Tag: Diagnosis

Explaining Autism

There are many people around us of different age groups that are either diagnosed or have underlying symptoms of autism. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by challenges with social communication, and by restricted and repetitive behaviours. is now considered part of the wider autism spectrum. People with autism have trouble with communication. They have trouble understanding what other people think and feel. This makes it hard for them to express themselves, either with words or through gestures, facial expressions, and touch. People with autism might have problems with learning. Their skills might develop unevenly. For example, they could have trouble communicating but be unusually good at art, music, math, or memory. Because of this, they might do especially well on tests of analysis or problem-solving. More children are diagnosed with autism now than ever before. But the latest numbers could be higher because of changes in how it’s diagnosed, not because more children have a disorder.

Autism is known to affect every one in every 60 individuals and boys are said to have more risk of developing it than girls. It can be hard to get a definite diagnosis of autism. Your doctor will focus on behaviour and development.

A developmental screening will tell the doctor whether a child is on track with basic skills like learning, speaking, behavior, and moving. If a child shows signs of a problem on these screenings, they’ll need a more complete evaluation. This might include hearing and vision tests or genetic tests. Your doctor might want to bring in someone who specializes in autism disorders, like a developmental paediatrician or a child psychologist. Some psychologists can also give a test called the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS).parents can also find some symptoms and unusual behaviour

Common symptoms of autism include:

  • A lack of eye contact
  • A narrow range of interests or intense interest in certain topics
  • Doing something over and over, like repeating words or phrases, rocking back and forth, or flipping a lever
  • High sensitivity to sounds, touches, smells, or sights that seem ordinary to other people
  • Not looking at or listening to other people
  • Not looking at things when another person points at them
  • Not wanting to be held or cuddled
  • Problems understanding or using speech, gestures, facial expressions, or tone of voice
  • Talking in a sing-song, flat, or robotic voice
  • Trouble adapting to changes in routine

What Are the Types of Autism Spectrum Disorders?

These types were once thought to be separate conditions. Now, they fall under the range of autism spectrum disorders including:

Asperger’s syndrome. These children don’t have a problem with language; in fact, they tend to score in the average or above-average range on intelligence tests. But they have social problems and a narrow scope of interests.

Autistic disorder. This is what most people think of when they hear the word “autism.” It refers to problems with social interactions, communication, and play in children younger than 3 years.

Childhood disintegrative disorder. These children have typical development for at least 2 years and then lose some or most of their communication and social skills.

Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD or atypical autism). Your doctor might use this term if your child has some autistic behavior, like delays in social and communications skills, but doesn’t fit into another category.

What Causes Autism?

Exactly why autism happens isn’t clear. It could stem from problems in parts of your brain that interpret sensory input and process language.. It can happen in people of any race, ethnicity, or social background. Family income, lifestyle, or educational level doesn’t affect a child’s risk of autism. Autism runs in families, so certain combinations of genes may increase a child’s risk. A child with an older parent has a higher risk of autism. Pregnant women who are exposed to certain drugs or chemicals, like alcohol or anti-seizure medications, are more likely to have autistic children. Other risk factors include maternal metabolic conditions such as diabetes and obesity. Research has also linked autism to untreated phenylketonuria (also called PKU, a metabolic disorder caused by the absence of an enzyme) and rubella (German measles).There is no evidence that vaccinations cause autism.

How Is Autism Treated?

There’s no cure for autism. But early treatment can make a big difference in development for a child with autism. If you think your child shows symptoms of ASD, tell your doctor as soon as possible.What works for one person might not work for another. Your doctor should tailor treatment for you or your child. The two main types of treatments are:

Behavioral and communication therapy to help with structure and organization. Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is one of these treatments; it promotes positive behavior and discourages negative behavior. Occupational therapy can help with life skills like dressing, eating, and relating to people. Sensory integration therapy might help someone who has problems with being touched or with sights or sounds. Speech therapy improves communication skills.

Medications to help with symptoms of ASD, like attention problems, hyperactivity, or anxiety.

Complementary treatments may help boost learning and communication skills in some people with autism. Complementary therapies include music, art, or animal therapy, like horseback riding and even swimming with dolphins.

It is high time that people start to embrace autism and not ostracize such individuals but give more support and kindness. Young children must be taught about it and it’s not a topic to shy away from but accept and cherish that its ok to be different because that way you are special.

