Tag: Education

Tardigrades

The tardigrade, better known as a water bear or moss piglet, is the real star in the race of survival. This eight-legged, water-dwelling animal, which is a closer relative to nematodes (roundworms) than they are to their look-alikes, the arthropods (insects, myriapods, arachnids and crustaceans), has gone unseen for a significant part of our existence. Astonishingly, there are over 1200 different species of tardigrades, and it is believed that less than 10% of the species have been identified.

How big are tardigrades?

The biggest adults reach a body length of only around 1.5 mm, while the smallest is less than 0.1 mm. Newly hatched tardigrades may be even smaller than 0.05 mm. You would need microscopic vision to see these impeccable wonders of nature. Tardigrades are nearly translucent and they average about half a millimeter (500 micrometers) in length, about the size of the period at the end of this sentence. In the right light you can actually see them with the naked eye. But researchers who work with tardigrades see them as they appear through a dissecting microscope of 20- to 30-power magnification—as charismatic miniature animals.

What do tardigrades eat?

They feed on the fluids of plant and animal cells, piercing their cell walls and membranes, with the help of primitive piercing mouthparts, called stylets. Some species of water bears are known to engulf entire live organisms, such as rotifers. Tardigrades even eat other tardigrades! Yes, cannibalism is very much alive and well among certain species of tardigrades. When they have enough food and water to support their bodily functions, they live out the natural course of their lives. They are probably the most paradoxical animals on this planet. These organisms are impossibly cute, like tiny blimps bumbling around harmlessly on their stubby little legs, but they also enjoy a legendary reputation as the toughest and most indestructible creatures on Earth.

Tiny but Robust

Tardigrades are biologically immune to apocalyptic events like Gamma Ray Bursts (left) or meteor showers (right).

Tardigrades have been reported to survive the piping hot sulphur springs amidst volcanic mountains; they have survived atop the Himalayas, beneath layers and layers of thick ice, remaining unscathed by the immense pressures and exceedingly low temperatures. Tardigrades are fully capable of surviving complete global mass extinctions caused by astrophysical events, such as gamma-ray bursts and giant meteorite impacts.

Tardigrades and Ant-Man

Ant-Man and the Wasp(2018)

Pop culture seems to love tardigrades. And with good reason! Tardigrades have been a part of several sci-fi movies, shows, and documentaries. Science fiction loves good space monsters that are biologically dominant to their heroic counterparts. Tardigrades are no stranger to this culture; they have been featured in various movies like Star Trek: Discovery, Ant-Man, and Harbinger Down. However, was it just their terrifying and gruesome appearance that inspired the filmmakers to caste these critters, or were they well aware of their dominant stature amongst other mortal creatures? Either way, they weren’t wrong!

Tardigrades in Space

In 2007, a group of researchers pushed the resilience of these extraordinary animals to the extreme, in conditions that would be impossible for any other known living creature to survive. A sample of dehydrated tardigrades was exposed to outer space for ten whole days. The vacuum of space, which results in severe dehydration and cosmic radiation, was not a problem for water bears. When those same specimens were returned to earth and rehydrated, 68% of those shielded from the radiation survived; even a handful of those without radiation protection not only came back to life but also produced viable offspring. 

Cryptobiosis

The adaptation that allows tardigrades to live through such barbarous conditions is their ability to enter a dehydrated state, one that closely resembles death, and this is what makes all the difference. When encountered with environmental stresses, a tardigrade will moult its skin, and inside the shed skin, it curls up into a dry, lifeless ball called a tun. This reduces its metabolic activity immensely, to around 0.01% of its normal levels, but still protects their DNA. To do this, their body produces trehalose, a natural protective sugar that forms a gel-like medium that suspends and preserves the cell organelles and membranes. In the tun, a tardigrade can survive for decades or more. Once immersed in water, their bodies return to a normal metabolic state over the course of a few hours. In one such incident, a group of dehydrated tardigrades was reportedly taken from a museum sample of 100-year-old dried moss and was brought back to life by simple rehydration. That being said, the longer a tardigrade persists in a dehydrated state, the lower are its chances of being successfully revived.

Conclusion

Whether it is the scorching heat of thermal vents, the icy cold of subglacial lakes, or even the vacuum of space, these hard little critters will survive it all. Boil them, mash them, stick ’em in a stew… they are versatile and probably the most durable creatures on the planet. Having survived five great mass extinctions over a period of half a billion years, they might be the strangest combination of cute and terrifying that anyone has ever experienced while looking through a microscope. Extreme conditions that terrify us and would most certainly kill almost any life form, barely even faze them. These tiny tots have expanded the notion of habitable environments, and understanding their indestructibility will have profound implications for both earthbound medicines and survival on other worlds.

 

HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR EYESIGHT ?

Does Wearing Eyeglasses improve Eyesight?

1.Get enough key nutrients and minerals

Nutrients A, C, and E, just as the mineral zinc, contain cell reinforcements that can help forestall macular degeneration. It’s a condition wherein the macula — the piece of the eye that controls focal vision — disintegrates.

