Guidelines

 

Book Chapter Publication

Authentic, scholarly and unpublished research papers are invited from academicians and writers for publication in an edited volume. The volume will be published with an ISBN (International Standard Book Number) by Edupedia Publications Pvt Ltd, New Delhi. Authors are requested to strictly follow the submission guidelines mentioned herewith in their papers. Only electronic submission via email will be accepted for publication to editor@eduindex.org

Book will be available for global readers through our distribution partners Google Books and Amazon. 

Book will be indexed in different database like Google Scholars and others to boost citation. 

Certificate of Publication will be issued to individual contributors from reputed Academic Publication of India which is UGC approved and indexed. (Edupedia Publications Pvt Ltd)

BOOK CHAPTER PUBLICATION

“Book Chapters in Upcoming Books”

Send typed manuscript in English only for publication, we don’t entertain book chapters in other languages.

Submission Guidelines

• Manuscript must be written in English language.
• File must be in Microsoft Word format (Preferably Word 2007).
• Paper size: A4, Font & size: Times New Roman 12, whereas the title must be in 14 point size, bold.
• Word limit: Minimum 1000 and Maximum 4000
• Abstract: 300 words
• The authors will have to strictly follow MLA 7th edition in their papers.
• Each manuscript must carry a self-declaration that it is an original work and has not been published/ sent for publication anywhere else.
• A brief bio-note of 150 words of the respective authors should be attached towards the end of the paper.

How to Submit Book Chapters 


Authors are requested to submit their manuscript to editor@eduindex.org

Last Date of Submission and Publication Date

The last date of submission: by the End of the Month.

Publication will be completed in
Acceptance or rejection of the paper will be intimated within 7 days of submission. A publication fee of Rs. 1500 will be chargeable after the selection of paper. Each contributor will get a complimentary copy.

NO Publication Fee 

There won’t be any publication fee as such. If authors wish to take printed copy of the published book, then he/she need to pay just Rs 1500 per copy.  Printed Certificate Rs 100 each. 

How to Pay Fee

using PayPal to editor@eduindex.org or for UPI OPEN THIS LINK


Book Publisher 

EDUindex

New Delhi, India

https://books.eduindex.org

 

FAQs

 

Frequently Asked Questions

  • Spotlight is an invite-only program built to provide a unique publishing solution for aspiring thought leaders. Our exclusive team of book experts will help you build, publish and promote your book worldwide and establish your global author brand.

  • What is the difference between Brand and Incubate?

    You have your manuscript, you want a global author brand. With our best marketing experts working on your book, day in and day out, we will do just that – position your book correctly, align the entire publishing process to the positioning and promote it to the right audience at the right time.

    In short, Brand includes,

    • Book positioning
    • An all-inclusive marketing strategy
    • An Amazon prime listing for 6 months

    Incubate includes all the services in Brand plus Retail display and Book PR.

    This means that you will get everything in Brand plus

    • Author Interviews
    • Online PR
    • Book Reviews
    • Book fair display

  • Does the Spotlight team work with any aspiring writer?

    The answer is no.

    • First of all, the program is currently open ONLY for nonfiction writers.
    • Secondly, we are looking for thinkers, for people with deep knowledge about their subject. Do you think you’re one of them? Plus, if you don’t know what you’re talking about, it’s going to be hard to sell the idea.
    • Do you know what you want from your book? Because the publishing industry is very different, which means the RoI works differently too. So we need someone with realistic expectations.
    • Most importantly, we are in the business of spreading ideas so we take this very seriously. We are looking for driven writers who are in it to ride or die – because that’s how we roll.

  • Is there any author who should not pick Spotlight?

    Yes, of course. You should not pick Spotlight if

    • You don’t know why you’re publishing your book. You need to know exactly what you’re doing this for and why you’re doing it.
    • You are a fiction writer. We’re currently catering to nonfiction writers. However, we’ll keep you updated. We intend to launch a custom-build program for fiction writers soon.
    • You aren’t very sure about the subject you intend to write about. Like we mentioned earlier, we don’t have ghostwriters to research and write your books for you. The book is yours, so you have to know what you’re talking about.

