• POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

Positive Psychology is the logical investigation of the qualities that empower people and communities to flourish. The field is established on the conviction that individuals need to lead significant and satisfying lives, to develop what is best inside themselves, and to improve their experiences of affection, work, and play. It has focused on diminishing maladaptive feelings and practices, while for the most part ignoring positive and ideal working.

Positive psychology centers around both individual and societal prosperity. It is a field of study that has been developing consistently through the years as people and analysts search for shared view on better prosperity. Positive psychologist has recommended various variables that might add to happiness and subjective well-being. Those recommended ways incorporate social ties with a life partner, family, companions, associates, and more extensive organizations; participation in clubs or social associations; physical exercises and the act of meditation.

Positive psychology started as a new domain of psychology in 1998 when Martin Seligman picked it as the topic for his term as leader of the American Psychological Association. Martin Seligman and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi characterize positive psychology as ” the scientific study of positive human functioning and flourishing on multiple levels that include the biological, personal, relational, institutional, cultural, and global dimensions of life.

Three Levels of Positive Psychology

•        SUBJECTIVE

•        INDIVIDUAL

•        GROUP

The subjective level incorporates the investigation of positive encounters, for example, delight, prosperity, fulfilment, satisfaction, bliss, good faith and stream. This level is tied in with feeling better, rather than accomplishing something beneficial or being a decent individual.

At a higher level, the aim is to distinguish the constituents of good life and the individual characteristics that are important for being a ‘decent individual”, through studying human qualities and virtues, future-mindedness, limit with regards to adore, mental fortitude, diligence, absolution, creativity, astuteness, relational abilities and skill.

At last, at group or community level, the emphasis is on civic virtues, social obligations, nurturance, altruism, politeness, resilience, hardworking attitudes, positive organizations and different variables that add to the advancement of citizenship and communities.

• POSITIVE PERSONALITY

A positive character can altogether affect your success and happiness in everyday life. Very much like you have the ability to control your physical fitness, you likewise have some level of command over your mental health and positivity.

By learning what it takes to adopt a more positive personality, you too can adopt some of its most coveted traits. Seeing life through a more positive focal point appears to be straightforward, however in the end if that was actually the situation, we would all be confident people. Rather than just “being more positive,” you should prepare your mind to look for and take on more positive character qualities.

Positive personality is defined as:

“If you are positive about things, you are hopeful and confident, and think of the good aspects of a situation rather than the bad ones.”

POSITIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS

Inviting positive energy into your life implies controlling your positive and negative impacts. Along with this, even the positive individuals are represented by individuals they invest energy with. To turn into a more hopeful individual, you need to know how to recognize positive character qualities so you can invite the perfect individuals into your life.

• Here is a rundown of positive character to assist you with recognizing those enchanted, hopeful individuals:

Alert: Positive individuals are mindful. They know their strength and limits and they regard them.

Empathetic: Positive individuals empower others rather than destroying them to take care of their own instabilities.

Happy: People with positive characters center around the positive qualities in their everyday life. They recognize negativity, yet they realize it is temporary.

Fearless: Positive individuals normally have a serious level of fearlessness since they have worked on building themselves. T

Honest: Positive individuals realize that dishonesty breeds negative feelings, so they generally strive to tell truth.

Of course, positive personality traits will look different on everyone. You may wish to visualize yourself as a positive person and identify which traits you want to work on. Make a list of all the words you want people to use when they describe you, such as warm, loving, creative, empathetic, nurturing and so on.

• DEVELOPING POSITIVE PERSONALITY

“Your mind is like a garden. If you do not deliberately plant flowers and tend them carefully, weeds will grow without any encouragement at all.”

Just like we need to take care of our bodies with good food sources to further develop our actual personality, we additionally need to take care of our mind with positive information and thoughts to develop a more positive and constructive personality.

This involves taking control over your mind and eliminating negative thought cycles that may have held you back in the past. Mental health is basically the same as physical fitness, in that you won’t get results overnight. All things being equal, you will develop strength and flexibility through training and preparing.

Scientists say that 95% of your emotions are determined by how you talk to yourself throughout the day. This is the reason so many of us are secured in bad idea cycles that we can’t break free from.

