How Surat Boy and NIT Hamirpur Graduate Shantanu Yadav cracked CAT with 99.7%ile and got into IIM Ahmedabad for MBA 2020!

Shantanu Singh Yadav, CAT 2019 topper from Surat, cracked the exam with 99.73 percentile and has converted number of top B-schools including IIM Ahmedabad. A graduate from NIT Hamirpur, Shantanu belongs to a modest service class family. While preparing for CAT exam, he earned 3 years of working experience in a fertilizer industry. Read his CAT preparation strategy and success mantra

Coming from the small town of Surat in Gujarat, Shantanu Singh Yadav cracked CAT 2019 with 99.73 percentile and has converted number of top B-schools including IIM Ahmedabad. A graduate from NIT Hamirpur, Shantanu belongs to a modest service class family. While preparing for CAT exam, he earned 3 years of working experience in a fertilizer industry.

Shantanu appeared in CAT 2018 also, and scored 95.73 percentile but decided to prepare again to get his dream B-school. He likes playing Football and his hobbies and interests include Photography, Trekking and Hiking.

MBAUniverse.com invited Shantanu to share his exam taking strategy and GD-PI experience. Read on for his views and success mantras.

Q: How did you perform in CAT 2019?

A: I scored 99.73 overall percentile in CAT 2019; 89.44 percentile in VARC section; 99.76 in DILR Section and 99.86 percentile in Quantitative Ability section. I also appeared in CAT 2018 and scored 95.73 percentile.

Q: Apart from CAT 2019, which other exams did you appear?

A: Apart from CAT 2019, I appeared in XAT 2020 and scored 99.914 percentile; appeared in IIFT 2020 and scored 98.74 percentile.

Q: Which top B-schools have offered you admission and which one you have finally chosen?

A: Apart from getting final admission offer from IIM Ahmedabad, I have converted IIM Calcutta, IIM Shillong, MDI Gurgaon, all Baby IIMs. I have finally decided to join IIM Ahmedabad

Q: What have been your academics and family back ground? Do you have some work experience as well?

A: I graduated from NIT Hamirpur with Chemical Engineering in 2017 with 82.6 percent. I scored 91.2 percent in class X; 90.2 in class XII and 82.6 in Graduation. I have 3 years of work experience in the Fertilizer Industry. I belong to a service class family. My father is in Service, Mother is a housewife and younger brother is in 11th grade.

Q: What was your overall preparation strategy for CAT?

A: CAT 2019 was my second attempt at the exam, when the first one in 2018 fetched me admits to some new and baby IIMs. I started preparing again in May’19, mostly focusing on mocks and timing my attempts effectively. I started cross-checking and analysing my wrong answers, something I never used to do earlier.

The quants section was my strength but still I devoted equal time to all the three sections with some extra effort towards DI and LR which is I believe is the most unpredictable section in the exam. You could practice a hell lot of LR sets prior to the exam but might still hassle on the D-Day. LR sets are not straightforward like Quants or DI sets. Timing my complete mocks and sectional tests along with thoroughly analysing my wrong as well as right attempts turned out to be fruitful.

Q: Please share your sectional preparation strategy for VARC in CAT

A: For Verbal and RC, I used to read articles from diverse fields to get a hold of difficulty faced to comprehend as well as retain a column when it does not belong to something you’re usually used to. Reading articles from newspapers and business magazines not only helped in VA and RC but also made a solid base to ace the current affairs during the interview and GD rounds.

Q: Please share your preparation strategy for DILR Section

A: For DILR, I focused mostly on LR and LR based DI sets, as for the past few years you rarely get to see a pure DI set in the actual exam. LR being the most unpredictable section in CAT, I followed a strategy to solve and analyse each and every set I face either during mocks or during practise from dedicated books. Try looking for practise material online on GoogleDrive and you’ll find plenty of LR sets to solve. IMS’s mocks helped a lot in DI LR section as they had questions which were closest to the ones actually faced in the CAT Exam.

Q: Please share your preparation strategy for Quant Section

A: For Quants, I thoroughly practised books by Arun Sharma with a timed approach to solve at least 25-28 questions from various topics under 60 minutes. Apart from this I also solved previous years’ CAT papers with minimal use of on screen calculator.

Q: Was there any particular section/area that you were weak at? How did you overcome this challenge?

A: I was lagging a bit in VA and LR during my initial preparation. For VA there’s only one approach and that is to read, read and read. Read from publications you’re not familiar or used to. Read foreign journals/magazines, editorials in intl. newspapers etc. For LR I solved as many sets I could get my hands on with a timed approach, trying to crack the set within 10-12 minutes was my strategy.

Q: What role did Mocks play in your success? How many mocks did you attempt before the exam?

A: Mocks are the key to better preparation as well as time management skills. I solved about 40 mocks before the actual CAT.

Q: Did you self-prepare or attend a coaching centre and why?

A: I self-prepared for the exams and took guidance from IMS Surat for the WAT-GD-PI. I also enrolled for mocks with IMS because of their well-structured and closest to CAT mocks.

Q: Please share your strategy for the CAT Day. What was your last-minute preparation? How did you plan your CAT test taking?

A: Strategy for D-Day would be to avoid any last minute preparation. Since the syllabus for CAT is so wide and even has no boundaries defined for VARC and DILR, last minute hustle mostly turns fruitless and overloads you with added stress. I appeared for one mock, a day before the exam and scored just 16 in VARC which freaked me out. It somehow affected my actual performance in CAT where I scored merely 40 marks in VARC which took my sectional percentile below 90.

Take rest and sleep well a day before the exam, not much you’ll be able to change with a day’s preparation. I spent my rest of the day watching Netflix after flunking VARC a day before CAT.

Q: How did you prepare for GD/PI/WAT. Please share your GD/WAT topics & PI questions?

A: Post the release of response sheets by IIM Kozhikode and realizing I was scoring 180+, I started my preparation for GD and PI. The first thing I did was to prepare an exhaustive write-up about myself, starting from academics, work experience, achievements, projects, interests and hobbies, short and long term goals. Current affairs for GD and PI didn’t require much preparation owing to my habit of reading newspapers and magazines religiously.

