Student attendance on the rise in KVs across the Country

Kendriya Vidyalayas across the Country have resumed face-to-face teachings for various classes as per the guidelines issued by the MHA and State Governments. KVs started opening from the month of October in a phased manner.

According to the data compiled on February 11, 2021 from all the KVs, an average of 42% Students of Class 9, 65% Students of Class 10, 48% Students of Class 11 and 67% Students of Class 12 are physically attending classes all over the Country. These figures are dynamic and trends indicate consistent increase every day. Face-to-face classes for class 1 to 8 have also been started in some KVs where State Governments have permitted to open Schools for junior grades.

Regular contact with the Parents and Guardians is being established by the Schools in case of any apprehension from students/parents. Students are being permitted with the prior consent of their guardians.

The SOPs issued by the State and Central Governments are being followed completely in view of the Corona Pandemic. All KVs are clearly advised to follow staggered timings for the students of various classes and ensure adequate safety measures including maintenance of proper physical distance in the classrooms.

However, for students who are not attending the School, the provision of online classes is also running. Students are also in touch with their teachers through various digital platforms.

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ASEAN-India Hackathon is well aligned with the vision of APASTI 2016-2025

Union Education Minister Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’ and Union Minister of External Affairs Shri Subrahmanyam Jaishankar attended the award ceremony of ASEAN- India Hackathon 2021 along with Ministers and dignitaries from ASEAN countries. The Hackathon concluded with more than 300 students, mentors, and officials participating from 10 ASEAN countries and India.

Addressing the participants of Hackathon, Union Education Minister said, “I would like to first congratulate all, for successfully completing the first ASEAN-India Hackathon. I am very thankful to all ASEAN countries for participating in this first-of-its-kind initiative. For the last 3 days, all 54 teams have worked really very hard on 11 problem statements and I was informed by juries and mentors that they are very happy with the quality of work done by participants during this Hackathon. The ASEAN – India Hackathon is well aligned with the vision of ASEAN – plan of action on science, technology and innovation (APASTI) 2016-2025”.

Shri Pokhriyal applauded the focus of the Budget on innovation and entrepreneurship and stressed on boosting the research ecosystem through the Prime Minister Research Fellowship, SPARC, STRIDE, IMPRINT and other research schemes.

Shri Pokhriyal said under the leadership of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, the bond between India and ASEAN countries in the field of education, science and technology has strengthened. One of the main objectives of this hackathon has been to encourage working for sustainable development while creating employment to make our nations Atma Nirbhar. Today India and ASEAN countries have become perfect examples of energy, synergy and international collaboration for other countries to emulate. If the human resources and natural resources of India and ASEAN countries are properly utilized, then a new dimension will open for the betterment of humanity and the world, he added.

The Minister of External Affairs Shri Subrahmanyam Jaishankar stated that “ASEAN India Hackathon offers a unique platform for our youngsters to put their minds and energies together. It is an excellent means to inculcate cooperative spirit among the participants and also exposes them to diverse viewpoints, cultures and work ethics. cutting across national boundaries.”

Prof. Anil Sahasrabudhe, Chairman AICTE said, “It is a moment of pride for us to successfully conclude the first-ever edition of ASEAN-India Hackathon. In the last four days, we have seen how students developed solutions to address the challenges in the ‘Blue economy’ and the education sector. Students meticulously designed innovative solutions in the field of Blue Economy with the help of Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning, AIS Data and Real-Time Data monitoring.”

The program concluded with the announcement of Prizes for the winning teams, runner ups and encouragement awards for other participating teams.

The following dignitaries from ASEAN countries also attended the award ceremony of ASEAN- India Hackathon.

⮚ H.E Yang Berhormat Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Hamzah bin Haji Sulaiman, Minister of Education, Brunei.

⮚ H.E. Mr. CHEA Vandeth, Minister of Post and Telecommunications, Cambodia.

⮚ Her Excellency, Datuk Seri Dr. Noraini Ahmad, Minister of Higher Education, Malaysia.

⮚ H.E. Mr. Lawrence Wong, Minister of Education, Singapore.

⮚ H.E. Dr. Anek Laothamatas, Minister, Ministry Higher Education, Science, Research, and Innovation, Thailand.

⮚ H.E. Prof. Ir. Nizam, Director General of Higher Education of Ministry of Education and Culture, Indonesia.

⮚ H.E. Dr. Phout SIMMALAVONG, Deputy Minister, Ministry of Education and Sports, Lao PDR

⮚ H.E. Mr. Nguyen Van Phuc, Deputy Minister, Ministry of Education and Training, Vietnam.

⮚ H.E. Gregorio B. Honasan II, Secretary, Department of Information and Communication Technology, Philippines.

“I congratulate the government of India for organizing an event that gave youngsters a platform to come together and to showcase their talent in these hard times” said Her Excellency, Datuk Seri Dr. Noraini Ahmad from Minister of Higher Education, Malaysia.

His Excellency Yang Berhormat Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Hamzah bin Haji Sulaiman, Minister of Education from Brunei expressed in his address that “India and ASEAN countries have established a longstanding partnership in many areas including Human Resource Development, Person to Person contact and Education”

“Today’s world faces problems that are on a different level altogether. Facing these problems requires equally novel technological solutions. We are living through a time of rapid change. With the increasing complexity of global relations and ever-changing global economy, we need new approaches to solve our problems.” Said H.E. Gregorio B. Honasan II, Secretary, Department of Information and Communication Technology (Minister rank), Philippines.

The Minister of Education from Singapore H.E. Mr. Lawrence Wong expressed that “At some point, this pandemic will be over. But the problems we face do not end there. Climate change remains a matter of concern for the world and especially for the ASEAN countries. We need to come together in the same spirit, as we did to fight against Covid 19”

The participating students from ASEAN and India were very happy with the opportunity provided by Indian Ministry of Education.

Syahshiyah Rohidah, a student participant from Indonesia said that “It was really an adventurous ride since past few days, I am getting to know new people and collaborating with them. His team proposed a solution on “Quantification of Marine Litter using Image Processing”

SEUN Siuphinga student from Cambodia said that “This hackathon has been a first of its kind experience for her”

Đinh Thanh Hiền, a student participant from Vietnam “I enjoyed this hackathon process and looking forward for more chances to participate in such international events”.

Clarisse Johanna Solis, a student participant from Philippines “The process was rigorous time consuming but interesting, It was truly a great and worthwhile experience” She expressed that wish to visit India when borders resume.