  • How do I know if I am eligible for the Spotlight Program?

    • You must be a subject matter expert and your book must be in the same area of expertise that you are from. In other words, you must know your book’s subject deeply enough to write about it.
    • You must have a clear objective for writing this book. If you don’t have an objective, then you might not be clear about what you want from this book.
    • You must have basic writing skills. You don’t need to be a literature graudate to write a book, but you will need to have a basic command over written English.
    • You need to have a clear understanding of how books work, and a reasonable expectation for ROI This means there needs to be a purpose behind writing the book as your ROI is based on your objective.

  • What is assisted writing?

    The biggest struggle writers face when they decide to publish a book is writing it. This could be because of lack of time, being unsure about how to go about your idea or because writers don’t know how to give their knowledge some structure. Our assisted writing program’s sole purpose is to help you turn your idea into a full-blown book. You will work with our in-house book authoring coach, who will help you from start to finish.

    This means that they will:

    • figure out the book’s objective
    • identify the right audience for it
    • help you create a chapter outline
    • give you an extensive writing plan, with pitstops and guidelines
    • ensure that you stick to your deadlines, with regular follow-ups
    • stick with you until you finish writing your final draft

EDUpub

Publishing services of the highest quality and the most affordable rates is what you get at EDUpub. We are the fastest growing publishing company in the world, with a growing author community of more than 1,000 authors. Publishing a book has been made significantly easier with our guided publishing program and our EDUpub publishing platform. 

Submit your manuscript, sit back and relax as our book experts build your book one page at a time or use our pre-made templates to publish your book on our platform. To put it concisely, EDUpub offers the best way to publish books with the integration of quality services and innovation in technology. 

Talk to our publishing experts, get your free publishing plan, write mail to editor@pen2print.org 

Publishing Process

Book Publishing Process

1. Reviewing the idea

Send us your completed manuscript if you have already finsihed writing or a small summary of your book idea if you are planning to write and we’ll review it and get back to you in 24 hours. After this, you’ll sign a contract and we’ll assign a Spotlight Publishing Manager for your project.

2. Positioning your brand

Our book authoring coach will work with you to figure out the objective of your book, who will benefit from it and what your selling point is. This is important because the rest of the writing and publishing process will depend on it.

3. Creating the content plan

The main objective of assisted writing is to create structure and direction for you when you write your book. So the first thing we’ll do is create an outline for your book, which will be the framework for the entire project. Your coach will also help you figure out your writing plan and schedule your writing with you.

4. Helping you write

From chapter templates to the structure and the writing style, your book authoring coach will be with you until the finish line, making sure you get exactly what you envision for your book. Of course, every word in the book will be yours. The writing coach will not try to change the content. In short, we won’t ghostwrite.

5. Editing your manuscript

Editing will begin once the writing ends when you have a full manuscript in hand. An editor will thoroughly copy edit your book and ensure that there are no language-related or hygiene issues in your script.

6. Designing your cover

Our team of cover designers will analyze the positioning of your book, do thorough research and create cover options for you. Of course, your input will play a major role in the design of the cover.

7. Distributing your book

Apart from making your book available on all major online stores worldwide, we will make sure your book is available in 15 premium bookstores in the country.

8. Promoting your brand

Our book marketing experts will work with you for 3 months to build a strong content marketing plan for you and will also run a 360-degree campaign to give your book sales a boost.

After which, we will also train you to sustain the branding efforts to build your brand.

Use your book as a Branding tool

Are you a professional speaker? Do you want to increase your credibility and promote your brand? Work with an exclusive team of book experts, who will help you position your brand correctly, to the right audience.

Advertise with Us

 

Increase Your Web Traffic and Sales Leads.    

Is your company is looking to increase its customer base and market penetration? 

Do you want to get in front of an audience of active readers?

If you answered yes to both of the questions above, you have come to the right place. 

  • Banner ads 
    • $275 per banner ad for one-month
  • Email advertising through EDUpub Publishing Company
    • $275 per email message

Our digital marketing/advertising methods allow you to get your brand and message in front of an audience of active medical professionals devoted to wound care and/or hyperbaric medicine.

