POWER OF CREATIVE THINKING

WHAT IS CREATIVITY THINKING?

Creative thinking is the capacity to think about something in an another or new manner. It might be a new approach to a problem, a resolution to a conflict between employees, or a new result from a data set. Managers in all enterprises need representatives who can think creatively and carry new points of view to the work environment. Creative thinking implies thinking out of the box. Frequently, creativity includes lateral thinking, which is the capacity to see patterns that are not self-evident.

Creative thinking may mean devising better approaches to do task, take care of issues, and address difficulties. It implies bringing a new, and once in a while strange, point of view to your work. This perspective can assist department and associations with being more useful. Creative thinking isn’t restricted to artistic types. Creative thinking is an ability that anybody can sustain and create.

HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR CREATIVE THINKING?

1. Step outside of your comfort zone- Research has demonstrated that perhaps the greatest obstruction for creativity is working or thinking about thoughts we’re now acquainted with. At a point when you’re confronting a creative challenge, attempt to oblige your work to a specific level (for example, when making a presentation, drive yourself to start each slide with a verb in dynamic voice). This way, you’ll urge your brain to come up with more creative answers for your work, around the restrictions you’ve set for yourself.

2. Brainstorm-Brainstorming is an ideal blend of creative thinking abilities and cooperation. It depends on thinking about an answer for an issue or a creative task, and writing down all thoughts any member recommends paying little attention to how unbelievable or awkward these might appear. Out of all the thoughts, some will be likely to be both conceivable and imaginative.

3.  Force yourself to work when you’re feeling uninspired-. In any event, when you feel like creative work is the last thing you’re equipped for, on a given day, focus on doing it in any case, yet work in restricted, brief timeframes (for instance, 20 minutes). During these periods, let nothing divert you, don’t attempt to do anything expect work that you’ve resolved to do. Assuming you compose just 5 words, define only two boundaries, or note down a solitary thought that doesn’t appear to be legit, it’s fine. When the 20 minutes are finished, enjoy some time off. At whatever point you feel prepared, start an additional 20 minutes. After a couple of iterations, you’ll notice that you get more and more done within the set chunk of time and you’ll no longer feel relieved when it’s time for a break. Soon, you’ll be back to your creative best.

4. Work, daydream, work– Many studies have recommended that detaching mentally, fantasizing, moving, or even basically snoozing helps upgrade creative thinking abilities. It is discovered that daydreaming features a vital part of fantasizing: it only works once you’ve already invested a considerable amount of time in a given project. The deeper you are in the creative process, the more unplugging for a while or daydreaming can help you further.

6 WAYS TO APPLY CREATIVE THINKING IN YOUR EVERYDAY LIFE

The following are 6 ways to apply creative thinking in your life:

1)Risk Taking: Being bold and prepared for life’s difficulties pushes you a step forward to creativity.

2)Playing: Trying to play and be funny at times allows you the opportunity to control the given issue appropriately according to what you want.

3)Regularly inquiring as to Why: Being interested and nosy, needing to pose inquiries all the time opens unlimited opportunities and possibilities.

4)Generating huge number of thoughts: By creating a major number of potential arrangements, a brilliant, special, surprising response may be found.

5)Day Dreaming:  Wondering about things related to your project frees your mind to expand its horizons and explore new ways out there.

6)Reading: Going to the library and reading for hours can support your creative mind and develop further creative mastermind.

Major boost to education sector

 Union Education Minister Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’ lauded the Union Budget 2021-22 and expressed his gratitude to Finance Minister Smt Nirmala Sitharaman for giving a major boost to education.

ShriPokhriyal highlighted that the Budget allocation for the National Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS), has been substantially increased from Rs. 175 Cr to Rs. 500 Cr in next FY 2021-22 for providing post-education apprenticeship, training of graduates and diploma holders in Engineering.He also said that an outlay of Rs. 50,000 Cr over next 5 years for National Research Foundation (NRF) will give a major boost to Innovation and R&D.

The Minister said in a big boost to education sector allocation of KVS has increased by Rs 362.32 crore and allocation of NVS increased to Rs. 320 crore w.r.t. RE 2020-21. The budget allocation of NCERT increased to Rs.110.08 crore from RE 2020-21.

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Highlights of Budget 2021-22 –Department of Higher Education

 

1.   In this FY 2020-21, the BE was Rs. 39466.52 Cr, which has been rationalised to  Rs. 32900 Cr, due to Covid-19. BE for the next year 2021-22 has been kept at  Rs.  38350.65 Cr, which is more than 5450.65 Cr more than the current year RE.

 

2.   Out of the Total BE of Rs. 38350.65 Cr, Provisions for Establishment, Autonomous Bodies(ABs), and Schemes are as below:

(i)Establishment: Rs. 247.44 Cr

(ii)Autonomous Bodies(ABs): 29023.78 Cr

(iii)       Schemes Total: Rs. 9069.43 Cr

(a)Centrally Sponsored Schemes: Rs. 3000 Cr [RUSA]

(b)Central Sector Schemes: Rs. 6069.43 Cr

 

3.   In our flagship scheme RashtriyaUchchatarShikshaAbhiyan (RUSA), a budget provision of Rs. 3000 Cr has been kept for the next FY 2021-22, in comparison to   Rs. 300 Cr in current year.

 

4.   Budget allocation for the National Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS), has been substantially increased from Rs. 175 Cr to Rs. 500 Cr in next FY 2021-22 for providing post-education apprenticeship, training of graduates and diploma holders in Engineering.

 

5.   Some New Initiatives like- Opening of BhartiyaBhasa University & Institute of Translation, Indian Knowledge System, Academic Bank of Credit, PM e-Vidya, Multidisciplinary Education and Research Improvement in Technical Education (MERITE) shall be implemented in line with the NEP recommendations, after approval of the competent authority. At present a Token Provision has been kept in the BE of FY 2021-22 for all the above initiatives.

 

Budget Announcements:

 

1.   Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) -an Umbrella Body, which will have 4 verticals- Accreditation, Standard Setting, Regulation, and Funding. Legislation for HECI will be introduced this year.