The ASEAN-India Hackathon-2021 aims at enhancing the cooperation between India and ASEAN countries in science, tech and education. All the ASEAN countries participated in this unique initiative of providing innovative solutions to overcome the challenges under two broad themes of Blue Economy and Education. Student teams from all the 10 ASEAN countries as well as India participated in this ASEAN-INDIA Hackathon. These teams comprised of 330 students and 90 mentors. The students were divided in 54 cross-country teams, where each team consists of six students and two mentors. These diverse teams competed on developing the best solution for 11 problem statements provided by various reputed organisations and government bodies.

The Ministry of Education’s Innovation Cell and the All India Council for Technical Education in collaboration with the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) and ASEAN countries organized the first ASEAN-India Hackathon. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, the Hackathon was conducted online using a digital platform, indigenously developed by the Ministry of Education’s Innovation Cell.

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Recognition of children with intellectual disabilities

Department of School Education and Literacy (DoSE&L) runs SamagraShiksha Scheme from Class I to XII. It has a component called Inclusive Education (IE) for Children with Special Needs(CWSN). Under this Component, children with special needs are mainstreamed in regular schools in an inclusive manner. The CWSN being addressed under IE component covers all 21 categories of disabilities prescribed under RPwD Act-2016 which includes intellectual disability, Down syndrome and developmental delay. Under IE component, the support for CWSN is provided at two levels:

Activities under Student Oriented Component (SoC)
Resource Support (Special Educators)

Under Student Oriented Component, all States and UTs are provided financial assistance to Government and Government aided schools for various categories which includes development of teaching aids, teaching learning materials(TLMs), aids and appliances, Braille stationery materials, identification and assessment camps, assistive devices, aids and equipments, corrective surgeries, environment building programme, transportation, escorts, scribers, sports events and exposure visits etc.

In order to ensure quality of education of CWSN, qualified and trained special educators are provided who work in an iterant mode and provide services in all the schools alongwith the general teachers to address the diverse and specific need of Children with Special Needs(CWSN). These provisions have also been included in the National Education policy 2020.

Education of children with disabilities

The Department of School Education & Literacy supports inclusive education of children with disabilities. Under the Centrally sponsored scheme of Samagra Shiksha, various provisions for educational needs of children with disabilities have been made including, barrier free infrastructure through ramps with handrails and disabled friendly toilets in schools.

As per UDISE+ 2018-19 (prov.), there are 8,33,703ramps with handrails and 1,49,501 disabled friendly toilets for children with disabilities in government and government aided schools for classes I to XII.

The National Education Policy (NEP), 2020advocates full equity and inclusion as the cornerstone of education to ensure that all students are able to thrive in the education system. It also underscores within its framework, education of children with disabilities in order to ensure equitable quality schooling.

The policy specifies recommendations for quality home based education for children with severe or multiple disabilities through the support of resource centres and special educators. The NEP further specifies that,children under home-based education must betreated as equal to any other child in the general system.After the approval and announcement of NEP 2020, the States and UTs have been asked to prepare implementation plan based on the recommendations of the policy, including recommendations and provisions for access to school education for children with severe & multiple disabilities, in line with the RPwD Act, 2016.

Steps taken to provide online education amidst COVID-19 pandemic

The Government has taken various steps to provide online education amidst COVID-19 pandemic. These include PRAGYATA Guidelines on Digital Education, Internet access under BHARAT NET scheme, etc

PRAGYATA Guidelines on Digital Education:Keeping in view the availability of digital infrastructure, guideline briefs on various modes of digital education including online mode that depends more on availability of internet, partially online mode that utilizes the blended approach of digital technology and other offline activities, partial and offline mode that utilizes television and radio as a major medium of instruction of education. The guidelines can be accessed at:

https://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/pragyata-guidelines_0.pdf

Internet access under BHARAT NET scheme has been made available to Govt institutions and to improve the internet connectivity in rural areas the CSC e-Governance Services India Ltd (CSC-SPV) of MEITY has been assigned the task of providing Fibre to the Home (FTTH) connectivity to the Government Institutions, including schools. This project is for providing Internet connection to Government schools in respective Gram Panchayats.

The states & UTs have been advised to Map the students school wise with their individual performance. Accordingly, the state governments have been directed to act based on the situation prevailing at every place to meet the demands of all students for providing them with the digital access required for learning digitally.

In order to enable online education benefit to the children of every categoryandteachers,Learning Enhancement Guidelines have been issued.

https://www.mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_filehs/mhrd/files/Learning_Enhancement_0.pdf

Major boost to education sector

Union Education Minister Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’ lauded the Union Budget 2021-22 and expressed his gratitude to Finance Minister Smt Nirmala Sitharaman for giving a major boost to education.

ShriPokhriyal highlighted that the Budget allocation for the National Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS), has been substantially increased from Rs. 175 Cr to Rs. 500 Cr in next FY 2021-22 for providing post-education apprenticeship, training of graduates and diploma holders in Engineering.He also said that an outlay of Rs. 50,000 Cr over next 5 years for National Research Foundation (NRF) will give a major boost to Innovation and R&D.

The Minister said in a big boost to education sector allocation of KVS has increased by Rs 362.32 crore and allocation of NVS increased to Rs. 320 crore w.r.t. RE 2020-21. The budget allocation of NCERT increased to Rs.110.08 crore from RE 2020-21.

Highlights of Budget 2021-22 –Department of Higher Education

1. In this FY 2020-21, the BE was Rs. 39466.52 Cr, which has been rationalised to Rs. 32900 Cr, due to Covid-19. BE for the next year 2021-22 has been kept at Rs. 38350.65 Cr, which is more than 5450.65 Cr more than the current year RE.

2. Out of the Total BE of Rs. 38350.65 Cr, Provisions for Establishment, Autonomous Bodies(ABs), and Schemes are as below:

(i)Establishment: Rs. 247.44 Cr

(ii)Autonomous Bodies(ABs): 29023.78 Cr

(iii) Schemes Total: Rs. 9069.43 Cr

(a)Centrally Sponsored Schemes: Rs. 3000 Cr [RUSA]

(b)Central Sector Schemes: Rs. 6069.43 Cr

3. In our flagship scheme RashtriyaUchchatarShikshaAbhiyan (RUSA), a budget provision of Rs. 3000 Cr has been kept for the next FY 2021-22, in comparison to Rs. 300 Cr in current year.

4. Budget allocation for the National Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS), has been substantially increased from Rs. 175 Cr to Rs. 500 Cr in next FY 2021-22 for providing post-education apprenticeship, training of graduates and diploma holders in Engineering.

5. Some New Initiatives like- Opening of BhartiyaBhasa University & Institute of Translation, Indian Knowledge System, Academic Bank of Credit, PM e-Vidya, Multidisciplinary Education and Research Improvement in Technical Education (MERITE) shall be implemented in line with the NEP recommendations, after approval of the competent authority. At present a Token Provision has been kept in the BE of FY 2021-22 for all the above initiatives.