Food hotspots for these significant supplements incorporate an assortment of bright vegetables and organic products, for example,

  • carrots
  • red peppers
  • broccoli
  • spinach
  • strawberries
  • sweet potato
  • citrus

Food sources wealthy in omega-3 unsaturated fats, like salmon and flaxseed, are likewise suggested for better eye wellbeing.

Eat These 5 Foods to Improve Your Eyesight | Auntyfaith.com

2.Don’t fail to remember the carotenoids

A couple of different supplements are additionally keys to further developing visual perception. Among them are lutein and zeaxanthin, which are carotenoids found in the retina. You can likewise discover them in verdant green vegetables, broccoli, zucchini, and eggs.

Lutein and zeaxanthin can likewise be taken in supplement structure. These carotenoids assist with securing the macula by further developing shade thickness in that piece of the eye, and retaining ultraviolent and blue light.

Low levels of carotenoids linked to Parkinson's disease risk and progression: RCT

3.Stay fit

Indeed, practice and keeping a sound weight can help your eyes, not simply your waistline. Type 2 diabetes, which is more normal in individuals who are overweight or stout, can make harm the small veins in the eyes.

This condition is called diabetic retinopathy Trusted . A lot of sugar flowing in your circulatory system harms the fragile dividers of your corridors. Diabetic retinopathy causes the tiny supply routes in your retina — the light-touchy back piece of the eye — to spill blood and liquid into the eye, hurting your vision.

Free Vector | Stay fit illustration

4.Follow the 20-20-20 principle

Your eyes buckle down during the day and need a break from time to time. The strain can be particularly serious on the off chance that you work at a PC for extended lengths all at once. To facilitate the strain, keep the 20-20-20 standard.

That implies like clockwork, you should quit gazing at your PC and take a gander at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.

5.Quit smoking

You realize smoking is terrible for your lungs and your heart, also your hair, skin, teeth, and pretty much every other body part. That incorporates your eyes, as well.

RESOURCES:

1.https://versanthealth.com/blog/top-8-ways-to-improve-vision-over-50/

2.https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-improve-eyesight

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Online Learning

Online learning, like other educational techniques, offers advantages and disadvantages. Decoding and comprehending these positives and negatives will assist institutes in developing ways for more effective class delivery, guaranteeing a continuous learning journey for students.

Discover Everything You Need To Know (Good And Bad) About  Online Education

The term “new normal” has become one of the most commonly used expressions in the aftermath of the epidemic. The growing usage of online learning resources is the new normal in education. The COVID-19 epidemic has prompted new methods of learning. Educational institutions all around the world are turning to online learning platforms to help them continue the process of educating pupils. The new normal is a changed vision of education, with online learning at its heart. Digital learning has now emerged as an essential resource for students and schools all around the world. For many educational institutions, this is a whole new method of teaching that they have had to adapt to. Online learning is currently used not only to study academics, but also to learn extracurricular activities for students. The demand for online learning has increased substantially in recent months and will continue to do so in the future.

As with most teaching methods, online learning also has its own set of positives and negatives. Decoding and understanding these positives and negatives will help institutes in creating strategies for more efficiently delivering the lessons, ensuring an uninterrupted learning journey for students.

What Are The Advantages Of Online Learning?

1. Efficiency :- Online learning allows teachers to provide courses to students in a more efficient manner. Online learning includes a variety of materials such as videos, PDFs, and podcasts, which teachers may use into their lesson plans. Teachers may become more efficient instructors by expanding the lesson plan beyond standard textbooks to include internet resources.

2. Accessibility Of Time And Place :- Another advantage of online education is that it allows students to attend classes from any location of their choice. It also allows schools to reach out to a more extensive network of students, instead of being restricted by geographical boundaries. Additionally, online lectures can be recorded, archived, and shared for future reference. This allows students to access the learning material at a time of their comfort. Thus, online learning offers students the accessibility of time and place in education.

3. Affordability :- Another advantage of online learning is that it saves money. When compared to traditional schooling, online education is considerably more inexpensive. This is due to the fact that online learning reduces the costs of student transportation, food, and, most significantly, real estate. Furthermore, all course or study materials are available online, resulting in a paperless learning environment that is both more cheap and environmentally friendly.

4. Improved Student Attendance :- Since online classes can be taken from home or location of choice, there are fewer chances of students missing out on lessons.

5. Suits A Variety Of Learning Styles :- Every kid has a unique learning experience and learning style. Some pupils like to study visually, while others prefer to learn through audio. Similarly, some kids flourish in the classroom, while others prefer to learn alone and are easily distracted by large groups. With its variety of options and resources, the online learning system may be customized in a variety of ways. It is the most effective method for creating a perfect learning environment tailored to the needs of each learner.

What Are The Disadvantages Of Online Learning?

