Perl

Perl may be a artificial language that was originally developed for script manipulation. however currently Perl is employed for a spread of purpose as well as net development, graphical user interface development, system administration and plenty of a lot of. it’s a stable, cross platform artificial language.

For net development, Perl CGI is employed. CGI is that the entree that interacts with the online browser and Perl during a system.

Its typical use is extracting info from a document and printing out report for changing a document into another type. this is often as a result of it got its name once the expression, “Practical Extraction and Report Language”.

Programs written in Perl square measure referred to as Perl scripts, whereas system programs to execute Perl scripts square measure referred to as Perl program.

Perl is AN taken language. once a Perl program run, it’s 1st compiled into a computer memory unit code, then it’s born-again into machine directions. therefore writing one thing in Perl rather than C saves it slow.

It supports most of the operational systems and is listed in English language wordbook. Its ideas and syntax is taken from several languages like awk, bourne shell, C, sed and even English.

Perl History


Perl was developed by Larry shut in 1987 as a scripting language to create report process easier.

It was 1st discharged with version one.0 on Dec eighteen, 1987.

Perl 2, discharged in 1988 adding a way higher regular expression engine.
Perl 3, discharged in 1989 adding support for binary knowledge streams.

Perl 4, discharged in 1991 with a higher documentation than earlier.

Perl 5, discharged on October seventeen, 1994. It adscititious several new options to its last version like objects, variables, references and modules.
The latest version five.24 is discharged on could nine, 2016.

Perl options
It has a really straightforward Object-oriented programming syntax.
It is simply long because it supports twenty five,000 open supply modules.
It supports Unicode.
It includes powerful tools to method text to create it compatible with mark-up languages like markup language, XML.
It supports third party information as well as Oracle, MySQL and plenty of others.
It is embeddable in alternative systems like net servers and information servers.
It is open supply software package authorized below wildebeest.
Many frameworks square measure written in Perl.
It will handle encrypted net knowledge as well as e-commerce transactions.
It is a cross platform language.
It offers an everyday expression engine that is ready to remodel any sort of text.
Perl Licensing
Perl five is copyright (C) 1993-2005, by Larry Wall. it’s ASCII text file and free software package. It are often decentralized or changed below bound terms and conditions of wildebeest and inventive License.

The wildebeest General Public License provides a free and open supply software package to its users. Any program derived below wildebeest authorized ASCII text file should have same sort of license.

The inventive license states that a package derived from Perl should clearly highlights the modifications created in it. the initial module ought to be distributed along side the derived one. specifically the initial author should be recognized because the owner of the package. Users ought to be able to distinguish between the initial module and derived module.

EID-AL-ADHA

Eid al-Adha is a Muslim religious holiday. In Islam, there are two major Eids: Eid-ul-Fitr, which marks the end of the Holy Month of Ramadan, and Eid-ul-Adha, which marks the end of the yearly Hajj journey during the time of Qurbani means ‘sacrifice’. It is celebrated by Muslims all around the world and might span several days depending on where you live. 

The Festival of Sacrifice is also known as Eid al-Adha. It commemorates the narrative of Ibrahim, a prophet who attempted to show his faith in Allah by sacrificing his son Ishamel. He made the decision to obey Allah’s word. Despite several obstacles, he was on the verge of sacrificing his kid. At that very time of sacrifice, Ishamel had been replaced with a ram by Allah because Ibrahim had demonstrated his loyalty to Allah without any question.

Therefore, Muslims commemorate Ibrahim’s steadfastness and allegiance to Allah above everything else.

Although Eid-ul-Adha has no direct link to the Hajj Pilgrimage, it occurs just a day after the Hajj is completed and so has historical significance. The tenth day of the last (twelfth) month of the Islamic Lunar Calendar, Dhu-al-Hijjah, is Eid-ul-Adha. The date of the celebration is determined by a valid sighting of the moon after the yearly Holy Pilgrimage of Hajj, which is a requirement for all Muslims who meet certain conditions and is one of Islam’s fundamental Five Pillars. 