 

2.   In 9 cities where there are number of institutions supported by the GoI (like- Hyderabad etc.) we will create a formal umbrella structure– for better synergy, while retaining their internal autonomy.

 

3.   A new Central University(CU) will be set up in Leh.

 

4.   We will realign the existing scheme of National Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS) for providing post-education apprenticeship, training of graduates and diploma holders in Engineering. Over Rs. 3,000 crores will be provided for this in next 5 years.

 

5.   For promotion of Innovation and R&D, an outlay of Rs. 50,000 Cr over next 5 years has been kept for National Research Foundation (NRF). Its major beneficiaries will be Higher Education Institutions including CFTIs like- IITs/IISc/IISERs/NITs etc.

Highlights of Budget 2021-22 – Department of School Education & Literacy

 1.        Budget allocation for BE 2020-21 was Rs 59845 crore which was rationalized to Rs 52189.07 crore in RE 2020-21 post covid-19 situation. This has now increased to Rs 54873 crore in BE2021-22.

 2.        There has been an overall increase of Rs. 2684.59 crore (5.14%) in Budget allocation of Department of School Education & Literacy in BE 2021-22 from RE 2020-21.

 3.        The overall Budget allocation in BE 2021-22 is Rs. 54873.66 crore out of which scheme allocation is 43648.66 crore and non-scheme allocation is Rs. 11225.00 crore. The scheme allocation has been increased by Rs 1895.08 crore and non-scheme allocation by Rs. 789.51 crore as compared to RE 2020-21.

 4.        Budget allocation in the Flagship scheme of SamagraShikhsa has been increased to Rs. 31050.16 crore in BE 2021-22 from Rs. 27957.32 crore in RE 2020-21 by Rs. 3092.84 crore i.e. increased by 11.06% in comparison to RE 2020-21).

 5.        The budget allocation in PadhnaLikhnaAbhiyan (PLA) is also increased from Rs. 95.25 crore (RE 2020-21) to Rs. 250 crore in BE 2021-22 (an increase of Rs. 154.75 crore) i.e. by 162.47%.

 6.        Rs. 485 crore is also provisioned in the new created Centrally Sponsored Scheme of STARS.

 7.        Allocation of KVS is increased by Rs 362.32 crore and allocation of NVS increased to Rs. 320 crore w.r.t. RE 2020-21. Budget allocation of NCERT was also increase to Rs. 110.08 crore from RE 2020-21.

Initiatives on Education as part of NEP

·     Standards will be developed for all school teachers in the form of National Professional Standards for Teachers- NPST.  This will enhance the capabilities of teachers and will be followed by all 92 lakh teachers of public and private school system in the country.

·     Toys are both an expression of entertainment and learning.  A unique indigenous toy-based learning – pedagogy for all levels of school education will be developed.  This will transform classroom transactions from mundane and rote learning to an engaging and joyful experience.

·     A National Digital Educational Architecture (NDEAR) will be set up within the context of a Digital First Mindset where the Digital Architecture will not only support teaching and learning activities but also educational planning, governance and administrative activities of the Centre and the States/ Union Territories.  It will provide a diverse education eco-system architecture for development of digital infrastructure, a federated but inter operable system that will ensure autonomy of all stakeholders, specially States and UTs.

·     For children with hearing impairments, the Government will work on standardization of Indian Sign language across the country, and develop National and State Curriculum materials for use by them.

·     There are a number of senior and retired teachers.  They will be used for individual mentoring of school teachers and educators through constant online/offline support on subjects, themes and pedagogy.

·     Students have so far been evaluated on uni-dimensional parameters.  There will be a complete shift from using assessments to not only judge the cognitive levels of the learner but also using it as an opportunity to identify the unique strengths and the potential of the child. To this effect, a holistic progress card is envisaged to provide students with valuable information on their strengths, areas of interest, needed areas of focus and thereby helping them in making optimal career choices. 

·     To enable increased access of resources, online modules covering the entire gamut of adult education will be introduced.

·     During the year, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, we have trained more than 30 lakh elementary school teachers digitally, covering the whole gamut of education.   Taking this further, in 2021-22, we will enable the training of 56 lakh school teachers through the National Initiative for School Heads and Teachers for Holistic Advancement (NISTHA).

·     For the past few years our Prime Minister has been engaging with students every year before their Board Exams to help them overcome anxiety and stress.  In this direction, we will introduce CBSE Board Exam reforms in a phased manner to be effective from the 2022-23 academic session.  Exams will move away from rote-learning and students shall be tested on their conceptual clarity, analytical skills and application of knowledge to real life situations.

·     To promote enhanced academic collaboration with foreign higher educational institutions, it is proposed to put in place a regulatory mechanism to permit dual degrees, joint degrees, twinning arrangements and other such mechanisms.

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Procrastination

It often happens that whenever we are told by our mother to bring something from the store or wash the dishes or clean the bed, we delay it. Not only this, it happens in almost all the situations where we are asked to do something but we delay it. It does not mean that work is not done or left behind. The same person does it to whom the work is assigned but after some time. This is called Procrastination. The literal meaning of procrastination is the action of delaying or postponing something.


It is not a disease or a virus which happens to be in the person’s body but a thinking. Also, it can be termed as a mentality. The mentality where we think that we’ll do it later, after some time. Nothing is going away and we have some time. Not everything has to be done right away. And with this thought we keep on delaying and postponing work.


It seems very normal but from a practical aspect it is not good. With delaying and postponing, we tend to become like a person who does not concern himself or herself with the activity going on. According to us, there is no significance of the present moment because delaying things and doing it in the future is our habit. We are like this. We take it as a an assignment which can be performed or submitted wherever we want forgetting the fact that the result changes with the time of the submission. The medical drug is required when the person is ill. It is not like that it can be given at any time. The time holds importance and its own significance. It does not only depends on our own discretion.


According to the recent research report, it is observed that this habit of procrastination emerges from a very early age in the individual like when he or she is around 7-8 years. At that time, it is only an action but slowly it transforms into a habit when there is no one around to correct it. The act of correcting is the work of the parents and when they fail to perform their responsibility, their child develops a habit like this which cause him to compensate in the future.