Disadvantages of Online Learning - YouTube

1. Inability To Focus On Screens :- One of the most difficult aspects of online learning for many students is the inability to focus on a screen for extended periods of time. With online learning, pupils are more likely to be quickly sidetracked by social media or other sites. As a result, it is critical for professors to maintain their online lessons concise, engaging, and interactive in order to keep students focused on the subject.

2. Technology Issues :- Another significant issue with online classes is access to the internet. While internet coverage has increased by leaps and bounds in recent years, a continuous connection with adequate speed remains a challenge in smaller cities and villages. There may be a loss of consistency in learning for the child if pupils or teachers do not have a continuous internet connection. This is harmful to the educational process.

3. Sense Of Isolation :- Being in the company of their peers may teach students a lot. However, there are little physical encounters between students and professors in an online class. This frequently leads to a sense of isolation among the kids. In this case, it is critical that the school provide for other modes of communication between students, classmates, and teachers. This includes online chats, emails, and video conferencing, which allow for face-to-face connection and reduces feelings of isolation.

4. Teacher Training :- Online learning necessitates that teachers have a fundamental grasp of how to use digital forms of learning. However, this is not always the case. Teachers may have a very rudimentary grasp of technology. They may not even have the required resources and tools to conduct online lessons at times. To address this, it is critical for schools to spend in training instructors on the most recent technological advancements so that they can conduct their online lessons smoothly.

5. Manage Screen Time :- Many parents are concerned about the health risks of their children spending so much time looking at a screen. One of the most serious issues and drawbacks of online learning is the rise in screen time. Students may acquire improper posture and other physical issues as a result of sitting slumped in front of a screen. A excellent approach would be to offer kids frequent pauses from the computer in order to rejuvenate their minds and bodies.


What is Afforestation and Its Benefits?

AFFORESTATION

Forests provide the clean air, water, and food grains that organisms need to survive in the world. There are no lives without forests. So in this article we will look at the benefits of these forests and their current status.

The Source of Life is Forests

It is a scientific fact that only living things on earth live in the solar family, and that this is because only air and water exist on earth. The fact is that all living things on earth can survive, even though researchers are still researching whether the planets have enough air and water to sustain life. This air contains gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Organisms all absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. At the same time, plants absorb carbon dioxide, release oxygen, and provide clean air for organisms to live.

The Source of Water is Forests

Water is essential for human beings and living beings. This water is available to us through rainfall. Where it rains is mostly in the forests. It rains because of the forests. There are no trees in the deserts. So no rain. There are plenty of trees in the hills. So it rains generously. It is the forests that pour rainwater into the earth and give us groundwater.

Shade Trees and Forests 

Living beings rest in the shade of a tree as they travel from one place to another. That is why all the kings planted trees on both sides of the roads.

Forests That Prevent Soil Erosion

When it rains and the water flows away, the soil is washed away. Thus residential areas are devastated. But soil erosion is largely prevented as the roots of the trees cling to the soil. 

Forests to Help the Home

In addition to the above, trees are also used for building doors, tables, beds, and shelves for humans to live in.

Trees That Provide Food and Medicine

The fruits of the trees are used as food for humans and animals. The leaves, bark, roots, fruits and pods of many trees are also used medicinally. The water that falls on some plants and falls on us is also used as medicine. 

Disadvantages of deforestation 

Today forests are being massively destroyed in the name of civilization. Deforestation to build apartments. This causes erosion and many lives are lost. Decreased rainfall leads to drought, famine and starvation. Man has to wander for drinking water. 

So we will plant trees, grow forests and see resources to live healthily and happily in the world of organisms.

Traffic Rules & Regulations Followed By People

 Traffic Rules & Regulations

Travel is an inevitable part of human life. No man can stay in a room for long. So it is necessary to go to public places. For that you have to use the roads. The rules to be followed on the roads are called traffic rules. We all read here to know what are the rules to be followed by pedestrians and motorists.

Rules for pedestrians

Pedestrians refer to people walking on foot.

  • They should only walk on roads, on sidewalks.  
  • Walk only on the black and white lines that are marked for it in certain places and cross the roads.
  • Pedestrians should cross the road only when allowed by the traffic police.
  • In the absence of police, vehicles from the right and left should pass only when they do not arrive. 

Motorists need to pay attention 

  • Drive only on the left side of the road.
  • Motorists should raise the sound when coming from a short distance to pedestrians. 
  • When returning to the road, the appropriate markings should be given to oncoming vehicles shortly before the specified location. 
  • Never use flashlights that glare at onlookers.
  • Only overtake on the right when overtaking ongoing vehicles. Never overtake on the left. 
  • Your vehicle should not overtake other vehicles for any reason on narrow roads and bridges.
  • Air horn should not be used in front of hospitals or schools.
  • Do not drive more than the speed specified for each vehicle. 
  • You need to drive at a steady pace and realize that you can only save fuel.
  • No more than two people can travel in a two-wheeler.
  • Helmets are required for both motorcyclists.
  • Do not drive under the influence of alcohol. 
  • Do not drive while talking on the phone or listening to music.
  • Four-wheeler drivers must use a seat belt attached to the seat.

