Jobs for the Future

There are two reasons why students are interested in sustainable management studies.

Youngsters are now facing the impact of climate change themselves. Many of them have experienced-led disasters such as floods and cyclones, more than their previous generation did.

Second, there is growing awareness on the regulatory requirement and the investor’s demand, said Jagdish Ratnani, a Professor.

Nevertheless, the fact is that many jobs of the future will require hordes of managerial talent who understand ESG. Its a great career opportunity, Aditya Shelar, a student at IIM Lucknow, thinks that business in future will think beyond numbers and they would need people who under- stand a range of issues.

The transition to electric vehicles, higher solar power adoption, green practices in real-estate as well as carbon neutral policies will all require manpower that drive these shifts.

Environment and sustainability will have to be embedded in both corporate thought and actions. Its a requirement for branding, for raising funds, and to capture young and aware consumers. Institutions will increasingly adopt that in the classroom and beyond. It was said by Gopal Sarangi of TERI Institute of Advance Studies.

Some firms want to evaluate if their manpower is conscious about ethical business strategies. Some firms want to evaluate if their manpower is conscious about ethical sourcing, environment reservation, SGD goals like equality at workspace, the side effects of child labour and fair wage.

All this will fuel demand for more courses in B- Schools.

Reference

http://www.intershala.com

http://www.timesofindia.com

The significance of children’s rights

There are numerous purposes behind singling out children’s rights in a different common liberties Convention . Children are neither the assets of guardians nor of the state, nor are they simple individuals really taking shape; they have equivalent status as individuals from the human family.

Children start life as absolutely dependent creatures , Children should depend on grown-ups for the support and direction they need to develop towards freedom. Such support is undeniably found from grown-ups in children’s families, yet when essential grown-up parental figures can’t address children’s issues, it is up to the State as the essential obligation conveyor to track down an option to the greatest advantage of the child. The activities, or inactions, of government sway children more unequivocally than some other gathering in the public eye . Essentially every space of government strategy – from schooling to general wellbeing – influences children somewhat. Childish policymaking that neglects to consider children adversely affects the fate of all citizenry.

Children’s perspectives ought to be heard and considered in the political interaction , Children by and large don’t cast a ballot and don’t generally partake in political cycles. Without extraordinary thoughtfulness regarding the assessments of children – as communicated at home and in schools, in neighborhood networks and surprisingly in governments – children’s perspectives go unheard on the numerous significant issues that influence them now or will influence them later on. Numerous progressions in the public eye are having an unbalanced, and regularly adverse, sway on children . Change of the family structure, globalization, environmental change, digitalization, mass relocation, moving business designs and a contracting social government assistance net in numerous nations all emphatically affect children. The effect of these progressions can be especially decimating in circumstances of equipped clash and different crises.

The solid improvement of children is essential to the future prosperity of any general public. Since they are as yet creating, children are particularly defenseless – more so than grown-ups – to helpless day to day environments like destitution, insufficient medical services, nourishment, safe water, lodging and ecological contamination. The impacts of infection, hunger and neediness undermine the fate of children and hence the eventual fate of the social orders wherein they live. The expenses for society of bombing its children are colossal

Social examination discoveries show that children’s soonest encounters essentially impact their future turn of events. The course of their improvement decides their commitment, or cost, to society throughout their lives.

Caste Discrimination

Caste discrimination is one of the most exceedingly awful denials of basic freedoms on the planet today. It is minimal perceived and infrequently recognized, and influences in excess of 260 million individuals around the world. Through a hierarchical situation, the task of essential rights among different castes is profoundly inconsistent, with those at the top getting a charge out of most rights combined with least obligations and those at the base performing most obligations combined with no rights. The situation is kept up with through the inflexible implementation of social segregation (an arrangement of social and financial punishments).

Caste discrimination includes enormous infringement of common, political, financial, social and social rights. It is normal banned in nations influenced by it, yet an absence of execution of enactment and caste-inclination inside the equity frameworks to a great extent leave casualties without security.

The rejection of supposed ‘lower caste networks’ by different gatherings in the public eye and the intrinsic underlying disparity in these social connections lead to significant degrees of neediness among influenced populace gatherings. There is little admittance to advantages and improvement measures, and their position by and large blocks contribution in dynamic and significant investment openly and common life.India’s caste framework is maybe the world’s longest enduring social progressive system. A characterizing highlight of Hinduism, caste includes an unpredictable requesting of gatherings of people based on custom immaculateness. An individual is viewed as an individual from the caste into which the person in question is conceived and stays inside that caste til’ the very end, albeit the specific positioning of that caste might differ among areas and over the long run. Contrasts in status are generally advocated by the strict regulation of karma, a conviction that one’s place in life is controlled by one’s deeds in past lifetimes.