It usually lasts two to four days. Following the Eid Salaah (Eid Prayers), which are done in congregation at the closest Mosque on the morning of Eid, the act of Qurbani (sacrifice) is performed. The act of Qurbani consists of slaughtering an animal be it sheep, goat, cow, bull, camel as a sacrifice to commemorate Prophet Ibrahim’s sacrifice for Allah on this special date. Udhiya is another name for this. From the 10th to the 12th of Dhu-al-Hijjah, three days of animal sacrifice are observed. The animal should be slaughtered in a “halal” friendly, Islamic manner, and the animal must be in excellent health and beyond a particular age. 

The Qurbani meat can then be divided into three equal parts each share: one-third for you and your family, one-third for friends, and the last third for charity.

The day is traditionally spent celebrating with family, friends, and loved ones, typically by dressing new or finest outfits and exchanging gifts. But however in today’s time, keeping in mind the pandemic situation and social distancing many of these gatherings may not be possible. Some festivities may be held only with intimate relatives or may be held entirely online.

Usually, When Eid al-Adha begins, some Muslims attend Hajj a pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia. They hurl pebbles at three massive stone pillars in Mina’s city. Muslims say that this is where Ibrahim flung pebbles at the devil to chase him away. But, The event has been reduced back this year due to social distance. Only 60,000 persons in Saudi Arabia who have been inoculated with vaccines will be authorised to conduct the procedure

Digital Marketing

•What is Digital Marketing?

   Digital marketing is the component of marketing that refers to advertising delivered through digital channels such as search engines, websites, social media, email, and mobile apps. Using these online media channels, digital marketing is the method by which companies endorse goods, services, and brands.
   Companies leverage social media platforms for both business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) digital marketing campaigns. 

•Types of Digital Marketing Strategies:-
1.Social Media Marketing Platforms.
2.Influencer Marketing. 
3.Email Marketing. 
4.Content Marketing.
5.Search Engine Optimization (SEO) 6.Marketing.
7.Pay-per-click (PPC)
8.Affiliate Marketing
9.Mobile Marketing

•Here are 7 things you can do right now to start a digital marketing career:
1.Create an Online Presence.
2.Know the Latest Trends.
3.Use Your Creativity. 
4.Create a Winning Resume. 
5.Get Out there and Network. 
6.Learn about Analytics.
7.Get Some Experience. 

     Digital Marketing is a futuristic career and while the career still does not pay as well as say IT industry, it is catching up with other industries quite fast and is expected to be an industry with the highest paying jobs in the next few years.

Raksha Bandhan

Rakhi Purnima, known as Raksha Bandhan, is a famous festival observed by the Hindu community. On this auspicious day, the brothers traditionally consolidate their oath to protect their sisters from any obstacle. The sisters worship their brothers, tie a holy bracelet on their wrist, and receive gifts and money from their elders.

Rakhi is the symbol of love and unity, but if we study Hindu mythology, it is concluded that rakhi was not performed traditionally by siblings in ancient times. The wives conducted their rites on their husbands. In the legendary tale of Lord Indra Dev and his wife Sachi, Lord Indra went on a fierce battle with a powerful demonic king Bali. Fearing the threatened life of Lord Indra, his wife Sachi tied a pious bracelet to her husband’s wrist that was given to by Lord Vishnu. Thus, in ancient times the tying of thread has become a tradition for married couples, but in the present time, it has extended from brothers and sisters to every kind of relationship.

Raksha Bandhan is a festival which celebrates the bond of a brother and sister. This festival is celebrated in the Hindu religion. It is one of their most important festivals. In addition, sisters and brothers wait eagerly for it all round the year. People celebrate it with abundant zeal and enthusiasm in India.

Similarly, it does not matter if you are a kid or an adult. Brothers and sisters of all ages celebrate Raksha Bandhan. Furthermore, it strengthens the bond between them as well. ‘Raksha’ translates to the protection and ‘Bandhan’ translates to bond. Thus, this explains the meaning of this festival.

Raksha Bandhan is celebrated following the Hindu calendar. It falls in the month of Saawan and people celebrate it on the last day of the month. This auspicious festival usually falls around August only.

