Spyware is a software with malicious behaviour with an objective to accumulate the details about an individual or organization and send it to the another entity (whether individual or org) that intend to harms the user. It violates the privacy of a person or firm and endangered their devices. One such spyware is Pegasus.
Pegasus, originally an Israeli spyware, named after the mythical winged horse Pegasus, can be transmit flying through the air to infect phones. It has potential to read the messages, tracking calls, stealing passwords, location tracking, accessing target mobile’s microphone and camera. It is created by NSO group, an Israeli technology firm. Back in August 2018, it is for the first time discovered in India, that led to the investigation and revealed its existence. And now become the ‘most sophisticated smartphone attack’ ever.
Current scenerio in India-
2019, Facebook initiated a suit against NSO, asserting that Pegasus has been used to seize the whatsapp communication of atleast 300 individuals in India including Journalists, bureaucrats, activists and even ministers too. It has now become a topic for debate in parliament since the allegations are made against the government spying on its own citizens and invading into their private life. The NSO’s claim that only governments are their customers and not the private entities has made these proclaimation strong. According to NSO, Pegasus and other spyware are exclusively exported to government entities for the purpose of preventing and scrutinize crimes and to counter terrorism. Pegasus has now snooping into people’s lives illegitimately due to its nature to obtain information outside the boundaries of law.
Two acts, in this regard are made i.e. Information Technology Act of 2000 and Telegraph Act 1885 and these both acts criminalise hacking. Telegraph Act 1885, deals with the interception of calls allowing government to intercept calls only in certain conditions. Similarly, IT Act of 2000 enacted to intercept all the electronic transmission. To use Pegasus like spyware, government would have to invoke both the Acts and the government has claimed that all interception in India takes place lawfully.
Constitution of India guarantees the freedom of thought, speech and expression (Article 19) and Right to privacy. These are the fundamental rights of an individual protected by Supreme court and significant for a nation to identify itself as a democracy.
SISFS , was launched by shri Piyush Goyal minister of Commerce & Industry, Consumer Affairs & Food & Public Distribution and Textiles,
We all are know to India’s journey of giving opportunity to startups . Though we have may startups firms in India , but they don’t survive in long run , one of the main reason behind this is Indian startup ecosystem suffers from capital inadequacy in the seed and ‘Proof of Concept’ development stage. The capital required at this stage often presents a make or break situation for startups with good business ideas. Many innovative business ideas fail to take off due to the absence of this critical capital required at an early stage. The problem starts with seed funding , here is a short note on what is seed funding :
Seed funding : For growing a tree we need seed , so as to grow our business we need capital , and that is too at an early stage , Seed funding, or seed capital, is a relatively small amount of money that is used to start a business, fund research, or develop a product. The term’s reference to a “seed” is quite fitting. A tiny seed can someday grow into a lush forest. A tiny investment can help a struggling startup grow into a successful enterprise.
About the SISF Scheme: The Startup India Seed Fund Scheme aims to provide financial assistance to startups for proof of concept, prototype development, product trials, market entry and commercialization. On February 5, 2021, the Government of India made an official announcement about the approval of SISFS. It has been approved for a period of four years and was implemented with effect from April 1, 2021. Under the guidance of our honorable prime minister , Shri Narender Modi ji & Shri Piyush Goyal , minister of commerce & industry , this scheme was launched.
The Scheme aims to provide financial assistance to startups at the very initial stage of their project
It has been approved for a time period of four years, starting from 2021-22
Rs. 945 Crore corpus will be divided over the next 4 years for providing seed funding to eligible startups through eligible incubators across India
It is expected that the Startup India Seed Fund Scheme shall help over 3600 startups in the country
This scheme is in line with the Atmanirbhar Bharat Campaign launched in May 2020
Seed Fund to an eligible startup by the incubator shall be disbursed as follows:
Up to Rs. 20 Lakhs as a grant for validation of Proof of Concept, or prototype development, or product trials
Up to Rs. 50 Lakhs of investment for market entry, commercialization, or scaling up through convertible debentures or debt or debt-linked instruments
Who are eligible for SISFS ?
The eligibility criteria for a startup to apply under the Startup India Seed Fund Scheme shall be as follows:
The startup must be recognised by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT)
It must have incorporated not more than 2 years ago at the time of application
Preference would be given to startups creating innovative solutions in sectors such as social impact, waste management, water management, financial inclusion, education, agriculture, food processing, biotechnology, healthcare, energy, mobility, defense, space, railways, oil and gas, textiles, etc.
The startup should not have received more than Rs 10 lakh of monetary support under any other Central or State Government scheme
Shareholding by Indian promoters in the startup should be at least 51% at the time of application to the incubator for the scheme
How will SISFS work ?
1. Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade
The Seed Fund will be disbursed to eligible startups through eligible incubators across India DPIIT
Nodal Department EAC
2. Experts Advisory Committee
Government Representatives & Industry Experts Incubators
This part focused on true and valid knowledge. The writer said we are following the colonial education system in current time which causes the lack of moral education among the learners. Colonial education just needs quantity of education not quality of education. But nowadays we need a quality of education which is based on true and valid knowledge.
Partii- the three quest
In this part of the book the writer discusses the curriculum and pedagogy. They focused more on the curriculum which was set after the colonial period in India.
In the introduction we see a zoo where all the students perform different activities and their teacher reacts to their actions. While reading the book I found the same situation when I was on any educational field trip. The children were harassing the animals, writing their name on the walls and other museum material. The teachers were only focused over their own duties which were assigned to them during the trip. The writer felt so bad when he observed the behavior of school children towards the animals as they were hitting the animal with stones. Some students were interested in what’s going on in their surroundings. They just follow their teacher’s instructions.
What is worth teaching? One of the key processes involved in educational change concerns the question because was there a wide gap between an Indian child’s life at school and that at home . The school’s daily curriculum had no reference to the children’s life outside the school. The teachers were free to make such a reference, and they occasionally do. Whereas curriculum policy permits the teacher to teach all the school subjects without establishing any link between the child’s life and social life and the knowledge content of the syllabus .
In the indigenous tradition, the teacher was remunerated by the community he served but under the new system, he became a paid servant of the colonial government.
State control over schools had significant implications for curriculum and teachers. The points of ‘inconsistency’ Arnold noticed between the Indian and the English concepts of education can be placed in two categories. The first included his observations concerning language and reading or literacy, and in the second placed his observations concerning science, including geography and mathematics.
In the context of language education, Arnold made two basic points. One is that pupils were capable of reading but unable to derive any meaning out of what they read. The other point was that education in a ‘common vernacular’ like Urdu—which his office decided to introduce in schools in place of Persian—was ‘utterly inconsistent’ with people’s idea of ‘erudition and learning’.
Both these points relate to the perception of literacy and that of its functions in a culture.
1857, Persian School, where is more number of students are Hindu and Muslim. In this school that taught about writing, but with less energy and success. a student learns how to read without understanding the meaning of those words, and the shocking thing is it satisfies both teacher and parents. Reading aloud from it was a source of pleasure and satisfaction, even its meaning could not be comprehended. why did we just discard all the old Persian books? I mostly don’t know the meaning of new books. it is very unwise and worse. Language has a great role in education as well as religion and morality. We have to include this domain in education.
Facts and rule
We know how subjects are interrelated to each other but we found people ignorant of the geography of their province, Ignorant that there was Science as geography. in Victorian-era geography and natural history had begun to find places in the curriculum of some English public schools. Rugby student 1840s, Arnold Exposed to the new interest shown in a study of nature and earth. he was irritated with arithmetic, where arithmetic was divided into two main classes- the Khattries trained by long and diligent practice, But at a loss when directly they got beyond their habituated problems because they are unknown with the scientific method. In his first report, Arnold Had described a style of account keeping. for better school education he suggested for rules of arithmetic- the rule of three methods through the medium of legible character- more profitable to the scholar than the cumbrous Process and illegible Handwriting of Banias Bookkeeping. Where are I supposed to teach the former, in hopes one day effecting a change in the latter? Arnolds Director of public instructions, Punjab. Gratifying result of new curriculum policy. In report boys Hindu and Muslim, four rules of arithmetic pass a good exam in the geography of India. But teachers Resisted the new curriculum. But training for the same. The training was seen as a solution to the problem posed by teachers.
Teacher training was seen as a solution to the problem of incompetency of teachers for the new curriculum. According to Arnold, having basic knowledge of arithmetic, history & geography will be enough to teach efficiently. Thus teacher training was really a re-education of teachers.
In the old system, a teacher decides his\her pedagogy of teaching but in the new system, teachers were perceived as a source of resistance to curricular change.
The colonial policy led to the suspicion of Englishman’s education & the subtle resistance to his pedagogy. The Englishman’s religion & education system became a matter of concern in Indian society as the Indian parents who enrolled their children in English schools were worried about religious conflict that can come between them and their child. Walsh also discussed in her study that the greatest fear of Indian parents in the 19th century was that their children would convert to Christianity.
Parents blame education for the views & behavior of their children. As caste system is prevalent in Indian society drinking water from a Muslim by a child is considered as outraging caste rules and the child was told that all this came through his reading English.