Conventional grant has portrayed this over 2,000-year-old framework inside the setting of the four head varnas, or enormous caste classes. Arranged by priority these are the Brahmins (ministers and educators), the Ksyatriyas (rulers and officers), the Vaisyas (dealers and merchants), and the Shudras (workers and craftsmans). A fifth classification falls outside the varna framework and comprises of those known as “untouchables” or Dalits; they are regularly appointed undertakings also customarily dirtying to justify incorporation inside the customary varna system.7 Almost indistinguishable designs are likewise noticeable in Nepal.

Regardless of its established abrogation in 1950, the act of “distance”- the inconvenience of social incapacities on people by reason of birth into a specific caste-stays a lot of a piece of rustic India. Addressing more than one-6th of India’s populace or exactly 160 million individuals Dalits suffer close to finish social segregation. “Untouchables” may not go too far isolating their piece of the town from that involved by higher castes. They may not utilize similar wells, visit similar sanctuaries, or drink from similar cups in tea slows down. Dalit youngsters are regularly made to sit at the rear of study halls. In what has been called India’s “covered up politically-sanctioned racial segregation,” whole towns in numerous Indian states remain totally isolated by caste.

“Distance” is supported by state portion of assets and offices; separate offices are accommodated separate caste-based areas. Dalits frequently get the less fortunate of the two, in the event that they get any whatsoever. In numerous towns, the state organization introduces power, disinfection offices, and water siphons in the upper-caste segment, however fails to do likewise in the adjoining, isolated Dalit region. Fundamental conveniences, for example, water taps and wells are additionally isolated, and clinical offices and the better, covered rooftop houses exist solely in the upper-caste province. As uncovered by the contextual analysis underneath on the tremor in Gujarat, these equivalent practices remain constant even in the midst of extraordinary cataclysmic event.

Skills of the Future

The new world order, brought on by the fourth Industrial Revolution, demands that today’s children acquire skills that will serve them well in the future.

Photo by Andrea Piacquadio on Pexels.com

The world we live in will change so fundamentally that students who come out of school by 2030 will make careers in fields that we have no idea about in the present.

As all of these trends happen, the winners will be those who are able to participate fully in innovation-driven ecosystems by providing new ideas, business models, products, and services, rather than those who can offer only low-skilled labor or ordinary capital, points out Klaus Schwab, founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, in his seminal work, the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

This view is supported by other experts.

According to David Deming, associate professor of education and economics at Harvard University, Soft Skills like sharing and negotiating will be crucial. Modern workplace, where people move different roles and projects, closely resembles pre- school classrooms where we learn social skills such as empathy and cooperation. =

In effect, the skills and traits that must be inculcated in our children include : Social Intelligence

This set of skill include empathy or the awareness of self and others perspective collaboration, negotiations and conflicts resolution, persuasive communication that can change minds and hearts.

A sense of service mindedness, trustworthiness and transparency.

Reference

http://www.timesofindia.com

http://www.wikipedia.com

The Advantages of Implementing Body Neutrality In Your Life

Body neutrality is a relatively new idea for many people. It is the discipline of embracing your body in its current condition for what it can achieve rather than focused on how it appears. As a result, some individuals may be confused why they must try it, or even whether they should.

There are several advantages to practising bodily neutrality, which vary from physical to emotional. One of the positive aspects is that just shifting your attention away from exercise that feels like punishment or for weight reduction goals, and instead engaging in exercise activities you love, can reduce your chances of overworking or injuring your body.

Although body positivity was originally seen to be the best approach to build connections with our bodies, body neutrality, a newer concept, is now thought to be a better method of connecting with our physical selves.

Some of the advantages of implementing body neutrality in your life are:

Become Less Judgmental

It is really tough to avoid criticizing our bodies. We are continually inundated with pictures of “perfect” bodies in the media, and most people—often including those whose own figures are on display and digitally altered—believe that their own bodies fall short of the ideal form. If you try to stop judging your own body against those of someone else or against an aesthetic in your head, it’s logical that you’ll stop judging other people’s looks as severely.

One of the most beneficial aspects of this is that as we become less judgmental about our bodies, it becomes much easier to be less judgmental towards yourself and others generally. Even though it comes to issues other than bodies, practising body neutrality may cause you to be less critical of yourself and others.

Become More Empathetic

When we become less harsh and judgemental of someone else, we start to open ourselves up to their complex and diverse experiences. Instead of passing judgement on others, we may cultivate our sense of empathy.

This might be in pertinent aspects, like not thinking of an obese person as having an unsuitable physique, or in non-related ways, such as attentively listening to a person’s experience or narrative before making judgements on them, or deciding what your impression of them is solely based on their looks.