Importance of Raksha Bandhan

As we all know, siblings carry a special place in our hearts. However, the particular bond of a brother and sister is very unique. The care they have for each other knows no bounds. The love they share is beyond compare.

No matter how much they fight with one another, they always stand behind them in support. Brothers and sisters fight with each other over trivial matters. In other words, they share a bond which is full of teasing and love.

Brothers and sisters help us grow. At every stage of our lives, the bond between them grows stronger. They stand with each other through thick and thin. The elder brothers are very protective of their sisters. Similarly, elder sisters care a lot for their younger brothers. The younger ones look up to their elder siblings.

Raksha Bandhan is all about celebrating this bond. It is a symbolism of the unique and special relationship shared by the two. This day has been rightly recognized to have a good time and focus on this beautiful bond. It serves as a symbol of their love, togetherness, and confidence in each other.

Occasion of Raksha BandhanRaksha Bandhan is a time for pampering for the sisters. On this auspicious occasion, the sisters tie a sacred thread i.e. rakhi, on their brother’s wrist. It is done so with the intent to wish good health and long life.On the other hand, the brothers, in turn, bless their sisters and pledge to protect them and care for them all their lives. The sisters receive a lot of love and pampering on this day. It is in the form of chocolates, gifts, money, dresses and more.

The family members dress up for this occasion, usually in ethnic wear. We see the markets flooded with colorful rakhis and gifts. Every year, fashionable and trendiest rakhis do the rounds of the market. Women shop for the perfect rakhis for their brothers and the men go out to buy gifts for their sisters.In conclusion, Raksha Bandhan is one of the most enjoyable festivals. It gives the brother and sister to strengthen their bond. Nowadays, even sisters who do not have brothers celebrate Raksha Bandhan with their sisters. The essence of the festival remains the same nonetheless.

Things to do in your 20s

Photo by Helena Lopes on Pexels.com

This is the time when you start becoming more independent and truly begin the journey of self- discovery. A time for many big decisions and experiences and certainly is one of the most important phases of your life. Here are few things that one must learn to make the most of this period in life

LEARN FINANCES

Financial education is one of the most important subjects but yet ignored by many young adults. The sooner you start saving, investing and managing, the sooner you will learn and see the results. Since you are young, you don’t really have much to lose, this will help you practice without lasting consequences and will give you a leg up in regards to your peers and provides you with experience. So start planning for the future.

MAKE MISTAKES

Do not fear making mistakes, take the risk, take the chance. Our mistakes are what helps us grow and learn. So, for your 20s, embrace the idea that you will make mistakes and lots of them! But always learn the lesson that it has taught you, or else it would be an effort in vain. These lessons must be the push on your journey towards a better self.

LEARN HEALTHY HABITS

In 20s, health is at its peak, so this creates an illusion for many young adults that they can eat junk and drink anything for pleasure, but these choices have severe long-term consequences on body. So, this time of your life is a good opportunity to establish life-long healthy habits.

Consider your diet, learn to cook, and find a way of exercising that works best for you. Starting early on to build a healthy foundation is likely to improve your well-being significantly and will be one of the best investments for future.

TRAVEL

Even if you are short on your budget, travel your city and neighboring towns, because traveling can add value to your life. When you travel, you learn how to adapt to new situations, it takes you out of our comfort zone and allows you to test yourself. You learn to live with people, often without a common cultural ground or language. It gives a new perspective about life and boosts confidence.

HOW TO FILE A PATENT IN INDIA?

If any one have created or invented a process, product or service that can be defined as an original invention, then it is important to get it patented because it helps to safeguard ones invention.  It can protect any product, design or process that meets certain specifications according to its originality, practicality, suitability, and utility.  In most cases, a patent can protect an invention for up to 20 years. This time period starts soon as you file your patent.  The first and foremost thing that a person must do for getting a patent is to file a formal application of Patent at patent office. 

However, patent registrations are not applicable for all inventions because the invention should satisfy specific criteria to obtain a patent in India. So, let us know about who can file a patent and what types of inventions get patented in a clear way.