With the procrastination, an individual misses out on a lot of opportunities. When we assign and engage ourselves with the tasks in the future, we’ll never be able to grab the opportunites that will come in the future then and there. Since we are already occupied with so many things, another assignment will cause stress and will further make us avoid the another one.


Not only missing on the opportunities given, sometimes it so happen that it becomes very hectic and stressful. We tend to delay and postpone and what finally happens is the last time comes. Some people are strong to come out from that situation but some people get really stuck there. Then it becomes very difficult from them to cope up with that. At that time, regret follows. We start thinking that Alas! We should have done it before hand only. If done before, this all wouldn’t have happened.


Lastly, I would like to conclude with my opinion that the individuals who have the habit of procrastinating things, should change that else they will miss out on a lot of things. Further, it can even cost them something very valuable. It’s not like that it can’t be changed. It’s just that efforts should be put into the place and the will to change and come out from that place.

Life without Technology

Ever imagined that what the life will look if a person gets up in the morning and does not find his phone beside him? Or a laptop? Or a geyser in the bathroom while bathing? It would be very weird to imagine a situation like this.


The case would have been very different if a situation like this was presented 20 years ago. But now the entire scenario is changed in this respect. The individual needs his phone now every minute. It cannot be kept aside. For the work to be done, phone is necessary. Not only phone but every digital object and technology we use now have a reason and it will definitely create some kind of havoc in our life if taken away from us. It will pose problem for us because we are used to that daily and to the level that its absence will make us restless. We will be forced to come out from our comfort zone which definitely no one wants.


The reason behind this development in our lives was the development in the field of technology and the stressful and hectic daily schedule of people which made them yearn for the comfort. Now, people has to work a lot to make their livelihood and social representation and it is even more difficult in a metropolitan city where there is so much competition. Everything happens at such a fast pace that if a person takes rest of even a moment, he is left behind and it can further lead to frustration. There are so many things involved. So, it becomes very necessary that a person be relaxed at the end of the day and uses all the amenities which can further make his life easier. In this respect, it is very important.


It is also seen as a symbol of luxury for the rich people. The latest digital object is obviously very expensive because of all the latest technology involved which is said to involve a billion dollar money, the precious time and a lot of resources. This expensive nature of the latest technological object urge the people of elite class to take it and use it as their symbol of their richness. It gives them recognition and also enhances their social representation in the society which benefits in them in many ways.


Apart from luxury and comfort factor, people also want to engage themselves with the latest technology because of the trend. The use of latest smart phone or TV or laptop or any other object has started a trend which almost everyone wants to follow. They want to keep up with the people of the society. Almost everyone now uses it and if they will not follow they will be left behind.


Lastly, I want to conclude with my opinion that 20 years ago the scenario was different. Not everyone was keep up with the latest technology but now the times have been changed. Keeping up with the latest technology is the need of the hour. If an individual will not follow the trend he will be left behind and all his competition will supersede him which can further create anxiousness and stress in him. Therefore, apart from the symbol of luxury, technology is seen as something useful and necessary thing.

Know your furry buddy

Giggling and playing with your new puppy is so mesmerising. It is fun to look how your new doggy is gradually being comfortable with you. Be honest, you love it when your puppy snuggle into you unknowingly while taking little naps right. We all love that isn’t it. There comes a phase during his adulthood where your grown up doggy follows your every command, protects you, helps you stay away from toxicity and one thing is sure that your dog is a free therapy to your mental health. Your dog will become a part of your family just like that. But everything comes with a responsibility. Would you like if your dog suffers from food poisoning just because you didn’t knew what he ate last time was injurious to his health?  Ofcourse not,  you’ll do whatever it takes to make your furry friend healthy. Pepperoni is one of the most delicious items we know so far.

Almost everyone loves it. Ever wondered if it is good for your dog? Is it something your dog should enjoy or suffer after consuming?  So, in this series of Know your furry buddy, we’ll mainly focus on one question, Can dogs eat pepperoni?

It might seem harmless, after all, it is just meat. But can dogs eat pepperoni? In this guide you’ll learn all about this meat and how much of it is safe for dogs to eat.

For ultimate pet safety, I recommend consulting with your vet about all the questions you have about your dog eating pepperoni.

Dogs should not eat pepperoni. It contains too much sodium and fat for dogs. Some flavors and types of pepperoni might have seasonings in them that are unsafe for dogs.Dogs can safely eat one slice of pepperoni once in a long while – like a few times a year. More than that and they run the risk of experiencing digestive issues, salt poisoning, pancreatitis, or kidney damage.

This situation alone comes with several questions. We’ll try to deal with few of them

Can Dogs Eat Hot Pepperoni?

No, dogs can not eat hot pepperoni. Spicy foods will upset their stomach and give them digestive problems. Do not let your dog eat hot pepperoni.If your dog eats some hot pepperoni, give them plenty of water and watch for any signs of lethargy or dehydration. 

Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni Jerky?

Do not give your dog pepperoni jerky more than once every few months. Avoid any flavors that have garlic or onion powder since that is toxic for dogs.Don’t give your dog spicy jerky.

Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni Slices?

It is safe to give your dog one pepperoni slice every few months, but do not give them more than that. Too many pepperoni slices could cause your dog to consume too much salt and fat – both of which have bad health effects for dogs.

Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni Sticks?

Do not give your dog entire pepperoni sticks to munch on. That is far too much sodium and fat for your dog to eat all at once. Instead, give your dog a small part of a pepperoni stick.

Can Dogs Eat Turkey Pepperoni?

Dogs can safely eat small amounts of turkey pepperoni, just like traditional pepperoni. The type of meat doesn’t matter, it’s the amount of salt, fat, and the types of spices it has. If the turkey pepperoni is just as high in salt and fat, then only give them a little bit of it. If it has garlic or onion powder, don’t let them eat any of it.

Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni Pizza?