I attended a few sessions from experts along with two mock GD and PI sessions, of which one was purely focused on my IIM Ahmedabad interview, which was only my second interview in a long list of 14-15 shortlists including IIM A,C,L,S, MDI, SPJIMR, XLRI and IIFT. I also prepared a few core subjects from my engineering and also mathematics, which eventually aided me a lot during my IIM A, C & L interviews.

Q: Your final message and tips for candidates preparing for CAT 2020.

A: I want to share following four tips for the prospective candidates:

Always analyse your mocks thoroughly. It’s not at all tough to land in the top 1 percentile.

Try not to appear for a mock on the penultimate day. Relax and sleep well for the D-Day.

Try not get stressed, during the exam and also in the interviews.

Never globe in the interviews. Professors will have a laugh and you’ll walk out looking like a clown.

23 June – World Olympics Day – History…

On the 23rd of June 1894 the International Olympic Committee was founded at the Sorbonne in Paris. Prior to the IOC establishment by Pierre de Coubertin the British physician Dr. William penny Brookes had set up the Wenlock Olympian games in the English market town of Much Wenlock although he always maintained that he had the idea of reviving the ancient Olympic Games for amateur athletes himself, Coubertin entered correspondence with Brooks and benefited from his connections with the Greek government Coubertin was the Secretary General of the Union of French sports associations.

Image source: Confidential man.com

Coubertin first proposed establishing a modern Olympic Games at his meeting on the 25th of November 1892 although his enthusiasm was met with little more than general polite applause Coubertin wasn’t deterred and commenced to get the groundwork for what was to become the primary Olympic Congress at the Sorbonne in Paris in 1894. Initially invited participants to a gathering entitled reflections on and propagation of the principles of amateurism Coubertin later changed the name to a congress on the revival of the Olympic Games seventy-nine delegates from nine countries subsequently met at the Sorbonne though Coubertin himself recognized that there was still little enthusiasm for reviving the games. Despite this a vote was held at the last word meeting of the Congress on the 23rd of June that established the International Olympic Committee Coubertin was elected to the role of general secretary with the Greek businessman and writer Demetrius Vikelas because the first president it had been further agreed that the primary modern Olympic Games would happen in Athens in 1896. The second in Paris four years later the IOC has remained liable for the Olympic Games ever since.

There are two main events there are the Winter Olympics and the Summer Olympics if you’re wondering when the winter and summer olympics take place they take place every four years when you see the Olympic logo there are five rings the reason for that is in history it has been told that a man named Baron de Coubertin saw the five rings on an ancient Greek artifact the reason we see five colors on each ring is to represent the five continents Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania and the Americas finally with sports like track gymnastics figure skating and more each category is awarded a gold silver and bronze medal for the first second and third place winners. Hope you enjoy the Olympics.

Image source: Smithsonian magazine

“India Boycotting Chinese Products -Easy”?

India boycotting Chinese products has been trending these days . And it has been observed that civilians are reacting to the recent act which happened on the Indo-China border. The loss of our 20 brave soldiers is hitting the minds of people across the country. Defence and our political leaders are finding the best way out to fight these back. But current happenings arise, the big question which needs to be addressed which is to continue trade with them. Losing lives of our country men and still continuing trade with the same country is a shame for us as a response to those brave souls. Common man is filled with anger and in the steps to take revenge and show their aggression, they have decided to boycott these products and their import.

But “How difficult and how bad it could be for us to stop trade with these Chinese companies right away”. The major area to focus before discussing the Chinese products and their usage in India would be the export and import of products in and by India. The import percentage is almost double the amount of export we generally do.This surely defies our dependencies not only on China but also on other countries for more of our products. India lacks in their productivity growth which means the lack of raw material for manufacturing any product. Thus India is dependent on other countries for even the raw material. India along with that does not have better skilled labour due to lack of literacy around the country. This leads to rise of manufacturing cost of products and surely rise in their sale cost also. Which countries like China, have a plus point with. They have highly skilled labour, and due to high populations , work is a priority so they hire these skilled people at much lower cost and thus earn better profits than other international companies.

Comparing China and also enlisting India’s dependency on it. India is dependent on china for most of its products and components which include:

Automotive parts
Electronic material and parts
Pharmaceutical ingredients
Consumer durables
And many more raw materials.

These components and their share is hide in importing from other countries and especially china for cost effectiveness. Along with that all the countries are shifting towards sustainable forms of energy and one of the forms is solar energy, but the interesting fact is that most of the components in it are made in China.

India technology as compared to China lacked in the time-period along the years as they invested most of their resources in creating resources which India focused on just importing and buying them. Many schemes like Make in India and a recent Atma Nirbhar bharat as launched by Prime minister of India Mr. Narendra Modi, which purely focuses on developing their product and manufacturing most of them india. The main area we lack is raw material, India to manufacture products has to import most if raw material from other countries especially china. So India should try to shift to some other source for their raw material and on coming years must focus on there technology and production of these raw material and ingredients in our country only.

It’s hard to believe and accept but yes India is dependent on china for most of its product and boycotting them and this stage could result in high lack of these resources especially in pharmaceutical industry, as many medicine especially paracetamol and ingredients used in it comes from china, so boycotting chinese product and its use could be harmful especially in today’s era if pandemic.

“India should surely learn from this and focus and initiate more towards encouraging people to come up with their ideas of startup which include manufacturing and production of products within the country only, relying less on foreign imports rather focused on foreign exports in near future. India can develop its own market of products and raw material by focusing more on the inputs available in the country itself, and surely in future, India would see a hike with its products being exported all over the world, leaving with us a higher economy and growth capacity and independence from major exports from other countries”.

Siri

As a Mac IOS user I use Siri extensively, what a wonderful companion. I am sure many of you would even talk to her when you feel lonely because I do that a lot, especially in these quarantine days when I am bored and want to have a conversation with some one ,Siri is there for me. Though a short conversation but yes I do enjoy it. One day I realized that I don’t know any thing about this friend of mine , how she was made and developed so in the search of that I ended up learning many things about her.