WHO CAN FILE FOR A PATENT ?

A patent registration application for an invention can be made by the people either alone or jointly. Most of the patents were applied by the true inventor or the assignee of first inventor and sometimes it can also be applied by the representative of the deceased true and first inventor assignee. In the case of a proprietorship firm, the application should be made in the proprietors’ name and if it is a partnership firm, then the names of all personally responsible partners must be included in the patent application. Most importantly the applicant is required to disclose the name, address, and nationality of the true and first inventor.

WHAT CAN BE PATENTED?

The Patent Act states that for an invention to be patentable, the invention must be a new product or process that involves an inventive step and can be used in the industry. For an invention to obtain patent registration, it should be technical and the invention should possess utility so that it can be used either in industry or market. The invention must possess novelty i.e the specified invention should not published in India or elsewhere priorly. These all should be cross checked before filing the patent application in India.

PATENT APPLICATION PROCEDURE:

Step 1 – PATENTABILITY OPINION:

Before you begin the patent registration process, you need to check if your invention is patentable. This means that you need to check if another individual has filed a patent for a similar technology for which you are filing. Performing an in-depth patentability search helps you to understand whether you have a chance of getting a patent for your invention or not.

Step 2 – DRAFTING & FILING THE PATENT APPLICATION:

After successfully completing the first step, you can begin the patent application process. Indian applicants need to fill Indian Patent Application Form 1 and along with that you need to provide a Form 2 mandatorily for specifying the type of patent where you can choose between a provisional and complete patent application, based on the stage of invention. This means that if your invention is still under testing then, you need to apply for a provisional patent application where you can get a period of 12 months to complete the invention and can file for a complete patent.

You need to pay special attention when you are drafting your patent application and should include clauses like usability and outcome of the invention in detail. It is also necessary to include the intention to get license on the invention while drafting the patent application and be meticulous in including all the clauses that prevent the competition from others who use same technology.

Step 3 – PUBLISHING THE PATENT APPLICATION :

After submitting all the documents, the patent application is safely secured by the Indian Patent Office and applied patent is then published in an official patent journal after a period of 18 months approximately. However, inventors who wish to have their patent application published before this 18 month period can submit Form 9 (form that requests for early publication) so that the application can be published in official patent journal within 1 month of making request.

Step 4 – EXAMINING THE PATENT APPLICATION:

Before granting the patent, the patent application needs to be examined thoroughly. As per rules of the patent application process in India, applied patent should examined based on the merits of the invention and described in the patent specification form. Unlike the publication process, this is not an automatic process and the applicant needs to make a request to examine their patent application by submitting Form 18 because the patent office queues the application form for examination only after a formal request for examination is made.

When the application lands on the examiner’s desk, it is scrutinized according to the Patent Act and underlying rules along with that the examiner also searches for similar technologies to ensure the invention satisfies patentability criteria or not. After reviewing the application, the first examination report is submitted. The examiner lists his objections in detail which can further extend the application process by another 6- 9 months.

Step 5 – DECISION TO GRANT PATENT:

Once the examiner finds no objections in the patent application, he grants the patent and then the patent is then published in the official patent gazette.

Step 6 – RENEWING THE PATENT:

The patent holder also needs to renew his patent by paying an annual renewal fee. In India, it is possible to renew your patent for a period of 20 years at maximum, from the date the patent was first filed.

OVERVIEW OF PATENT PROCEDURE

CONCLUSION:

Finally, the patent filing process is long and complex, one must remember its importance in the long run. The entire process can take anywhere in between 3-5 years. However, This process is created with the intention of ensuring that the inventor gets credit for his invention and also ensures that no other individual can claim rights over the invention. The legal rights that an inventor earn through patent can prevent competitors from using the invention for financial benefits. In any wrong case the related true inventor of invention can also sue on such individuals and claim compensation for using invention without their approval.