Cultivating more empathy allows you to connect with others more effectively and profoundly. It helps us to be more open since we have a better understanding of how sensitive everyone else is. And it causes us to behave from a gentler interior place, rather than a competitive attitude.

It Lowers Stress Levels

There is little doubt that chronic stress may have a significant detrimental impact on our lives. Prolonged stress is defined as feeling anxious about your body on a regular basis. Since your body is constantly with you, an emotional issue centred on your body has no end point on its own. Individuals might battle for years, if not their whole lives, with how they appear.

Once you choose to embrace your body for what it is capable of doing and stop concentrating about how it should be changed, your levels of stress are likely to decrease. This makes it simpler to feel content and at ease. Furthermore, when you are under reduced stress, your body produces less cortisol (the body’s major stress hormone), which results in good consequences such as increased energy, good sleep, and improved digestion.

It Enhances Your Intuition

One important aspect of body neutrality is eating what your body desires. To be able to do so, you must first connect with your body on a personal level. Many individuals are accustomed to selecting foods based on what they are taught by nutritional specialists, or even celebrities, as the “correct” items to eat, so eating intuitively might feel like a significant life shift.

Once you have learnt how to connect with your intuition in respect to your health and food, you unlock the way to hearing and listening to your instincts in general. It can be beneficial to your mental health since it can make you feel much more secure in your decision-making abilities.

It Improves Your Mood

If you spend any of your time worrying about your physique, chances are you’re not in the greatest of moods. And then from there, it may well be difficult to immediately put oneself in a great mood, even when everything else in your environment is technically fine.

Less judgement, reduced stress, and improved intuition as a result of bodily neutrality are all excellent mood enhancers. Body neutrality practise may lead to all of these benefits, and as a result, you may find yourself in a positive mindset more frequently than you’ve ever anticipated.

Body neutrality is not a one-time event. It may be a long process, just like any other personal journey. However, the advantages might be enormous. From reduced stress to increased happiness, the mental wellbeing advantages of body neutrality are compelling enough to warrant a try.

World Hepatitis Day 2021

Introduction

Every year on July 28^th, World Hepatitis Day is observed. The goal is to raise awareness about viral hepatitis. Hepatitis is a medical condition in which the liver is in an inflammatory condition. The theme for this year is “Hepatitis Can’t Wait”, magnifying the urgency of putting efforts to eliminate hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030.

History

July 28th was chosen as the date for World Hepatitis Day because it is the birthday of Nobel-prize-winning scientist Dr. Baruch Blumberg, the scientist who discovered the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and also developed a diagnostic test and vaccine for the same virus.

Dr. Baruch Samuel Blumberg was born on July 28, 1925, and died on April 5, 2011. He was an American physician, geneticist, and co-recipient of the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Daniel Carleton Gajdusek. He was president of the American Philosophical Society from 2005 to his death. He served as a U.S. Navy deck officer during World War 2. He received his MD in 1951 from Columbia University and his D. Phil in 1957 from the University of Oxford. While studying yellow jaundice in 1964, he discovered a surface antigen for hepatitis B in the blood of an Australian aborigine, which is the reason it was initially called “Australian antigen”.

About Hepatitis

It is referred to as an inflammatory condition of the liver. It is usually caused by a viral infection but it can also be caused by other things. It can include autoimmune hepatitis and also hepatitis which can occur because of medication, drugs, toxins, and alcohol. There are five types of hepatitis based on different viruses.

Hepatitis A is caused by an infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV), this is mostly transmitted by consuming food or water which is contaminated by feces from a person infected by HAV.

Hepatitis B is transmitted through contact with infectious body fluids like blood, vaginal secretions, or semen. It can be transmitted by injection drug use, having sex with an infected partner, or sharing razors with an infected person.

Hepatitis C is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It can also be transmitted through direct contact with infected body fluids, especially through used injections and sexual contact.

Hepatitis D is also known as delta hepatitis, it causes a serious liver disease by hepatitis D virus (HDV). It is caused by coming in direct contact with infected blood, it is rare as it only occurs with hepatitis B because it cannot multiply without the presence of hepatitis B.

Hepatitis E is waterborne and is caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV), it can usually be found in areas with poor sanitation and from ingesting fecal matter that has contaminated the water supply.

Facts and Figures

1,100,000 deaths per year are caused by Hepatitis B and C.
9,400,000 people are receiving treatment for chronic HCV.
10% of people with chronic HBV are diagnosed and 22% of those receive treatment.
42% of children have access to the birth dose of HBV vaccine.
According to WHO, 325 million people around the world have HBV or HCV.
Hepatitis isn’t just an STD, there are other ways of getting it as well.