Vehicle passengers should pay attention

  • Do not get on or off a moving vehicle.
  • Do not talk to the driver.
  •  Do not travel on stairs.
  • Space must be provided for boarding and disembarking passengers. 
  • Pregnant women, the elderly and the disabled should be provided with seating. 
  •  Need to get the appropriate ticket.
  • Be respectful to the conductor and fellow passengers.
  • Avoid mistakes such as smoking inside the bus, spitting, and stretching the hands and head out of the vehicle.

The purpose of the journey is only to reach the place we want to go, but also to realize that trying to go fast and not reaching death. We will all follow the traffic rules carefully.

Common Mistakes to Avoid on Your Resume


Saying YES to the mess

An unprofessional resume screams SKIP! Remember to keep it sleek and professional with proper highlighting, bullets, and minimal colours. Don’t make it fancy or too simple, don’t use any kind of word or sentence, which will look like a command or too unprofessional, make it professional.
Ensure that it isn’t too busy, too colourful or has illegible fancy font styles.

Check out my posts, ‘Tools to enhance your resume’ for more on this.

Not linking your portfolios, and recommendation

One of the most common mistakes that are made while creating a holistic resume is not providing links to these. Ensure you add a hyperlink to your port folio and recommendation. Also, ensure it is accessible to the employer to view!
Recommendations are like a golden star on your resume. Keep it short, but do provide a contact that they can reach out to, for verification.
Never forgot to add this!!

Not highlighting well enough

Sure, we did tell you what to highlight. But what do you not highlight? Unnecessary minor details, especially in a stretched – out manner. Just add what is important, that will make it look good but if you add small things, it will make your resume look bad. So just remember that you have added things which are important and don’t make it too long.
Use action verbs to describe your daily responsibilities and experience.

Sorry, they can’t come to the phone right now

Why? Because they listed an incorrect contact details on their resume or didn’t list one at all.
So many times we never check our personal information and because of this even if you got the job you will miss it.
Be careful to double and triple check your contact information. E-mail addresses and phone numbers should be highlighted for easier identification.

Too long to read

Keep it short. Your ideal resume should not exceed 2 pages. Employers usually have to go through several resumes in a single day. A super lengthy resume, just make it easier for them to glance and skip.
Make it effective and short.

Grammatical or spelling error

Not only is it extremely unprofessional, but it also implies to the employer that you are not very interested in the position. Use tools like Grammarly to run spelling and grammar checks. Additionally, you could also run it by a friend, just in case you missed something. It’s that easy!

How Important is Female Education?

FEMALE EDUCATION

“Women are the eyes of the country” is a universal suffrage. 

There is no doubt that the country will prosper if the light of women’s education shines. All good people will accept the need for women to be educated, which is equal to the world’s population. So let’s look at female education here. 

Importance of Female Education 

If a man is educated he will develop knowledge only for one. However, if a woman is educated, the whole family will be educated. Because the baby begins to learn in the mother’s lap. So it is natural for the whole family to be educated when all the children are educated. 

Female Education in Ancient Times 

It is a fact of history that the kings of the earth ruled and maintained the poets. Women were among the poets who brought good things to the kings of the world. 

Argument and Denial Against Female Education

Those who refused to accept the growth and importance of women uttered many words at that time. But many who felt the importance of female education supported it. It is an internationally accepted fact that a woman is hidden behind every man’s success.

The Benefits of Female Education 

The society of women who are paralyzed in the kitchen because women are educated has made many achievements. Today women have done their duty in various fields of the world.  From Kalpana Chawla to Sania Mirza, who have excelled in sports to aerospace research. Women make up the majority of the teaching profession. Indira Gandhi, who ruled India, was also a woman. Women have assumed responsibility for governance in various parts of the world; They have been performing to this day. Women are on par with men in all fields.

Women need to be educated to be healthy, prosperous and enlightened. We who worship women as gods should also educate women. We will develop female education.

How to Win Friends and Influence People Book Summary

Book Name : How to Win Friends and Influence People

Author Name : Dale Carnegie

Year of Publication : 1936

There is a famous proverb. “Tell me who your friend is, and I will tell you who you are.” Adding friends who can stand by us is an art. In 1936 Dale Carnegie, a famous public speaker, wrote a book on how to make such good friends. The title of the book is ” How to Win Friends and Influence People.” The book has sold nearly 30+ million copies since its publication. To date, the book has been ranked 19th on Times Magazine’s 100 Most Influence Books list.

We are going to know about such a famous book. It can be said that this book is the beginning of self development. This book has made a changes in the lives of many. 

You can learn an 8 things by reading this book. What they are,

1. Come out of present self and get new thoughts and visions

2. How to farm a team easily

3. Increase popularity

4. Become a great Influencer

5. Increase your influence level on others

6. Learn how to handle complaints and deal with conflicts

7. Learn how to have a better conversation with others

8. Influence other to work with you

You can achieve the above 8 things by reading this book. Not only this but there are a lot of things in this book.