Budget Announcements:

1. Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) -an Umbrella Body, which will have 4 verticals- Accreditation, Standard Setting, Regulation, and Funding. Legislation for HECI will be introduced this year.

2. In 9 cities where there are number of institutions supported by the GoI (like- Hyderabad etc.) we will create a formal umbrella structure– for better synergy, while retaining their internal autonomy.

3. A new Central University(CU) will be set up in Leh.

4. We will realign the existing scheme of National Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS) for providing post-education apprenticeship, training of graduates and diploma holders in Engineering. Over Rs. 3,000 crores will be provided for this in next 5 years.

5. For promotion of Innovation and R&D, an outlay of Rs. 50,000 Cr over next 5 years has been kept for National Research Foundation (NRF). Its major beneficiaries will be Higher Education Institutions including CFTIs like- IITs/IISc/IISERs/NITs etc.

Highlights of Budget 2021-22 – Department of School Education & Literacy

1. Budget allocation for BE 2020-21 was Rs 59845 crore which was rationalized to Rs 52189.07 crore in RE 2020-21 post covid-19 situation. This has now increased to Rs 54873 crore in BE2021-22.

2. There has been an overall increase of Rs. 2684.59 crore (5.14%) in Budget allocation of Department of School Education & Literacy in BE 2021-22 from RE 2020-21.

3. The overall Budget allocation in BE 2021-22 is Rs. 54873.66 crore out of which scheme allocation is 43648.66 crore and non-scheme allocation is Rs. 11225.00 crore. The scheme allocation has been increased by Rs 1895.08 crore and non-scheme allocation by Rs. 789.51 crore as compared to RE 2020-21.

4. Budget allocation in the Flagship scheme of SamagraShikhsa has been increased to Rs. 31050.16 crore in BE 2021-22 from Rs. 27957.32 crore in RE 2020-21 by Rs. 3092.84 crore i.e. increased by 11.06% in comparison to RE 2020-21).

5. The budget allocation in PadhnaLikhnaAbhiyan (PLA) is also increased from Rs. 95.25 crore (RE 2020-21) to Rs. 250 crore in BE 2021-22 (an increase of Rs. 154.75 crore) i.e. by 162.47%.

6. Rs. 485 crore is also provisioned in the new created Centrally Sponsored Scheme of STARS.

7. Allocation of KVS is increased by Rs 362.32 crore and allocation of NVS increased to Rs. 320 crore w.r.t. RE 2020-21. Budget allocation of NCERT was also increase to Rs. 110.08 crore from RE 2020-21.

Initiatives on Education as part of NEP

· Standards will be developed for all school teachers in the form of National Professional Standards for Teachers- NPST. This will enhance the capabilities of teachers and will be followed by all 92 lakh teachers of public and private school system in the country.

· Toys are both an expression of entertainment and learning. A unique indigenous toy-based learning – pedagogy for all levels of school education will be developed. This will transform classroom transactions from mundane and rote learning to an engaging and joyful experience.

· A National Digital Educational Architecture (NDEAR) will be set up within the context of a Digital First Mindset where the Digital Architecture will not only support teaching and learning activities but also educational planning, governance and administrative activities of the Centre and the States/ Union Territories. It will provide a diverse education eco-system architecture for development of digital infrastructure, a federated but inter operable system that will ensure autonomy of all stakeholders, specially States and UTs.

· For children with hearing impairments, the Government will work on standardization of Indian Sign language across the country, and develop National and State Curriculum materials for use by them.

· There are a number of senior and retired teachers. They will be used for individual mentoring of school teachers and educators through constant online/offline support on subjects, themes and pedagogy.

· Students have so far been evaluated on uni-dimensional parameters. There will be a complete shift from using assessments to not only judge the cognitive levels of the learner but also using it as an opportunity to identify the unique strengths and the potential of the child. To this effect, a holistic progress card is envisaged to provide students with valuable information on their strengths, areas of interest, needed areas of focus and thereby helping them in making optimal career choices.

· To enable increased access of resources, online modules covering the entire gamut of adult education will be introduced.

· During the year, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, we have trained more than 30 lakh elementary school teachers digitally, covering the whole gamut of education. Taking this further, in 2021-22, we will enable the training of 56 lakh school teachers through the National Initiative for School Heads and Teachers for Holistic Advancement (NISTHA).

· For the past few years our Prime Minister has been engaging with students every year before their Board Exams to help them overcome anxiety and stress. In this direction, we will introduce CBSE Board Exam reforms in a phased manner to be effective from the 2022-23 academic session. Exams will move away from rote-learning and students shall be tested on their conceptual clarity, analytical skills and application of knowledge to real life situations.

· To promote enhanced academic collaboration with foreign higher educational institutions, it is proposed to put in place a regulatory mechanism to permit dual degrees, joint degrees, twinning arrangements and other such mechanisms.

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आज़ादी के खातिर – त्रिलोक कुमार

खून खौल जाता है
जब देश का कोई अपमान करे,

खून खौल जाता है
जब वीरो का कोई न सम्मान करे,

बहुतो ने आज़ादी के खातिर
अपना लघु बहाया है

कितनो ने फासी को चूमा
कितनो ने गोली खाया है,

तब जाके हमने ये चैन के निंद पाया है
हम कदर करे उन वीरो का
हम सम्मान करे उन वीरो का
जिन्होंने सर्वस्य गवा के हमे ये समान दिलाया है,

तब जाके हैं कही अपना गर्व से सिर उठाया है
हमे अलख जागआना है

राष्ट्र प्रेम दिखलाना है
उन महान वीरो का बलिदान न व्यर्थ हो
दुश्मन चाहे कोई हो अपने प्रहार न पस्त हो,

भारत मा के वीर सिपाही हम करते आपका सम्मान
आपने बढ़ाया है हम सबका मान

कुछ सपने देखे थे वीरो ने
ऐयसे राष्ट्र बनाना है

कोई न हो दुश्मन सबको अपनआ बतलाना है
कुछ भ्रस्ट लोगो ने मिलके सपने को अपमान किया
हम लोगो ने भी मिलके उनको है नकार दिया।।।

खून खौल जाता है
जब देश का कोई अपमान करे,

खून खौल जाता है
जब वीरो का कोई अपमान करे

कवि – श्री त्रिलोक कुमार

use artificial intelligence for education transformation

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has recommended introducing contemporary subjects like Artificial Intelligence in curriculum, at relevant stages. The National Council of Educational Research & Training (NCERT) has initiated the process for preparation of a new National Curriculum Framework for School Education in pursuance of the NEP, 2020 during which the possibility of introducing an introductory course on Artificial Intelligence (AI) at secondary level would also be explored. Meanwhile, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has introduced Artificial Intelligence as a subject in class IX from session 2019-2020 and in Class-XI from session 2020-2021 in their affiliated schools.