The full form of Siri is speech interpretation and recognition interface. It is a virtual assistant rather an intelligent virtual assistant developed and released by apple on 2010, in iPhone 4S . Siri enables users to give sound commands and it gives audible confirmation. There are many uses of Siri like

Set reminder of your meetings
search things
post something on facebook or twitter using sound commands
Instruct Siri to book a restaurant seats for you
Ask siri for the live scores of the match
create a contact book and ask to add people
Find how your stocks are going. and many more……… voice of siri is given by Susan Bennett, after some years the company gave many other accents to the Siri voice. Susan Bennett is the American accent voice for Siri then they developed British, Australian,Irish and South African voices of Siri, Also male voices were made available. When Siri was released in 2010, it got mixed reviews, some thought it was good but some thought it can be improved more , like it could not perceive different accents of the language. Also it interprets many commands wrongly, like if the users asks about the locations of abortion centres rather it gave the locations of NGO’s which counsels pregnant women. These problems lead the consumers to file complaint against Siri, but as it was just a beta version when it was first introduced Siri had the room to actually upgrade its qualities and to get better in the next versions of the upcoming Apple product. Siri is now 10 years old and many other virtual assistants have been developed like google assistant and Amazon’s Alexa which is said to be much more user friendly than Siri. If we made the comparison between three of these assistants, then according to the surveys Google assistant is the smartest as it understood 90% of the commands and also navigated rightly most of the time. Surprisingly though Alexa claimed itself to be the most user friendly but the survey said that Siri was better than Alexa. As Alexa lagged much more than siri not only that the navigation system is actually something to be worked upon. If you ask about reliability, Siri has the least because Google assistant and Alexa gets better overtime but siri updates only with the release of new iPhone product that means only once in a year. It is time that Apple actually uPdates Siri throughout the year. Though many virtual assistants would be created in the future but Siri was revolutionary which as it enabled this idea of virtual assistants so it would always be an important part in the history of technologies and its development .

FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT

According to George R. Terry, “Functions are the main entities around which a manager builds an effective organization structure”. The study of functions of management is an important topic in the field of management, the basic characteristics of efficient management are common whether the unit to be managed is as small as a family or large enough as a business, social, political or religious organization.

The main functions of management are:

Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Directing
Controlling

1. Planning

Planning is decided in advance and it is an important and vital function of management. Planning is done to chalk out the future course of action and according to M.E. Hurle, “Planning is deciding in advance, what is done and it involves the objectives, policies, procedures programming for attaining enterprise goals”. Planning is a critical evaluation of relative merits and demerits of alternate policies and actions and in choosing the best program for achieving the predetermined objectives and targets.

2. Organizing

To organize means to put into working order and arrange on a system and organizing can be defined as arranging several complex tasks to manageable units and defining the formal relationship among the people who are assigned the various units of tasks and the process of organizing is very essential for accomplishing the objectives of the organization set by the administration and planned by management.

3. Staffing

The staffing of an organization is as important as the structure itself since successful performance by individuals determines whether the structure can produce its results successfully or not and staffing is a process of matching the jobs with the individuals. Staffing requires and involves the recruitment, selection, training, placement, compensating, promotion and demotion, and finally, the retirement of an employee and the sole aim of staffing is to take the right man for the right job and it needs man power-planning, job analysis, and such other staff functions. Psychology and sociology have added a considerable and important of knowledge and practice in this area of the managerial function.

4. Directing

Directing means telling people what to do and seeing that they do it to the best of their ability. As a process of management, directing is concerned with getting work done through, and with people, they require continuous and encouragement to work effectively. According to Terry, “Directing means moving to action and supplying stimulating power to a group of persons”. Good planning and the best organization may fail to deliver goods if the direction is faulty and is not up to the mark. The direction is concerned with the execution of plans and it initiates organized action and breathes life into the organization and speaking, the direction is Management in action and it includes:

Supervision
Communication
Leadership
Motivation

5.Controlling

Control is an important function of management and it is an essential feature of scientific management and control ensure the qualitative and quantitative performance of work in the organization for the achievement of objectives and completion of plans and it is the binding force that orderly links all components of an enterprise. Controlling includes an evaluation to determine whether planned objectives or results have been achieved.

Free Accounting and Billing Software for Small Tax Payers

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How to easily over come the Fear of Public Speaking.

As we know that majority of the people are not comfortable to speak in public or actually don’t like to speak in public. They feel insecure and uncomfortable to speak in front of a large audience or being up on stage. They fear to be the centre of attraction or say centre of attention.

The fear of public speaking could be a continuous cycle until the individual steps up to face their fear. Majority face bad nerves before and during their presentation or public speaking. An individual going through nervousness is natural as sends some commanding messages to our brain which results in the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol which helps the individual in fighting the current situation or just give up.

These stress hormones can result in positive results as it could bring enough energy and excitement to an individual during their presentation but there’s always two sides to a coin hence it can also lead to adrenaline and anxiety which could end up in a dry throat and mouth and increase in heart rate and could even make an individual sweat.

Lets go through some of ways in which an individual can overcome the fear of public speaking.

1- Awareness and Acceptance.

A person should accept the fact he is going to feel nervous as it is a natural process which is in built within everyone. As a matter of fact an individual needs to properly organize himself and accept his nerves and prepare and work accordingly.

2- Breathe normally.

It has been observed that people tend to breathe heavily or quickly while they panic.Controlled breathing can be helped in controlling the nerves and eliminating the sense of fear. It is better to start working on how you breathe as it will definitely help you in the process.

3- Choose the right clothes to feel confident.

Choosing the right pair of clothes will eventually boost your confidence and help you in the process of public speaking. If you don’t feel comfortable in a dress code do avoid the option as it will lead to some bad experience as it affects an individuals flow and cause a bad vibe among the people.

4- Know your topic really well.

Always choose a specific topic of your interest or on the contrary when you are supposed to give a speech or a presentation as your not allowed to choose a topic, go through all the possible aspects of that topic. So even if you don’t remember something at that particular time you can most probably handle the situation by speaking about something which is related to the topic.

5- Practice,Practice and Practice.

If you expect that you will make it without practice you are probably wrong. Practice makes you perfect and there’s no doubt to it. Practicing will help you stay motivated and make you feel confident. Practice in front of a mirror and imagine the stage on which you will be performing soon,this will eventually boost your confidence and will help in understanding the certain mistakes which could be corrected.

