants from various States/UTs along with more than 100 dignitaries from the Ministry of Education, States/UTs and various organizations will be participating in the event.  

The live broadcast links for both days are:

1. Live Streaming Link: 6th Feb 2024: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySaBTI9jumE

2. Live Streaming Link: 7th Feb 2024: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDvXqM4jh94

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G20 Education Working Group Meeting under Brazilian Presidency

 Day one of the first Education Working Group (EdWG) meeting under Brazilian G20 Presidency was held virtually today wherein, the Indian delegation reiterated the government’s commitment to enhance the global education agenda.  The delegation highlighted the importance of capacity building for educational professionals, innovative teaching-learning processes and emerging trends and on making tech-enabled learning more inclusive, qualitative and collaborative at every level and highlighted the crucial role of education in achieving SDGs, particularly through LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) initiative.

 

 

 

 

Sharing inputs on the priorities, the Indian delegation of senior Ministry officials highlighted India’s best practices on the identified priorities as guided by the National Education Policy 2020. Initiatives included SWAYAM, SWAYAM PRABHA, Academic Bank of Credit, SAMARTH,  National Professional Standards for Teachers, 4-year Integrated Teacher Education Programme, DIKSHA, NISHTHA, Malviya Mission Teacher Training Programme,  National Mission for Mentoring, industry collaboration for training courses and equipping educators in emerging technologies.

As part of the EdWG track, Brazil has identified  the following 3 priorities for the meeting deliberations:

    1. Valuing and Building Capacity of Education Professionals: what can we collectively do?
    2. Connecting Managers of Digital Resource Platforms: the sharing of education material on Education for Sustainable Development.
    3. The G20 Award for School-Community Engagement

 

 

The first EdWG discussions will continue on  day two of the meeting to be held on 6th February 2024.  Discussion will centre on the second and third priority that is, digital resource platforms and award for school-community engagement.

 

 

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DoNER organises ‘North – East Sammelan’

 Ministry of DoNER organized a North East Sammelan on February 4th, 2024 at Ambedkar International Centre, New Delhi. Minister for DoNER, Tourism and Culture Shri G. Kishan Reddy was the chief guest for the event and virtually laid foundation stone of the North Eastern Cultural and Social Institute in Dwarka built at the cost of Rs 116.38 crore and inaugurated the Barak Hostel at JNU, New Delhi, worth Rs 28.67 crore, in presence of Minsiter for Earth Science Shri Kiren Rijiju ji, Minister of State DoNER Shri B.L. Verma, Minister of State for Social Justice and Empowerment Km. Pratima Bhoumik and Minister of State for External Affairs and Education, Shri Rajkumar Ranjan Singh and other dignitaries.

The event garnered the presence of esteemed dignitaries, including Union Ministers, Members of Parliament from the North East, and MLAs from the North Eastern States. Noteworthy attendance comprised officers representing various cadres in the North East region, alongside officers from diverse backgrounds. The gathering, comprising an audience of 1000, notably included a substantial contingent of students from the North East studying in institutions across Delhi. The distinguished presence of Smt. Sangkhumi Bualchhuak, a recipient of the Padma Shri award for her commendable efforts in women empowerment, added a significant dimension to the occasion.

The North Eastern Cultural and Social Institute in Dwarka, with a budget of Rs. 116.38 crore, will feature diverse amenities, including an auditorium, a library-cum-reading room focused on materials related to the North Eastern Region, an Art Gallery showcasing the region, an exhibition hall, research center, sale outlets and a Guest House. The center will also house facilities like a State Handloom Display, a food court, and exhibition spaces. Concurrently, the construction of Barak Hostel for North-East Students at JNU, New Delhi, with an estimated cost of Rs. 28.675 Crore, featuring 214 rooms for both genders equipped with modern amenities, aims to enhance hostel accommodations for a larger population of North-East students.

During the unveiling ceremony of the two projects, Shri G. Kishan Reddy expressed that these initiatives have been long-awaited and will serve as focal points for cultural and regional integration. He emphasized that the North Eastern Cultural and Social Institute in Dwarka is anticipated to facilitate extensive discussions, meaningful discourse, and constructive exchanges aimed at promoting the holistic development of the North Eastern Region.