Reach Your Target Audience

Cost-Effective Advertising

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p align=”center”>Increase Your Sales and Web Traffic 

Contact Us: editor@pen2print.org 

With over 50 years in business, our publications have demonstrated success in the marketplace and proven longevity.

We invite you to take advantage of these effective and affordable marketing/advertising opportunities.

We look forward to working with you!

Publish With Us

 

Inspire, Teach, and Encourage Others With Your Work

EDUpub Publishing Company we understand that your work is more than just a book. It’s a passion, and perhaps, even a calling. That’s why we’ve made it easy for you to professionally publish your book and begin to impact the lives of others through your writing.

If you are the author of a manuscript that pertains to any aspect of diving, hyperbaric medicine, or wound care, EDUpub Publishing Company may be interested helping you publish this material. We have published more than 300 books on these subjects since 1966, and sell our publications worldwide. EDUpub Publishing Company is the largest publisher books and book chapters related to different fields. 

You furnish the manuscript, photos, charts, and illustrations, and we provide design, layout, pre-press work, sales, marketing, warehousing, and distribution.

Please contact EDUpub Publishing Company and request a copy of our Publishing Guidelines. These guidelines will give you the information you will need for an initial contact with EDUpub, materials to be submitted, materials review, manuscript formats, photos, royalties, pricing, and the numerous advantages of publishing with EDUpub Publishing Company.

To get published contact us.

Email: editor@pen2print.org 

About

Welcome to Books and Book Chapters, if you wish to get your scholarly books and book chapters published then you are at the right place. We help scholars in getting published books and book chapters. We are associated with many big publication companies around the word.

Send mail to editor@pen2print.org

 


Disclaimer

 

Publisher Disclaimers

Books and Research Publications: 

The opinions expressed in our published works are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the opinions of Edupedia Publications Pvt Ltd (referred to as EduPub) or its Editors.

Information contained in our published works have been obtained by EduPub from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither EDUPUB nor its authors guarantees the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein and neither Best Publishing Company nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or claims for damages, including exemplary damages, arising out of use, inability to use, or with regard to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information contained in BPC publications.

Neither the editor, authors, publisher, or any other party associated with the production of EDUPub published diving manuals/works accept responsibility for any accident or injury resulting from the use of materials contained herein. Diving is an activity that has inherent risks. An individual may experience injury that can result in disability or death. All persons who wish to engage in diving activities must receive professional instructions. EDUPub  published diving manuals/works do not constitute legal, medical, or other professional advice. Information in EDUPub publications is current as of the date of the printing.

All rights reserved. No part of any EDUPub published work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher.

Medical Related Publications:

The opinions expressed in our published works are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the opinions of EDUPub Publishing Company (referred to as EDUPub) or its Editors.

Information contained in our published works have been obtained by EDUPub from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither EDUPub Book Publishing Company nor its authors guarantees the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein and neither EDUPub Book Publishing Company nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or claims for damages, including exemplary damages, arising out of use, inability to use, or with regard to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information contained in EDUPub publications.

No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher or Editors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of product liability, negligence, or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, product, instructions, or ideas contained in the published material. No suggested test or procedure should be carried out unless, in the reader’s judgment, its risk is justified. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, we recommend that the independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. Information in this publication is current as of the date of the printing.

All rights reserved. No part of any EDUPub published work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher.

Privacy Policy

Welcome to Edupedia Publications Pvt Ltd (“Edupedia Publications,” “we,” “our,” or “us”). We are committed to protecting your privacy and ensuring the security of your personal information. This Privacy Policy outlines how we collect, use, disclose, and safeguard your personal data when you interact with our website, products, and services. By using our website or providing your information to us, you consent to the practices described in this Privacy Policy.Information We Collect: We may collect various types of information, including but not limited to:Personal Information: Your name, email address, postal address, phone number, and other identifying information that you voluntarily provide to us when registering, contacting us, or purchasing our products and services.
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You may choose not to receive marketing communications from us by following the opt-out instructions in the emails we send.
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Contact Us: If you have any questions or concerns about this Privacy Policy or our data practices, please contact us at:
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Please take a moment to review this Privacy Policy carefully. By using our website or providing your information to us, you acknowledge that you have read, understood, and agreed to the practices described herein.