No, dogs should never eat pepperoni pizza. Pizza crust and sauce usually has garlic and onion powder – both are toxic for dogs.Pizza is also really high in sugars, fats, and sodium. It will give your dog an upset stomach and could lead to long-term health effects if they eat it regularly.

Is Pepperoni Bad For Dogs? Can pepperoni kill dogs?

A few slices of pepperonis won’t kill your dog, but eating too much could make them very sick.Too much pepperoni is bad for dogs. If your dog eats it frequently, then watch out for these symptoms.

Increased thirst

Increased urination

Vomiting

Diarrhea

Abdominal pain

If your dog shows any of the above symptoms, please call your vet.

How Often Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni?

Try to keep pepperoni away from your dog. Dogs should only eat a few thin slices of pepperoni once in a while. In other words, dogs can eat one slice of pepperoni every few months. They should not eat it regularly.

Dogs might love the smell of the seasoned chewy pepperoni, but keep it away from them. It is perfectly safe to allow your dog to eat one slice every few months as a special treat. Since it has so much sodium and fat in it, be careful with everything else they eat that day.As always, call your vet if you notice your dog reacting negatively after eating pepperoni.

Conclusion

Your dog is your responsibility. Through this article, i’ve tried to answer almost all the questions related to the issue. It’s human nature to make mistakes, even if you mistakenly feed your dog with pepperoni, contact your vet immediately if your dog is showing negative symptoms. Be accountable for your dog’s poor health. Take good care of him afterwards and try not to let him eat pepperoni again.

That’s it for now, wish you and your Furry Buddy stays happy and healthy forever.

ANGER MANAGEMENT

Failing to control your anger can lead to many things which you could regret later like yelling at your kids, saying things you regret, threatening your co-workers, developing health problems or even resorting to physical violence. Your anger might also involve things like wasting time overthinking about upsetting events or getting frustrated in the traffic or venting about work.

Anger management doesn’t necessarily mean never getting angry. It just means that we learn to cope with your anger and express our anger in healthy and productive ways. Even when we think that we have our anger in control we should know that there’s always room for improvement. Anger management is a skill that everyone can learn.

WHY MANAGE ANGER?

Anger is an emotion that can range from mild irritation to intense rage. While most of the people label anger as a “negative emotion” it can be positive. Anger may stir feelings which may make you stand for somebody or they may lead you to create social change. When left unchecked the feeling of anger can lead to aggression in ways like yelling at someone or damaging property.It may also lead to you withdrawing from the world and turn your anger inward which can impact your health and well being.

Anger becomes problematic when it’s felt too often or too intensely or when its felt too often or too intensely or when it’s expressed in unhealthy ways, which can take a toll physically, mentally and socially. For this reason, anger management strategies can be beneficial and can help you discover healthy ways to express your feelings.

ANGER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES:

Research consistently shows that cognitive behavioural interventions are effective for improving anger management. These interventions involve changing the way you think and behave. They are based on the notion that your thoughts, feelings and behaviours are all connected. Your thoughts and behaviours can either fuel your emotions or they can reduce them.so if you want to shift your emotional state away from anger, you can change what you’re thinking and what you’re doing. Without fuel, the fire inside you will begin to dwindle and you’ll feel calmer.

The following are the strategies that you may include in your management plan.

  • IDENTIFY TRIGGERS: If you’ve gotten into the habit of losing your temper, take stock of things that trigger your anger. Long lines, traffic jams, snarky comments or excessive tiredness are just a few things that might shorten your fuse. While you shouldn’t blame people or external circumstances for your inability to keep you cool, understanding the things that trigger your anger can help you plan accordingly. You might decide to structure your day differently to help you manage your stress better.
  • EVALUATE YOUR ANGER: Before you spring into action to calm yourself down, ask yourself if your anger is a friend or an enemy. If you’re witnessing someones rights being violated or you are in an unhealthy situation, your anger might be helpful. In these cases, you might proceed by changing the situation rather than changing your emotional state. Sometimes, your anger is a warning sign that something else needs to change like an emotionally abusive relationship or a toxic friendship.
  • TALK TO A FRIEND: If there’s someone who as a calming effect on you, talking through an issue or expressing your feelings to that person may be helpful. It’s important to note, however, that venting can backfire. A common misconception is that you have to vent your anger to feel better.If you’re going to talk to a friend make sure you’re working on developing a solution or reducing your anger, not just venting. It’s unfair to use them as your go to sounding board.Instead, you might find that the best way to use this strategy is to talk about something other than the situation causing you to feel angry.
  • MANAGE YOUR THOUGHTS: When you find yourself thinking about things that fuel your anger, reframe your thoughts. You also might develop a mantra that you can repeat to drown out the thoughts that fuel your anger. Say things like,”I’m OK. Stay calm” or “Not helping”.
  • FOCUS ON RELAXATION: There are many different relaxation exercises you can utilise to reduce anger.The key is finding the one that works best for you. Breathing exercises and progressive muscle relaxation are two common strategies for reducing tension.The best part is, both exercises can be performed quickly and discreetly.
  • EXPLORE YOUR FEELINGS: Sometimes it helps to take a moment and think about what emotions might be lurking beneath your anger. Anger often serves a a protective mask to help you avoid feeling more painful emotions, like embarrassment, sadness and disappointment.

CONCLUSION:

For many people anger outburst serve a purpose. Yelling at someone may get them to comply with your demands.But while aggressive behaviour may get your needs met in the short term, there are long-term consequences. Your words might cause lasting damage to the relationship or even lead to its demise. If you’ve been using your anger as a tool, you may benefit from learning healthier strategies such as asking for helping or speaking up in an assertive, but not aggressive, manner. Talk to your doctor about your anger management issues if you need more assistance.

Metaverse

What is Metaverse?

In metaverse, people can interact with each other using virtual and augmented reality technologies. It will result in forming the shared virtual world.

Metaverse is considered web 3.0. The earlier version of the internet which consisted of web pages that provided information is termed web 1.0. The next version consisted of interactive web pages. Now, web 3.0 will be a result of assimilating virtual reality and augmented reality in web 2.0.