Explaining Autism

There are many people around us of different age groups that are either diagnosed or have underlying symptoms of autism. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by challenges with social communication, and by restricted and repetitive behaviours. is now considered part of the wider autism spectrum. People with autism have trouble with communication. They have trouble understanding what other people think and feel. This makes it hard for them to express themselves, either with words or through gestures, facial expressions, and touch. People with autism might have problems with learning. Their skills might develop unevenly. For example, they could have trouble communicating but be unusually good at art, music, math, or memory. Because of this, they might do especially well on tests of analysis or problem-solving. More children are diagnosed with autism now than ever before. But the latest numbers could be higher because of changes in how it’s diagnosed, not because more children have a disorder.

Autism is known to affect every one in every 60 individuals and boys are said to have more risk of developing it than girls. It can be hard to get a definite diagnosis of autism. Your doctor will focus on behaviour and development.

A developmental screening will tell the doctor whether a child is on track with basic skills like learning, speaking, behavior, and moving. If a child shows signs of a problem on these screenings, they’ll need a more complete evaluation. This might include hearing and vision tests or genetic tests. Your doctor might want to bring in someone who specializes in autism disorders, like a developmental paediatrician or a child psychologist. Some psychologists can also give a test called the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS).parents can also find some symptoms and unusual behaviour

Common symptoms of autism include:

  • A lack of eye contact
  • A narrow range of interests or intense interest in certain topics
  • Doing something over and over, like repeating words or phrases, rocking back and forth, or flipping a lever
  • High sensitivity to sounds, touches, smells, or sights that seem ordinary to other people
  • Not looking at or listening to other people
  • Not looking at things when another person points at them
  • Not wanting to be held or cuddled
  • Problems understanding or using speech, gestures, facial expressions, or tone of voice
  • Talking in a sing-song, flat, or robotic voice
  • Trouble adapting to changes in routine

What Are the Types of Autism Spectrum Disorders?

These types were once thought to be separate conditions. Now, they fall under the range of autism spectrum disorders including:

Asperger’s syndrome. These children don’t have a problem with language; in fact, they tend to score in the average or above-average range on intelligence tests. But they have social problems and a narrow scope of interests.

Autistic disorder. This is what most people think of when they hear the word “autism.” It refers to problems with social interactions, communication, and play in children younger than 3 years.

Childhood disintegrative disorder. These children have typical development for at least 2 years and then lose some or most of their communication and social skills.

Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD or atypical autism). Your doctor might use this term if your child has some autistic behavior, like delays in social and communications skills, but doesn’t fit into another category.

What Causes Autism?

Exactly why autism happens isn’t clear. It could stem from problems in parts of your brain that interpret sensory input and process language.. It can happen in people of any race, ethnicity, or social background. Family income, lifestyle, or educational level doesn’t affect a child’s risk of autism. Autism runs in families, so certain combinations of genes may increase a child’s risk. A child with an older parent has a higher risk of autism. Pregnant women who are exposed to certain drugs or chemicals, like alcohol or anti-seizure medications, are more likely to have autistic children. Other risk factors include maternal metabolic conditions such as diabetes and obesity. Research has also linked autism to untreated phenylketonuria (also called PKU, a metabolic disorder caused by the absence of an enzyme) and rubella (German measles).There is no evidence that vaccinations cause autism.

How Is Autism Treated?

There’s no cure for autism. But early treatment can make a big difference in development for a child with autism. If you think your child shows symptoms of ASD, tell your doctor as soon as possible.What works for one person might not work for another. Your doctor should tailor treatment for you or your child. The two main types of treatments are:

Behavioral and communication therapy to help with structure and organization. Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is one of these treatments; it promotes positive behavior and discourages negative behavior. Occupational therapy can help with life skills like dressing, eating, and relating to people. Sensory integration therapy might help someone who has problems with being touched or with sights or sounds. Speech therapy improves communication skills.

Medications to help with symptoms of ASD, like attention problems, hyperactivity, or anxiety.

Complementary treatments may help boost learning and communication skills in some people with autism. Complementary therapies include music, art, or animal therapy, like horseback riding and even swimming with dolphins.

It is high time that people start to embrace autism and not ostracize such individuals but give more support and kindness. Young children must be taught about it and it’s not a topic to shy away from but accept and cherish that its ok to be different because that way you are special.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Talking about a mental disorder is like speaking about sexuality. Not that the latter is less important but the fact that both the subjects are hardly acknowledged is dangerous.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a common disorder found amongst all age groups. Especially children and young adults. Most probably, half of the population having this disorder are not even aware of its existence and effects.

What is ADHD?

It is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The name itself reveals a lot about.