Conclusion

With the figures of infection and death around the world, it is clear that we can’t just sit and wait around for them to decrease. It is important to make people aware of it, teach them the way to avoid it, and reach a stage where the vaccine can be provided to everyone. As common citizens, we can’t help in the production and reach of the vaccine but we can help in raising awareness and taking steps towards sanitation.

References

Promise For The Future: ‘RENEWABLE ENERGY’.

SOLAR POWER:

With energy consumption being the buzzword in developing economies around the world, fears of an energy crisis looming ahead are not totally unfounded. The non-renewable nature of fossil fuels makes complete dependence on these for future energy needs a very dicey affair. Renewable energy sources are the best bet in the scenario. And what can be a better renewable resource than the sun?

In a country like India, if the abundant amount of sunlight available is harnessed properly it could mean an end to the energy crisis. It is the most abundant source of energy. The average global solar radiation is around 5 kilowatt hours (KWH) per square meter per day with the sunshine hours ranging between 2300-4300 per year. India is in the sunny belt of the world. The country receives solar energy equivalent to more than 5000 trillion KWH per year, which is far more than its total annual energy consumption.

Besides, it is a renewable and clean energy source. Taking both environmental and economic cost, solar energy works cheaper than fossil fuel resources. Once we master techniques to harness solar energy, it can be a vital source of power on all planets. Solar energy could be a viable source of power generation for the next 1000 crore years. There are many technologies available for conversion of solar energy into solar power. For instance, solar photovoltaic (SPV) technology, photo galvanic cells, solar steam generators (solar concentrating power), solar tower or solar chimney, radio micrometers and thermopile are some of them.

ELECTRIC MOTORS:

Imagining a future where clean air is no longer a dream and our cities are not smog filled concrete jungles, could well become a reality in the coming years if the world begins to increasingly adopt the use of cleaner options like alternate-fuel vehicles . The rise in economic activity and the burgeoning population have led to a tremendous demand in the transport sector, especially in urban India. By 2025, India’s urban population is expected to grow five fold to a staggering 200 million while pollution is expected to grow seven times. With this tremendous growth has emerged a very critical issue of keeping air and noise pollution in urban areas under control.

If we can have three lakh electric vehicles (EVs) on the roads by 220 including three wheelers, cars and scooters, we would have reduced pollution by 16 lakh metric tones, saved ? 3700 crores in foreign exchange earnings and substantially reduced healthcare costs. Small electric buses, three wheelers and electric scooters are ideal for city mobility in India but it could take between 5-10 years before they become viable for commercial use.

The electric vehicle uses electric energy which is stored in batteries that feed the electric motor. Driving an electric vehicle is easier and more relaxing than a traditional one because it has no speed-gear and functioning noise. It is enough to turn the key and press the acceleration pedal; you need only two driving pedals- accelerator and brake.

The need to reduce air pollution along with the availability of new advanced clean alternative to internal batteries have allowed EVs to reappear as a combustion vehicles. Electric drive systems are virtually non-polluting and extremely energy efficient. While internal combustion vehicles can convert about 20% of the chemical energy in gasoline into useful work, 75% or more of the energy from a battery has productive power in an electric vehicle.

Electric motors can also provide power at almost any engine speed. While internal combustion engines must be revved up to high rpm to achieve maximum power electric motors provide nearly peak power even at low speeds. this gives electric vehicles strong acceleration performance from a stop.

The emergence of newer batteries has driven the cost and performance EVs. There are several major types of automotive batteries available and under development, from advanced lead acid batteries like those that start our internal combustion engines to lithium polymer bateries. Although recharging could be a consideration, home recharging systems are available giving EVs an added advantage.

Apart from being environment-and -user friendly, there are several other reasons for alternate fuel cars to flourish in India. Firstly, electricity for EVs can be produced from various sources for which India has natural resources and does not need to depend on the import of oil. Although EVs will not replace LPG, CNG or petrol and diesel for intercity use, the infrastructure required for EVs in the form of electricity distribution infrastructure is already available in all our cities and minimum costs are required to install additional capacity.

EVs are zero polluting, easy to handle and have low maintenance costs. EVs will not degrade with time and they are always zero polluting unlike conventional vehicles where the pollution increases with engine degradation, poor maintenance and adulterated fuel.. India also has the maximum market potential for EVs owing to an established auto component infrastructure, low manufacturing and R&D cost, mechanical hardware availability, high urban congestion and the presence of domestic market. The industry could significantly gain from rising exports by 2010, and with appropriate government support, could transform the landscape of urban India by reducing pollution, improving public health, creating employment opportunities and impacting society.

In order to do that, a holistic approach involving the government, public and auto majors is needed to promote EVs in India. Appropriate government policies during the next five years and adequate support from business houses and institutions. for instance, purchasing a fixed percentage of vehicles for their fleets and offering subsidies and tax exemptions, will go a long in promoting the industry in India. Finally, people have to become more informed about these technologies. The media must play its role in educating the public about alternate fuel vehicles and their advantages.