So, guys this is the procedure to file a patent in India and I have tried my level best to make you understand about the patent procedure

WHAT IS THE NEED OF PROTECTING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Protecting intellectual property is essential to remain profitable because intellectual property of a company prevent others from infringement of their own products and innovations. Particularly, protecting IP’s are relevant in today’s competitive market. Intellectual properties can cover a wide range of topics such as brand name, logos, services, processes etc.. of a company. An organisation is bound to face losses when these concepts are used without their permission. Let me explain you about the importance of protecting intellectual property with a case study.

CASE STUDY:

YOU ARE NOT BAJAJ:

A Hyderabad food retain chain, Urban Food Mart, India pvt.ltd has told by the Bombay high court to stop using the name ” BAJAJ SUPER MARKET ” for its business. The justice has passed an interim order on Feb 5th, 2021. Retaining urban food mart using the name of Bajaj and has directed into remove all signatures i.e use of marks on shopping bags, cartons, parking material etc… with in 3 weeks.

Bajaj electricals sued urban food mart saying that it had been using the name Bajaj continuously and extensively since 1961.

In the above case study we can clearly identify that Hyderabad related food retain chain has violated the term Trademark in IPR by copying the name of Bajaj electronics with out it’s permission. As I mentioned in previous articles also, Intellectual property highlights the important assets of an entrepreneur, Intellectual property rights is the collective term for creations of the mind which can be used for the commercial good will.

Almost every company in this technical world has undeniably benefited from the internet, which allows goods, services, and marketing messages to reach a large audience at a low cost – but it has also raised the risk of intellectual property infringements. This ultimately makes the protection of Intellectual Property as one of the most important things in today’s business world.

Most of the entrepreneurs because of having lack of knowledge in intellectual properties ignore important steps that they have to take for protecting their IP assets later which results into loss for their company. So a proper attention should be given for protecting IPR of a company by both management and employees. It will be good for the company, if it nominate a manager who takes the responsibility for understanding and protecting IP rights.

LIFE CYCLE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY(IP):

Protecting IP assets at the right time will always maximize the value of business. Now let us see the life cycle of intellectual properties in the following picture.

IP CREATION: Creation of IP enables innovators and inventors to identify and develop the potential research works in various fields.

IP PROTECTION: It enables in getting ownership rights and overall control on IP of a firm.

IP ASSETIZATION: Facilitates the development of IP based products of a company.

IP COMMERCIALIZATION: It enables business to make revenue and helps in expanding the market of the company.

HOW TO PROTECT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES:

The following are the five tips that every entrepreneur or owner of a firm must keep in mind for protecting IPR are as follows:

1 APPLY FOR PATENTS, COPY RIGHTS, TRADEMARKS:

Companies can protect their core management and their research & development activities through intellectual property rights and registrations. They also have a better bargaining position for cross-licensing and counterclaims. Intellectual property rights and registrations also allow a corporation to obstruct competing goods, determine new entrants, and pave the way for future market share via technological advancements. Intellectual property rights come in a variety of forms, such as Patents (used to protect technical information), Copyrights ( used to protect original artistic expressions of text, drawings etc..) and Trademarks (used to protect logos, brand names etc..). Each one of these must be applied in prior to protect the companies rights in order to sue if a third party infringes. 

2 SECURE YOUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY BOTH PHYSICALLY & DIGITALLY :

Companies must protect their IP in both Physical and digital protection and should maintain high security where sensitive data is stored, whether it is in the server farm or it is in the paper form. Keep track on the person who has the keys. Use passwords and limit employee access to important databases.

3 AVOID JOINT OWNERSHIP FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS:

Make an effort to escape joint intellectual property rights. It is always beneficial for you to have control of your rights. In the long run, joint ownership of such rights can cause confusion and legal issues threatening the security of these assets, causing harm to all parties involved.

4 GET EXACTLY-MATCHING DOMAIN NAMES:

An exact-match domain name is one of the best intellectual property protection strategies for trademarks and copyrights (that you already own). Though it can be a bit expensive but it will help you in the long-term benefits.

5 KEEP YOUR IDEA A SECRET UNTIL YOU HAVE FILED A PATENT APPLICATION:

Make sure that you never share your idea with anyone before you have protected the same. This is because the other person might file for a patent before you and gain ownership rights over it. There is an old maxim that says “a secret shared is not a secret anymore”. So, don’t share the total information about the idea or invention with anyone and keep it as a confidential matter.