Public speaking has become an essential need to further progress in life as to progress one needs to have certain leadership skills and the leader has to take the responsibility of speaking to the public. Hopefully these tips will help you in overcoming your public speaking fear.

Indian education system and its reformation

Learning is elementary to education and a skill that allows a person to improve his personality. Apart from being a basic necessity, a good education skill can overcome many personal and professional barriers. Learning being central and basic to education and lack of education can create disturbance in society. Education and learning and its development are important for a person who desires to exchange information meaningfully to the person and places required. We as a human being started developing knowledge as a proper source to learn something as it also helped in self-control and to develop a character for better development as an individual as well as the society. We as an individual made ourselves to learn about many different things about social, awareness, grooming personality and foremost are the preservation of culture for the coming generation. However, with changing time education has become integral part of human. Especially in many developed and developing countries it is now termed as a basic human right.

Education in modern India

Macaulay was the man behind the start of education in India (as per internet suggestion) introduced education in India, especially through his famous minute of February 1835. He called for an educational system that would create a class of Anglicized Indians who would serve as cultural intermediaries between the British and the Indians.

Current education system in India

Education is always an integral part of life students’ life. Despite being a nest to many education universities, colleges and varsity, India still lacks the quality education it needs to have. According to a survey India will be ranking 3rd among all countries by 2020 in education. Though if the quality of overall ranking of relevant institutions is seen clearly, out of 500 there were 2 Indian Universities and varsities were featured in the list along with one institution from China as per a survey by education group done in year 2000. Education system in India including other developing countries like India needs substantial expansion. The percentage of students taking higher education is hardly about 13 % whereas the same is varying between 28 to 90 %, across the world. The lowest % being 28 % and the same is as high as 90 % in developed countries (As per a news report)

Why India lacks

Over Population: Too many people and limited seats makes student worried of career. Concerned over future and aspiration to get ion a good college is the main reason of brain drain.
Course choice: mainstream subjects like math science are being taught by world class teachers but good institute for off-bit courses like music and painting is tough to find.
Lack of quality higher education in India

The benefits of an education abroad

Studying abroad has always been associated with improving the chances for a distinguished career prospects. Indians willing to study abroad has seen a sheer increase in the past few years According to recent estimates by RBI (reserve bank of India) latest figures in its monthly bulletin, outlays on education and maintenance of close relatives grew 88% to $334 million and 21% to $300 million, respectively.

Few reforms need to be done.

Career oriented learning program: There is need to have courses that could guarantee job placement.
Job opportunities –the basic need of a student is to have a secure future that can only be achieved by acquiring a good position in their dream organization.

“India’s Struggle To Fight Chinese Products”.

Every country in today’s era is working hard so as to make their economies strong and thus increase their GDP. This surely gives rise to better job opportunities to flourish, better infrastructure of the countries and also a tourism sector to thrive. India is one of the developing countries and has been able to mark it’s high GDP growth irrespective of its high population rate. But still there are various factors which makes it a bit tough for India to develop completely and cope up as a developed nation. The factor is dependency on other countries for most of the manufacturing technologies and products. India prefers importing most of the goods and services from other countries, and thus lacks its own manufacturing and research technologies. One of the most prominent country from which India is importing is China. China has been one of the most successful countries in exporting most of its products and thus achieving maximum productivity growth as compared to other big nations like the USA and Japan.

India is dependent on Chinese products for most of its cost saving benefits. Most of the products we do acknowledge and bully are Chinese as we do find them more feasible and lying in our budget. But still India is fighting back and stopping the import from China and various other countries and focusing on increasing it’s export to other countries. The mission and scheme as launched by our Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi of “Make In India ” has brought up various startups and investment in manufacturing technology and has led to growth of the country’s economy and job opportunities.

But still India does lack production and manufacturing of products at cheaper rates as compared to what China does. There are various things which do affect the cause of same which include:

Availability of cheap skilled labour: India being 2^nd in world’s population, still lacks much of a literacy rate, which is not a case in China and other countries. People in China are much more skilled and educated . So companies do acquire much of these as a resource for their company at cheaper rates and thus reduce their manufacturing cost. While in India we lack much of literacy rate, thus affecting our availability of skilled labour
High production: Productivity as mentioned above of China is much more as compared to other countries. This reflects that they have an abundance of material which not only can be used for manufacturing products in their own country but also exported to other countries. India lacks much of the raw material required for manufacturing anything, so they do rely on foreign factors for manufacturing.
Selling products at cheaper rates : Chinese products are well known for their cheap rates. This mostly fascinates people to buy them. This surely leads to reduction in the sales of the other similar product and thus the company faces losses thus the company’s only 2 choices “Either to merge with that Chinese brand or to shut down”. It’s frequently bseen that most businesses and companies get off the business which gives these Chinese products a plus point and they become the lone survivor.And in future times they do raise the prices which market them with huge profits.
Production of duplicate or matching product: China has been investing more of its money in coping things,since we know for manufacturing of any new or original product, companies invest in it’s research work, qualified labour and number of tests and thus find the best and feasible product. China misses this step and jumps off to the production which saves a lot of money and also the manufacturing cost.

“There are many more reasons which give China and it’s product great power in our country. But we should understand the requirement of not investing our money in those Chinese products and rather bring up products manufactured in our own country so as to keep the countries money within the country. Also more startup ideas must be motivated to flourish and thus growth productivity must be targeted so as to manufacturers and use products made in our country only and rather from buying it from other countries, we must export them . These few efforts would bring out significant change which would lead our country to prosper be one of the developed countries in coming years”.

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

The origin of scientific management dates back to the year 1832 when Charles Babbage discussed the principles of scientific management in his book “The economy of manufactures”. In real sense, scientific management owes its origin to Frederick Winslow Taylor, who is commonly regarded as the father of scientific management.