Artificial Intelligence has already been applied to education primarily in some tools that help develop skills and testing systems. Artificial Intelligence can drive efficiency, personalization and streamline administrative tasks to allow teachers the time and freedom to provide understanding and adaptability. By leveraging the best attributes of machines and teachers, the vision for Artificial Intelligence is one where they work together for the best outcome for students.

All AICTE approved institutions have been suggested to offer Artificial Intelligence as an elective in B.Tech. courses and also start B.Tech course in Artificial Intelligence and Data Science to augment the human resource in Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics. So far as the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are concerned, their Acts and Statutes allow them to have their own curriculum, academic & research collaboration with Institutions and Universities across the world. Most of the IITs offer various Artificial Intelligence related courses such as Deep Learning Foundations & Applications, Foundation of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Reinforcement Learning, Probabilistic Reasoning in Artificial Intelligence, Predictive & Prescriptive Data Analytics, Deep Learning, System Identification, Cyber Physical Security, Digital Image Processing, etc. Besides, IITs also organize short term programmes,inter-alia, on Artificial Intelligence for the working professional and interested students.

If I Ran The World

Now go to Daisy at Home to get the If Kids Ran the World themed menu. We invite you to share your dinner photos with us any time of the month on our Family Dinner Book Club Facebook page. If Kids Ruled the World Leo and Diane Dillon is a story about kids helping make our world a better place. .If it’s so inspiring that kids rule the world, read it aloud and it will impact your student community.

This book is a true celebration of childhood, play and imagination. This is the pinnacle of Dr. Seuss, celebrating the young imagination and creating a fantasy world that will delight and captivate readers of all ages. Description Leo and Diane Dillon, two-time Caldecott Medalists, show children how to create a more generous and peaceful world through play where everyone can share with each other. Two-time Caldecott Medalists Leo and Diane Dillon show how children can use play to create a more generous and peaceful world for all.

Diane Dillon lives in Brooklyn, New York. Leo and Diane Dillon are two of the most famous illustrators of our time. Leo and Diane created award-winning picture books, book covers, magazines and other works of art until Leo’s death in 2012. This is their last collaboration. Their long list of awards includes two Caldecott Medals, a NAACP Image Award, five Coretta Scott King Awards and Honors, four Boston Globe-Horn Book Awards, and induction into the Society of Illustrators Hall of Fame. They also won Coretta Scott King awards in 2003 for Rap a Tap Tap Heres Bojangles – Think of That and in 2005 for Virginia Hamilton’s People Could Fly – Picture Book.

The Dillons’ contributions to art and illustration, and their lifelong dedication to the diversity of children’s books, makes it uncomfortable to criticize If Kids Ruled the World. Criticism is further tempered by the fact that the book was the last edition the couple created together: Leo died before the book was finished.

Particularly helpful is the emphasis on sharing all the good things that come alive in the world the child has created. The story presents idealistic opportunities for global camaraderie and justice for all people – if only children ruled the world. In the colorful tree house, the children’s rainbow identifies the most important needs in our complex world, while the following branches feature boys and girls who happily help others.

If kids rule the world, even adults are better off. I like that the author points out that if children rule the world, then there will be more kindness and harmony. They say that if children rule the world, young people will make sure everyone has enough to eat and everyone can wear whatever they want without being ridiculed.

The book enlightens the reader about what would happen if children were in charge of the world. This book has so little to do with the world in which real children live, and it seems that this is a gesture, not a call to action. Leo Dillon’s latest book with Diane Dillon imagines what the world would be like if kids were in charge.

The Dillons, in their latest collaboration (Leo died in 2012), are turning the creation of this ideal world into a game; no holiness, no sense of tiresome duty. Perhaps Dillon’s intent was to show diversity, but a scene like this suggests that the past is irrelevant to the present.

They do not think about the poor and do not think about the proper development of the nation and the world as a whole, which shows how self-centered and selfish the rulers of the world are. In the current world scenario, every person who wants to be the president or prime minister of a country has only one goal – to rule the country or the world for the sake of money and power. The world cannot depend only on the rich; the poor also play a very important role in the whole environment.

I would just like to be a guiding light for the world and not impose thoughts on people that are not suitable for me as a ruler or even the people of the world as citizens. Seriously, if I really ruled this world, I would make sure that every person is happy in everything they do, and also respect each other or even the life of the other. That when you leave, you will be a better person than when you started.

It makes us doubt everything and in some cases robs us of the will to live. Our idea of what looks good in the context of work no longer matches.

This means that in a world where we work more independently of others, there will be less feedback. Many agencies will move to campus or shared workspaces instead of a store front. Sarah and I take turns showing the children table decoration crafts.

On the 15th of each month, we share the title of the featured book. Satisfy your voracious literary appetite with a lifetime supply of free books in all formats and genres, as well as books, videos, and audiobooks that don’t wait. Pair it with ever-expanding shelf space so you never have room for your collection.

All people, regardless of gender or socioeconomic status, have the opportunity to learn to read and write. At birth, new mothers will be encouraged to attend parenting courses to learn how to care for their baby, including feeding and accompanying the baby through the various stages of his or her young life. If the child is out of wedlock, the mother will receive additional advice on how to cope emotionally and financially if she does not have family support.

Organize a conversation for the company’s senior management (both men and women) so that you can also share it with your boss, team, or HR. Women leaders can create ROI in their organizations, industries and the world right now. And putting the world in the hands of women would be too simplistic.

If you have a solid idea of how to make a difference and are brave enough to lead the way, then I believe the world needs you right now. Because I’m willing to bet that your ideas, talents and drive can make the world a better place, and I love being a woman who supports you.

But I can’t do all this work alone, so I’m going to select a few key senators, representatives, and governors to serve as my advisory committee. But I suspect that after experiencing all the upgrades and upgrades to our core services, I will garner the most votes.

Finally, to say that I would do all this if I had to manage this world is easier than to actually implement them. I also understand that you may be the type of woman who wants to better understand what they’re getting into before jumping into a conversation. do not worry.

Impact Of Increasing Oil Prices On Indian Economy

The latter will come true as more than half of India’s remittances will go through the Gulf countries, which are likely to see better economic conditions with higher oil prices. In terms of numbers, a $10-a-barrel rise in crude oil prices would increase spending on commodity imports by about $20 billion, offset in part by a $6-billion increase in oil exports and dollars in workers’ remittances. The cost of imports will be halved if the price of crude oil continues to hover around $30 a barrel. In addition, every $10 increase in crude oil prices has a direct impact on a country’s current account (CAD) deficit.