This book has a total of 32 chapters. Author holds this as a 4 part. 

PART I – Fundamental Techniques in Handling People

As we learn what is being said in this part, we will begin to interact properly with others. When we interact like that, we develop a respect among the people.

PART II – Six Ways to Make People Like You

Author has said here a 6 things for others to like us or for others to look at us and be impressed in this part. Why is it said that First Impression is the Best Impression. Always a lot of people will think we are like this when they see us. So he has explained how to make us believe when others see us or how to create best impression on us when they see us.  

PART III – How to Win People to Your Way of Thinking

Author has clearly stated in this part how to bring others our way. Some of the important things that Arthur has said in this are that we can never win a debate. Because it’s not a problem if you are arguing for proof in a discussion. But to those who argue that what I am saying is right author says that it is difficult for us to win. And in this part he has said many things about how we are creating our enemies, how to avoid it, and how to make others like us.

PART IV – Be a Leader : How to Change People Without Giving Offense or Arousing Resentment

Author has told us how to be a leader and how to bring people our way in this part. Sometimes there will be some arguments between us and those who follow us. It explains how to say it without offending them. If you are a team leader or manager in a company, the steps mentioned in this part will be very helpful to make your team do what you think.

Author has said a lot about things like this in this book. That is, no one likes to accept someone’s order. So he has said very clearly about everything from how we indirectly command someone and how to get them to do the work we need for us.

Domestic Violence

Domestic violence is defined as violence and abuse that occurs in a domestic environment, such as cohabitation or marriage. Domestic violence is defined as any type of behaviour that attempts to acquire authority and control over the victim, not simply physical abuse. It may afflict people from many areas of life and is usually directed at a partner, spouse, or close family member. We will discuss the causes and repercussions of domestic violence in an essay.

Causes of Domestic Violence

Domestic violence frequently targets women and children. Domestic abuse is a heinous crime that kills many people. Illiteracy and economic reliance on males are two of the most prevalent causes of domestic violence. This dilemma is exacerbated by a male-dominated culture. Furthermore, dowry is one of the major causes of violence against newlywed wives. Physically abusing women and making obscene statements is widespread in many areas of the world.

Furthermore, children are frequently victims of this cruel behaviour. It is critical to identify society’s double standards and hypocrisy. Frequently, the abuser is either insane or in need of psychiatric counselling. Domestic violence, on the other hand, is the result of a series of reckless behaviours displayed by a segment of society. It is also crucial to highlight that the abuser is not the only one who is accountable; those who allow this to happen and behave as quiet bystanders are equally to blame.

Types of Domestic Violence

Domestic abuse has a variety of negative consequences that vary depending on the type of domestic violence that occurs. It might be physical, emotional, sexual, or pecuniary in nature. A physical abuser employs physical force that injures or endangers the victim’s life. Hitting, punching, choking, slapping, and other forms of violence are included. Furthermore, the abuser refuses the victim medical attention. There is also emotional abuse, in which the perpetrator threatens and intimidates the victim. It also entails damaging their self-esteem.

It involves threatening someone with danger or disgrace in public. Emotional abuse can also include continuous name-calling and criticism. Then there’s sexual abuse, in which the perpetrator uses force to get undesired sexual intercourse. If your spouse does not consent, it is considered sexual abuse since it is coerced. Finally, there is economic abuse, in which the abuser has power over the victim’s money and economic resources.

They use this to impose control over them and make them completely reliant on them. Economic abuse occurs when your partner needs to beg you for money. The victim’s self-esteem suffers as a result.

Why is domestic violence an issue?

Domestic violence has a significant influence on people’s overall health and well-being. It is due to the fact that it causes bodily harm, anxiety, and despair. Furthermore, it affects social skills and increases the probability that they may engage in health-harming behaviours such as self-harm or drug addiction.

How does domestic violence affect a woman?

Domestic abuse has a negative impact on women’s health. It has severe ramifications for their mental and physical health, including reproductive and sexual health. It also covers injuries, gynaecological issues, despair, suicide, and other issues.

Conclusion

To summarise, domestic violence can take various forms, including physical aggressiveness such as kicking and biting, as well as sexual or emotional abuse. It is critical to recognise the indicators of domestic violence and report the abuser if it occurs around or to you.

Examination Should Be Abolished

“Change of focus distress the mind”.

“An excess of everything is bad”.

In India, it is increasingly felt that education system is highly examination oriented. Exams and tests are held at regular intervals. Success in the exams is at index of once intelligence. Exams do cause a lot of stress rather it can be said that a student’s academic future simply depends on the marks scored by him. His admission in reputed college depends solely upon his performance in examination.

As a result, students finds studies stressful, monotonous and exasperating. Unachievable targets set by the parents and perceptors, unbearable peer pressure, cut throat competitions makes one question the usefulness of the examination system. In my sense, it is all futile. We cannot deny the fact that it is resulting into spate of suicides, absenteeism and even the percentage of dropouts has increased.