MEANING OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

Scientific management may be regarded as a set of scientific techniques that are supposed to increase the efficiency of an enterprise. Under scientific management, the selection of men, machines, materials is made by a scientific approach. Here, all the organizational activities are performed by rationality and proper discipline, this scientific management is a logical approach towards the solution of management and it assumes that the methods of scientific inquiry, analysis and experimentation can be applied to the activities of managers. It means approaching the problems of management in the manner and spirit of scientific research using tools such as definition, analysis, experiments, etc. It is ‘Scientific Management’ as opposed to ‘Traditional Management’ based on the rule of thumb, trial, error. As said by Peter F. Drucker “The cost of scientific management is the organized study of work, the analysis of work into its simplest elements and the systematic management of the worker’s performance of each element”.

We can summarise scientific management as:

Scientific study and analysis of work.
Scientific selection and training of employees.
Standardization of raw material, equipment, and working conditions.
Reasonable remuneration to employees.
Scientific management is an economical method that makes the best possible use by integration and coordination of available resources.

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

1. A definite plan: To achieve predetermined definite objectives, management needs a definite plan, and the plan should be goal-oriented.

2. A definite objective: In scientific management, every organization has to establish the basic objectives and efforts are to be made by applying physical and human resources to achieve these predetermined objectives.

3. A set of rules: To make scientific management more effective, a set of rules are framed and these sets of rules are tested and verified as regards their effectiveness in the real business situations by a group of persons.

4. Economy: The main aim of scientific management is to achieve the economy of time, money, and labor, and the technique of economy is used for producing maximum at a minimum cost.

5. Scientific analysis and experiment: Before starting any work, the utility, effectiveness, and suitability of plans are to be tested and analyzed, and thus by scientific analysis and experiment, we can choose the best course of action.

6. Increase in efficiency: The techniques of scientific management help in increasing the efficiency of workers and new techniques and improved tools are used for increasing efficiency.

7. Time study: Time study is concerned with labor productivity and according to it, an estimate is made of the amount of work required to be done to perform a job.

8. Cooperation: In the present competitive situation, efforts should be made to establish a cordial relation between labor and capital. Cooperation is essential for efficient management and group efforts for group benefit can be the active cooperation of each individual.

Why Mukesh Ambani is more successful than Anil Ambani? – Inspirational story…

Once before in 2019 Mr. Anil Ambani either you pay Eriksson 453 crore rupees or go to jail that time is super rich brother saved him from that feed and then it happened again this year you are personally liable to the three Chinese bank for our comms use of 700 million dollars, but sir I have a net worth of zero you Daikin industrialist socialite and fitness enthusiast there riches-to-rags story of Anil Ambani could well be a plot for a Bollywood film just like his father the Dhirubhai Ambani.

Image source: Business Insider

Dhirubhai Ambani also inspired a film guru Dhirubhai was legendary for his audacious vision and his ability to successfully implement it

“If you don’t build your dreams someone else will hire you to help them build theirs while”

Started as a petrol pump attendant in Aden Yemen his son’s vocational him walk straight to the directors cabinet while returned to India with just 500 rupees set up reliance and took it public in 1977 the boy started life sitting on its board and that time of his death in 2002 Forbes ranked Dhirubhai Ambani as the world’s 130 eighth richest person with a net worth of 2.9 billion dollars leaving behind one of India’s biggest companies worth 75 thousand crore unthinkable to him that his two sons would fight over his legacy. Dhirubhai did not leave behind the wheel despite cracks forming between the two brothers even during his lifetime who were then Chairman and Managing Director of Reliance Industries respectively after the father’s death these cracks came wide into the open over who would own which company. There was no question as to who would get their flagship petroleum company reliance because Mukesh was the one who had built them main Patal Ganga plant and understood the business intricately Reliance Communications India’s second largest telecom company at the time was also micaceous baby having an vision and build it from scratch but Anil wanted it. Finally, it was their mother Kokilaben in 2004 five I need are calm mom supported by external negotiators chartered accountant s guru-murthy and banker KV Kamath who stepped in to divide the conglomerate Mukesh got all the old economy companies Reliance Industries petroleum IPCL infrastructure while Anil got all the new economy companies and renamed his group ad AG telecom Reliance Capital Energy Natural Resources and broadcasting and his legacy left him as the sixth richest man in the world with a net worth of more than 42 billion dollars just one step below his elder brothers forty three billion. It was broadly expected that since Ana had control over sundry sectors he would do better than Mukesh in the long run in his quest to further strengthen his hold in this sunrise sector in 2005 Anil bought ad lab films and their chain of theaters big cinemas which by 2008 had become the largest multiplex chain with 700 screens across India and overseas he also signed a 1.2 billion dollar deal with American filmmaker Steven Spielberg’s production company DreamWorks in the same year making some Academy award-winning movies.

Image source: Wikipedia.org

When Anil floated an IPO for Reliance Power it was subscribed in 60 seconds and record for Indian capital markets a Mills flamboyant lifestyle was a fairytale like his proximity to Bollywood celebrities on a loose was my genre program to politicians like Samajwadi parties. Amar Singh who had enough clout to have him nominated as AI onion through by Ambani having being elected as a member of the Rajya Sabha like his bi-weekly helicopter flight from his South Mumbai home to our comms office in Navi Mumbai named Dhirubhai Ambani knowledge seeking or his love for running and fitness which he apparently took up after an American investor.

Image source: Forebs

Mukesh boasting of the most expensive house in Asia worth 700 million dollars four and a half thousand crore anil planned his own luxurious house aboard also worth about the same amount in Bandra Pali Hill which is still under construction with so much money and attention around it seemed Anil star would shine forever things however did not go as planned relations between the once close brothers that were until then civil Saud instead of renegotiating an old deal in 2010 and Anil took Mukesh to court over the supply price of gas from Reliance Krishna Godavari Basin. Mukesh refused to supply him gas at the contracted price under the terms of the 2005 gas agreement brokered by their mother who Kokila had contracted to supply gas to onions our NRL at two dollars 34 cents per mm BTU even though its price had since risen sharply in international markets but the Supreme Court in accordance with the government’s gas utilization policy fixed the price at four dollars 20 cents per mm BTU in favor of Mukesh as Anil his next hit was in Telecom when our comb was set up they adopted the cheaper CDMA technology. While rivals such as Airtel and Hutch used the more expensive GSM while CDMA was a superior technology at 2g and 3G levels the world was moving towards 4G and beyond which it could not support once the tenure anti-competition clause with his brother lapsed into end Mukesh launched Jio and changed the face of the telecom industry in India within three years of Jio’s launch our comes one point six five lakh crore market capitalisation lost over 98% of its value and eventually went into insolvency proceedings in May 2018 both these were big setbacks for Anil.