ECONOMICS BEHIND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

In todays world several companies use the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) to protect their new inventions and company secrets. IPR are the legal rights granted by government to encourage innovation and creative output by ensuring that creators reap the benefits for their inventions or works. Intellectual property rights include several forms such as patents, trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks, or geographical indications (GIs).

World intellectual property organization(WIPO) defines IPR as a creation of mind inventions, literacy, artistic works and symbols, names, images and designs used in commerce. When a company hold its physical properties with out any IPR then those properties are considered as tangible where as IPR possessed properties are considered as Intangible. Intellectual property is essentially needed for a private nature belong to either through a natured person or legal person( Companies, Institutions). IPR can be own, bought and sold, rented , protected and infringed upon by others.

EVALUTION OF IPR IN INDIA:

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in India was imported from the west through the Indian Trade and Merchandise Marks Act 1884 which was considered as the first Indian Law on IPR. The first Indian Patent Law was enacted in 1856 followed by a series of Acts being passed. There is an Indian Patents and Designs Act in 1911 and Indian Copyright Act in 1914 is the first enacted copy write act in India. Later after getting independence the Comprehensive Copyright Act was enacted in the year of 1957 to consolidate the laws related to copyrights in India.

In 1948, the Indian Government appointed the committee to review the prevailing Patents and Designs legislation. In 1957, Government appointed to revise the Patent Law in order to balance the constitutional guarantee of economic and social justice enshrined in the preamble of the constitution. The report submitted by the committee outlined the policy behind the Indian Patent system. After the revision of previous acts on patents, a new patent act was released in the year of 1970 which process the patents only for food, agrochemicals, alloys, drugs and fixed 7 years term for food, drug and 14 years for others with having compulsory license provisions.

IPR LAWS ADMINISTERED BY OFFICE CGPDTM

EVALUTION OF INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE OF IPR:

Every country has some relationship with other foreign countries in the form of trading, such as imports and exports. The foundation of International Intellectual Property Protection was created in the 19th century in the view of protection of Industrial Property which was created at Paris Convention in the year of 1883 regarding the terms of Patents, Trade Marks and Industrial designs that were granted protection at that convention. In 1998, India also became a member of the Paris Convention. In 1886, International Copyright Act was passed.

The Paris Convention marked the beginning of the International Trade Marks Protection laws and introduced the concept of a well known mark. In 1960 the World Intellectual Property Organization was created which governs the Paris and Berne Convention. In 1977 World Trade Organization (WTO) was created and become an important international organization for the development and understanding the IPR. This WTO was the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT).

The importance of intellectual property in India is well established under statutory, administrative and judicial levels with an agreement made with World Trade Organization (WTO). This Agreement concentrates on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) which came into force from 1st January 1995. It lays down the minimum standards for protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights in member countries which are required to promote effective and adequate protection of intellectual property rights with a view to reducing distortions and impediments to international trade.

The IPR scene in India has undergone a dramatical change since 1995 with the creation of various tools of Intellectual Property which shows compatibility with TRIPS.

ECONOMICAL PERSPECTIVE OF IPR IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES :

Intellectual property rights have a great importance in the growth of a country. Intellectual property law differs from county to country. In many developed countries, the strict enforcement of the IPR has a huge contribution to economic growth. IPR promotes innovation which leads to the economic growth. Nowadays every business in the world is looking for the creation of Innovations.

So, protecting those new innovations has become necessary for companies these days. Not only protecting the new inventions of the company but also established companies should also protect their company names also in order to avoid duplicates in the market. Some big companies sell their names in exchange of huge amount in exchange of huge amount of money. Intellectual property rights have a great influence on the financial improvement of a nation. Different country governments face a complex choices on how to design an IP system in the best way to serve their policy objectives.