Exams should be cancelled and replaced by less stressful and more fruitful forms of assessments for several reasons including:

1)     They do not define one’s skills and capabilities: Thomas Edison once said: “Tomorrow is my exam but I don’t care, a single paper can’t decide my future” and we all know what Edison achieved is his life, other successful people followed such a path and if they cared much about exams, they surely would not have achieved what they did.

2)     They do not differentiate between students: Exams do not depend on someone’s preparation only, they are also dependent on their physical and mental health, and their social situation; you most luckily would not get a second chance if you developed a diarrhea during exam, such a factor would decide whether you’re among best or worst students no matter how intelligent you are, and how much you prepared for the exam. So you see how unfair the whole system is!

3)     Cheating: The broken educational system values more grades than learning and that what obliged students to try any means –sometimes illegal ones- to pass to the next level, history is full of people who try every trick to cheat at exam time, modern technology also has made it much easier for students to pass their tests with less efforts and students’ last issue nowadays is knowledge.

4)     Stress: Exams take a toll on a student’s body and mind through the forms of stress and anxiety and you might end up in a mental institution. Because of exams, a medical student was caught eating pages from one of their recommended texts since he failed to absorb information from taking his lectures too literally.

It is also felt that examinations don’t prepare students for life. They simply enable the students to become reasonably well informed, fact churning individuals. There should be a system of consistent evaluation throughout the year and, the examinee should not be tested only for facts and information acquired by him but should be tested for life skills. So, the examination system should be abolished instead of examinations being conducted at the end of the academic session.

Review – Think And Grow Rich Summary

No matter which book we start reading, the question is why do we read this book. Let me tell you the reason why you should read this book. This book is a blueprint for achieving your dream.

Book Name : Think And Grow Rich

Author Name : Napoleon Hill

Year of Publication : 1937

Author Napoleon Hill of this book. Like everyone else he had a desire to make a lot of money and succeed in life. He started looking for this through interviews as he is a journalist. He interviewing Andrew Carnegie, the World Richest Person of his time. In that interview Author notes some things. The mind set that a rich person can have is different than the mind set that a ordinary person can have. Especially the way they look at the time and their habits are very different. That interview was going well. Andrew Carnegie put a twist on that interview. He said to Author, “I arrange for you to interview the 500 Most Successful People in My Contact.” Author was shocked to hear this. Not only this but Andrew Carnegie says two conditions. Andrew Carnegie said, ” it will take at least 20 years to complete the interview of these 500 people and share what you have learned in that interview with people.” Having said this, Andrew Carnegie asks Napoleon Hill if you are ready for this challenge. Author thinks well and accepts the challenge. The result is the book Think And Grow Rich.

Now that you have some idea why you should read this book. This book is not just about 500 success stories, he has analyzed what he learned when he interviewed 500 people and prepared a 13-steps Success Formula. Author has indirectly tested this formula on 1000 people. Tested and incorporated as a case study in this book how this formula worked and what changes have taken place in their lives since they used this formula.

Let’s see what those 13 steps are.

1. Power of Thoughts

Only if you know what the power of your thoughts is can you control it and use it properly. 

2. A Burning Desire

In the things you think you want to achieve, you have to have a frenzied desire. 

3. Faith

No matter what happens. We must be confident that we can achieve what we started.

4. Auto Suggestion

It tells you how to reprogram your brain and drive it towards success. It is one of the method of reprogramming the brain.

5. Specialized Knowledge

Learning a subject well and implementing it and gaining knowledge from it or making money or making an impact in the community.

6. Power of Imagination

Only if you know what your imagination is capable of, can you use it for the right things on the right track. 

7. Organized Planning

You need to plan what are the basic things you need to do to turn your dream into action.

8. Decision

How to make a good decision? That is, you need to know what is needed to make a right decision and what factors to consider when making that right decision.

9. Persistence

In this chapter, author talks about recovering from a depressed state and achieving a full potential.

10. Power of The Mastermind

You will face a lot of obstacles while working towards your goal.  In this chapter author talks about how to travel towards the goal only without letting it distract you then. 

11. The Mystery of Transmutation of Sex

The most important things in existence is the sexual drive. It is used by most of the athletes and sports persons. In this chapter, author talks about how ordinary people use it properly and what is the advantage for us of using it.

12. Power of Subconscious Mind

We all know that the subconscious mind is the cause of all habits. So how to control it and achieve what we thought is stated in this chapter.

13. The Brain

Only in this chapter will you achieve your goal. Now you know what state your brain is in and how you achieved your goal. 

We briefly learned what those 13 steps that author said were. Author also offers two bonus steps. Let us now know what those two steps are.

* The Sixth Sense *

We have heard many people say gut feeling. We would have told ourselves also. A lot of people know it is wrong when we do a thing. Then in this chapter, author talks about whether or not you should follow your gut feeling.

* Fear * 

Fear is an important factor that prevents us from achieving our goals. He explains in 6 points how to overcome that fear.