In children it is often quite visible. The symptoms range from doing too much activities, not being able to be still for a time span and lacking focus. With regard to this age group, the symptoms are clearly visible and may hamper the child’s education and causes many more distress in home and school. Many children outgrow ADHD but others may be effected in their adolescence and adulthood.
In such scenarios, the teachers and the school should look after the learning impairment by introducing the child new teaching techniques, learning skills and modified curriculum

In teens the Symptoms may get worse due to the hormonal changes of adolescence and the sudden increase of academic pressure on them
Symptoms include forgetting dates of assignments, may interrupt their classmates and teachers, rush in assignments. The teens may often do a number of tasks while forgetting the primary tasks to be completed. Their lack of focus extends to peer relationships. This may lead to the teen securing bad grades in the school.

ADHD in adults is common. However, many adults are unaware about it. Anxiety and panic attacks have become so common in the generation that differentiating them from ADHD,especially in absence of knowledge about mental health, is too long a process for the face paced world. .
A comprehensive evaluation including review of their past and present symptoms, medical history and examination. Medications and psychotherapy is given to adults diagnosed with ADHD. Behaviour management strategies involving minimization of disruption and increase structure and organization and involving family members can be helpful

The Three Types Of ADHD

•ADHD, predominantly impulsive/hyperactive: The most least common type of ADHD. Symptoms include: Not being able to sit still, talking too much, always on the go as if driven by a motor, has difficulty waiting for his or her turn, Interrupts conversation

•Inattentive Type: Doesn’t pay close attention to details and makes careless mistakes in schools or workplace, does not seem to listen when spoken to (lost in some other thoughts),lacks focus, has problem organizing tasks, avoids and dislikes tasks requiring mental efforts, looses things of daily use

•ADHD Combined Type: The most common type of ADHD which is a combination of the above two types.

What Causes ADHD


ADHD is mostly hereditary.However,premature birth and the consumption of alcohol and cigarettes during pregnancy can also lead to ADHD developing in the child.

Can ADHD Be Cured?

ADHD has no permanent cure. However,it can be managed through a number of medications and therapies. In many cases medications alone is an effective treatment. However, in other cases therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy, support groups, anger management and counselling psychology are effective.

A GLANCE AT ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR DISORDER

Preface

Antisocial Behavior Disorder is a condition described by an absence of compassion for other people. Individuals with such conditions have almost no respect for good and bad. Such individuals for the most part act in a heartless way without contemplating others’ sentiments. People with this issue normally show exorbitantly forceful or vicious conduct and may even take part in crimes.

INDICATIONS OF ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR DISORDER

Indications of Antisocial Behavior Disorder might start in youth itself. The signs might incorporate mercilessness to creatures. The manifestations may likewise incorporate inability to adjust to accepted practices and no worry for other people. Such individuals regularly carry on imprudently disregarding the results of their conduct. Moreover, they get strongly forceful and can even get into actual attacks.

These indications regularly lead to numerous challenges in their lives. The issue can be damaging to both the individual experiencing it and individuals around them. Such individuals are bound to take part in perilous exercises and surprisingly criminal demonstrations.

HOW TO DIAGNOSE THE DISORDER?

Manifestations of solitary conduct issue regularly start during adolescence in brutal displeasure explodes, mercilessness towards creatures, and harassing. Albeit the condition might begin in adolescence, it can’t be formally analyzed before the age of 18. An individual is determined to have Antisocial Behavior Disorder on the off chance that he shows a dismissal and infringement of the privileges of others. This negligence is portrayed by various indications like dismissal for the security of others, not submitting to laws, showing incautious conduct, having serious touchiness and animosity, no regret for underhanded activities, continually lying or controlling for entertainment, customary example of unreliability.

WHAT CAUSES ANTISOCIAL Behavior DISORDER?

There are no accurate reasons for Antisocial Behavior Disorder. Character is affected by numerous things, including the climate where one lives, and the childhood one gets.

The Effect of Genetics

Introverted Behavior Disorder is more normal among the primary degree natural family members of those experiencing the problem. Bits of Research likewise propose that Antisocial Behavior Disorder is emphatically connected to legacy. Moreover, ecological impacts intensify its promotion.

The childhood of the individual

Childhood importantly affects a youngster’s life. Youth misuse, disregard, and injury can incite Antisocial Behavior Disorder. At the point when guardians are harmful and useless, kids might learn such practices and later show something similar with their own children. Also, covers who experience childhood in careless homes and damaging conditions regularly do not have the chances to foster discipline, restraint, and compassion.

Contrasts in Brain

Many components increment the danger of getting the problem, including smoking during pregnancy and unusual mind work. Bits of Research propose that individuals with Antisocial Behavior Disorder have contrasts in the front facing flap. The front facing projection is the district of the mind that assumes a crucial part in arranging and judgment.