INDIA OVER CHINA IN 2024 , IN OVERPOPULATION

Whether you are in a metro station, airport, railway station, road, highway, bus stop, hospital, shopping mall, market, temple, or even in a social/ religious gathering, we see all these places are overcrowded at any time of the day. This is a clear indication of overpopulation in the country. This is the major issue of , India is facing right now. Food production is limited & population is unlimited , we can say wants are unlimited & resources are limited & population is unlimited hence can be concluded that the reason behind poverty in India is over population.

Some of the common effects of overpopulation are :

Unemployment : Every body knows India’s state of employment , employment rate is decreasing & unemployment rate is increasing . Since their is no employment people are starving , their is no living , literacy rate is also decreasing . This one problem of over population is bringing so many more problems with it .
Manpower utilization: The number of jobless people is on the rise in India due to economic depression and slow business development and expansion activities.
Pressure on infrastructure: Development of infrastructural facilities is unfortunately not keeping pace with the growth of population. The result is lack of transportation, communication, housing, education, healthcare etc. There has been an increase in the number of slums, overcrowded houses, traffic congestion etc.
Resource utilization: resource are already scare , & they are being exploited . Land areas , water , trees are being exploited due to overpopulation .
Inequitable income distribution: In the face of an increasing population, there is an unequal distribution of income and inequalities within the country widen.

STEPS TO CONTROL OVER POPULATION

Indian government should take bold steps to control overpopulation because if they want to improve economic growth they should control overpopulation . Major steps which have been already implemented but still need to be emphasized more control population. Increasing the welfare and status of women and girls, spread of education, increasing awareness for the use of contraceptives and family planning methods, sex education, encouraging male sterilization and spacing births, free distribution of contraceptives and condoms among the poor, encouraging female empowerment, more health care centers for the poor, to name a few, can play a major role in controlling the population. India’s growth in the whole world cannot be ignored , whether it is in science & technology , medicine , health , communication , entertainment , literature or military . So experts believe that if people of India will follow the strict population control norms , it will be able to overcome this problem too .

School vs Workspace

Our children must learn how to acquire knowledge that can be applied across domains and situations.

Traditionally, schools and colleges have been cloistered enrollments where students only acquire knowledge. They then move to the next stage of their lives – into work places – where they may or may not apply the knowlege they have.

This separation has ensured that young people who join the work force have no idea about the exigencies of the work environment and are completely unprepared to deal with this situation.

However, future workplaces are likely to be far removes from conventional or current experiences.

In fact, it is estimated that most of tomorrow’s workforce may be contractual. In fact, already many large organizations are tapping into on-demand talent of the gig economy.

Increasingly, these new economy workers will be required to rely on their own knowledge and the skills to provide services and produce products that solve businesses’ and society’s pressing problems.

Our children, therefore, must learn how to acquire relevant knowledge that can be applied in different domains and circumstances. They must discover the joy learning so that they can become learners for life as well as independent learners, capable of handling uncertainty with flexibility.

Schools must therefore re-engineer their systems, curricular and pedagogies to ensure that students have agency over their own learning and lives and learn to learn, unlearn and re-learn with agility.

Schools, therefore, must teach children to be entrepreneurs, expose them to real life work and social environments through projects and experiences so that they know how to tackle challenges that lie ahead and are capable of solving problems independently.

Reference

http://www.timesofindia.com

http://www.wilipedia.com

http://www.hindustantimes.com

ACCIDENTLY CREATED INVENTIONS

Hello fellas, the following are some of the things that are created accidentally by the creators when they wanted to do something else.

The Microwave Oven :

The engineer was doing his job as usual when he noticed that the candy bar in his pocket had melted.
Quickly Spencer realized that it was the magnetrons that were causing this phenomenon.
By 1945, he had filed a patent for his metal cooking box powered by microwaves.

2. Chocolate Chip Cookies :

Ruth Graves Wakefield, co-owner of the Toll House Inn, was preparing some chocolate cookies for her guests when she realized that she was out of baker’s chocolate.
Thinking on her feet, Wakefield decided to chop up a block of Nestle semi-sweet chocolate, assuming that it would melt and spread evenly throughout the batter.
Instead, what came out of the oven was the very first batch of chocolate chip cookies.

3. Matches:

In 1826, chemist John Walker he accidentally scraped a stick coated in chemicals across his hearth and found that it caught fire.
Walker’s “Friction Lights,” as he called them, were originally made out of cardboard, but eventually he switched over to using wooden splints and sandpaper.