Thus, when crude oil reaches $85 per barrel, the oil deficit will rise to $106.4 billion, or 3.61% of India’s GDP. According to a report by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), every $10/barrel rise in crude oil prices would lead to an additional deficit of $12.5 billion, equivalent to 43 basis points of India’s GDP. According to an analysis by the Reserve Bank of India, every $10-a-barrel rise in crude oil prices would result in an additional $12.5 billion deficit. Higher prices affect the current account deficit, which means that the value of imported goods and services exceeds the value of exports.

Changes in commodity prices can affect the economic ecosystem at all levels, from family budgets to corporate income and national GDP. Rising oil prices have a negative impact on several factors such as the stock market, currency, inflation, transportation and manufacturing sectors, and government spending. Rising oil prices will drive up the cost of energy, which, combined with the oncoming winter and increased commercial activity as the pandemic eases, will have a major impact on the economies of most countries of the world. India, which relies on imports for more than 80% of its fuel consumption and already has fuel prices above Rs 100 for both petrol and diesel in most cities, will be no exception.

Rising crude oil prices have helped lift the price of gasoline and diesel in India to record highs. High crude oil prices are the result of less drilling by shale gas producers in the United States, disruptions to crude oil supplies due to hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and runaway fuel demand as the global economy stabilizes. -19 pandemic, which significantly reduced economic activity. With the global economic recovery following COVID-19, global demand for crude oil increased in 2021, driving prices up sharply. Crude oil prices have risen steadily since early 2021, when Brent crude traded at around $52 a barrel, fueled both by hopes of improved demand thanks to regional economic recovery and reduced supply from major oil producing countries.

Crude oil prices hit a two-year high, with Brent oil rising above $71 a barrel on Wednesday, reaching its highest level since May 2019, when major oil-producing countries announced they were joining plans to gradually increase crude oil production. World crude oil prices rose to their highest level in 13 months, driven by strong demand prospects amid a global economic recovery and supply disruptions in the Middle East. In February and March 2020, crude oil prices accelerated their decline in response to the coronavirus pandemic and the expected sharp decline in oil demand. The fall in prices is associated with an increase in supply due to hydraulic fracturing.

This was followed by price increases again since 2004, and this upward trend in the cost of oil continues to this day. In addition, since 1996 there have been high fluctuations in oil prices. If we look at the evolution of crude oil prices since the 1950s (see attached chart), price spikes have mostly been accompanied by geopolitical tensions or other factors. leading to a supply shortage.

Due to the pandemic, these oil-producing countries continue to slowly increase production, which leads to higher oil and gas prices. According to the IEA, oil production in non-OPEC Plus countries will increase by 710,000 bpd in 2021. 5.4 million bpd in 2021 and another 3.1 million bpd in 2022.

Since none of the largest oil-producing countries in the world is likely to increase oil supplies, experts predict that by 2019 the price could even reach $100 per barrel. Despite a 430% jump in Brent oil prices since March 2020, oil seems cheap. long term vision. Goldman Sachs expects Brent oil prices to exceed $80 on average in the third quarter of this calendar year, with peaks above that price; JP Morgan expects crude oil to top $80 in the last quarter of 2021, and Bank of America expects Brent oil prices to hit $100 by next summer.

Any rise in global crude oil prices directly affects India as the country imports over 80% of its oil. India paid over $110 billion for oil imports in 2017. Thus, if oil prices double within a year, a country’s import spending will also double over the same period.

Since India imports most of its fuel, it needs more dollars to buy crude oil, which results in liquidity being squeezed. This is bad news for India, which depends on imports for 85% of its crude oil needs and is the third largest importer of fossil fuels in the world.

Given India’s dependence on oil imports and the current pressure on the country, New Delhi is pushing OPEC to increase oil production to contain prices. Analysts say a rise in production by major oil producers is probably India’s biggest hope for a short-term solution, as some economists warn of the risk that crude oil prices could approach $100 a barrel by the end of this year. At the same time, oil-producing countries will be careful enough to maintain a balance in production so that prices do not collapse.

There will also be a significant impact on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the CPI inflation rate could be 5% in FY23 due to higher oil prices. The report predicts that rising oil prices could also lead to WPI-based inflation rates of 12% and 6% in FY22 and FY23 respectively. % of crude oil will lead to an increase in India’s Wholesale Price Index (WPI). by almost 0.9%.

An increase in oil prices by 15-25% within one year will affect the Indian economy in different ways. As a general rule, a $10 per barrel increase in crude oil prices would have a negative impact on the current account deficit of $10-11 billion (or 0.4% of GDP). Therefore, rising crude oil prices could increase India’s spending, thereby negatively impacting India’s budget deficit, the difference between total government revenue and total spending.

Shashi Tharoor and his ideology on British rule in India

An author, politician and former International civil servant, Shashi Tharoor, once said – ” India matters to me and i would like to matter to India.”
He is currently a third-term Lok Sabha MP representing the Thiruvananthapuram constituency. People mostly regard him as “Oxford dictionary”, because of his impeccable knowledge of English Literature. Shashi Tharoor, in his book named An Era of Darkness: The British empire in India that was published in the year 2016 talked about colonization and the
disastrous effects it had on Indians. In his book, he explained about the evils of British rule and how it affected us Indians, deeply explaining how we were being trampled upon by the Britishers and treated as animals without any freedom. Tharoor wrote in details how the Britishers looted India off of it’s rich resources, culture and wealth. In one of the most famous lines from the book, he writes:

“They (the British) basked in the Indian sun and yearned for their cold and fog-ridden homeland; they sent the money they had taken off the perspiring brow of the Indian worker to England; and whatever little they did for India, they ensured India paid for it in excess. And at the end of it all, they went home to enjoy their retirements in damp little cottages with Indian names, their alien rest cushioned by generous pensions supplied by Indian taxpayers.” Tharoor has remarked that every single thing or development that occured in British India such as establisment of Railways, parliamentary democracy, rule of law and others were simply done for their own benefits and luxury and not for Indians or for India’s progress and betterment. Tharoor explains that though some British legacies proves to be useful today, however they were just mere side effects that came along with colonial authoritarianism.
Tharoor genuinely believes that after 200 years of immense brutality and injustice to Indians, Britain owes an apology to India and Indians. Some of the most outrageous events in history of India took place under British reign. For instance, according to recent studies, the Bengal Famine of 1943 that costed millions of lives was caused not only by drought but also by the complete failure of the policy of British India under the Ministry of Winston Churchill, who is remembered as the man who caused the Bengal famine. Furthermore, the horrendous Jallianwala Bagh massacre was a heinous crime committed under British Raj. Today, Indian society is divided along lines of caste, creed, religion and culture but it is little known fact that the Colonial Government ignited such divides and pitted one community against the other. Shashi Tharoor did a marvellous job with the book and made us realise what we had forgotten with passage of time.