Fortunately, you have a strong capacity to transform your pessimistic self-talk into positive self-talk by essentially being kinder and more compassionate to the most important individual in your life – you. It takes work, however by effectively changing the information you feed yourself, you can enhance your mind with positive character traits and spread energy any place you go.

consistently. Regardless of whether they are brought about by a medical condition or by a lot of pressure, sleep disorders are turning out to be progressively normal.

Many people often experience sleeping issues because of stress, rushed timetables, and other external impacts. When these issues start to happen consistently and disrupt day to day existence, they might show a sleeping disorder.

TYPES

There are different types of sleep disorder:

An insomnia is defined as the inability to fall asleep or to remain asleep. It tends to be brought about by jet lag, stress and tension, hormones, or stomach related issues. It might likewise be an indication of another condition.

Sleep apnea is portrayed by pauses in breathing during sleep. This is a serious illness that makes the body take in less oxygen. It can likewise make you awaken during the evening.

Parasomnias are a class of sleep disorders that cause unusual movements and practices during sleep. They include:

sleepwalking

sleep talking

groaning

Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a overwhelming need to move the legs. This inclination is now and again joined by a shivering sensation in the legs. While these side- effects can happen during the day, they are generally predominant around evening time.

Narcolepsy is described by “sleep attacks” that happen while awake. This implies that you will unexpectedly feel very drained and asleep without warning.

SYMPTOMS

Symptoms depend upon the seriousness and kind of sleeping disorder. However, general indications of sleep disorders include:

• trouble falling or staying unconscious
• daytime fatigue
• compelling impulse to lay down for nap during the day
• strange breathing patterns
• unusual or unpleasant urges to move while falling asleep
• unintentional changes to your sleep/wake plan
• irritability or anxiety
• impaired performance at work or school
• absence of focus
• depression
• weight gain

CAUSES

1.Allergies, colds, and upper respiratory diseases can make it difficult to inhale around evening time. The inability to inhale through your nose can likewise cause sleeping difficulties.

2. Nocturia, or continuous pee, may disturb your sleep by making you awake during the evening. Hormonal imbalance and infections of the urinary tract might add to the advancement of this condition.

3. Constant pain can make it hard to fall asleep. The absolute most normal reasons for constant pain include:

• arthritis
• chronic fatigue syndrome
• fibromyalgia
• inflammatory bowel disease
• persistent headaches
• continuous lower back pain

4. Stress and anxiety can adversely affect sleep quality. It very well may be hard for you to fall asleep or to stay asleep. Bad dreams, sleep talking, or sleepwalking may likewise upset your sleep.

TREATMENT

Treatment for sleep disorders can vary depending on the type and underlying cause. However, it generally includes a combination of medical treatments and lifestyle changes.

Clinical treatment for sleep disturbance may incorporate any of the following:

• sleeping pills
• melatonin supplements
• allergy or cold drug
• prescriptions for any underlying medical problems
• breathing device or surgery (generally for sleep apnea)
• a dental guard (ordinarily for teeth grinding)

Lifestyle changes can incredibly further develop your nature of sleep, particularly when they’re done alongside clinical medicines. You might need to consider:

• including more vegetables and fish into your eating routine, and lessening intake of sugar
• reducing stress and anxiety by exercising and stretching
• creating and sticking to a regular sleeping schedule
• drinking less water before sleep time
• restricting your caffeine intake, particularly in the late evening or evening
• diminishing tobacco and liquor use
• keeping a healthy weight based on your doctors suggestions

Stress can be characterized as a change that causes physical, emotional, or mental strain. Stress is your body’s reaction to attention or activity. Everybody encounters stress to some degree. The manner in which you react to stress, has a major effect on your general well-being. Stress happens when an occasion or stimulus expects us to change somehow or another. Stress fluctuates in view of an individual and their circumstance. Most stress is impermanent, in spite of the fact that there are circumstances where stress can keep going for quite a while.

At a point when we experience stress, our body is stimulated to deliver stress hormones that trigger a ‘fight or flight’ reaction and activate our immune system. This reaction assists us with reacting rapidly to hazardous circumstances. Some of the time, this stress reaction can be a suitable, or even advantageous response. The subsequent sensation of ‘pressure’ can assist us with pushing through circumstances that can be nerve-wracking or extreme, such as running a long-distance race, or giving a speech to a huge group.

However, there can be times when stress becomes extreme and an excessive amount to manage. Assuming our stress reaction is enacted more than once, or it continues over the long run, the impacts can bring about wear and tear on the body and can cause us to feel permanently in a state of ‘fight or flight’. Rather than assisting us with pushing through, this tension can cause us to feel overpowered or incapable to adapt.