In case of girls, the perception of remaining uneducated was common till early 20th century but the scenario improved after revivalist movements such as Arya Samaj etc.
Mishra identifies in his studies that educated men are set apart from all others because they are considered as Christian. In response to this belief Chaturvedi quoted ‘Learn English and you lose your humanity’. The educated men served as a scapegoat in this respect.
On the other side, the colonizer’s design in teaching English language & literature to the natives was to influence their morality. The East India Company administrators had been under pressure from missionaries, traders, as well as members of parliament, to take steps to improve India morally by teaching religion in one form or another. Some Indian administrators oppose religion-education as it can cause backlash. The question of teaching religion directly and morality remained uncertain throughout the 19th century and even later.
Out of this conflict arose the fluctuation that the government’s relationship with missionaries went through.From its early policy of discouraging missionaries, the Company had been pushed towards a sympathetic view of missionary work around the time its own educational role had crystallized.
Although teaching a lesson inevitably involved getting chil-dren to memorize the ‘maxims’ given in the textbook, mission teach-ers were concerned that the boys understood what they had learnt by rote.
Once the child saw how little the accounts of gods and goddesses have to do with the ‘facts’ of history and geography, it was expected that he would turn to the ‘rational’ belief system that Christianity had to offer.
Children everywhere protect themselves in classrooms with the help of memorized re-production when they are faced with concepts or material that they cannot grasp or find meaningless.
The tradition now acquired a new validity and focus under the auspices of a textbook-centred curricu-lum and examination. To the English administration, examina-tions—like textbooks—were a means of norm maintenance.
All he could do was to prepare them to the hilt, which meant giving them the opportunity to rehearse endlessly the skills of reproducing the text from memory, summarizing, and essay-type writing on any ques- tion based on the textbook.
Although I understand that a good teacher needs to give opportunity to each and every student to explore their own environment and under the basic concept of theme.
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. The term may also be applied to any machine that exhibits traits associated with a human mind such as learning and problem-solving.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, as opposed to the natural intelligence displayed by humans or animals. Leading AI textbooks define the field as the study of “intelligent agents”: any system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of achieving its goals. Some popular accounts use the term “artificial intelligence” to describe machines that mimic “cognitive” functions that humans associate with the human mind, such as “learning” and “problem solving”.
AI applications include advanced web search engines, recommendation systems (used by YouTube, Amazon and Netflix), understanding human speech (such as Siri or Alexa), self-driving cars (e.g. Tesla), and competing at the highest level in strategic game systems (such as chess and Go), As machines become increasingly capable, tasks considered to require “intelligence” are often removed from the definition of AI, a phenomenon known as the AI effect. For instance, optical character recognition is frequently excluded from things considered to be AI, having become a routine technology.
Artificial intelligence was founded as an academic discipline in 1956, and in the years since has experienced several waves of optimism, followed by disappointment and the loss of funding (known as an “AI winter”), followed by new approaches, success and renewed funding. AI research has tried and discarded many different approaches during its lifetime, including simulating the brain, modeling human problem solving, formal logic, large databases of knowledge and imitating animal behavior. In the first decades of the 21st century, highly mathematical statistical machine learning has dominated the field, and this technique has proved highly successful, helping to solve many challenging problems throughout industry and academia.
The various sub-fields of AI research are centered around particular goals and the use of particular tools. The traditional goals of AI research include reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, learning, natural language processing, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence (the ability to solve an arbitrary problem) is among the field’s long-term goals. To solve these problems, AI researchers use versions of search and mathematical optimization, formal logic, artificial neural networks, and methods based on statistics, probability and economics. AI also draws upon computer science, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, and many other fields.
The field was founded on the assumption that human intelligence “can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it”. This raises philosophical arguments about the mind and the ethics of creating artificial beings endowed with human-like intelligence. These issues have been explored by myth, fiction and philosophy since antiquity. Some people also consider AI to be a danger to humanity if it progresses unabated. Others believe that AI, unlike previous technological revolutions, will create a risk of mass unemployment.
Artificial Intelligence Characteristics
Deep Learning. Deep learning is a machine learning technique that teaches computers to do what comes naturally to humans, to learn by example.
Facial Recognition
Automate Simple and Repetitive Tasks
Data Ingestion
Chatbots
Quantum Computing
Cloud Computing
Following are some sectors which have the application of Artificial Intelligence:
AI in Astronomy. Artificial Intelligence can be very useful to solve complex universe problems
Every Year on the fourth Sunday of July National parent’s Day is celebrated to recognize the role of parents in children’s life. In 2021 it falls on 25 July.