We can shop, play games, buy things and own places in the metaverse. Several companies are creating gaming metaverses. The game ‘Second Life,’ which was released in 2003, can be considered an early version of the metaverse.

Benefits of Metaverse

  • It will be quite beneficial to host meetings. Video conferencing has some drawbacks, such as the lack of a personal connection. Metaverse will make us feel like we are sitting at the same place by interacting through digital avatars.
  • It will also help people with special needs.
  • It can also be used to help people overcome phobias.
  • It is expected that virtual currencies in the metaverse will significantly influence the world economy. Decentralization will reduce the dependence on governments.

Challenges with Metaverse

  • Few companies may control the metaverse and hence power and influence may stay in the hands of a few people.
  • Government surveillance and control could be increased by collaborating with businesses.
  • Addictions to the internet and smartphones are becoming common. As a result, it’s possible that virtual world addiction will become the next huge concern. Furthermore, metaverse consists of entertainment, shopping, games and many other things that are addictive in nature.
  • Even in this modern era, not everyone has access to the internet. Many people are digital illiterates. Due to the digital divide, the benefits of metaverse will not be accessible to many.

Conclusion

Some people believe that the metaverse will be the internet’s future. Many businesses are investing in the development of the metaverse. It is important to ensure that no monopoly exists in the shared virtual environment.

The Geological time scale

Geologists subdivide timescale by events that happened in geological history . These time intervals are unequal in length, geological timescale describes the timings and relationship of those events that changed Earth’s geology. This time scale is developed by carefully studying and analysing the rock layers ,evolution of species, rock dating, fossil samples and atmosphere.

Eons

Eons are the largest divisions in geological Time and span to millions of years . There are four eons catalogued till present day, these are — Hadean, Archean, Protozoic and Phenerozoic eon . The first three eons are collectively referred to as the Precambrian super eon.

Hadean Eon

The Hadean eon began when the earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago and ended 4 billion years ago . The planet’s condition was very dynamic , earth was still very hot and frequently collided with other planetary bodies.

Archean Eon

It began about 4 billion years ago till 2.5 billion years . The earth’s crust slowly started cooling and stabilising to form landmass .The earliest lifeform probably anaerobic microbes called stromatolites survived. example – Cyanobacteria, Proteo bacteria , microbial mats. Volcanic activity was very high and Archean rocks were often metamorphosised water segments like volcanic segments and mud rocks.

It is further divided into eras:

Eoarchean

( 4000 mya-3600 mya)

(mya- million years ago)

  • The first Supercontinent Vaalbara appeared.
  • Earth possessed a firm crust for the first time.
  • Prokaryotic microbes called Archaea appeared.

Paleoarchean

( 3600-3200mya)
  • Earliest confirmed evidence of life.
  • Stromatolites may have been created.
  • Microbial mats work present.

Mesoarchean

( 3200-2800mya)
  • Tectonic plates subduction.
  • Expansion of microbial life.
  • Ocean temperatures around 55-85°C
  • High levels of methane and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Neoarchean

(2800-2500 mya)
  • Major development in complex life and continued formation.
  • Rise of oxygen in the atmosphere.

Proterozoic Eon

It spanned the interval from 2500-541 mya . For the first time oxygen appeared in the earth’s atmosphere . Mountain formation activity began because of the continuation of continental accretion .Glaciers began to form . Processes like subduction were active due to high tectonic plate movement. It is further divided into 3 eras-

Paleoproterozoic era

(2500-1600 mya)
  • Longest era
  • Continents stabilised
  • One day duration was 20 hours.
  • Enormous increase in oxygen.
  • Anaerobic life form largely died because oxygen was highly toxic for them.
  • First mass extinction happened.
  • Eukaryotes emerged.
  • Periods in which this era is divided- Siderian, Phyacean and Orosirian.

Mesoproterozoic era

( 1600-1000 mya)
  • Evolution of sexual reproduction.
  • Development of multi cellular organisms.
  • Break up of Columbia supercontinent.
  • Periods – Ectasian and Stenian .

Neoproterozoic era

( 1000-541 mya)
  • Most glaciation.
  • Ice sheets reached equator.
  • Snowball Earth formed.
  • First appearance of Trilobites ans Sponges.
  • Periods- Tonian, Cryogenian and Ediacaran.

Phanerozoic Eon

It covers timeline from 541 million years ago to the present. At the start of this eon , complex plants and multi cellular organisms with hardshells appeared . There was a single landmass known as Pangaea. It is divided into 4 eras:

Paleozoic era

(541-252 mya)
  • Most rapid diversification of life called Cambrian explosion.
  • Evolution of arthropods ,fish and amphibians.
  • Life transition to the land.
  • Forests of primitive plants appeared.
  • Largest extinction event called Permian- Triassic extinction event happened.
  • Appearance of invertebrate animals phyla.
  • Reptiles prospered.
  • Periods- Cambrian, Ordovian, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferrous and Permian.

Mesozoic era

(252-66 mya)
  • Dominance of reptiles like dinosaurs.
  • Abundance of Conifers and Ferns.
  • Breakup of Pangaea.
  • Dinosaurs appeared in mid Triassic period and remained till early Jurassic period (about 150-135 mya).
  • Archaic birds appeared in Jurassic period.
  • Flowering plants appeared in early Cretaceous period.
  • Periods- Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous.

Cenozoic era

( 66 mya – present)
  • Dominance of mammals , birds and flowering plants.
  • Cool and dry climate.
  • Complex life evolved.
  • This error started with mass extinction event called Cretaceous spell Eugene extension event in which many species including non-even dinosaurs became extinct possibly due to a large asteroid impact
  • The Quarternary period saw Mammoths and wooly animals. It was marked by ice ages due to the cooling trend of earth.
  • Around 50 million years ago , Earth entered a cooling period mainly due to the collision of Indian tectonic plate with Eurasia. This caused the rise in the Himalayas.
  • Periods- Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary.
The  Earth went through many violent and beautiful events before Homosapians arrived . We must make sure to protect and cherish our dear planet . 