4. Vaseline:

Robert Augustus Chesebrough decided to head to the town where the product had been discovered to play around with it a bit.
While there, Chesebrough observed that the men drilling the petroleum would use a byproduct of the process on their skin to soothe and heal cuts and burns.
Later, he turned this observation into the product known today as Vaseline.

5. Bubble Wrap:

Engineers Alfred Fielding and Marc Chavannes did invent bubble wrap on purpose. But when they made it, the intended use for the product was all wallpaper, not as packing material.
when their bubbly wallpaper proved to be unsuccessful the two entrepreneurs decided to pivot and market their product instead as greenhouse insulation and later in 1960 as protective packaging.

The Comptroller and Auditor- General of India

Another essential office in the Government of India is that of the Comptroller and Auditor- General who controls and checks the financial operation of the entire country [Article 148], at the Union as well as State levels. As observed by Dr. Ambedkar, the Comptroller, and Auditor General of India shall be the most prominent officer under the Constitution of India. For he, is to be the guardian of the public purse and he must look after expenditures out of the Consolidated Fund of India or if a state without the authority of the appropriate Legislature. To discharge his duty properly, his office must be independent of any control of the Executive. The office of the Comptroller and Auditor General, in the Constitution, is substantially modeled upon that of the Auditor General under the Government of India Act, 1935.

Conditions of Service:- The independence of the Comptroller and Auditor General has been protected by the following provisions of the Constitution—

Though appointed by the President, the Comptroller and Auditor General may discard only on the ground of ‘proved misbehavior’ or ‘incapacity’, on an address from both the Houses of the Parliament. He thus excepted from the general rule that all civil servants of the Union hold their office at the pleasure of the President [Article 310(1)].

His salary and conditions of service shall be statuary and shall not be liable to variation to his disadvantages during his term of office. Under this power, Parliament has enacted the Comptroller and Auditor General’s Act 1971, as amended, provides as follows:

(i) The term of office of the Comptroller and Auditor General shall he six years from the date on which he presumes office, but—

• he shall vacate office on attaining the age of 65 years if either than the expiry of the six-year term;

• he may, at any time, resign his office, by writing under his hand, addressed to the President of India;

• he may be removed by impeachment [Article 148, 124(4)].

(ii) His salary shall be equal to that of the Judge of the Supreme Court.

(iii) On retirement, he shall be eligible for an annual pension as per the High Court and Supreme Court Judges.

(iv) In order matters his conditions of service shall be determined by the rules applicable to a member of the IAS, holding the rank of a Secretary of the Government of India.

(v) he shall disqualify for any further Government office after retirement.

(vi) the salaries, etc of the Comptroller and Auditor-General, his staff, and administrative expenses of his office shall be charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India and shall be non-votable [Article 148].

Duties and Powers:- The Comptroller and Auditor General shall perform such duties and exercise such powers about the accounts of the Union and the States as may be prescribed by Parliament. In exercise of this power, Parliament has enacted the Comptroller and Auditor General’s duties, powers, and conditions of services Act, 1971 which relieves him of his pre- Constitution duty to compile the accounts of the Union; and the States may enact similar legislation with the prior approval of the President — to separate accounts from audit at the State level, and to relieve the Comptroller and Auditor General of his responsibility in the matter of preparation of accounts, either of the States of the Union.

World Nature Conservation Day 2021

“Only if we understand, will we care. Only if we care, will we help. Only if we help, shall all be saved.”
– Jane Goodall

Introduction

Every year July 28th is celebrated as World Nature Conservation Day. This is to raise awareness to protect the planet we live on, our Mother Earth. The meaning of conservation is carefully using valuable natural substances that exist in limited amounts to make certain that they will be available for as long a time as possible. The practice of not using resources carefully has also led to the extinction of many species. Conservation will help in the growth of biological, economic, cultural, and recreational values. Non-conservation for so many years has also resulted in Climate change which we know is affecting the planet in many negative ways.

Significance

It is important to recognize that we need nature for our survival, if we let that go, it will disturb the environment which will then disturb the climate harming the harvests and the well-being of all humans. Not just that, we also need nature for all the non-renewable resources we keep using for our industries. Celebration of this day recognizes the importance of a healthy environment which is the foundation of a stable and productive society, it ensures the well-being of present and future generations. The aim of this day is to introspect on how we Homo sapiens are exploiting nature and the effects we are facing because of it, such as global warming, natural disaster, increased temperature, and various diseases.

Theme for this year

The theme for this year’s World Nature Conservation Day is “Forests and Livelihoods: Sustaining People and Planet”. This theme highlights the importance of co-existing with nature.