Authors Guide 101: How Books Are Publish

 

Authors Guide 101: How Books Are Publish

Image source

Many dreamers and writers with excellent writing skills wish to write a book at least once in their life. While some like to keep their manuscripts private, many like us crave to get them published. 

Writing a book for the first time is itself exacting and challenging, and getting it in front of readers and figuring out how to get it published is another real deal the first-timers face. 

How Books Are Publish

If you are also the one who has always dreamt of publishing a book, this little guide is for you to have a basic idea of what goes behind the publishing process. The better you know the publishing process and how it works, the more you can make your wish come true.

1.   Select Your Publishing Route

Before you proceed with publishing, first analyze if you want to go with self-publish or traditional publishing. Taking this note will guide you towards the right path, and you can identify which publishing method is suitable for you.

2.   Choose A Suitable Title

Nail down an unforgettable title for your book. The more impressive your title is, the better will be the sale. Settle for the one that matches your manuscript, and don’t make it complicated.

The title you choose to name your book should be clear to your audience and should offer value to the ones reading your book. 

Some of the question to keep in mind while choosing your topics are:

·       Is your title short enough to read from a thumbnail image?

·       Does it fascinate you?

·       Can your title have an impact on one’s life?

·       Is it capable enough to extract an emotional response?

Keeping the title short is always in the fashion and best sellers today only have one or two-word title because it is easy for the readers to acquire and understand. 

3.   Design A Cover That Converts

A well-designed cover is essential to get your book to convert into sales. This visual representation provides the first impression to your audience. If gone wrong, it will stay wrong because the first impression is always the last one. 

Your cover page should be eye-catching, attractive and appeal to your audience. It should be correct according to your prose genre and let your audience know that this is the book they need to read next. 

To make a cover look appealing, go for the minimalist design; exaggerated ones will confuse your audience, and they might lose interest in the first place.

Image source

Make sure your cover is tailored according to your target audience. If the book is for an influential reader, it should not be gloomy or dreary because that makes no sense, and you’ll want to bring lights to it.

4.   Get Feedback From Others

Third-party feedback can be of great benefit to you. As soon as you are done with your book, go to trusted critics, see what they think, ask them to evaluate your manuscript and provide accurate feedback.  

You can also help them provide honest feedback. How? You can distribute anonymous forms among your critics or appraisers and ask relevant questions on different elements such as protagonist and antagonist, storyline, prose, etc. 

You can also use rating forms, as I did to write my essay for me; they are comparatively much easier to evaluate. But while taking the feedback, make sure you go to the qualified ones and also ask them to propose the solution, not just point it. 

5.   Pitch A Good Book Editor 

Hiring a good editor can become a life-changer for you. Don’t rush in this stage and take as much time as you want and find a great editor for your book.  

Make sure the editor you choose is a good fit for your niche and interested in the subject matter so they can proofread and edit your book in less than a month and include back-and-forth revisions wherever needed.

A good editor can either make you a best-selling author or an ordinary one. Therefore, be wise in choosing the right editor for your book and make sure his edits are accurate and make sense to you. 

Look in your circle if you can find a qualified one. If you cannot, that’s not a big deal either. Hanging on your budget, you can hire a cheap assignment writing service or a professional book editor or a budget-friendly editor from any freelancing platform like Fiverr, Upwork or Aquent, etc. Before settling for the one, don’t forget to check references and portfolios of their work.

6.   Create A Kindle Direct Publishing Account 

When you feel that your book is ready to hit the market and plan to self-publish it, you can start your publishing process by signing up for a KDP account. 

To upload your book on a kindle publishing account:

1.     Locate and click on “your bookshelf.”

2.     Next, click on “kindle e-book actions.”

3.     Third step involves clicking on “edit eBook content.”

4.     And then, click on “upload eBook manuscript”.

5.     Now, upload your book from the computer.

Amazon lets you select numbers of keywords so your book can easily reach your intended audience. You can also check other best-selling books from your niche and look at what keywords their author have chosen. 