Know your furry buddy

Giggling and playing with your new puppy is so mesmerising. It is fun to look how your new doggy is gradually being comfortable with you. Be honest, you love it when your puppy snuggle into you unknowingly while taking little naps right. We all love that isn’t it. There comes a phase during his adulthood where your grown up doggy follows your every command, protects you, helps you stay away from toxicity and one thing is sure that your dog is a free therapy to your mental health. Your dog will become a part of your family just like that. But everything comes with a responsibility. Would you like if your dog suffers from food poisoning just because you didn’t knew what he ate last time was injurious to his health?  Ofcourse not,  you’ll do whatever it takes to make your furry friend healthy. Pepperoni is one of the most delicious items we know so far.

Almost everyone loves it. Ever wondered if it is good for your dog? Is it something your dog should enjoy or suffer after consuming?  So, in this series of Know your furry buddy, we’ll mainly focus on one question, Can dogs eat pepperoni?

It might seem harmless, after all, it is just meat. But can dogs eat pepperoni? In this guide you’ll learn all about this meat and how much of it is safe for dogs to eat.

For ultimate pet safety, I recommend consulting with your vet about all the questions you have about your dog eating pepperoni.

Dogs should not eat pepperoni. It contains too much sodium and fat for dogs. Some flavors and types of pepperoni might have seasonings in them that are unsafe for dogs.Dogs can safely eat one slice of pepperoni once in a long while – like a few times a year. More than that and they run the risk of experiencing digestive issues, salt poisoning, pancreatitis, or kidney damage.

This situation alone comes with several questions. We’ll try to deal with few of them

Can Dogs Eat Hot Pepperoni?

No, dogs can not eat hot pepperoni. Spicy foods will upset their stomach and give them digestive problems. Do not let your dog eat hot pepperoni.If your dog eats some hot pepperoni, give them plenty of water and watch for any signs of lethargy or dehydration. 

Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni Jerky?

Do not give your dog pepperoni jerky more than once every few months. Avoid any flavors that have garlic or onion powder since that is toxic for dogs.Don’t give your dog spicy jerky.

Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni Slices?

It is safe to give your dog one pepperoni slice every few months, but do not give them more than that. Too many pepperoni slices could cause your dog to consume too much salt and fat – both of which have bad health effects for dogs.

Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni Sticks?

Do not give your dog entire pepperoni sticks to munch on. That is far too much sodium and fat for your dog to eat all at once. Instead, give your dog a small part of a pepperoni stick.

Can Dogs Eat Turkey Pepperoni?

Dogs can safely eat small amounts of turkey pepperoni, just like traditional pepperoni. The type of meat doesn’t matter, it’s the amount of salt, fat, and the types of spices it has. If the turkey pepperoni is just as high in salt and fat, then only give them a little bit of it. If it has garlic or onion powder, don’t let them eat any of it.

Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni Pizza?

No, dogs should never eat pepperoni pizza. Pizza crust and sauce usually has garlic and onion powder – both are toxic for dogs.Pizza is also really high in sugars, fats, and sodium. It will give your dog an upset stomach and could lead to long-term health effects if they eat it regularly.

Is Pepperoni Bad For Dogs? Can pepperoni kill dogs?

A few slices of pepperonis won’t kill your dog, but eating too much could make them very sick.Too much pepperoni is bad for dogs. If your dog eats it frequently, then watch out for these symptoms.

Increased thirst

Increased urination

Vomiting

Diarrhea

Abdominal pain

If your dog shows any of the above symptoms, please call your vet.

How Often Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni?

Try to keep pepperoni away from your dog. Dogs should only eat a few thin slices of pepperoni once in a while. In other words, dogs can eat one slice of pepperoni every few months. They should not eat it regularly.

Dogs might love the smell of the seasoned chewy pepperoni, but keep it away from them. It is perfectly safe to allow your dog to eat one slice every few months as a special treat. Since it has so much sodium and fat in it, be careful with everything else they eat that day.As always, call your vet if you notice your dog reacting negatively after eating pepperoni.

Conclusion

Your dog is your responsibility. Through this article, i’ve tried to answer almost all the questions related to the issue. It’s human nature to make mistakes, even if you mistakenly feed your dog with pepperoni, contact your vet immediately if your dog is showing negative symptoms. Be accountable for your dog’s poor health. Take good care of him afterwards and try not to let him eat pepperoni again.

That’s it for now, wish you and your Furry Buddy stays happy and healthy forever.

Social Media has helped in better communication

Gone are the times when people used to sit together with their family and friends and share the anecdotes which turns all the faces into smiles and laughter. From children to mid-age couples to older couples, they all enjoyed together and feel happy but now it is very rare to find where everone is present together. It rarely happens and the reason for that can be said as our fast moving lives.


In the era of globalization, everything has been changed from the chemistry of the country to the chemistry of the relationships. They are no more the same ones. The emotional aspect in the relationships which were present before and strongly connectd each other is now lost somewhere. The threads has become loose and scientifically speaking, whenever something becomes loose, it strangles. Strangles up to a extent that it is broken into the pieces. It changes the overall chemistry.


But whatever is happening cannot be said termed as intentional. It is not a choice but the need of the hour. The person is required to do work day and night if he wants to survive. Survival does not only means food, shelter and clothes but also mean the social standing in the society. Now, the need is to earn more than the bare minimum for the representation and in all these chaos and the race, family and friends are left behind.


So, the invention of social media is a big thank you from the side of busy people. They can connect with their friends and family while sitting in the bedroom of their house.


For the people who are not able to make time for their family and friends because of their busy and tight schedule, they can connect to them through social media platform. There they can chat, talk and see what what all is going on that person’s life. It gives an insight into the person’s life from a very far distance and that helps in the better communication.


Sometimes, it so happen that even if we have time we are not able to visit people because the time which we have is limited. It is not abundant but our family and friends are huge in number. They consist a lot of people and it is not possible to to go to each and every place in that limited time. It is really not possible. Then we resort to social media for communication.


Even in these pandemic times, social media platform helped us to stay in connect with our loved and dear ones. It was not possible for everyone to live together as that would increase the chances to contract the deadly virus. So, everyone had to stay at their own places. But living alone did not left the person to stay in solitude. Even though he could not meet his loved and dear ones but he can communicate to all of them through social media. He was able to know everything.