HOW DO WE TREAT THE CONDITION?

Individuals experiencing Antisocial Behavior Disorder frequently come into contact with the criminal equity framework. A few sorts of exploration recommend that reformatory measures are totally ineffectual. This is on the grounds that individuals experiencing this condition are normally inert to discipline.

Psychotherapy

Intellectual Behavioral Therapy (CBT) assists treat with peopling experiencing Antisocial Behavior Disorder. It permits people to acquire an understanding into their practices. Reasonable outcomes are by and large seen solely after long haul treatment. Gathering and family treatment went with mentalization-based treatments can assist with treating this condition. This treatment focuses to perceive and comprehend the perspective of oneself as well as other people.

Ordinary Medication

Medicine might be utilized successfully to treat a portion of the indications that an individual experiencing Antisocial Behavior Disorder might insight. A portion of the prescriptions that might be utilized incorporate enemy of uneasiness meds, antidepressants, or antipsychotics.

Adapting to it

Standoffish conduct issue essentially affects an individual’s capacity to work. This regularly makes it hard to adapt up to various parts of life. The condition can bring about injury or passing because of criminal activities or self-hurt in extreme cases. It antagonistically influences a person’s capacity to work and keep up with connections. The individual experiencing the problem can likewise make hurt companions, relatives, or collaborators.

Typically, individuals with Antisocial Behavior Disorder don’t look for help all alone. For the most part, intercession happens simply because of legitimate issues. Various explores recommend that more powerful friendly help, better spousal ties, and sound family relations can help the individual experiencing the issue.

TOWARDS THE END

Reserved Behavior Disorder isn’t an infection, so we ought not deal with it like that. There is an answer for each issue. Also, this issue can be treated with friendship, care, and persistence. More than the individual really experiencing it, the treatment requires more critical endeavors from individuals around him.

Trials of a more precise and comfortable MRI to identify early breast cancer begins in the United Kingdom.

A new, more convenient method of detecting breast cancer has begun testing in the United Kingdom, with the potential to identify tumors at an earlier stage.

At some time in their life, one in every eight British women will be diagnosed with breast cancer. Because malignancies and fibrous tissue both show up as solid white regions on X-ray, mammograms are less effective in younger women whose breasts contain denser, fibrous tissue and less fat because cancers and fibrous tissue both appear as solid white areas on X-ray.

Mammograms may miss malignancies in postmenopausal women with thick breast tissue, who are also more likely to acquire breast cancer in the first place.

Women with a dubious lump may be given an ultrasound scan or a biopsy, and if the diagnosis is still unclear, they may be directed for DCE-MRI, which detects the development of new blood vessels supporting tumors. However, in women with early-stage malignancies, they may not be visible, leading to false comfort.

Multiparametric MRI was first created to evaluate liver disorders without the need for a painful biopsy, and it is now widely utilized in Europe and the United States.

It works similarly to traditional MRI in that it utilizes high magnetic fields and radio waves to excite protons in the tissue, then exploits variations in the time it takes for them to settle to generate a “map” of the various tissues in the breast. Multiparametric MRI, on the other hand, allows an even more comprehensive map to be generated by merging pictures created by multiple MR pulses and sequences.

A scan of healthy breasts with multiparametric MRI. Photograph courtesy of Perspectum Diagnostics

“We believe that if we differentiate the tissue rather than looking at the blood vessels around the tumor, we should be able to spot not only tumors in dense breasts but potentially tumors that aren’t seen on mammograms,” said Prof Sally Collins, a consultant obstetrician and medical lead for women’s health at Oxford-based Perspectum Diagnostics, who herself recently received treatment for breast cancer.

“We’re also working to improve the scanning experience for patients. “Mammograms are awful because they squish your breast on this plate, which is undignified and unpleasant, and MRIs are much worse because you have to lie face down with your boobs dangling in this coil and your arms raised over your head for ages,” Collins added.

“We’re attempting to make it such that women may be fully dressed, respectable, and comfortable while being scanned, which is critical for the patient journey to cancer diagnosis.”

The prospectus has received ethical clearance to enroll 1,030 women in the study, including 10 women who have been diagnosed with breast cancer and 30 to 40 healthy women who are presently being scanned, to see if the technology can properly map their breast tissue while laying on their backs. It is estimated that the study would take two years to complete.

“It will never replace regular mammography screening for postmenopausal women, but we think it will enhance the diagnosis route for women with thick breasts or premenopausal women who are at extremely high risk of breast cancer, eliminating the need for repeated tests,” Collins said.