Once amazon completes uploading your file, you will be sent a confirmation message to preview the uploaded file and look for the errors. After uploading your book, create your amazon author central account, add your link, bio, photographs, etc. and few steps after this, you’ll be ready to publish your book and don’t forget to click “save and publish” in the book editing screen.

Conclusion

if you are an apprentice and planning to publish a book, Amazon is the right platform for you. But after you publish your book, don’t forget to market it to the fullest. You can leverage blog posts and connect with other authors ready to cross-promote or employ third-party services that cater to your book’s intended audience. 

Author bio

Stella Lincoln is an Assistant Editor at Assignment Assistance, a perfect place for higher education students to get their essay help at reasonable rates. She is a travel buff and loves to stroll around the city during her free times.

YOGA: FOR A HEALTHY BODY AND A CALM MIND

On this day seven years ago, the United Nations on 11th December 2014 announced 21st June as the international yoga day. The aim behind it was to “globally raise awareness regarding the benefits of practicing yoga”.

All About Yoga: Poses, Types, Benefits, and More | Everyday Health


Yoga, in the words of late practitioner B.K.S Iyengar is a way of maintaining a balanced attitude in day-to-day life and endows skill in the performance of one’s actions.

Since the onset of the pandemic followed by a nationwide lockdown, the amount of physical activity performed by an individual has declined at an alarming rate. The gyms shut down while the permission to leave the house only for essentials has made the human body quite lethargic and stiff. But yoga is one of the few ways where an individual can maintain their physical and mental health without the need of stepping out of the house.

So, on this yoga day, let’s talk about a couple of asanas that help one with weight loss.

Using yoga for weight loss is a pretty debatable topic. Many believe it alone can’t promote weight loss unless it’s combined with a healthy diet. By combining yoga with a healthy diet not only does it helps in losing weight but also keeps the mind and the body healthy. 

One of the reasons for weight gain is neither binge eating nor lack of physical activities but stress. Stress can have a disastrous effect on one’s mind and body. It often reveals itself in the form of insomnia, anxiety, lack of concentration and pain. Combining yoga with stress management techniques; not only helps in weight loss but also helps in maintaining good physical and mental health.

Talking about the asanas, they don’t immediately produce a result as the poses are simple but, they focus more on increasing body flexibility, improving concentration, and building one’s muscle tone. Once the body gets used to it, only then it starts to show the results. The asanas used for weight loss are as follows.

1. Chaturangadandasana (the plank pose)

How to Do Low Plank (Chaturanga Dandasana)

Chaturangadandasana or the plank pose mainly to strengthens the core muscles. The benefits of this asana are contradictory to the way it’s performed. To perform this, you have to hug your elbows to your side while making sure your upper arms are parallel to the floor. 

2. Virabhadrasana (the warrior pose)

Warrior Pose (Veerabhadrasana or Virabhadrasana) | The Art of Living

Virabhadrasana or the warrior pose helps in toning the thighs and shoulders while increasing one’s concentration. It also improves the balance of the body and tones the back end, arms and legs. While contracting abdominal muscles while holding the pose helps in attaining a flat belly. It works more effectively the longer one can hold this pose. 

3. Trikonasana (the triangle pose)

Triangle Pose (Trikonasana) | Yoga Garden San Francisco Bay Area

Trikonasana or the triangle pose helps in improving digestion and reducing fat accumulation in the belly and waist. This pose improves the blood circulation in the entire body and, its unique lateral motion helps to burn belly and waist fat while strengthening the thigh muscles and the hamstrings. 

4. Adho Mukha Svanasana (the downward dog pose)

How to Do Downward Facing Dog (Adho Mukha Svanasana)

Adho Mukha Svanasana or the downward dog pose benefits the body by toning it and strengthening the arms, thighs, back and hamstring. It also improves blood circulation, and the concentration when one holds the pose concentrates solely on breathing.

5. Sarvangasana (the shoulder stand)

How to do Sarvangasana | Shoulder Stand Step | Benefits Sarvangasana


Sarvangasana or the shoulder stand pose has multiple benefits. It increases strength, and improves digestion of the body and is also known for boosting the metabolism and balancing the thyroid levels. It also strengthens the upper body, legs and abdominal muscles while improving one’s sleeping pattern and respiratory system.