Feeling this staggering stress for an extensive stretch of time is frequently called chronic, or long-term stress, and it can affect on both physical and psychological health. Stress is a reaction to a danger in a circumstance, while anxiety is a response to the stress.

STRESSOR

A stressor is a chemical or biological agent, environmental condition, external stimulus or an event seen as causing stress to an organism. Psychologically, a stressor can be an event or conditions that individuals might consider demanding, challenging, and/or threatening individual safety.

Various Stressors are: Environmental, Social, Psychosocial and Developmental.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSOR

Stressors that are found in our environmental elements are called environmental stressors. Everyday life is filled   with environmental stressors that cause minor disturbances. Assuming that you use a morning alarm to get up in the morning, the noise from your alarm is an environmental stressor. Extreme temperatures are additionally environmental stressors and can prompt uneasiness. Other normal environmental stressors include:

•        Noise

•        Crowding

•        Air quality

•        Colors

•        Tornadoes and other natural disasters

•        War and other manmade disasters

•        Light

•        Insects

2. SOCIAL STRESSOR

Social stress is a stress that stems from one’s associations with others and from the social environment overall.

There are three main categories of social stressors:

a) Life occasions are characterized as sudden, extreme life changes that require a person to adjust rapidly (ex. rape, unexpected injury).

b) Chronic strains are defined as persistent events which require an individual to make adaptations over an extended period of time (ex. separate, joblessness).

c) Daily issues are characterized as minor occasions that happen, which require variation over the course of the day (ex. terrible traffic, conflicts).

At a point when stress becomes constant, one encounters emotional, behavioural, and physiological changes that can put one under more serious danger for developing a psychological problem and actual sickness.

3.PSYCHO-SOCIAL STRESSORS

A day-to-day existence circumstance that makes a unusual or serious degree of stress that might add to the development of events or disturbance of mental problem, disease, or maladaptive conduct.

4. DEVELOPMENTAL STRESSORS

One class of stressors is called developmental or normative stress. Developmental stress accompanies the normal growing experiences of childhood.   A few instances of this kind of stressor are dealing with strangers as an infant: , being isolated from guardians, beginning or changing schools, and adjusting to puberty.

Spirituality is the expansive idea of faith in something beyond self. It might include religious practices focusing on the belief in a higher power, yet it can likewise include holistic faith in an individual association with others and to the world overall.

All things being equal, it recommends that there is something more that associates all creatures to one another and to the actual universe. It likewise suggests that there is continuous presence after death and strives to address inquiries regarding the significance of life, how individuals are associated with one another, facts about the universe, and different secrets of human life.

SIGNS

Spirituality is not a single path or belief system. There are numerous ways of encountering spirituality and the benefit of a spiritual encounter. For certain individuals, this may include the confidence in a higher power or a particular religious practice.

For other people, it might include experiencing a feeling of association with a higher state or a feeling of inter- connectedness with the rest of humankind and nature. A few indications of spirituality can include:

 Not every person encounters or expresses spirituality similarly. Certain individuals might look for spiritual experiences in every aspect of their lives, while others might be bound to have these sentiments under specific conditions or in specific areas.

TYPES OF SPIRITUALITY

There are various types of spirituality, going from religious practices to more secular approaches. A portion of the significant types of spirituality include:

• Buddhism
• Christianity
• Hinduism
• Humanism
• Islam
• Judaism
• New age spirituality
• Sikhism

There are various reasons for why individuals might turn to spirituality:

1.To track down reason and meaning: Exploring spirituality can assist people observe replies to questions they have about philosophical inquiries, for example, “what is going on with life?” and “what purpose does my life serve?”

2. To cope up with the feeling of stress, depression, and tension: Spiritual experience can be useful when adapting to the burdens of life.

3. To re-establish trust and good faith: Spirituality can assist individuals with fostering a more confident point of view.

ADVANTAGES OF SPIRITUAL ACTIVITY

Coming up next are a couple of positive discoveries connected with spirituality and its effect on physical and emotional well-being:

1. Research has shown that religion and spirituality can assist people to adapt with the impacts of regular pressure. One investigation discovered that regular spiritual encounters assisted more seasoned grown-ups with better adapt to gloomy sentiments and upgraded good sentiments.