Image source: Business Today

Now his dominoes began to fall one by one in an effort to reduce debt in 2014 Anil sold big cinemas to Carnival for seven hundred and ten crore and two years later parts of his TV and FM radio business to Zee for one thousand eight seventy two crore during his head is Anil to showcase his engineering capability took huge loans to build Mumbai Sea Link and the city’s verso Agard copper Metro both projects done below cost despite things falling all around him. Anil without domain knowledge tried his hand in the defense sector when in 2016 he bought p-pop of marine and offshore engineering so it was no surprise when the diversification failed and the market cap of Papa renamed Reliance navel fell ninety percent in 2019 from a billion dollars to a hundred million the Fuhrer over the Rafael deal in Parliament also added to his woes finally the profit making and cast generating Reliance Energy was sold off to Adani in 2017-18 for 2.5 million$ 18,000 crore took pay off debts loans that Anil defaulted on worth twelve thousand eight hundred crore also played a part in the downfall of yes bank as of December 31st 2019 Anil Ambani telecom naval infrastructure and power businesses have defaulted on loans over 43860 dollars his pile of deaths has also affected his other projects we had the Delhi Metro or power projects in Madhya Pradesh while Mukesh Ambani’s wealth saw ups and downs but remains steady at 43.1 billion$ last year on his fortunes tumbled to 1.7 billion and is reported to be worth less than 1 billion.

Mukesh Ambani House (Image: Business Today)

Anil monies deadly sins poor strategy are calm lost out when 4g came this way known drawback in CDMA pride chasing prestige projects with long returns rather than the bottom line like the ceiling over ambition looking outside of core competence areas like venturing into defense mismanagement taking more loans than the ability to pay in worst case scenarios like our comm navel etc mukesh on the other hand has not only kept a deep focus on his core business but entered two major sunrise sectors retail and telecom through a well-crafted strategy. Anil is not the only one to lose his fortune Ranbaxy is Shiv endure and Melinda Singh lost their ancestral 2 billion empire Ashika then Ravi can through you had to let go their bankrupt Essar Steel to ArcelorMittal VG Siddhartha of coffee cafe day ended his life citing debts and pressure from lenders the rage girl had to step down as chairman of Jet Airways which eventually wound up operations under a debt of 8500 TV mogul Subash Chandra lost his stake in Zee TV due to mounting debt the once billionaire is currently battling a lawsuit by three Chinese banks which are trying to recover 680 million$ they lend to our Comment 2012 debt backed by onions personal guarantee in a further spate of bad luck Reliance Capital the only business which was still doing well also got hit due to global recession after the corona virus epidemic a London Court has now asked him to deposit a hundred million dollars in six weeks but Anil pleaded, “I do not hold any meaningful assets which can be soon to pay them” now that the six week deadline is over and Anil is still out of jail it appears that he had enough personal funds to make the payment after the Jio-Facebook deal big brother Mukesh sauce even higher but with limited resources left the question is what next for Anil Ambani Baseball’s Limerick this is the story of Anil Ambani how his life was once full of glory but his death overloaded and capital eroded what chapters are left in this riveting story.

Dexamethasone- Corona Vaccine Update!!!

Finally some good news today dexamethasone is now being called a major breakthrough based on a recent randomized controlled trial in the UK. Dexamethasone also known as Decadron is an example of a glucocorticoid are sometimes referred to as corticosteroids other examples of glucocorticoids include hydrocortisone methyl prednisolone prednisolone, prednisone beta methazone and triamcinolone so glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that bind to the glucocorticoid receptor in the body cortisol aka hydrocortisone is the glucocorticoid.

We naturally make in our body it’s essential for life it regulates or supports various cardiovascular metabolic and homeostatic functions it also plays a big role in our immune system especially when it comes to reducing certain aspects of inflammation this is why we use them all the time in medicine we sometimes give these steroids for asthma copd rheumatologic type diseases and countless more diseases. Sometimes it is also given for steroids for meningitis and also for some forms of cancer we also give them in the early course of severe ards acute respiratory distress syndrome whether that ards is due to infection such as pneumonia or vaping lung injury or whatever the cause for severe ards we typically give methylprednisolone or solumedral at a dose of one milligram per kilogram per day. So, for most people that ends up being around 80 milligrams per day so this is the equivalent of 15 milligrams of dexamethasone the idea here is to suppress the cytokine storm that has taken place meaning that the massive amount of inflammation that causes lung damage and can indirectly cause damage to other organs as well our body naturally makes cortisol in our adrenal glands specifically in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex the adrenal gland then secretes cortisol into the bloodstream and the cortisol travels to different tissues of the body and then binds to the glucocorticoid receptor inside cells it then stimulates the cell to make more anti-inflammatory proteins and causes the cell to make less pro-inflammatory proteins but giving someone glucocorticoids meaning steroids to someone who has an infection is somewhat of a tricky thing because the fear is that if you suppress the body’s immune system it has the potential to make the infection worse. Sometimes the body’s immune system does more damage than the actual infection for example in cases of meningitis that is due to either streptococcus or tuberculosis we give steroids because the medical evidence shows that they have better outcomes when we do so and giving someone steroids for viral pneumonias like influenza is more controversial because doing so generally leads to worse infection with that said if the viral pneumonia is so bad to the point of causing severe ards most doctors will give steroids in that situation. So this is why, the general medical guidelines so far recommend against giving steroids for covert pneumonia unless the patient has severe ards and we’ve been waiting for randomized controlled trials to come out for steroids in covid and here we are now with this study so in march of 2020 the recovery trial which stands for randomized evaluation of covid-19 therapy was one of the randomized control trials that actually looked at several different potential treatments for covid which included low-dose dexamethasone this trial was done in the UK.