6. Sethu Bandha Sarvangasana (the bridge pose)

How to Do Supported Bridge (Setu Bandha Sarvangasana)


Sethu Bandha Sarvangasana or the bridge pose is excellent for weight loss, glutes and maintaining thyroid levels. This pose helps in toning and strengthen the back muscles, improve digestion and thyroid levels while regulating the hormones and reducing back pain.

7. Dhanurasana (the bow pose)

HOW TO BOW POSE/ DHANURASANA🎀⁠ ⁠ follow @yogarove⁠ follow @yogarove⁠ ⁠ Bow pose is a DEEP chest opener a… | How to do yoga, Yoga for beginners, Yoga poses pictures


Dhanurasana or the bow pose massages the abdominal muscles while strengthening the thighs, chest, and back muscles. This pose stretches the entire body while improving blood circulation.

Yoga, which originated in India, is a revival method for body and mind. It is a traditional form used by people of all age groups who yearn for a healthy body and mind. It benefits every single part of the body and also helps in relaxing the mind. This age-old tradition has been accepted and praised worldwide for its effectiveness and has helped maintain a healthy body and a relaxed mind.

DRAUPADI : BOOK REVIEW

MAHASHWETA DEVI

Set in the late 1960s and early 1970s, against the backdrop of the dense forests of Jharkhand and Bengal where a large tribal population is present, the story is an account of the harrowing experiences of Dopdi Mejhen, while she was in police custody for inciting a tribal uprising and murdering an upper class landowner. The undercurrent of the story is dark and chilling and harks back to the time of the Naxalite uprising in 1967.

In the story, the protagonist, Dopdi Mejhen is a young woman of 27 years. She is a political extremist and outlaw. A bounty of One Hundred Rupees is placed on her head. The story is set against the Naxalite movement in
Bengal during 1967. Dopdi Mejhen belongs to the Santhal tribe. She is Robin Hood like figure to
the landless peasants of Bhakuli. She, her husband Dulna Majhi, along with
their comrades are responsible for the killing of wealthy landlord Surja Sahu
and his son, which explains the bounty placed on her head. The tension
between the peasants and upper caste men exists because of the drought
in the area. The peasants attacked and killed the landlord one night, who
had occupied all the wells and tube wells which were the only source of
water for the village. This incident brought upon the fury of the government
which launched Operation Forest in order to capture the escaped couple,
Dopdi and Dhulna, who are believed to be hiding in the Jharkhani forests,
which explains the deployment of the antagonist of the story, Senanayak,
an elderly Bengali specialist in combat and extreme left politics as explained
by the author.

Senanayak is adamant to capture Dropdi, in which he succeeds in the end. Senanayak’s hunt for Draupadi and other tribal extremist revolutionaries has already instilled in the latter an experienced knowledge that if they are caught, they will be countered – which is not the official police encounter but rather the undocumented state sponsored killings. As she is apprehended, Senanayak feels both triumphant and despondent at the same time. This despondency is due to the fact that Dropdi chose to stake herself for her community, ululating with the force of her entire being right before she is taken into custody alerting her fellow comrades to escape, therefore outmanoeuvring the attempt of Senanayak to quell the Naxal
insurgency. Senanayak instructs the army officers to ‘do the needful’ by raping her in order to extract the information about rebel uprising. The men easily succeed in stripping Dopdi in the narrative, which is the culmination of her political punishment by the representatives of the law.

Ironically, the same officers who violated her body, insist that she covers up
once she is ‘done with’ before they can take her to Senanayak. She walks
out, naked, bruised and wounded, refusing to hide the evidence of brutality
and unwilling to be shamed. This disturbs the officers and Senanayak, who
are unsure of what to do with this woman, who forces them to confront their
own depravity. She remains publicly naked at her own insistence rather than
saving her modesty, insisting that this is the place where the male
dominance stops. She confronts Senanayak, laughing. Her laughter, bursting
forth from her bloodied lips, continues to be unintelligible to the officers,
especially Senanayak. Her laughter and her blood challenge the Senanayak
and show that she refuses to be shamed into submission. Senanayak finds
himself bereft of language, too scared to speak at the end – ‘and for the first
time Senanayak is afraid to stand before an unarmed target, terribly afraid’.
Senanayak is completely defeated as she rejects the system of male
dominance that was supposed to undermine her. Her sexually mutilated
body is a weapon of naked protest. The body raped and tortured is used as
a weapon in the end. Dropdi refuses to be emotionally wounded even
though she is physically wounded. She recognises that a woman’s body is
an asset through which they can resist the socio-political objectification of
their bodies and overcome oppression.