Parent’s are the gift of God on Earth. Nobody can take their place in the life. They are the precious gift of nature. They play an important role in the children’s life. National Parent’s Day is celebrated to promote the responsible parenting and to recognize positive parental role models. No doubt this day also observe the special bond of love and care between parents and their children.
The origin of New criticism is rather complex and apparently contradictory – especially in its theoretical and critical positions and practices. It is in sharp reaction to sociological or Marxian criticism which regarded literature as a product of society. It stressed on textual criticism. It is just like establishing a new professional criticism. The influence of Mathew Arnold’s concept of ‘poetry and culture’ is clearly perceptible in them. The New Criticism were also influenced by modernist poets/ critics like T.S Eliot and T.E Hulme, whose poetry and criticism emphasized the importance of the internal dynamics of poetic form.
At the foundations of the New Criticism was the idea of the critic as a kind of technician, whose specialized knowledge and skills enabled a form of close reading of literary texts that found meaning and value in form. The New Criticism flourished from the 1920s through the 1950s and was primarily concerned with poetry and poetic form. Though one can trace the origin of it back to a lecture – ‘The New Criticism’ delivered by Elias Spingarn in 1920, the term ‘New Criticism’ is used to refer to the theory and practice that was prominent in the American Literary Criticism until late 1960.
The term is coined after the John Crowe Ransom’s the most influential work “The New Criticism” in 1941. It is less a coherent literary theory than the critical and theoretical approaches all of which are grounded on the idea that the literary work is autonomous; and its unity and meaning are constituted primarily by formal and rhetorical features that take precedence over social, political and biographical contexts. Unlike historical criticism or biological criticism, New Criticism completely concerns with the text itself- with its language and organization with ontological discussion, It warms the reader against the critical practices which diverts attention from the text itself.
The distinctive practice of new critics is ‘close reading’- a detailed and subtle analysis of complex interrelations and ambiguities of the inherent elements of the literary work. It studies how the parts of the text relate with each other, how it contains and revolves ‘irony’, ‘paradox’, ‘tension’, and ‘ambiguities’. Their emphasis is on the organic unity of overall structure and verbal meaning. The conceive literary work as being a literary construct. They think about figures of speech, symbols, imagery, meaning with text. For them, the essential components of literary work are symbols, images, words rather than plot, character, theme and thought.
They tried to displace content of literary analysis and treat the work’s form and its content. Form was treated as self contained and autonomous entity deserving all critical attention. For them, the literary art is a complete entity in itself and the function of the critic is to analyze, interpret and evaluate the work of art, And his function should be unbiased with focus only on the text itself. The study of words, their arrangements, the way in which they act and react on each other is all important. Words, besides their literal meaning and significance, also have emotional, associative, symbolic significance; and only close reading and analysis can bring out their total meaning.
Unlike, the Reader Response Theory, their merit of the work is to be found in its language and structure. They view literary work as a self-sufficient, autonomous object whose failure and success, charms or lack of it are to be found in the work itself. The text is more important than reader and writer. New Criticism emphasizes on the complex interplay within a text.
In our busy day-to-day routine, we often ignore the importance of mental health in our life. Yoga is a way to deal with our stressful schedule and ensure mental as well as physical well-being. Yoga is an ancient Indian practice which builds physical, mental and spiritual strength.
According to WHO’s definition of mental health given in 2014, it does not mean absence of mental illness. Mental health is defined as a state of well-being, when the person can cope up with the normal stress of everyday life. For overall mental well-being, it is extremely important to nurture our mind. Yoga has gained world-wide popularity and studies have been conducted to establish its relation with mental health. It has been proven to promote a healthy and peaceful mind.
Impact of Yoga on mental health
Experts call yoga and mental health an underexplored relationship. In the current busy lifestyle, yoga acts as a physical exercise and has psychological benefits which calm the mind.
Stress and anxiety are one of the major causes of mental illness. Chronic stress can cause cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, and mental disorders. Yogic postures can affect the functioning of Hypothalamus in a way that it can generate a better response to stress and lower the stress hormones.
According to studies, yoga leads to release of Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) which uplifts mood and reduces anxiety. Yoga also helps to restore the natural energy of our body and mind which helps to deal with fatigue. It has also contributed to better sleeping patterns among people with insomnia, increasing their time and quality of sleep. .
People with mental illness often prefer going to yoga based therapy which increases self- awareness, concentration, productivity and helps build a positive self-image. It also helps people to build patience and make improvements in behavioural patterns.
Yoga is often used as an add-on treatment for those undergoing some treatment for mental illness. One of the major benefits of yoga is that it includes meditation. Yogic postures associated with meditation are helpful to reduce anxiety and release stress.