During his address at the Sammelan, the Union Minister for Development of North Eastern Region, Culture, and Tourism, Shri G Kishan Reddy, highlighted the North East Sammelan as a remarkable platform to spotlight the abundant opportunities and rich cultural diversity inherent in the North Eastern Region. He emphasized the unprecedented growth and development witnessed over the last decade, transforming the region from a neglected area to the Ashtalakshmi of Bharat

Shri Reddy underscored the significant investments made, amounting to over Rs. 5 Lakh Crores since 2014, driving comprehensive and inclusive development across the region. He also lauded the remarkable progress in maintaining peace and security, evident in the notable reduction of insurgency incidents and civilian casualties, reflecting the government’s steadfast commitment to fostering stability.

Furthermore, Shri Reddy highlighted the establishment of state-of-the-art cancer hospitals catering to the healthcare needs of the populace, underscoring the government’s dedication to enhancing healthcare infrastructure. Shri Reddy emphasized the substantial financial infusion into the region over the past decade, ensuring unhindered development. He noted a considerable increase of approximately 233% in expenditure, from Rs. 24,819 Crores in 2014-15 to Rs. 82,690 Crores in 2022-23, allocated by 54 Central Ministries to the North Eastern Region under 10% GBS (Gross Budgetary Support).

Union Minister for Earth Sciences, Shri Kiren Rijiju in his address said that he extended his heartfelt congratulations to the people of the North East as we witness the significant launch of Barak Hostel at JNU for NE students and the foundation stone laying of the North Eastern Culture and Social Institute in Dwarka, New Delhi. Shri Kiren Rijiju, further added that North East Region is witnessing a transformative phase of development be it physical infrastructure, connectivity with rest of India or emotional and cultural integration. He added that the government ensures monthly visits of union ministers to different States of NER to ensure that the grievances and issues are addressed at the highest level. He further said that the Government, under the visionary leadership of PM Shri Narendra Modi Ji is taking forward the developmental activities on the vision of ‘Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat’. He underscored the vital link between peace and Northeast development and highlighted the pivotal role of youth and emphasized that genuine progress in the region can only occur through people-led development, underscoring the critical need for sustained peace in the area.

Addressing the audience at the North East Sammelan, Union Minister of State Shri B.L. Verma highlighted that Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi Ji has not only recognized but also underscored the crucial role of the North-East in the Nation’s development, setting the stage for comprehensive national prosperity. This emphasis signifies a dedicated commitment to uplifting the region and fostering inclusive growth for the entire country especially commending effective governance and initiatives for the Ashtalakshmi’s over all development.

The dignitaries inspected the stalls and exhibitions put up by PSUs of DoNER North Eastern Regional Agricultural Marketing Corporation (NERAMAC), North Eastern Handicrafts and Handloom Development Corporation (NEHHDC) showcasing the initiative sand achievements towards welfare of farmers and artisans of the region. A stall by the North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd was also put up which showcased the milestones achieved in promoting SHGs, Small and micro enterprises and young entrepreneurs. The Ministers took the opportunity to engage with artisans and entrepreneurs present.

The Sammelan featured special videos that showcased PM Shri Narendra Modi Ji’s vision for roadmap and development for North Eastern Region. The event also featured videos highlighting the following achievements in the North-Eastern Region over the past decade.

The event concluded with a well-received cultural performance showcasing diverse traditional dances. Today’s initiatives collectively channel Government of India’s efforts to unlock the unparalleled potential of the North-East. The achievements outlined are not merely milestones but a testament to the Government’s commitment to a brighter and more prosperous future for the region.

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DRDO carries out successful flight trials of High-speed Expendable Aerial Target ‘ABHYAS’

 Four flight trials of High-speed Expendable Aerial Target (HEAT) – ABHYAS were successfully carried out by Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) from the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur in Odisha during January 30 to February 02, 2024. The trials were conducted with four different mission objectives in a revised robust configuration using a single booster designed by Advanced Systems Laboratory, Hyderabad to provide reduced launch acceleration.

