Evidence means and includes-

1. all statements which the court permits or requires to be made before it by witnesses, in relation to matters of fact under inquiry; such statements are called oral evidence;
2. all documents; including electronic records, produced for the inspection of the court; such documents are called documentary evidence.

That means evidence can be in given in any form oral, documentary as well as electronic.

A document means anything which is a permanent record of the happening of a fact. Oral statements of a witnesses become evidence only when the right and opportunity is given to the opposite party to cross-examine, failing which they remain only bare statements.

The word ‘evidence’ in its relation to law includes all the legal means exclusive of mere arguments which tend to prove or disprove any fact the truth of which is submitted to judicial investigation.

Every case that comes before a court of law has a fact story behind it. Facts out of which cases arise keep happening in the ordinary course of life. The means by which facts are proved governed by the law of evidence. The function of the law of evidence is to lay down rules according to which the facts of a case can be proved or disproved before a court of law. The means which can be used to prove a fact are all controlled by the rules and principles laid down by the law of evidence.

The facts of the case will be proved by way of evidence act whether it is civil cases or criminal cases. It is the burden of proof which is different in both the cases like in Civil Cases burden of proof will be the balance of probability and in case of criminal cases the facts must be proved beyond all the reasonable doubts.

FOLLOWING ARE THE TYPES OF EVIDENCES :

1. ORAL EVIDENCE
2. DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
3. PRIMARY EVIDENCE
4. SECONDARY EVIDENCE
5. REAL EVIDENCE
6. HEARSAY EVIDENCE
7. JUDICIAL EVIDENCE
8. NON-JUDICIAL EVIDENCE
9. DIRECT EVIDENCE
10. INDIRECT EVIDENCE OR CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE

A review meeting regarding the decision of CBSE board exams of class XII was held on Tuesday, June 1, 2021. In that meeting our Honorable Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi has declared the decision to cancel exams due to the uncertain conditions of covid 19. And also he stressed that the safety and health of our students is important and the exams should not be the reason behind putting our youth at risk. It was also announced that Central Board of Secondary Education will take necessary steps in evaluating student’s results of class XII on a well defined objective criteria in a time bound manner. After hearing this, school students are happy and have trolled happy memes in social media platforms.

The increase of vaccinations against covid 19 on a mission mode is planned by the centre. An average of around one crore vaccines per day is going to be the target implementation around mid of July and August. The local production and supplies of Sputnik v are likely to start along with the improvement of vaccine supplies in Bharat Biotech and Serum Institute of India. Only around 2 months left, once the supplies got improved there will be a huge raise in the number of vaccinations per day. While, the present estimates that in the month of July around 20 crore doses are likely to be supplied and it may increase further if vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna are imported and enter the market. The chairperson of the National Task Force, N K Arora stated that they are aiming to give one crore vaccinations every single day and will have 20 to 25 crore of vaccine doses by the end of August. To have more number of covid 19 vaccinations sites with the usage of entire network of one lakh child immunisation centres especially in the remote areas has planned by the government. The states of India were asked by the government centre to schedule vaccination slots and publish them accordingly with whole safety measures.

Japan is set to extend a corona virus state of emergency in Tokyo and other areas with infections not yet slowing to levels it can safely host the Olympics opening in the next 50 days. The extension is needed as people are increasingly roaming in public, especially in Tokyo and Osaka, when they should be doing the opposite, and it’s feared that lifting the emergency would cause an instant rebound in infection. The Olympics are scheduled to start on July 23 after a one year postponement due to the pandemic, and worries about the new variants and Japan’s slow vaccination rollouts have triggered calls from the public and medical experts to cancel the games. Olympic organizers have to decide around that date whether to allow any fans at all, after overseas spectators were banned months ago. The international Olympic committee has also said the Olympics would go ahead even if the host city Tokyo is under emergency measures. Japan has reported about 7,30,000 cases of infection and more than 12,700 deaths.