The Era Of Digitalisation

Even those who remain in their current positions will need to be trained in the emerging new technologies of the digital age. This transformation could be a key proposition as organizations seek specialized skills in their workforce to achieve their business goals and add value to the business. Of course, improving the quality of solutions through digital transformation is not only about technology companies.

Companies that understand the technologies of the digital age know that customers have a choice. This is why digital marketing and strategy is mainstream and the focus for starting digitalization. To succeed in this new digital age, businesses must use digital technologies in everything. Start digitizing, the truth is that innovation will never stop.

The era of digital transformation has arrived for companies of all sizes and types, from Fortune 500 companies to startups. The influence of digital technologies prevails in all areas of our lives, and therefore the current era is also called the “digital age”. The process of digitization began about fifty years ago with the advent of information technology and digital electronics.

Today, we are probably alone in the midst of a transformation between the pre-digital era and the post-digital era. To truly understand this progression, it is important to see where we come from and where we are going. When trying to understand what the digital age is, it is important to understand that it is driven by technology.

India’s industry has shifted to digitalization, with some industries able to recognize and capitalize on the benefits earlier than others. With access to “big data” and artificial intelligence algorithms, companies in the digital age can make data validate almost any conclusion they want. In 2020, we have been consuming more information through digital data and video at home, in our hands, and on demand. Digital technologies open up enormous opportunities in accessing, storing and transmitting information, and digital reading environments offer ways to present information that is difficult or impossible to obtain in the form of text on paper.

Digitization improves many processes in several ways, email and automation being one of them. Just like electricity and its impact on corporate and individual life, digital technologies will also become ubiquitous. Along with these advances, the changes in network speeds with the deployment of 5G and the devices capable of accessing those speeds will further advance the technology of the digital age. Social networks are taking over the digital world and their population is increasing year by year.

With multiple social media platforms available around the world, many companies are considering social media as an integral part of their marketing strategy. It is a wise decision for a company to include social media in their marketing campaign as they are online 24/7 waiting for a customer to check out a product to purchase or a potential customer who is looking for a service to use in their business.

From time to time, no matter which social media platform a company uses, the algorithms change. Well, digitization is any process in which information is converted into a virtual or digital format and organized into bits. To explore this new form of work, characterized by rapid change and transformation, mainly digital publications of literature and statistics were used.

Based on this data, several papers are being prepared, some of which have already been presented at the Digilog talks, the EPSA conference and the DVPW congress. The practical part presents the advantages and disadvantages of digital nomadism, opportunities and challenges, and based on this, possible recommendations for action and possible future strategies for employees, self-employed workers and traditional companies are obtained. The theoretical part explains and delimits the terms underlying the work, and presents the concept and development of digital nomadism.

Digitalization targets a wide range of cutting-edge issues seen by the Company, which include ensuring adequate broadband bandwidth to provide legitimate and versatile association administrations (correspondence administrations) with data for all segments of the population at large, which varies by age, gender and occupation. . Government agencies have sent out various plans to people working in different fields to promote digitization and also to reassure people that this is a reliable, fast and beneficial change. In all scenarios, it seems to be beneficial to enhance the digital skills of stakeholders.

We show that digital agricultural policies do more than replace analog technologies used in traditional agricultural policies. In particular, it provides opportunities for better spatial targeting and tool customization, including results-based grants.

Digital transformation can also improve the quality of solutions through managed and incremental product launches. Every company’s path to digital transformation will be different because each company has unique needs and goals.

As digitalization disrupts society and business models, it presents both a challenge and an opportunity for compliance managers. This transformation is more than ever a compelling argument to emphasize the importance of business ethics in the conduct of any business. Walk the Talk management sets the tone for values throughout the organization, not just by maximizing efficiency, monitoring business processes, and automating compliance reviews. He will explain what will be required of traditional employees and digital nomads in the future, what opportunities and risks will present and what adjustments traditional companies will have to make.

In the near future, companies as a relevant target group will be interested in digital nomads on two fronts. Using digital technology and understanding them are two completely different beasts. Nearly 80 percent of companies are reportedly pursuing digital initiatives, and nearly 70 percent believe they need to invest in digital strategies to remain competitive.

This era of modernization is being supported in Belgium by the rebuilding plan of Wallonia, a community organization created to provide direct support to local authorities in the field of information technology and digitization in order to achieve the following dual goal. Hence, in order to promote and work with this developing new idea of digitization, the government sent a program called “Computerized India”. However, it remains unclear what the digitalization of the sector will mean for future agricultural policy.

These include 1) digitalization of the sector in line with current directions at current rates as a base case, 2) strong digitalization of the regulatory government, 3) use of autonomous agricultural technologies, and 4) digitalization of the food business. Technology-based pricing strategies, such as dynamic pricing, have become widespread across industries around the world. If you want to find your products and/or services on search engines like Google, Bing, and others, you can include search engine optimization (SEO) in your list of digital marketing strategies and strategies. The search engine is definitely and will be on the list, especially in digital marketing.

They do this to make it easier to manage, control and monitor water consumption in real time. An amplification of this is digital or modern nomadism, in which people work multi-locally from home, in the office, in specially equipped co-working spaces or on the street in so-called transit zones, such as at the airport. However, if a company invests resources in alleviating its operational and implementation weaknesses by leveraging digital transformation (in this case, by automating manual processes), it can bring the continuous added value of mobile capabilities to market faster.

Covid-19: Biodiversity Conservation– Our Solutions Are In Nature

The social energy generated by the COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to develop and implement many new ways to build sustainable and adaptable relationships between people and the rest of nature. The public can be prepared for a recovery that includes effective and sustainable biosecurity with elements of human health, biodiversity conservation, and climate change adaptation as a package based on sustainable development principles. A biosecurity approach that simultaneously tackles the COVID-19 pandemic, biodiversity loss, and climate change crises can leverage economic incentives for greener national economies.

Increase investment in the conservation, sustainable use, and restoration of biodiversity. Set biodiversity spending targets for COVID-19 stimulus measures and recovery plans. . For example, the German International Climate Initiative (IKI) is implementing a €68 million Crown response package that will, among other things, provide financial support for the conservation of nature reserves in IKI partner countries to address the immediate impacts of COVID-19 (Platform Redesign 2020, 2020 [101 ]). For example, the EU has introduced a new biodiversity strategy as part of its Green Deal, which proposes introducing new conservation and land-use planning targets, including a commitment to ensure that at least 30% of Europe’s land and seas are protected areas by 2030.