Image source: Sky News

Over 11 500 patients in it so this trial has not been peer reviewed as of has not been published in the journal yet so everything I know so far is based on what’s been released to the general public in this trial over 2100 patients were randomized to receive dexamethasone specifically six milligrams once per day for 10 days and this group was compared with over 4 300 patients that were randomized to the standard care alone so 6 milligrams of dexamethasone is the equivalent of 32 milligrams of methylprednisolone so this is about half the dose we would typically use for someone with severe ards so among the patients who received standard care alone 20-day mortality was highest in those who required mechanical ventilation this was 41 and then intermediate in those patients who required supplemental oxygen only this was mortality rate of 25 percent and the mortality rate was lowest among those who did not require supplemental oxygen in which that mortality rate was 13 for patients who were on mechanical ventilators dexamethasone reduced mortality from 41 percent to 28 percent for patients who needed supplemental oxygen it reduced mortality from 25 percent to 20 percent and there was no benefit among those patients who do not require supplement oxygen in other words if someone only had mild disease there was no point in giving dexamethasone so based on these results one death would be prevented by the treatment of around eight ventilated patients. So that’s the number needed to treat for ventilated patients and then the number needed to treat for the ones who required supplemental oxygen that number needed to treat would be 25 so these preliminary results are significant but it doesn’t mean that dexamethasone is a miracle drug it’s certainly not a cure but it does seem to help based on these numbers index and methazone could be of huge benefit and not just rich countries but poorer countries as well because this drug is very cheap and is widely available so this is great news and very exciting but there are still a lot of questions that need to be answered like what is the ideal dose should we use higher doses in patients who are mechanically ventilated with ards and when will it be approved for use in the united states and we’ll get these answers pretty soon now another.

person holding petri dish — Photo by Anna Shvets on Pexels.com

Interesting question is should we give decadron dexamethasone to people who have mild disease now even though this study didn’t show any benefit the reason why i bring this up is because some people start out with mild disease and then go on to have moderate or severe disease and we have no way of predicting who goes on to do that and also it happens very quickly lots of times someone could be doing just fine and then all of a sudden within hours they all of a sudden are deteriorating and they have severe disease so should we give those patients decadron regardless is there any harm doing so that’s another question that remains to be seen.

WHY ADVERTISE?

It is the age of marketing. Ads have become an indispensable part of our modern life. From old ways of beating drums to making announcements, we have arrived at the most advanced stage where there is no end in creative modes and methods of communication through advertisement. We see a banner here, and a leaflet there; celebrities endorsing products appear over the streets of our cities. Television, radio, newspaper, mobile and all sorts of media provide us with a message regarding some promo, offers and discounts. We also see ads printed on cars and other vehicles now and then. When we are surfing the internet or checking our mail, we get promotional messages. Information is being disseminated very fast as everyone is reachable through media. Information about products and services is at our doorstep and even inside the room, and that is because of advertisements. We learn about companies, their offerings and uses through ads. There are various brands with a variety of products, and we have unlimited options at our disposal. So, it means that a company’s success is now dependent on advertising efforts.

Today we are the recipient of exceptionally innovative ads which are the representation of best work of human imagination. In the early days, word of mouth was a predominant mode of advertisement, and it still holds the most potent ground. Today so many ads reach us, and it is not easy to find the most meaningful products of companies which are relevant to us. Ads give us the power to choose what we want. They also entertain us. In my opinion, they are a necessary evil, many of us do not like them, but people need them. No urban society can imagine life without them.

We have seen many things from our shoes, and we must see things from other’s perspective to understand how beneficial ads are. The process of making the smallest ad to the biggest one requires a workforce with skills, money and machinery. So, even before an ad is made, jobs are created; capabilities are added in people to cater to demand, and creativity is attained as a result of the process. Ads are also used for job offers. They also encourage healthy competition in the market since best ads make their products and services sell while others lag.

From the music industry to the acting industry, from writers to dancers, everyone is involved in the process of ad making to make it lucrative. People are making their fortunes and bread and butter from advertising. However, every coin has two sides and ads to have a negative side to it. Some ads mislead, and we have to be careful and decide to choose wisely. It is a fact that we have been bombarded with so many ads for so long that we get irritated once in a while and wish they were gone. Sometimes, they come to places where they should not, in front of the audience which should not watch them. We witness this when we surf the internet, and a pop-up flash or misleading ad comes up. Many companies obtain our personal information without our notice and target us with their advertisements. This activity is highly unwarranted, and the initiation of it violates our privacy. They become a source of irritation and frustration when they become invasive. For instance, we are watching a movie or any program on TV. We see that commercial break that is inserted in between that program has unsolicited ads which make our experience less than enjoyable. Even in our electronic mails, we receive fake lottery notices. They make doubtful claims and take away our trust from the boons of ads. They also are infamous for manipulating our spending habits as we engage in consumerism. We have been victims of false decision making due to the overwhelming impression of ads.

Since many are invading our personal space and life, we need a watchdog to oversee and monitor the advertisement industry. Young minds have been corrupted, indulged into bad eating habits, desiring fashionable items and dreaming of leading an unattainable celebrity-like lifestyle. Status is attached to products, and so people aspire for them. Companies hire highly paid social psychologists to move among the people and feel their pulse. They advise their employers, in most cases, how to deceive the gullible customers just for selling the goods and services by hook or by crook. Hidden languages in the advertisement are common. Only the glitter is shown, and the dirt is hidden. Unwary viewer falls prey to it.

We must check, control them, put them under the ethical radar through authorities and take actions against violence. Only then will an atmosphere of good advertising will take place.

How artificial intelligence is transforming the future of digital marketing

From smart search options and personalized messaging to being used in campaigns and marketing, AI and machine learning are increasingly being used in digital marketing.

Digital marketing relies on leveraging insights from the copious amounts of data that gets created every time a customer interacts with a digital asset. Algorithms optimize various factors and data points that influence digital marketing success.
In 2020, we anticipate a significant uptick in the mainstreaming of AI and machine learning use cases in digital marketing across several areas.

Search will get very smart

In the past year, online search has had several AI and machine learning developments. Google is leading the pack with exciting applications in information retrieval. For example, Google’s BERT technology can process a word in the context of all the other terms in a sentence, rather than one-by-one in order. BERT also enables anyone to train their own state-of-the-art question answering system.