The objectives like safe release of booster, launcher clearance and attaining the required end of launch velocity were achieved. During the flight trials, various parameters like required endurance, speed, manoeuvrability, altitude and range were successfully validated.

Designed by DRDO’s Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE), ABHYAS offers a realistic threat scenario for practice of weapon systems. It is designed for autonomous flying with the help of an auto pilot indigenously made by the ADE. It has Radar Cross Section, Visual and Infrared augmentation system required for weapon practice. It has a laptop-based Ground Control System with which the aircraft can be integrated and pre-flight checks, data recording during the flight, replay after the flight and post-flight analysis can be carried out. ABHYAS requires minimum logistics and is cost effective compared to imported equivalents.

The systems tested recently were realised through Production Agencies – Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and Larsen & Toubro (L&T) Defence. With identified production agencies, ABHYAS is ready for production. The system has export potential and can be offered to friendly countries.

Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh has congratulated the DRDO, the Armed Forces and the Industry for the successful flight trial of ABHYAS. The development of this system will meet the requirements of aerial targets for the Armed Forces, he said.

Secretary, Department of Defence R&D and Chairman DRDO Dr Samir V Kamat appreciated the efforts of the teams associated in the design, development and testing of the system.

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MERA GAON MERI DHAROHAR

 The Government of India has decided to map and document all villages under Mera Gaon, Meri Dharohar (MGMD) Programme.  A web portal on MGMD has also been launched on 27.07.2023.  The MGMD seeks to compile comprehensive information detailing the life, history, and ethos of Indian villages and to make the same available to virtual and real-time visitors. Under the MGMD, information is collected under seven broad categories as given below-

  • Arts and Crafts Village
  • Ecologically Oriented Village
  • Scholastic Village linked with Textual and Scriptural Traditions of India
  • Epic Village linked with Ramayana, Mahabharata and/or Puranic legends and oral epics
  • Historical Village linked with Local and National History
  • Architectural Heritage Village
  • Any other characteristic that may need highlighting such as fishing village, horticulture village, shepherding village etc.

The Ministry of Culture is implementing a Scheme of Financial Assistance for Promotion of Art and Culture consisting 08 components through which cultural organizations are given financial assistance for the promotion of art and culture. The details of the Schemes, through which cultural organizations are given financial assistance under scheme of Financial Assistance for Promotion of Art and Culture are placed at Annexure-I.

Financial outlay of Rs.353.46 Crores is approved under the scheme of Financial Assistance for Promotion of Art and Culture consisting 08 scheme components for a period of five financial years w.e.f 2021-2022 to 2025-2026.

Government of India decided to celebrate Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsava in befitting manner at national and international level during 15th August 2022 to 15th August 2023. Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav has been formally launched on 12th March, 2021 viz 75 weeks prior to 15th August 2022.  Under the “Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav”, Govt. of India celebrated Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas, vide which, the contribution of Tribal freedom fighters was highlighted, and commemorations were held in remembrance of freedom fighters.

      Through the campaigns Qila aur Kahaniya and Wonder Caves, the contribution of India’s forts and caves to the freedom struggle were highlighted. Through Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas, the contribution of Tribal freedom fighters was also highlighted, and commemorations were held in remembrance of freedom fighters.

      Centenary of Jallianwala Bagh massacre commemorated from 13.4.2019 to 13.4.2020. A tribute paying ceremony on 13.4.2019 was led by Hon’ble President at the Memorial site where commemorative coin and postage stamp were released. Memorial has been renovated. Museum and Light & Sound show has been set up. Inauguration ceremony of renovated Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial, Amritsar was presided over by Hon’ble Prime Minister on 28.8.2021. 

     Government of India commemorated 125th birth anniversary of Netaji Subhash Bose from 23rd January, 2021 to 23rd January, 2023.  To mark the 125th Birth Anniversary of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, on September 8, 2022, Hon’ble PM unveiled Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose’s 28ft jet black granite statue near India Gate. Government of India also declared 23rd January as Parakram Divas.