Pranayama, a posture that focuses on breathing, is one of the famous Yoga asanas used to calm the mind.
Natarajasana, also known as the dancer’s pose, is a mood lifting asana.
Vajrasana helps to build focus and calmness.
Padmasana, the basic pose of yoga, helps to build spinal strength and a calm mind.
Savasana, lying flat on the ground, is one of the easiest asanas which helps to relax our mind and body.
In these tough times of Covid pandemic, looking after our mental health should be a priority. Amidst the chaos in the world, yoga is a way of life that can help us achieve spiritual, physical and mental well-being.
Gardening is a delightful pastime. One can grow vegetables, fruits and flowers bin one’s own garden. If you do not have open spaces near your home for maintaining a garden you can set up a garden on your roof! All you need are a few old buckets or tubs, some mud and seeds to plant. Did you know? The horticulture society of Tamil Nadu gives soil bags with seeds to promote gardening in our houses! Stamp collection is nothing but collection stamps from envelops that come by mail. This hobby is known as philately. We learn about different leaders , important days on seeing the stamps ! We can also exchange rare stamps with our friends. Many people are fascinated to collect coins from different countries. Sometime relatives who visit or work in other countries bring and give the coins of the foreign country to us ! This hobby is known as numismatics. Some other take interest to collect seashells. It is said that there are more than 1,00,000 shell species found in the sea shores. The rarest, the most valuable, and the most beautiful shells are found in the Indo-Pacific , Caribbean, and Mediterranean regions. Cooking is one of the oldest hobbies. It is now even considered a life -skill to know how to cook. We all should try and learn to cook! Painting can help unleash your creative side. Painting allows you to tap into the thoughts , desires, and feelings in your head and translate them into something beautiful. Painting relaxes our mind and helps focus better, so go ahead and pick up a paintbrush. Teaching is a fun and useful hobby. Teaching helps us understand what we have learned better. It also helps us to help other children. If we are good at teaching then, one day we can even become a good teacher! Web- browsing helps us collect information about the latest medical invention, the new technology for phones and news about society and country. It is an amazing hobby where we can learn about things that are thousands of kilometres away with just a few clicks ! We can also share all the wonderful information with our friends.
Climate change is basically known as a change in the structure of the climate, which has been running for many decades and centuries. Various natural factors that change the nature of the Earth’s atmosphere are also known as ecosystems which are pressurized on the environment.These special external systems, which put pressure on the environment, may be natural, such as variation in Earth’s orbit, inequality in solar radiation, volcanic eruptions, plate tectonics, etc. and various human activities such as greenhouse gas, carbon emissions etc.
Various activities of human beings, such as deforestation, excessive use of land have also been included in this particular external system to bring about change in the environment, the formation of different conditions has been made naturally as it involves ocean activity. It includes-environmental variability and the presence of life on Earth.
Climate change refers to the change in the environmental conditions of the earth. This happens due to many internal and external factors. The climatic change has become a global concern over the last few decades. Besides, these climatic changes affect life on the earth in various ways. These climatic changes are having various impacts on the ecosystem and ecology. Due to these changes, a number of species of plants and animals have gone extinct.
When Did it Start?
The climate started changing a long time ago due to human activities but we came to know about it in the last century. During the last century, we started noticing the climatic change and its effect on human life. We started researching on climate change and came to know that the earth temperature is rising due to a phenomenon called the greenhouse effect. The warming up of earth surface causes many ozone depletion, affect our agriculture, water supply, transportation, and several other problems.
Reason Of Climate Change
Although there are hundreds of reason for the climatic change we are only going to discuss the natural and manmade (human) reasons.
Natural Reasons These include volcanic eruption, solar radiation, tectonic plate movement, orbital variations. Due to these activities, the geographical condition of an area become quite harmful for life to survive. Also, these activities raise the temperature of the earth to a great extent causing an imbalance in nature.Human ReasonsMan due to his need and greed has done many activities that not only harm the environment but himself too. Many plant and animal species go extinct due to human activity. Human activities that harm the climate include deforestation, using fossil fuel, industrial waste, a different type of pollution and many more. All these things damage the climate and ecosystem very badly. And many species of animals and birds got extinct or on a verge of extinction due to hunting.Effects Of Climatic ChangeThese climatic changes have a negative impact on the environment. The ocean level is rising, glaciers are melting, CO2 in the air is increasing, forest and wildlife are declining, and water life is also getting disturbed due to climatic changes. Apart from that, it is calculated that if this change keeps on going then many species of plants and animals will get extinct. And there will be a heavy loss to the environment.What will be Future?If we do not do anything and things continue to go on like right now then a day in future will come when humans will become extinct from the surface of the earth. But instead of neglecting these problems we start acting on then we can save the earth and our future.