As India is one of the fastest growing countries, innovation became the first priority to most of the startup companies and as well as established firms including Government firms. Significance of IPR gives a competitive edge in the market for a company and also protects from hackers and pirates. Developing countries went along with the TRIPS agreement for a variety of reasons, ranging from the hope of additional access to agricultural and apparel markets in rich nations, to an expectation that stronger IPR would encourage additional technology transfer and innovation.

From business perspective IPR helps to create a strong brand identity and obtain valuable competitive intelligence. Along with these they help in making revenue through licenses. The main flexibility that is obtained through IPR is freedom of operating. After the introduction of TRIPS the market in India started changing vastly and the act started to provide space for operation and opportunities to companies and innovations. The private sector has started investing in research and development. Finally, The intellectual property right development plays a crucial role on economy for the development of business in a country.

TERMS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS:

Intellectual Property is an intangible property, which is a product of human intellect, capital, labour, etc. such as artistic creations, literary works, inventions and so forth. It is intangible because it cannot be identified with the help of its physical characteristics.

Intellectual property is an asset by which one can own their business identity, technology, works of authorship, logo, slogans and many other practical expression of the ideas that drives the business forward. Intellectual property plays a vital role at all levels of your business.

To safeguard the interest of the creators, intellectual property rights are introduced which give them the right over their property and prevents others from using it in an illegal way. There are several terms in intellectual property rights, they are described clearly in the following paras:

TERMS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS:

COPYRIGHT:

Copyright is a legal IPR term used to describe the rights that creators have over their literary and artistic works. Works covered by copyright range from books, music, paintings, sculpture, and films, to computer programs, databases, advertisements, maps, and technical drawings. Copyright provides the owner with exclusive rights to use, display, copy, exhibit, modify and distribute the work.

PATENT:

A patent is an intellectual property right which is exclusively related for an invention and grant rights on that invention. The invention may be a product or a process that provides in general for a new way of doing something, or offers a new technical solution to a problem. To get a patent, technical information about the invention must be disclosed to the public in a patent application. There are different types of patents are existed they are:

  • Utility patents: These are the most common form of patents to protect physical inventions, chemicals and processes.
  • Design patents: These patents protect the unique form, appearance or design of an item.
  • Plant patents: These patents protect the development of a new variety of plant through an asexual reproduction in a controlled setting.

TRADEMARK:

A trademark is a sign capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises. Trademarks are protected by intellectual property rights. In simple words trademarks are those things that make up your brand with having certain phrases, logos, unique words, and graphic design elements can be trademarked. Trademarks defend against confusion or dilution of the brand in the marketplace. Trademarks have to be distinctive in order to gain protection. The mark’s that are associated with business denotes its strength, which plays a vital role for defending the piracies.

GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS:

A geographical indication (GI) is a sign used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are due to that origin. In order to function as a GI, a sign must identify a product as originating in a given place. A geographical indication is often related to industrial property, which adverts referring to a country or to a place, situated for the origin of that product. This geographical indication not only refers to where the product was made, but more importantly, it identifies the product’s special characteristics which are the result of the products origin. Using the place name where the product was made.

INDUSTRIAL DESIGN:

Industrial design is also a term in intellectual property. It is a process of design applied to products that are to be manufactured by mass production. It can be applied to a wide variety of factors like, materials, production processes, business strategy and prevailing social research activities, commercial or aesthetic attitudes.

As per the Indian law, under the design act 2000, Industrial design protection is a type of intellectual property right that gives the exclusive right to make, sell and use articles that embody the protected design to the selected people only.

TRADE SECRETS:

Trade secrets are intellectual property (IP) rights on confidential information which may be sold or licensed. In general, to qualify as a trade secret, the information must lie in commercially valuable because it is secret and should be known only to a limited group of persons and also it should be subjected to a reasonable steps taken by the rightful holder of the information to keep it secret, including the use of confidentiality agreements for business partners and employees.

The unauthorized acquisition or use or disclosure of such secret information is referred as an unfair practice and considered as violation of the trade secret protection.

So, These are some of the terms that are related to Intellectual property rights. Which are useful and necessary for any type of organization or firm to protect their new inventions, logos, artistic works etc… from their competitors.