Lastly, I would conclude with my opinion that in the era of globalization and also in this tough times, social media was the only platform through which we were able to communicate to all family and friends. We were able to live with them in all the aspects of their life though virtually. Still, living is important and it was done.

Harming the Harmless

Don’t be bitter, save the critters’


From the above slogan, it is not very difficult to understand that what it is trying to say. It is putting forth an idea which says that don’t be harsh, rude, cruel and bitter against the animal. Save them.


In the world of modernisation and globalisation, development and invention are taking place at a very fast pace. People are so absorbed in moving forward that they doesn’t care that who all are affected or harmed in the said process. They simply want the progress to take place no matter what. One such group who faces the cruelty in the so called invention and the development of the mankind, are animals.


Talking about the animals and the cruelty faced by them in these times, they become the replacement of humans when it comes to testing for anything. Whenever any new science, technology , medicine or whatever the case may be requires the human testing in order to test and establish that it is safe and correct to be used by the masses, animals are tested in place of humans because their biological properties and attributes are in some or the other way similar to the human properties and attributes. Also, there will be no one who will raise objection regarding that.


But times are changing. It has not been that same old cruel world who will freely allow the cruelty in the name of development of science and technology. Now, it will raise objection and urge the people who are doing this to stop right away.


To be specific, animal cruelty happen in different ways like poisoning, shocking, burning and killing them for various outcomes. They are tested in the laboratory to see what will be the outcome of the particular drug or chemical when it will be given to the poisonous person and for that purpose animal are poisoned for the result. They face severe cruelty in the name of the development of the mankind which is definetly immoral.


The principle and the foremost reason that the animal cruelty should be stopped is that it is unethical. It does not hold any ethical importance in the right minded people. Using animal’s and their body for our own purpose is a very selfish act. It cannot be termed as the right thing to do in the name of the development of the mankind. Considering the word mankind, ‘kind’ is present but with the act of cruelty and selfishness, we leave behind kindness.


Also, it is not a good science. According to the report of the National Institutes of Health, 95 out of every 100 tests of the drugs which pass the animal tests fails in the humans. With this figure, it will not be wrong to interpret that testiing in animals is a bad science. In this process, the precious money, invaluable time and all other resources not to forget the precious lives of the animals are wasted. The outcome which comes out is not even an effective. The are so worthless that 50% of reports are not even published. Therefore, it is should be banned because it is unnecessary to take it further.

A Webinar organized to create awareness on newly notified CCS (Pension) Rules, 2021

 A webinar was organized for all the Pensioners’ Associations under the chairmanship of Shri V. Srinivas,   Secretary (P&PW) with the objective to create awareness on newly notified CCS (Pension) Rules, 2021 and generation of Digital Life Certificates using Face Authentication Technology.  Central Government Pensioners Associations from all parts of the country participated in the meeting. Presentations were given on CCS Pension Rules 2021 and on DLC generation through Face Authentication followed by a Question Answer session after each presentation.

Secretary (P&PW) expressed his happiness to meet such a large group of 52 participants from the various Associations and to have a constructive interaction. He appreciated the intensity of the discussion and the various queries raised, given the release of CCS Pension Rules 2021 on 25th December 2021 and the recent launch of DLC generation through face authentication. The curiosity among pensioners was very understandable and such interactions would continue with a view to stay in touch and ensure that every association reached out to.  He also requested each Association to have regular interactions with their membership.

He reiterated that the objective of the meeting was to enhance interaction between the department and the pensioners’ associations, especially at his level so that he could know each one personally and the associations could be assured that the Secretary would be in a position to understand and listen to areas where concern exists. He informed that since the pension department is a very legalistic and policy based department, it is important to understand where reforms are necessary and constant updations and amendments in law may be required to ensure greater benefits given to pensioners and that will be the objective of the entire exercise. He expressed hope that membership of each association is more than 300 and they are interacting regularly with the members.

Self reliance in Energy sector is must for achieving the goal

 Union Education Minister rode the Energy Swaraj Yatra Bus from his residence to his office today. The bus is fitted with solar energy and equipped to be a complete work cum residential unit. The Minister accompanied by Dr. Chetan Singh Solanki, a professor from IIT Bombay, who has conceptualised and built the Bus.

 

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 Speaking on the occasion Shri Pokhriyal said that the New Education Policy has in-built framework under which life skills to use solar energy can be given at schools and colleges. Shri Pokhriyal said that climate change awareness is essential to attain sustainability. He further said that self reliance in Energy sector is integral in achieving the goal of Atmanirbhar Bharat. The Minister was happy to learn that in the wake of serious and catastrophic climate change, the Energy Swaraj Yatra is designed with purpose to create public movement towards adoption of 100% solar energy. The Minister appreciated Professor Solanki for this unique initiative.

Deeply committed to the mission of creating public movement towards adoption solar energy, Dr. Chetan Singh Solanki has pledged not to go home until 2030 and live & travel in the solar bus. The bus has facilities to go through all daily activities including sleeping, working, cooking, bathing, meeting, training, etc. The bus is fitted with 3.2 kW solar panels and 6 kWh of battery storage.

The Energy Swaraj Yatra began in year 2020 and will continue till 2030. Professor Solanki has been recently conferred with the Brand Ambassador of Solar Energy of Madhya Pradesh by Chief Minister, Madhya Pradesh, Shri. Shivraj Singh Chouhan.

*****

Basic charts for Data Analysis – Data Visualization in R

Data visualization helps to understand large chunks of data with pictorial representation. R is an amazing tool for data visualization. R provides a wide range of charts for data visualizing data. R is a language that is designed for computing statistical problems, graphical data analysis, and scientific research.

Basic charts for visualization we shall discuss :

  • Bar Plot
  • Histogram
  • Scatter Plot
  • Box Plot
  • Line Chart

Bar plot

Barplot is used to visualize the relative or absolute frequencies of observed values of a variable. The frequency of the observation is the count of that observation in the data. They are used for continuous and categorical variable plotting.