There is a clear resemblance between the Draupadi described in the
ancient Hindu epic, the Mahabharata and the Dopdi described in
Mahashweta Devi’s short story. They almost share the same destiny. The
Draupadi in the Mahabharata suffers terribly as she is a queen condemned
to a life of living incognito and is disrobed in the presence of the entire
court. Her dignity and prestige was compromised. Yet she was the one who
fought to win her respect back and prayed to Lord Krishna to protect her. As
mentioned in the scriptures, Lord Krishna blessed Draupadi with a saree that
was so long that its end could not be found. However, in the short story,
Dopdi is on her own and nobody comes to her rescue or to clothe her. She
fights her oppressors while being fully naked and her nudity becomes her
strength as it forces her rapists to come face-to-face with the heinous crime
they had committed. Just like the Draupadi of Mahabharata refused to tie
her hair till she bathed in the blood of Duryodhana, the Dopdi of Devi’s story
refuses to wear her clothes till her rapists realise the implications of their
actions. Devi presents a strong woman who, despite facing marginalisation
and exploitation, transgresses conventional sexual and societal standards.
Dopdi subverts the physicality of her body from powerlessness to powerful
resistance.

Income Inequality in India

Income inequality refers to the unevenness in the distribution of income throughout the population. In India, income inequality has emerged as one of the major economic problem and is increasing. According to World Inequality Report 2018, inequality in India has increased substantially from the 1980s onwards. The top 0.1 per cent earners have captured more growth than bottom 50 per cent all combined.
There are several reasons for this inequality. Firstly there is an extreme concentration of wealth and economic power in the hands of large industrialists. They have acquired massive assets over time. This can be due to easy availability of money in form of loans from banks. Secondly, inequalities have existed for a very long time, since the time of colonialization. The zamindari system was responsible for inequalities in land ownership which resulted in concentration of tangible wealth. Even though zamindari system was abolished, the damage had been done. The concentration of land ownership could not be broken. Even today, the main reason for income inequalities in rural areas is the concentration of ownership of lands.

Another reason for income inequality is the rising capital intensity of technology. Over the years, due to digital tsunami and consecutive rise of IT sectors, the demand for labour have significantly reduced over the demand for capital. Reduction in wages and unemployment has increased. More skilled workers have a higher demand and wage in comparison to low skilled workers. This has contributed towards increasing gap in income levels. Furthermore, there exists urban bias in private investments. Mostly rural people are the ones who are not very advanced with the technology. Majority of population in India belongs to rural sector and therefore a pattern of urban bias is observed in private investments. It can be seen as the use of highly mechanised projects. Here the share of wages added is relatively low. This naturally leads to inequality in income distribution and wealth accumulations.
Inflation has also greatly contributed in rising income inequality. It has affected the real incomes of working class while benefited traders, farmers, industrialists. Not much has been done to prevent this effect of inflation and hence the result is income inequality. Even the credit facilities are responsible for income inequalities. Large business frims or individuals have an easy access to loans and financial supply on favourable and supporting terms. They have an access to formal capital market but the vast majority of small marginal farmers, labours etc. do not have this. They depend largely on moneylenders who exploit them by charging high interest rates.
The government has desperately tried to curb these inequalities by taking various measures. Various land reforms and redistribution of agricultural land has taken place and the government has even tried to control monopolies and restrictive trade practices. Several employment and wage policies and social security measures have been undertaken and special programmes for the upliftment of rural population have been taken up. Even then, income inequality exists. All of these measures have little impact on poverty and thus inequality continues to grow.