ANNEXURE – I

 

A. SCHEME OF FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR PROMOTION OF ART AND CULTURE:   The scheme consists of the following scheme components:

 

  1. Financial Assistance to Cultural organizations with National Presence

            The objective of the scheme component is to provide financial assistance  to reputed cultural organizations with national presence (‘not-for-profit’ organizations, NGOs, Societies, Trusts, Universities, etc.) with a view to disseminate and propagate art & culture by organizing various cultural activities at National/International level for promotion of art and culture of the country. This grant is given to such organizations which has a properly constituted managing body, registered in India having an All India Character with National Presence in its operation, adequate working strength and have spent Rs. 1crore or more during any 3 of the last 5 years on cultural activities. The Quantum of assistance under this scheme is up to Rs. 1 Cr.

 

  1. Cultural Function & Production Grant (CFPG)

            The objective of this scheme component is to provide financial support to NGOs/ Societies/ Trusts/ Universities etc. for Seminars, Conference, Research, Workshops, Festivals, Exhibitions, Symposia, Production of Dance, Drama-Theatre, Music etc.  The maximum grant provided under CFPG is Rs.5 Lakh which can be increased to Rs. 20 Lakh under exceptional circumstances.

 

  1. Financial Assistance for the Preservation & Development of Cultural Heritage of the Himalayas

            The objective of this scheme component is to promote and preserve the cultural heritage of the Himalayas through research, training and dissemination through audio visual programmes. The financial support is provided to the organizations in the States falling under the Himalayan Region i.e. Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.  The quantum of funding is Rs. 10.00 lakhs per year for an organization which can be increased to Rs. 30.00 lakhs in exceptional cases.

 

  1. Financial Assistance for the Preservation & Development of Buddhist/Tibetan Organization

            Under this scheme component financial assistance is provided to the voluntary Buddhist/Tibetan organizations including Monasteries engaged in the propagation and scientific development of Buddhist/Tibetan Cultural and tradition and research in related fields. The quantum of funding under scheme component is Rs. 30.00 lakhs per year for an organization which can be increased to 1.00 crore in exceptional cases.

  1. Financial Assistance for Building Grants including Studio Theatres

            The objective of this scheme component is to provide financial support to NGO, Trust, Societies, Govt. Sponsored bodies, University, College etc. for creation of Cultural infrastructure (i.e. studio theatre, auditorium, rehearsal hall, classroom etc.) and provision of facilities like electrical, air conditioning, acoustics, light and sound systems etc. Under this scheme component, the maximum amount of grant is up to Rs.50 Lakh in metro cities and up to Rs.25 Lakh in non- metro cities.

(vi)       Financial Assistance For Allied Cultural Activities

The objective of sub-component is to provide financial assistance to all eligible  organizations  for  creation  of  assets  for  enhancing  the  audio-visual spectacle  for  allied  cultural  activities  to  give  firsthand  experience  of  live performances  on  regular  basis  and  during  festivals  in  open/closed areas/spaces  where  large  numbers  of  tourists/visitors  come  regularly  and during major events/festivals the number of visitors swells to lakhs. Grants are given to projects for procurement of audio-video equipment etc. Maximum  assistance  under  the  scheme  component,  including applicable duties & taxes and also Operation & Maintenance (O&M) costing for  five  years,  will  be  as  under:- (i)  Audio: Rs.1.00  crore;  (ii)  Audio+Video: Rs. 1.50 crore.

(vii)      Scheme for Safeguarding the Intangible Cultural Heritage:

This  scheme  was  launched  by  the  Ministry  of  Culture  in  2013  for safeguarding the intangible cultural heritage and diverse cultural traditions of the  country  with  the  objective  of  reinvigorating  and  revitalizing  various institutions, groups, NGOs, etc. so that they may engage in activities/projects for  strengthening,  protecting,  preserving  and  promoting  the  rich  intangible cultural heritage of India.

B.        Domestic Festivals and Fairs

The objective of this scheme is to provide assistance for holding the ‘Rashtriya Sanskriti Mahotsavs’ organized by Ministry of Culture.

This information was given by Union Minister for Culture, Tourism And Development of North Eastern Region Shri G.Kishan Reddy in Lok Sabha today.

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