2. Research shows that aged women are more appreciative to God than older men, and they get more stress because of this appreciation.

• Individuals who feel great and console while involving spirituality as a survival technique for stress can have confidence that there’s significantly more proof that this a good idea for them. Prayer works for youthful and old the same. Prayer and spirituality have been connected to:

1.Better wellbeing

2.More mental prosperity

3. Less depression

4. Less hypertension

5. Less pressure, in any event, during troublesome times

6. More good sentiments

7. Better capacity than handle pressure

Loneliness is a universal concept which is complex and which is unique to each and every human being or individual.For example, a lonely child at school struggling to make friends is different from an adult who feels lonely because his/her spouse is dead.

MEANING:

The common definitions of loneliness describes it as a state of solitude or being alone whereas loneliness is a state of mind.Loneliness leads to feelings such as alone, unwanted and empty.People who are lonely usually crave for human attention but its also difficult for them for form connections.

Different studies and research state that loneliness is associated with social isolation, poor social skills and depression.According to many experts, Loneliness is not necessarily a state of being alone.Instead the feeling of being alone and isolated creates loneliness.

LONELINESS VS SOLITUDE:

Being alone is not as same as being lonely. Researches therefore say that the feeling of loneliness and being isolated leads to both physical and mental despair.Solitude is actually important for many health benefits including allowing people to better focus and recharge.

• LONELINESS

It’s the feeling of isolation despite wanting social connections. It is often perceived as an involuntary separation, rejection, or abandonment by other people.

• SOLITUDE:

Solitude on the other hand explains people who enjoy spending time by themselves. Its voluntary. This group of people also spends time with others but they balance it off by spending some alone time with themselves.

HEALTH RISK ASSOCIATED WITH LONELINESS:

Well, Loneliness has a wide range of negative effects on both physical and mental health of an individual.

• Alcohol and drug misuse
• Altered brain function
• Antisocial behaviour
• Cardiovascular disease and stroke
• Decreased memory and learning
• Depression and suicide
• Increased stress levels
• Poor decision making capabilities

These are not the only areas where loneliness takes a toll. It also disrupts the regulation of cellular processes deep within the body which predisposes lonely people to premature aging.

People who are less lonely are more likely to be married, having high incomes and have higher educational qualifications.People who have higher level of loneliness are usually found living in small cities with small social networks and low quality social relationships.

CLOSE FRIENDSHIPS HELP COMBAT LONELINESS:

Statistics states that Loneliness is becoming quite prevalent especially among the younger generations. According to a study conducted in 2019, 25% adults between 18 to 27 age groups have no close friends while 22% reportedly have no friends at all. The rise of internet and social media are partially to be blamed.Study says that it’s not the quantity of social interactions but the quality which helps combat loneliness.

Having just a few close friends is more than enough to combat loneliness and reduce the negative health consequences associated with this state of mind. Research says that the experience of actual face to face contact with friends helps boost peoples sense of well-being.

WAYS TO OVERCOME LONELINESS:

Loneliness can be overcome but with a conscious effort to make a change. In the long run it helps with your physical health makes you feel happier and leather and enables you to impact around you in a positive way.

• EXPECT THE BEST:

Lonely people often expect rejection so instead try to focus on the positive thoughts and attitudes in your social relationships.

• FOCUS ON DEVELOPING QUALITY RElATIONSHIPS:

Seek people who share similar thoughts and ideas, interests and values within you.

• STRENGTHEN CURRENT RELATIONSHIP:

Yes, it’s true that building new relationships are important but improving the current relationships are also important in a great way to help combat loneliness. Try talking to a friend or family member whom you haven’t spoken to in a while.

• TALK TO SOMEONE YOU TRUST:

Reaching out to somebody in your life is very important and talking about what you feel is equally important. This could be a family member, a friend or your therapist.

• REALISE THE EFFECTS OF LONELINESS:

There are physical and mental repercussions to loneliness. If you recognise some of these symptoms affecting how you feel, make a conscious effort to combat them.

CONCLUSION:

Loneliness can have a serious effect on your health so it is important to be able to recognise signs that you are feeling lonely. It is also important to remember that being alone isn’t the same as being lonely.If loneliness is affecting your well being then there are things that you can do that can help you form new connections and find the social support that you need.Work on new connections and develop the current relationships, spend time in talking to people. If you’re still struggling consider therapy but always remember that there is the right help and right way to deal with it.