In other countries, the integrated protection of biodiversity has been recognized as a key component of a successful green recovery from COVID-19. While the overall environmental impact of the blockade and other pandemic policies has been mixed, COVID-19 has helped highlight the importance of protecting biodiversity. Because the COVID-19 pandemic is similar to the COVID-19 pandemic but is of greater global concern than recent past zoonotic pandemics such as SARS, the current pandemic provides additional opportunities to reframe conservation monitoring in favor of public health (Jones et al.., 2008; Morse et al. al., 2012; Zinsstag et al., 2011), as well as to understand the biodiversity changes associated with the global extent of human isolation and the long-term effects of sustaining the social and behavioral changes associated with the pandemic (Bates et al., 2020; Cheval et al. ., 2020; Soga et al., 2021; CS1, CS2, CS3, CS5, and CS6).

Understanding how the current epidemic will affect biodiversity conservation in the short and long term, and to what extent this impact will differ from past disturbances, is critical to achieving biodiversity conservation outcomes in an uncertain future. The global COVID-19 pandemic shows how changes in the scale, type, and extent of human activity can affect biological conservation. Conservation of natural habitats, in turn, requires profound changes in human food production and human encroachment on remaining natural habitats.

Decisions to prevent pandemics and protect nature must be permanently elevated to the highest levels of government. In the absence of this awareness, protecting the environment and biodiversity in a post-COVID-19 world may be pushed further down the national and international agenda. Conservation research is unlikely to be a government priority during the post-pandemic economic recovery, and conservation biologists need to communicate the many benefits that this research and biodiversity itself brings to society.

The diversion of funds for more urgent purposes, as well as travel restrictions, are likely to have a direct impact on research activities such as long-term monitoring programs, prioritizing conservation of species and ecosystems, social-ecological research involving humans, and poorly studied expeditions. places. Immediate impact Conservation and development projects that require human presence, such as monitoring protected areas, treating plant and wildlife diseases, and eradicating invasive alien species, may fall by the wayside. Concerns persist that the COVID-19 pandemic will trigger hasty government action that will harm conservation efforts or spark a social backlash against species considered to be vectors of zoonoses, with negative consequences for the local conservation of these species and their habitats (MacFarlane & Rocha, 2020). ). There are huge risks that when COVID-19 vaccines are available and memories of the crisis fade, so will the resolve to prevent pandemics while conserving biodiversity.

There is no doubt that our immediate priority in dealing with the pandemic must be to protect people and prevent its spread, but our long-term strategy must be to combat deforestation, biodiversity loss and the illegal wildlife trade. There are countless benefits to strategizing and investing in natural solutions for the planet’s holistic well-being. We need to understand the simple fact that nature does not need people, but people need nature.

Covid-19 has provided us with a great opportunity to re-examine our lost relationship with nature and to put nature at the center of our decision-making. COVID-19 is our opportunity to redefine our relationship with nature and rebuild a more environmentally responsible world. Combatting the current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and protecting against future global threats requires proper management of hazardous medical and chemical waste; robust integrated management of nature and biodiversity; A good recovery”, a clear commitment to creating “green” jobs and facilitating the transition to a carbon-neutral economy.

The current pandemic is a wake-up call for all of us to build a resilient economy together, conserve nature and biodiversity, to regain lost glories. Because the theme of the International Day for Biodiversity 2021 suggests that we are part of the solution for nature, and solutions are indeed nature’s. Other zoonoses and devastating global pandemics are inevitable unless we fundamentally rethink our relationship with nature.

The emergence of COVID-19 has highlighted the fact that by destroying biodiversity, we are destroying the system that sustains human life. The positive and negative impacts of Covid-19 on biodiversity resources are predictable as the current pandemic intensifies as population grows around the world. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected virtually every sector and sector of biodiversity conservation at the local, regional and global levels (Corlett et al., 2020).

Its impact on biodiversity conservation is numerous and can be both negative and positive, but the negative impact outweighs the positive (Muhumuza and Balkwill, 2013; Roe et al., 2015; Corlett et al., 2020). Like previous outbreaks, Covid-19 has resulted in the inability to manage protected areas and implement conservation programs due to a complete lockdown (Corlett et al., 2020). The consequences of Covid-19 are inevitable as anthropogenic pressure on the natural ecosystem is reduced due to the blockage of social and economic activities. Protecting biodiversity contributes to social and economic resilience4 Integrating biodiversity into the recovery from COVID-19 is important not only to prevent future pandemics; it is also vital to economic sustainability and human well-being.

Investing in nature has immediate and long-term benefits for economic development and social stability, health and well-being, and climate resilience and biodiversity conservation. Based on this experience, we must be part of the solution to create nature through reforestation, preserving existing forests and other landscapes that are home to biodiversity.

These civil society engagement efforts can become more effective tools for biodiversity conservation and awareness raising. Since the beginning of the pandemic, there have been numerous changes in national and international conservation policy and practice. Growing political interest in biodiversity conservation is fueled by the recognition that our economy is heavily dependent on nature and that proper protection and management of biodiversity ecosystems can help address other social challenges, including climate change.

One Person I’M Glad I Met

Then I realized that God tested those who are capable, then I took care of myself and I know that the person I met, I am glad that I am not different … when a person meets himself or finds himself, it means that he finds everything that feeling makes him very happy. My life took a new direction and I met a man, and then I was glad that I met this guy … this guy seemed like an angel to me. You showed me that someone is capable of being interested in me, although I am convinced that I am a girl that no one will ever love. You showed me that someone is capable of being interested in me, although I am convinced that I am a girl that no one will ever love.

Without him I wouldn’t be who I am and for that I feel blessed. He made me better than I am proud of today, and if not for him, perhaps I would not be who I am. I know there is only one person who made me feel this way and I want to meet him. I have created so many people in my life, but there is a person, a soul that beats me today, my mother.

I have and still have many people who have left their mark on my life, but there is one person, one soul, that stands out to me today – this is my mother. The sweetest soul speaks the language of love, and the strongest soul protects those she loves. You are the only person in my life who means everything to me and I can spend every day with you. If there’s one thing I’ll give you forever, it’s my love, my heart and my soul.

I have never felt this way before, my love for you is pure and I am so happy to have found you. I have never loved anyone so much and I am so glad you are in my life. I love you dearly and I never want to lose you because life has been so beautiful since the day I found you. My dear, life is so beautiful with you and I am so happy to have found you.

Even if things don’t go my way, I’ll still be happy for you. You are the one I fight the most and you are also my best friend. A friend like you I love to death and will never let go. Friends like you are the ones who open my eyes and help me avoid bad things.

But out of everyone I’ve met so far, I’m proud to say I’ve met the best friend of my life. For this reason, I can proudly say that I have met a great friend in my life. A friend of mine from childhood, we haven’t been in touch for thirty years, twenty-nine to be exact. We couldn’t meet and one of my closest friends brought me food and apologized for not being able to eat together.