Although humans mistake has caused great damage to the climate and ecosystem. But, it is not late to start again and try to undo what we have done until now to damage the environment. And if every human start contributing to the environment then we can be sure of our existence in the future.
Deforestation is the removal, destruction, or deforestation of another species intentionally, naturally or by accident. It can occur in any densely populated area of trees and other plant species, but most of them currently occur in the Amazon rain forest.
Loss of trees and other vegetation can cause climate change, increased desertification, soil erosion, fewer crops, floods, increased greenhouse gases, and more problems for indigenous peoples.
Deforestation occurs for a number of reasons, including farming, with 80% deforestation from large-scale cattle farming, and logging and development. It has been going on for thousands of years, apparently since man began his transformation from hunter / gatherer to agricultural-based communities, and he sought out large, unrestricted land tracks to keep cattle, crops, and houses. It was only after the beginning of the modern era that the plague broke out.
The Environmental Impact of High-Forests Deforestation
Loss of Habitat
One of the most dangerous and unfortunate consequences of deforestation is the loss of species and the loss of species. 70% of the world’s species of animals and plant species live in forests. It is not only deforestation that threatens the species we know, but also those that do not.
The trees of the forest that provide shelter for other species also provide a temperature-controlled bed. Deforestation is causing more and more global warming, such as desertification, which can kill many residents.
Increased Heat Gases
In addition to the loss of habitat, the lack of trees also allows a large amount of greenhouse gases to be released into the air. Healthy forests absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, acting as carbon dioxide. Deforested areas lose that ability and release more carbon.
Water in the Atmosphere
Trees also help control the water level in the atmosphere by helping to regulate the water cycle. In forested areas, there is little air in the air that should be returned to the soil. This in turn creates dry soil and inability to grow crops.
Environmental Impact of Deforestation From Below
Soil erosion and flooding
Other effects of deforestation include soil erosion and coastal flooding. Trees help the soil to store more water and soil, providing rich nutrients for further forest life.
Outside the forests, the soil is eroded and washed away, allowing farmers to move forward and continue the cycle. Barren land left behind by these unsustainable agricultural practices could be at risk of flooding, especially along coastal areas.
Effects of Deforestation on Indigenous Peoples
Destruction of the Homelands
With the removal of vast tracts of forest, it allows the exposed land to get there and die and the habitats of countless species have been destroyed, and indigenous communities that live there and rely on the forest for their livelihood are also at risk.
Deforestation has an immediate and direct impact on their way of life that we in the industrialized parts of the world, despite our reliance on what the rain forest has to offer, will never know. The rate of speed is increasingly increasing for indigenous peoples.
National governments with rainforests on their borders often try to drive out indigenous peoples before cutting clear boundaries. This is one of the consequences of deforestation.
Jeff Bezos ,(born January 12, 1964) Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S., entrepreneur who played a key role in the growth of e-commerce as the founder and chief executive officer of Amazon an online merchant of books and later of a wide variety of products. Under his guidance, Amazon became the largest retailer on the world wide Web and the model for Internet sales.
Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon.com, was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico in 1964. His mother, Jackie, was in her teens when he was born and she was only married to his biological father for about a year. She married Mike Bezos when Jeff was four years old. Mike was a Cuban who escaped to the United States when he was fifteen. He put himself through college in New Mexico and eventually became an engineer at Exxon.Jeff went to Princeton and studied electrical engineering and computer science. He graduated summa cum laude in 1986 with a GPA of 4.3 on a 4.0 scale.After he graduated from Princeton, Jeff joined a high-tech startup in New York called FITEL. After two years at FITEL, he joined Bankers Trust Company.
At Bankers Trust, he setup…show more content…He helped the company build the most technically advanced hedge funds on Wall Street. In 1994, Jeff read a statistic that said the Internet was growing at a rate of 2300% per year. He decided to leave D.E. Shaw and Company to form Amazon.com, which he named after the seemingly endless South American River.He and his wife, MacKenzie, drove to Seattle to be close to a book wholesaler called Ingram. Jeff, a programmer named Shel Kaphan, and a contractor named Paul Barton-Davis built the prototype for Amazon.com in Jeff’s garage in Seattle.