Forests are often underestimated and looked upon as just a source of wood, but it is important to know their importance. We greatly depend on forests for our survival, be it the air we breathe or the wood we use. Forests provide habitat for animals and also a livelihood for humans, it also offers watershed protection. Forests help in preventing soil erosion and help in the mitigation of climate change. Over 2 billion people rely on forests for shelter, livelihoods, water, food, and fuel security. Forests are home to over 80% of the world’s terrestrial biodiversity and 60 million indigenous people. Forests provide jobs for more than 13 million people across the world. They are the second-largest storehouses of carbon which is very important to solve the issue of global warming and to reach the goals described in the Paris Agreement.

Things to do to Conserve Nature

Cut Down on plastic use – Although the use of plastic is convenient for us, it is non-biodegradable and leaves its trace for a very long time, it not only stays in the environment but also impacts other species, like choking animals and birds because of plastic.

Save Electricity – Electricity is produced by using non-renewable resources. If we control how much electricity we use, and don’t waste it, less non-renewable resources will be used. The creation of electricity produces extra carbon waste which increases global warming.

Save Water – Wasting water is resulting in decreasing levels of drinking water. Not only that but it also creates a lot of energy to treat, pump, and heat water. We should use water judiciously.

Recycle-Reuse – Following the practice of recycling and reusing will help in reducing the amount of waste we create.

Conclusion

We have learnt about the importance of nature and its conservation above. It is high time to realize the importance of following this practice as we are in deep waters already. This summer the world has experienced nature’s wrath all across, floods in China and Europe, high temperatures in Canada, the US, and the UK. The last few years have seen a rise in forest fires and if this isn’t warning enough of the damage we have caused, then we’re just waiting for a big disaster to hit us.

References

THE SOCIAL NOVEL

The Social Novel may be defined as a fictional narrative that focuses on the varieties of human behavior in society and the way in which the characters reflect or contradict the values of that society.

In this genre, the characters are seen in the background of their social milieu and culture. The inner life of the characters find the place in such novels, greater importance is given to their conflicts and collisions with classes and believes. The essence of a social novel is the conflict between the individual and the society that surrounds him based on different concepts of values.

Two Groups of Social Novel:

Social novels can be divided into two groups.

The novel of Manners.
The novel of Civilization.

The novel of Manners:

The novel of manners is concerned with social behavior and its correctness in a given society. The concept of behavior achieves some grant moral effect as we find in the novels of Jane Austen “Pride and Prejudice” and Emma are the best examples. The novelist is preoccupied with the niceties of social conduct and often, commerce by the employment of Irony and satire exposes undesirable passions like arrogance, hypocrisy, and snobbery. Henry James’ novel ‘The ambassador’ is a successful social novel of manners. It depicts with great humor and delicacy the reaction of different American types to a European environment. Evelyn Waugh’s “A handful of dust” is a social novel of manners that presents The vision of sin and guilt in the modern world. The social novel of manners has a satiric structure as we find in Jane Austen. Even modern novelists make use of the same formula. For instance, Philip Roth satirizes the self-protective attitude of the modern middle class in his novel ‘Goodbye Columbus’.

The novel of Civilization:

The social novel of Civilization takes a comprehensive view of the whole Civilization. The best examples are Charles Dickens’s “Little Dorrit” and Tolstoy’s “War and Peace” the novel Civilization aims at revealing the meanings, principles, and social styles that govern people’s lives. The action of individuals is examined in the light of the Civilization that surrounds them. In “Little Dorrit” Dickens explores the English society dominated by the corrupt business class. In the novel Civilization characters or viewed as part of the developing environment. The splendor or shame of their past is exploding. The significance of the character’s behavior becomes clear only in the background of the Civilization which he represents. In “War and Peace” Tolstoy presents the different stages in the development of each character. The novel Civilization, sometimes, depicts the different stages in the growth of the writer’s consciousness as in Marcel Proust’s ‘Remembrance of Things Past’. Sometimes it uses our family story as in Faulkner’s ‘Sartoris’ or Galsworthy’s ‘Forsyte Saga’.

The Social Novel is a technique in literature. In which the authors express and illustrate society, ethics, etiquette, and protocols. Nowadays, various authors are following this technique in their writings. Especially, to illustrate the Epic society, Dynasty, and fictional Mythologies. This literary form serves as a device to illustrate society.

The Detective Novels

The Gothic Novels

Powers and Duties of the President of India

Nature of the powers of the President:- The Constitution says that “executive powers of the Union shall be vested in the President”. The President of India shall thus be the head of the “Executive Powers” of the Union. The ambit of the executive powers has been thus explained by our Supreme court— it may be possible to frame an exact definition of what executive function means and implies. Ordinarily, the executive powers connote the residue of governmental functions that remain after legislative and judicial functions are taken away, subject, of course, to the provisions of the Constitution or of any law.