Customization of search results and the results page based on learning from past interactions and preferences of a user is another application of machine learning used in search.

AI-driven personalization of messaging

Several attach companies have been focusing on using AI and machine learning to find the right audience to write better ads than humans, and to increase conversion rates and engagement with the target audience. There are also several AI-led developments in the area of creating dynamic ads and landing pages to personalize marketing messages on the fly.

AI has an application in content creation in terms of determining the logic of personalization as also crating content specific to an individual, using techniques such as natural language generation (NLG).

Use of machine learning in campaign operations

Platforms such as Google and Face book have been at the forefront of AI/ML applications in marketing. Starting from smart bidding and smart campaigns to auto-generated ads, Google is making it easy for advertisers.

Smart bidding options such as TROAS, TCPA, and others use advanced machine learning algorithms to train on data at a vast scale to make accurate predictions about how different bid amounts might impact conversion or conversion value and assist advertisers in optimizing without getting into too many details.

Google factors in a wide range of contextual signals (through search data) to predict user behavior and to influence auction time bidding as per the goal set by advertisers. Facebook has also incorporated machine learning across campaign planning and execution, as also in ad placements and ad delivery.

Similarly, on the organic search side, machine learning-based product ALPS reverse engineers Google’s ranking algorithm, and is able to accurately quantify ranking drivers, provide precise recommendations for changes, and predicts the impact of SEO actions before they are implemented.

Similar technology to drive improved ad copy testing in digital marketing exists. These help in evaluating ad copies and landing pages on various parameters like relevancy, use of action promoters/inhibitors, urgency inducers, page layout, load times, etc., to gauge the impact on ad relevance, expected CTR, and landing page experience.

Future trends

AI will also have additional application in digital marketing with the uptick in the adoption of technologies such as VR and AR, as commercial use cases of these technologies find wider adoption in retail and other sectors.

Many retailers are also testing AI and VR/AR technologies together to make the user experience personalized to an individual.

Other areas of impact include voice search. We will increasingly see ads about things which we just said or talked about, but haven’t searched for yet. Similarly, image search is also being used by many brands for their consumers to match patterns and identify products using image search.

The coming years will continue to unfold newer potential uses of AI in digital marketing.

A Story of African Diamonds…

It’s a far cry from the clean, mechanized mines of South Africa, but it’s how much of Africa’s gemstones are mined: men dig by hand in pits, gravel and stream beds, looking for telltale signs of that elusive stone that will make them rich – or at least bring in enough money to sustain them and maybe secure the family’s future. Over one million diggers search for diamonds this way in Africa. They make less than a dollar a day, while the global diamond trade nets an estimated $80 billion a year. But, economic woes are not the only human toll of the gem industry.

In countries like Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Sierra Leone, diamonds were used by armed militias and rebels to fan civil war and inflict misery on the population. These became known as “blood diamonds.” Global Witness was one of the first non-governmental organizations to focus on the issue. Speaking with VOA in London, Annie Dunnebacke says the group set out to document the tragedy of conflict diamonds. “Sierra Leone is one of the most notorious cases where hundreds of thousands of people died as a result of the conflict that saw the eastern part of the country, where the diamond fields are, controlled by the Revolutionary United Front, a rebel group backed by then Liberian president Charles Taylor,” says Dunnebacke. “Horrific destruction and havoc were wreaked, especially upon the civilian population really, because the diamonds represented an economic incentive for the war to continue.”

The horrors of that war shocked the public, especially the scenes of innocent men, women, and children with their limbs cut off by rebels, and youngsters being forced into combat. Efforts to publicize the link between the atrocities, the warlords, and the diamonds paid off.

The movie Blood Diamonds helped. In it, Leonardo DiCaprio plays an ex-mercenary who sells arms to Sierra Leone rebels in exchange for diamonds. In the end, though, he gives up the business and helps publicize the illicit trade. Global Witness was an advisor on the film, and Annie Dunnebacke says it had an impact. “I think bringing the message is sort of Hollywood terms to a much wider audience than possibly our reports get to, it does have value,” she says.

Eventually, international pressure made the diamond industry sit up and listen. In 2003, the Kimberley Process came into being. It requires member governments to certify that exports and imports are free from blood diamonds. Industry associations said they would comply. Tom Tweedy is a spokesman for DeBeers, the world’s largest producer of. He says the Kimberley Process is a good way forward. “We have a system, and however imperfect it may be, it is probably the only comprehensive system of its type in the world,” says Tweedy.

At the World Diamond Center in Antwerp, Director Philip Claes says that before the Kimberley Process, conflict diamonds accounted for 4 to 15 percent of rough diamonds traded worldwide. “Today, conflict diamonds account for only 0.2 percent of all rough diamonds traded worldwide,” says Claes.The emphasis is on certifying the origin of the diamonds to weed out goods traded illegally. Annie Dunnebacke of Global Witness says it’s a good start but there are loopholes.

“There are huge weaknesses ranging obviously from porous borders in African artisanal producing countries and basic lack of infrastructure, corruption, things like this which are stopping the scheme from being implemented effectively, things that encourage a lot of smuggling, cross-border smuggling,” she says. In Johannesburg, diamond trader Janine Chaveau agrees. “I know quite a few people who are multi-millionaires who have never dealt in legal diamonds,” she says, “it’s always been illegal, blood diamonds.”

Chaveau says she has been offered many undocumented diamonds. She says if they don’t have papers, she doesn’t touch them. But, it’s not just diamonds that are causing trouble. More than 90 percent of the world’s rubies come from Burma, a poor country with a military government that controls the sale of gems. The trade helps maintain the government in power. Human rights activists are working to tighten sanctions against Burmese rubies. But, like with diamonds, the potential profits are large and many are willing to look the other way.

Rights activists are hoping consumers will start to ask more questions of the jewelers to make sure that the gemstone they buy is not sullied by anguish and blood.

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1- Awareness and Acceptance.

2- Breathe normally.

3- Choose the right clothes to feel confident.

4- Know your topic really well.

5- Practice,Practice and Practice.

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Education in modern India

Current education system in India

Why India lacks

The benefits of an education abroad

Few reforms need to be done.

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