They spent a year developing database programs and creating the website.Jeff raised a million dollars to finance the company through twenty-two angel investors, whom consisted of family, friends, and former colleagues. On July 16, 1995, Amazon.com went live to the world and Jeff told the testers to spread the word that it was open. Within 30 days, the company had sold books to all fifty states and forty-five foreign counties. By September, the site had sales of $20,000 a week. Jeff has a unique management style. He invokes loyalty from his employees and most of them see him as a colleague. He has a distinctive, loud laugh that he uses to “charm and disarm” people. He is known as a fun person to work with, but his employees and investors know that he is serious about his company.
When Jeff Bezos first started his virtual venture, he wanted to call the company Cadabra, as in abracadabra. He phoned his Seattle lawyer to try out the name, but the attorney misheard Bezos and replied, “Cadaver! Why would you want to call your company that?” Bezos quickly reconsidered and adopted the name Amazon.com, after the world’s second-largest river.Despite Amazon’s stunning revenue numbers—the company’s gross profit in 2019 neared $115 billion—it hardly ever declares a major profit, as Bezos’ strategy has always been to reinvest profits into the company’s growth. But that doesn’t bother Jeff Bezos. “To be profitable [now] would be would be a bad decision,” he told PC Week. “This is a critical formative time if you believe in investing in the future.” By expanding the site’s offerings far beyond it’s initial book inventory, Bezos has turned Amazon into the largest online retailer in the world. “There are always three or four brands that matter,” Bezos told PC Week. “With the lead we have today, we should be the No. 1 player.”Amazon’s runaway growth has made Jeff Bezos the richest man in the world. By owning 12 percent of the company, Bezos’ net worth is estimated to be $116 billion. He maintains the world’s richest man status despite going through a divorce in with wife MacKenzie, who received 4% of Amazon in the settlement (valued at $38 billion). But you wouldn’t know how rich Bezos is from his pay stub. He has collected the same $81,840 salary from the company for over two decades.
Sylvia Plath deals with multi-dimensional themes in her poetry but she has worked mainly with the theme of death and suicides. In all of Plath’s poetry the theme of death is very prominent. Plath’s work is heavily autobiographical which depicts her life and influenced her poetic sensibility. Three biographical facts should be taken into consideration in order to understand Plath’s poetry: premature death of her father, the separation from her husband Ted, Hughes and her suicide attempts- first unsuccessful at twenty-one and the final one on her thirtieth year.
Confessional poets like Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton and John Berryman in their poetry glorified the personal and private, expressing their innermost secrets aloud for all to hear. They all died of self-inflicted deaths. When these confessional poets speaks of their breakdown and failures, they drew themselves deep into sorrow and despair, often resulting in thoughts of self-destruction, which formed the major theme of their poem. Plath in her poem ‘Lady Lazarus’ speaks of her previous suicide attempts and in ‘Daddy’ the memory of her father had to be shaken off to breathe freely.
The Tokyo Olympics 2020 was planned to commence on July 2020 but due to the Corona Virus Pandemic, it was postponed many times. After a long wait, the Olympics has finally begun today. But this huge delay has come with an unimaginable cost.
Tokyo is estimated to have spent over $70 million on bidding for the Olympics and an estimated $15.4 billion to build facilities to host it. The one-year delay due to Covid-19 is said to have added $3 billion in costs. The Olympics had been postponed for the first time in its 124 years of existence. Due to this, it would be very hard to turn a profit from the Olympics this time. For instance, ticket sales would contribute $800 million for the Tokyo organizing committee. But this much revenue from tickets is impossible, given that foreign spectators are banned, and domestic fans may be drastically limited in number, or even absent for a lot of events.
In 2019, Japan hosted 31.9 million foreign visitors, who spent approximately $44 billon. These numbers fell down 87% in 2020 to just 4.1 million. Olympics officials said last year that they will refund 600,000 tickets purchased by foreigners. Outsiders not being able to come to the Olympics also means that hotels in Tokyo, especially the ones built around the Olympic stadiums for their accommodation, will go to waste and suffer huge losses.
More than 60 Japanese companies together paid more than $3 billion to sponsor the Olympics. An additional $200 million was also raised due to the postponement. This amount does not include the sponsorship from big corporations like Toyota, Bridgestone, Panasonic, and Samsung.
To add to this misfortune, there could be a lot of participants from many countries who may have suffered from COVID in the last year and aren’t physically or mentally prepared to participate in the postponed Olympics. Many countries may have strict rules that allow limited participants to take part in the Games. On top of all this, if even one participant tests positive for COVID on arriving at the Olympics or their stay at Tokyo, it would cause major setback to the events.
This much loss due to COVID-19 has indeed drastically affected the Japanese economy. Officials said that cancelling the Games altogether would be so much worse than postponing, which would have estimated to cost $16.5 billion. All this led everyone to think, does Olympics need to be this grand and expensive? Is it all that worth it? The 2016 Rio Summer Olympics cost $20 billion, and the 2014 Russian Winter Olympics cost $50 billion! Some experts say that the 2020 Tokyo Games might just be the last overbudget Olympics.