Limitations on President’s Powers:- Firstly, he must exercise these powers according to the Constitution [Article 53(1)]. Thus, Article 75(1) explicitly requires that Ministers can be appointed by the President only on the advice of the Prime Minister. If the President violates any mandatory provisions of the Constitution, he will be dismissed by impeachment. Secondly, the executive powers shall be exercised by the President of India only on the advice of the Council of Ministers [Article 74(1)].

Executive powers of the President are discussed under the following heads:-

(1) The Administrative Powers:- The President is the formal head of the administration. He shall not have any administrative function to discharge or to control or supervise the Department of Government. Though the President shall have the power to appoint —

• The Prime Minister of India

• Other Ministers of the Union

• The Attorney General of India

• The comptroller and Auditor General of India

• The Governor of a State

• The Finance Commission

• The Election Commission

• The judges of the Supreme Court

• The judges of the High Court

(2) The Military Powers:- The supreme command of the Defense Forces vested in the hand of the President of India, the powers regulated by [ Article 53(2)]. The President may have the powers for declaration of any war or peace or the employment of the Defense Forces.

(3) The Diplomatic Powers:- The task of negotiating treaties and agreements with other countries are subject to ratification by parliament, therefore belong to the President. The President of India represents India in International Affairs and has the powers to appoint Indian representatives for other countries and receiving diplomatic representatives of the other states, acknowledged by the Parliament.

(4) The Legislative Powers:- The Legislative powers of the President, indeed according to Ministerial advice [Article 74(1)] and may discuss in the following heads:

• Summoning, Prorogation, and Dissolution

• The Opening Address

• The right to Address and to send Messages

• Nominations of the members of the Houses

• Laying reports before the Parliament

• Previous sanction to Legislation

• Assent to Legislation and Veto power

• Disallowance of State Legislation

• The Ordinance-making power

(5) Pardoning Power:- The President of India has the power to grant a pardon in case of :

• Punishment by a court-martial.

• Offence against the laws made under the Union and Concurrent Lists.

• Pardoning a sentence of death.

(6) Emergency Powers:- The President of India shall have certain extraordinary powers to deal with emergencies, which deserve a separate treatment. These extraordinary powers of the President arise at the time of:

• “Proclamation of Emergency” on the ground of threat to the security of the Nation or any part thereof by war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.

• Break down of the Constitutional machinery may take place either as a result of a political deadlock or the failure by a state to carry out the directions of the Union [Article 356,365].

• Financial stability or credit of India or any part thereof is threatened [Article 360].

INTERNSHIP IS THE NEED OF EVERY STUDENT RIGHT NOW !

An internship is the position of a student or trainee who works in an organization, sometimes without pay, in order to gain work experience or satisfy requirements for a qualification. A good degree with good marks will not take you to an organization , but internship will . you need the experience to get hands-on knowledge in your career field. In today’s labour market, employers rely heavily on CVs that demonstrate relevant work history, whether it is from actual job experience, volunteer work, or interning at a company. According to NACE’s Class of 2019 Student Survey, “More than half of all graduating seniors who applied for a full-time job (53.2%) received at least one job offer. Within this group, 57.5% of students who had an internship and 43.7% of graduating seniors who did not have an internship received a job offer.”

An internship is an official program offered by organizations to help train and provide work experience to students and recent graduates. The concept of working as an intern began a long time ago but has drastically evolved over the years. Internships first started as a labourer who would take on young individuals and teach them their art or trade. In exchange for being taught a skill, the trainee would agree to work for the labourer for a specific time. The skill taught there will help you in the real market scenarios , which will help you to solve real market problems .

Getting job experience is very important in today’s life . You can get an internship at a small company or get experience by freelancing. Any experience where you use skills that you can transfer to your future career is an excellent addition to your CV. It can help you demonstrate your commitment and capabilities to an employer while highlighting the skills that are both appropriate and transferable to the post you are applying for. An internship will give you the best experience regarding the job .

FIVE IMPORTANCE OF INTERNSHIP

You will get an experience of the real market , the things which you have learnt in books , the things which you are having the book knowledge of , that book knowledge is used in the practical form .
You will learn skills that will help you in your future jobs & these skills will let you fit in a better organization
Internship allows you to learn about yourself , the more you will discover the job , the more you will get to know about yourself , your qualities & abilities.
Internship allows you to gain competitive edge over others , those who have not done any internship will not get the exposure that you have received & will for sure lack the direction to do a specific work
Internship helps you to build critical network connections because you are involve with them who are expert in that field .

Reference

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Introduction

History

About Hepatitis

Facts and Figures

Conclusion

References

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SOLAR POWER:

ELECTRIC MOTORS:

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Reference

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Introduction

Significance

Theme for this year

Things to do to Conserve Nature

Conclusion

References

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Two Groups of Social Novel:

The novel of Manners:

The novel of Civilization:

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