In this pandemic situation, we all are staying at our homes to save ourselves from the covid disease, by being locked for days most of them are affected mentally and emotionally. Life is an emotional experience, the quality of emotion that we experience every day determines the quality of our life. We all should know how to control our emotion or otherwise, our emotion controls us. The major problem with most people is, they are not able to understand what they feel or they find it harder to name their emotions. This is the place where we should become emotionally intelligent. Emotional intelligence plays an important role in our life because every human in the world has his or her own emotion. It allows you to understand and manage your emotion in order to self-motivate and create a positive social interaction. Understanding our emotions helps us to know more about ourselves. Our emotion not only affects us it also affects the other people around us. “There are hidden messages in every emotion”. Emotions are action signals very often their meanings are hidden but we ignore the hidden messages. All emotion is a call for action. Emotion is the inner game of success or failure. There are more than 3000 various emotions. We have only 1051 pleasant emotions and other are unpleasant emotion. This shows that we people are more focused on unpleasant sides than the bright side. We humans cannot forget the unpleasant emotion or feeling unless we let it go. Compressing our emotions and feelings leads us to mental depression. It is always good to express our emotions. When we are in control with our emotions that means we are emotionally intelligent. When emotion controls you, then it means you are emotionally slaved. Once when you are familiar with your emotion, then hidden messages, action signals even unpleasant emotion becomes your ally. Mostly we are aware of messages hidden behind pleasant emotion, but we are not aware of the hidden message behind unpleasant emotion. All the negative emotion contains positive message and instructions that help us to grow into a better human being.
Some of the unpleasant emotions that most of them face regularly are hurt, pain, anger, fear, guilt, unworthiness, and loneliness.
HURT
Hurt is a painful emotion that comes when we experience loss. It may be a loss of trust or expectation from the person we love. When we face betrayal or ignored by the person we care about, that feeling leads us to this unpleasant emotion hurt. There is always a way to get hold of ourselves from the unpleasant emotion. Always we expect something from our loved one, but we all know that expectation kills. So communicate with your loved ones explain yourself to them, explain your need and expectation to them. Certain things may be valuable to you but not them, so it is always better when you are open to your loved ones so that they can understand you.
ANGER
Anger is another unpleasant emotion every one of us faces in this fast-growing world. Anger is a physiological sensation due to a biochemical reaction in your body. Anger is a secondary emotion where frustration is the primary emotion. We feel frustrated when we don’t get what we want. We all have some important rules and standards in our life that we hold, when those rules have been violated by someone or maybe even by ourselves, it leads us to this unpleasant emotion anger. The hidden message in frustration is that we can do better and we need to change our approach to get better.
DEPRESSION
When we feel helpless and unworthy it leads us to the unpleasant emotion which is depression. When someone focuses on the minor things in life than the major one it is the primary reason for depression. The hidden message in depression is to find the purpose of life. When we are depressed we feel unworthy and we don’t feel the meaning of our life. Which may lead us to suicide.
FEAR
Fear is one of the terrible unpleasant emotions. The best way to overcome your fear is to face them, face the fear that you are afraid of and then they will leave you. Grief is one of the unpleasant emotions similar to fear. Acceptance is the answer for grief, just let it go then you feel relieved. The hidden message in fear is it is simply anticipation that something is going to happen soon, so be prepared for it.
LONELINESS
Loneliness is the unpleasant emotion which leads us to many unpleasant emotion like depression, unworthiness, anxiety, hurt and so on. Loneliness is about not only being alone it’s about being avoided by the person we love and also by society. It makes us to feel empty, alone, and unwanted. When your not a sociable person then you feel lonely from time to time. The hidden message in loneliness is that your need to become more sociable and more expressive.

We should know about what emotion that we are going through and we should know how to handle those emotions. Our unpleasant emotion is our greatest enemy which makes us feel low and sometimes leads us to the wrong path. Some unpleasant emotion like hurt, pain, anger, guilt, unworthiness, and loneliness that we face says us to have some change in ourselves. We have to take everything positively and try to decode the message so that we can easily get over the emotion that we are stuck in.