Pride is a month-long LGBTQ+ celebration protest and an act of political activism all over the world. Nearly every city in some country has some sort of big event- usually a large parade.
Pride is dated back to the 1960s and was to commemorate the stonewall riots which occurred in June. Hence pride events are held during June to recognize the impact of the LGBTQ+ community.
Straight pride is a slogan that arose in the late 1980s and early 1990s and has been used primarily by social conservation groups as a political statement or strategy. The term is described as a response to gay pride.
The concept of pride originates as a movement that seeks to challenge the negative image of LGBT people being openly identified with a cultural stigmatized group; as such, it creates discomfort.
In this context, the terms straight pride and heterosexual pride exist as an argument criticizing gay pride as unnecessary, stating by contrast with heterosexuality that heterosexuals “don’t talk about straight pride”, don’t have “straight pride rallies”, and would be seen as ridiculous if they were to “band together and have a heterosexual pride.
This argument expresses the idea that showing pride for a homosexual orientation is equally absurd. Analysts of LGBT rights state as a counter-argument that mainstream culture offers many social events (weddings, baptism, family reunions and so on) for heterosexuals to express and celebrate their sexual orientation in public, while homosexuals usually feel isolated and parades offer them support and an opportunity for socializing.
Examples of straight pride:
A typical example is that people from Boston (America) have decided to have a straight pride somewhere in August 2019.
Yellowknife, NWT (2005): In May 2005, the northern Canadian city of Yellowknife announced that it would mark both a gay and straight pride day.
Budapest, Hungary (2010): In 2010, a heterosexual pride march was held in Budapest.
Reasons why there shouldn’t be a straight pride:
Straight people don’t live with ‘heterophobia’ at schools, workplaces or places of business.
Straight people don’t get murdered for being straight.
Straight people can travel anywhere in the world without the fear of being straight.
Straight people have always been able to legally marry.
Straight people have never been jailed for being heterosexual.
Straight people aren’t called abominations for their sexual orientation.
Straight people aren’t denied medical care for being heterosexual.
Straight people aren’t told to ‘don’t ask or ‘don’t tell’ when signing up for the military or any job.
Straight people don’t have their sexual orientation used as an insult to describe anything negative.
When people ask why straight pride isn’t celebrated or why gay pride is being celebrated it’s because of the reasons listed above. Also, it feels like they are saying contributions by LGBTQ+ – a minority group of people that face constant adversity are simply not worthy of recognition. Further, they are even denying the importance and significance of identifying as LGBTQ+ and achieving things.
Hence the entire concept of straight pride should be erased.
Elon Musk(born June 28, 1971) is an businessman. He was born in South Africa. He moved to Canada and later became an American citizen. Musk is the current CEO & Chief Product Architect of Tesla, Inc., a company that makes electric vehicles. He is also the CEO of Solar City, a company that makes solar panels, and the CEO & CTO of SpaceX, an aerospace company. In August 2020, Bloomberg ranked Musk third among the richest people on the planet with net worth to be $198 billion. In January 2021, Musk became the richest person in the world with a net worth of US$209 billion.
When Jeff Bezos first started his virtual venture, he wanted to call the company Cadabra, as in abracadabra. He phoned his Seattle lawyer to try out the name, but the attorney misheard Bezos and replied, “Cadaver! Why would you want to call your company that?” Bezos quickly reconsidered and adopted the name Amazon.com, after the world’s second-largest river.
Despite Amazon’s stunning revenue numbers—the company’s gross profit in 2019 neared $115 billion—it hardly ever declares a major profit, as Bezos’ strategy has always been to reinvest profits into the company’s growth. But that doesn’t bother Jeff Bezos. “To be profitable [now] would be would be a bad decision,” he told PC Week. “This is a critical formative time if you believe in investing in the future.” By expanding the site’s offerings far beyond it’s initial book inventory, Bezos has turned Amazon into the largest online retailer in the world. “There are always three or four brands that matter,” Bezos told PC Week. “With the lead we have today, we should be the No. 1 player.”
Amazon’s runaway growth has made Jeff Bezos the richest man in the world. By owning 12 percent of the company, Bezos’ net worth is estimated to be $116 billion. He maintains the world’s richest man status despite going through a divorce in with wife MacKenzie, who received 4% of Amazon in the settlement (valued at $38 billion). But you wouldn’t know how rich Bezos is from his pay stub. He has collected the same $81,840 salary from the company for over two decades.
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