Top 10 online courses to skill-up

1. IoT

Course : Introduction to Internet of Things

From : Cisco Networking Academy

Learn how the current digital transformation is creating unprecedented economic opportunity. Understand how the IoT is bridging the gap between operational and information technology systems. Discover how standard business processes are being transformed. The security concerns that must be considered when implementing IoT solutions.

2. Analytics

Course : Google Analytics for Beginners

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Learn the basic features of Google Analytics including how to create an account, implement tracking code, analyze basic reports, and step-up goals and campaign tracking.

3. MS EXCEL 

Course : Microsoft Excel – Excel from Beginner to Advanced

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Excel with this A-Z Microsoft Excel Course. Microsoft Excel 2010,2013, 2016, Excel 2019 and Office 365

4. Programming Language

Course : Python for Everybody

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Learn to Program and analyse Data with Python. Develop Programs to gather, clean, analyze and visualize data.

5. Digital Marketing

Course : The Ultimate Digital Marketing Course 2021 : 11 courses in 1

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Learn market research, website creation, copywriting, SEO, Google ads, Facebook ads, email marketing, Twitter ads and more.

6. UX Design

Course : Google UX Design Professional Certificate.

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This is your path to career in UX Design. In this program, you will learn in demand skills that will have you job ready in less than 6 months.

7. HTML and CSS

Course : HTML and CSS

From : Codecademy

Always wandered how those perfect websites were created? Join a community of millions of students in taking this free web development course. It’s beginner friendly and will ensure that you learn the basics in only around 12 lessons!!

8. Web Development and Marketing

Course : Diploma in Web Development and Marketing

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Further, enhance engagement with your social media pages after taking this 15 – hour course! That’s not it! Also, learn to build a website from scratch and the most effective strategies to earn money by web marketing.

9. Writing

Couse : Secret Sauce of Great Writing

From : Udemy

Writing flawlessly can give just as much of a kick as some exquisitely made sauce. Learn to perfect all the ingredients which go into mastering perfect writing. Figure out areas for improvement and upgrade your writing skills to better than ever before!

10. SEO

Course : SEO for SEO Beginners

From : Udemy

You have been seeing this term everywhere, haven’t you? Well, learn all about it with this highly recommended course. Search Engine Optimization is a skill that is indispensable in today’s digital world. So, grow your niche and command it too!

ARUNIMA SINHA

Arunima Sinha was born on 20 July 1989 in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. She is the World’s first female amputee to scale Mount Everest, Mount Kilimanjaro (Tanzania), Mount Elbrus (Russia), Mount Kosciusko (Australia), Mount Aconcagua (South America), Carstensz Pyramid (Indonesia) and Mount Vinson, she is additionally seven time Indian volleyball player.

EARLY LIFE AND TRAIN ACCIDENT

Arunima preferred football and furthermore was a public volleyball player. She needed to join paramilitary powers. Be that as it may, when she was going to Delhi in a train a few burglars entered in train mentor to take her pack and gold chain. She had a go at opposing yet they pushed her out of the train and fell on the track. She attempted to get up yet couldn’t and afterward the train run over her leg.

She was raced to the clinic with genuine leg and pelvic wounds and lost her leg after specialists removed it to save her life.

She was offered remuneration of ₹25,000 (US$350) by the Indian Sports Ministry. Following public shock, the Minister of State for Youth Affairs and Sports Ajay Maken declared an extra ₹200,000 (US$2,800) remuneration as clinical help, along with a suggestion for a task in the CISF. The Indian Railways additionally extended to her an employment opportunity.

On 18 April 2011, she was brought to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences for additional therapy, going through four months at the Institute. She was given a prosthetic leg liberated from cost by a private Delhi-based Indian organization.

MOUNT EVEREST ASCENT

While as yet being treated in the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, she set out to climb Mount Everest. She was propelled by cricketer Yuvraj Singh (who had effectively struggled malignant growth) and other TV programs, “to accomplish something” with her life. She dominated in the essential mountaineering course from the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering, Uttarkashi, and was urged by her mom to ascend Everest. She climbed Mount Everest with a prosthetic leg, which was orchestrated by raising assets with the assistance of a master of Ramakrishna Mission, Vadodara.

She reached Bachendri Pal. When she met Pal and Arunima disclosed to her story to her, Bachendri Pal said to Arunima “My youngster You chose to climb Mount Everest in these circumstances with Prosthetic (Artificial) leg. You had climbed, accomplished Mount Everest my youngster now the date is staying to the World to know”.

Furthermore, after that Arunima join essential mountaineering course from Nehru Institute of Mountaineering and TATA Steel Adventure (TSAF) in Uttarkashi (India) and she was energized or roused by her senior sibling Omprakash to ascend Mount Everest.

Sinha climbed Island Peak (6150 meters) in 2012 as groundwork for her rising of Everest.