#Lets suppose we have a monthly sales data
sales <- c(120,123,117,130,110,80,130,112,120,111,125,140)
barplot(sales,main = "Monthly sales",xlab = "Month",ylab="sales",
  names.arg = c("Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","July",
                "Aug","Sept","Oct","Nov","Dec"),col="green")
barplot(sales,main = "Monthly sales",xlab = "Month",ylab="sales",
  names.arg = c("Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","July",
                "Aug","Sept","Oct","Nov","Dec"),col="green",horiz = TRUE)

Histogram

The histogram is used for data that is classified into different groups. The histogram has a similar appearance to the vertical bar chart but there are no gaps between the bars.

Generally, it is used to display the distribution of numerical variables.

salary <- c(120,123,117,130,110,98,80,130,112,120,89,111,130,125,140)
hist(salary,col="light blue",border = "blue",main ="Histogram of Salary")

Scatter Plot

A scatter plot is used to identify relationships between two numerical variables. Each dot represents a pair of observations (x,y). They are commonly used to find correlational relationships between variables.

x = c(6,13,9,17,12,8,11,18,5,12,7,9,7,17,14,9,8,10,3,12)
y = c(15,8,11,12,10,15,11,10,8,14,11,13,10,9,10,12,13,12,10,10)
plot(x,y,main = "Scatter plot",col="blue",pch=19,frame=F)

Another way of making a scatterplot using the “‘car” package:

library(car)
x = c(6,13,9,17,12,8,11,18,5,12,7,9,7,17,14,9,8,10,3,12)
y = c(15,8,11,12,10,15,11,10,8,14,11,13,10,9,10,12,13,12,10,10)
scatterplot(x~y)
The graph shows marginal box plots, a regression line (solid blue line), the smoothed conditional spread (blue region), the non-parametric regression smooth (blue dashed line)

Boxplot

Boxplot is very useful in finding outliers in the data. Boxplot gives you a good representation of quartiles, mean, median, skewness, and spread of the data. Underlying distribution can be identified using a boxplot.

Different parts of a boxplot.
# boxplot() to create a boxplot for ozone in airquality dataframe.
# Ozone  : int  41 36 12 18 NA 28 23 19 8 NA ...
df = airquality
boxplot(df$Ozone)
Points at the extreme are outliers.
# Notch can be added by setting the notch parameter "notch = TRUE"
# Alignment can be change by setting horizantal parameter
boxplot(df$Ozone,main="Mean ozone",xlab="Parts per billion",ylab="ozone",col="yellow",
        border="brown",notch = TRUE,horizontal = TRUE)

Line Chart

A line chart is a type of chart that represents information in a series of data points connected by a straight line segment. It is used to show a change in continuous variables over a time span. It is widely used for sales, share price analysis, weather recordings, etc.

#Simple Line chart
a = c(119,119,110,112,114,113,118,109,130,136)
plot(a,col="red",type="l",main = "Simple Line chart")
# Multiple Lines Chart
a = c(119,119,110,112,114,113,118,109,130,136)
b = c(132,126,113,115,120,111,136,121,122,116)
plot(a,col="red",type="l",main = "Multiple Line chart")
lines(b,col="blue")
legend(2,135,legend=c("a","b"),col=c("red","blue"),lty = 1,cex=0.8)

These are few of the many charts used in data analysis. R provides more than 400 different charts for data visualization.To explore more such blogs about data visualization follow us at EDUINDEX.

Ender’s Game by Orson Scott Card

Ender’s Game is a 1985 military science fiction novel by American author Orson Scott Card. The book originated as a short story of the same name, published in the August 1977 issue of Analog Science Fiction and Fact. The novel was published on January 15, 1985.

Reception of the book has been mostly positive. Ender’s Game was recognized as “best novel” by the 1985 Nebula Award and the 1986 Hugo Award in the genres of science fiction and fantasy.

Book Summary

This is a story about a boy named Ender who lives with his mother, father, and two older siblings, Peter and Valentine.  All of the children are intelligent, but Ender, unlike his siblings, seems to have the potential to be a brilliant military leader. As a result, he is taken away to be trained by Colonel Graff for the war against the buggers, an alien race looking to invade Earth.

When Ender arrives at battle school, he is put through a series of tests and introduced to various battle simulators, video game-like simulations of space battles.  He performs excellently and is assigned to one of the several armies. He is initially advised to remain out of the war games, but he discovers a superior winning strategy. Despite his success as a tactician, Ender is despised even more, but he does teach those who want to learn from him on the side.

Meanwhile, Peter and Valentine create fake personas and begin political discussions on the net.

After graduating early from battle school, Ender is trained on a dedicated battle simulator.  And when that becomes too easy, he trains with Mazer Rackham, an old war hero.

Under this new training, Ender is pushed to the limit and nearly breaks down as his battle simulations become increasingly more difficult.  

Ender finally has one last battle simulation that involves a planet and several thousand ships.  He wins the game, but then is told that all of it was real.  That he was commanding real ships in what he thought was a simulation.

Ender is proclaimed a hero, but still fears Peter, who has great political influence on Earth.  In the end, Ender finds a bugger cocoon and takes it with him as he travels in space with Valentine.

Analysis

There’s a lot to say about this story, but what draws my interest and attention is the idea of using children in intergalactic war.

Throughout the story, it is sometimes difficult to remember that most of the main characters are children.  In Ender’s society, children are often forced into maturing quickly for military endeavours.  

But why children?  Isn’t it more practical to train more physically mature people to fight? The explanation given is that the military wants individuals who are willing to react to situations without thinking about the consequences.  Children are able to act this way because they haven’t lived long enough to understand the scope and bigger consequences of their actions.  

While cruel, this type of thinking is valuable and necessary in the battle against the buggers because of how the buggers learn and adapt.

Also, a lot of the battles are battle simulations, or at least perceived as battle simulations to the children.  It’s this perception of a game that allows the children to learn, strategize, and take risks that would not be possible had they known it was happening in real time, which says a lot about how children learn and how humans learn in general.