When my dog passed away this summer, I had one of my best and oldest friends by my side. A friend of mine from childhood and her husband called me every day, sometimes two or three times a day, just to make sure she was okay. Sometimes I feel lonely and there is no one to talk to or ask for help, and there are always people who call me out of the blue and ask how I’m doing. The only person I’ve ever met is one of the best friends in my life, and I love another side of myself, even more.

The only person I am happy to meet is one of my best friends, life, love, significant other. Today – today I am grateful for every friend that has been a part of my life, from the smallest to the oldest. To be honest, I don’t know how I would have gotten this far without each of them.

So, I will start with those whom I met when I was open to the outside world. So if I were to start listing them as the best people I’m happy to meet, the list would be quite large.

Thanks to both of the two important people mentioned above, I have found my real me and am happy to meet my real me, hidden and bound by these imaginary chains and cages. You showed me what it’s like to meet someone and form an immediate and undeniable connection with them. If there was a way to look into my heart with my eyes, you would know how special you are to me. I am happy that I told her the last time we met that I would take care of her.

These have been months of my life filled with mistakes, regrets and great happiness. As I get to know you better, I realize that you don’t let your work enter your mind, sometimes you close your book and go out to dinner with your friends, or just go to bed to watch your friends and enjoy Phoebe Buffy’s quirks . When I first met you, I realized that you refused to stop until you had done all the work you were supposed to do.

I met up with friends, went out to dinner, had impromptu meetings, last minute trips, late night calls, video calls, sometimes just calling to see my pets. However, over the course of a year we became best friends, and gradually I felt that I became more open. My friends came home, came to my room and said that no one would move from there until I decided to leave.

I met my friend at dinner and the time went by so quickly that it felt like five minutes had passed. We only met when one of my closest friends found me something to eat and apologized for not being able to attend the meal.

And I’m glad that it is, because it would be very difficult to find another friend like her. It’s hard to find the same energy with someone because we all have different personality traits. I hope everyone has a person/friend or loved one they can always rely on.

These quotes come from people we know who walk the talk when it comes to making life worthwhile. They show what it’s like to meet someone with a quick and undeniable connection.

I am happy that whenever I go somewhere, I am obliged to write to you as soon as I arrive. She explained: “You spend your whole life stuck in the Labyrinth, thinking about how to get out of it one day and imagining that the future will stop you from going, but you never do. A girl who loves the idea of marriage and family. , but hardly convinces herself that there is someone who really wants this with her.

The Toltec Wisdom

The Toltec was a pre-Columbian Mesoamerican culture, native of Mexico that ruled from about 900 AD to 1500 AD. Ultimately, they passed on that heritage to civilizations such as the Aztecs, who regarded the Toltecs as a great and prosperous civilization. The first settlement of the Toltecs was at Culhuacan, but they later established a capital at Tollan.

The Tollan is assumed to be renowned for its sumptuous palaces and awe-inspiring buildings made from gold, jade, turquoise, and quetzal feathers. The city and the civilization were possessed with skilled artisan, craftsman, metal workers, jewellers and agriculturists. It is no doubt, that the civilization must have been well-governed and protected, since it survived and flourished for so many years. Toltecs had remarkable religious practices and were masters indistinctive art. They were very well versed in architecture, sculpture, writing and accomplished in medicine.

See the source image — Toltec Pyramid at Chichen Itza

After its extinction, what survived was the ancient traditional Toltec wisdom. Their tradition cannot be called a religion, but is a way of life and honours all the spiritual masters who have taught on the earth. The Toltecs embrace spirits and are deeply into spiritualism. Throughout southern Mexico, the Toltects were referred to as ‘men and women of knowledge’. They came together as masters (naguals) and students at Teotihuacan, the ancient city of pyramids outside Mexico City known as the place where ‘Man becomes God’.

For an era, the toltects were forced to conceal and protect the ancestral wisdom from the many conquests of invaders and misusers who tried to seek it simply for personal gain. This esoteric knowledge was passed on to generations of naguals and was maintained in secrecy for hundreds of years. They foretold the coming of age when it would be necessary to reveal it in discourses.

As Don Miguel Ruiz, a nagual from the Early Knight lineage, refers ‘Toltecs as scientists and artists who formed a society to explore and conserve the spiritual knowledge and practices of ancient ones.’ The Toltec wisdom is sacred and introspective.

But how can one edify and educate self with Toltec wisdom when it apeals to us so much?

Fortunately, we have our knight and nagual to teach us the Toltec wisdom. Don Miguel Ruiz in his book ‘The Four Agreements’ put forth the insights of the Toltecs. These four agreements, when practiced lead to lasting happiness and love.The contents of the book are meant for self-discovery, healing and self-improvement.

The introduction to the agreements introduces you to the illusion we all are in. Only the awakened one can see the reality. The author shares a story which can be assumed to be the experience of the first nagual of the Toltec tribe.

‘Three thousand years ago, a human like us lived near a city surrounded by mountains.’ This man was practicing medicine, to learn the knowledge of his ancestors. But he was dissatisfied with what he learned, ‘he felt that there must be something more’.

‘One day while he was sleeping in a cave, he dreamed that he saw his own body sleeping. He came out of the cave on the night of a new moon. The sky was clear, and he could see millions of stars. Then something happened inside of him that transformed his life forever. Ho looked at his hands, he felt his body, and he heard his own voice say, “I am made of light; I am made of stars.” “Everything is made of light” he said, “and the space in between isn’t empty.” And he knew that everything that exists is one living being, and that light is the messenger of life, because it is alive and contains all information.’

This is the extract of story from the original text.

The realisation was that everything in existence is a manifestation of one. Human perception is merely light perceiving light.

This realisation awakened him from the dream he had been in for so long. When he saw the world with those sparkling, illuminated eyes of his, he could understand everyone so well but no one could understand him. He realized that everyone was dreaming without awareness, without knowing who they really are. People who saw him is his awakened state perceived him to be an incarnation of God, but there he was, a mere human with higher level of consciousness, beyond illusion and insightful.

Each human is a mirror to others, but there is a wall of fog or smoke between the mirrors. That smoke was made by the interpretation of images of light – the dream of humans. To remember all his acquired visions, he decided to call himself – the Smokey mirror; so that he would know that matter is a mirror and the smoke in between is what keeps from knowing who and what we truly are.

“I am the Smokey mirror, because I am looking at myself in all of you, but we don’t recognize each other because of the smoke in between us. That smoke is the Dream, and the mirror is you, the dreamer” inferred the nagual.

“The real mission you have in life is to make yourself happy, and in order to be happy, you have to look at what you believe, the way you judge yourself, the way you victimize yourself”
Don Miguel Ruiz

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