Sinha and Susan Mahout, a USAF educator, who had together climbed Mount Chaser Sangria (6,622 meters or 21,726 feet) in 2012 under the direction of Hendrick Pal began their rising of Mount Everest.

After a hard work of 17 hours, Sinha arrived at the highest point of Mount Everest at 10:55 am on 21 May 2013, as a component of the Tata Group-supported Eco Everest Expedition,becoming the primary female amputee to scale Everest. She required 52 days to arrive at the highest point. She composed a little message saying thanks to the Almighty on an enveloped fabric and squeezed it by the snow. Relating the occurrence, she said:

It was my recognition for Shankara Bhagawan, and Swami Vivekananda who has been a motivation for the duration of my life.

The Chief clergyman said that Sinha had made history, because of her persistent effort and assurance, by climbing Mount Everest. She was complimented by the Indian Sports Minister Jitendra Singh on her accomplishment.

Arunima Sinha is presently devoted towards social government assistance and needs to open a free games foundation for poor people and distinctively abled individuals. She is giving every one of the monetary guides she is overcoming grants and courses for a similar reason. The foundation would be named Shaheed Chandra Shekhar Vikalang Khel Academy.

She composed the 2014 book Born Again on The Mountain.

She is a motivation to every one of the ladies and individuals with handicap. She demonstrated that one requires difficult work and energy to achieve objective. She has a solid resolve which caused her to achieve her objective even get-togethers around her pity her. She genuinely demonstrated that “the sky is the limit”.

The 80/20 Principle (or) Pareto Principle

In this article I am going to tell you about some of the things I read in The 80-20 policy book and learned from it. Let’s start reading the article without wasting time.

Book Name : The 80/20 Principle

Author Name : Richard Koch

Year of Publication : 1999

Vilfredo Pareto was an Italian economist. He was studying Wealth Distribution and Income Generation about England in 1897. What he discovered while studying about it was that just over 20% of the population in the England owns 80% of the wealth. After discovering this, Pareto started studying a lot about it.

What he learned then was that this 80/20 principle was consistent across all time periods and in all countries. Looking deeper into this research, this principle is not only relevant to wealth. He discovered in a lot of other things it is related. He realized that 80% of the peas in his garden were only available from 20% of the plants. 

Today we call this principle the 80/20 principle or the Pareto principle. We can apply this principle in all aspects of our lives such as business, health, study, relationship.

What this principle says is that 80% of the results we get are from the 20% of actions we take. In general, what we think is that we get a lot of results only if we do a lot of actions. But according to research it is wrong. Some good actions that we do give us 80% results. After discovering this principle, a lot of people researched whether it is compatible in all respects. In many respects this principle was then in perfect agreement.

Examples :

1. 20% of criminals are reason for 80% of crimes

2. 20% of drivers are reason for 80% of accidents

3. 20% of married couples are reason for 80% of divorce

4. 20% of roads are reason for 80% of traffic

5. 20% of clothes are wore by us for 80%

6. 20% of lands are reason for 80% of minerals

7. 20% of clouds are reason for 80% of rain

8. 20% of actors are reason for 80% of public attention

9. 20% of scientists are reason for 80% of inventions

10. 20% of book writers are reason for 80% of book sales.

How do we apply this 80/20 principle?

 This principle does not teach us not to work. It teaches us to focus on the things that give us the most results.

1. The 80/20 Principle For Business

This principle was used extensively for business. Only then did they begin to apply this principle in all things. Business start-ups waste 80% of their time focusing on things they don’t need. For example, things like how the company logo should look like and how the website should look. All of these things are important. But these things alone do not impress people. First and foremost our ambition is to focus on developing the company’s products and services. Only then should we focus on other things like marketing and sales. Business people need to remember one important thing. Only 20% of our customers give us 80% profit. Similarly, only 20% of customers are 80% compliant. If we focus on these two types of 20% customers we will get 80% winning results. 

2. The 80/20 Principle For Social Life and Happiness

Some of us will think. That we would be better off if we had a lot of friends. So let’s start spending time with a lot of friends. But all this is perfectly understandable. That we have wasted a lot of time. Thus we would not have focused on our important things. Whatever our mind set is, it would be better if we had more. But according to this principle 80% of Happiness and Fulfillment we get only from 20% of friends. So instead of spending time with a lot of friends, spend time with the 20% of friends that suit you. Focus on other things as well.

3. The 80/20 Principle For Studying

For example, suppose you have two friends. The first friend is studying from morning till night. The second friend just reads for 3-4 hours. But when it comes to results, only the second friend will get good results. Because the second friend is unknowingly following the 80/20 principle. He is following two things and using the 80/20 principle. What they are,

* Deciding what to read *

The first friend thinks he should read everything. Doing so will prevent him from remembering exactly what he reads. But the second friend will read the important ones first and read the rest if there is time left.

 * Deciding what time to read *

Humans cannot focus too much time on the same work. But since the first friend was studying from morning till night there is a lot of distraction during the break. Thus no matter how long he studies it will not be a quality study. The second friend reads only from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Focused on things that give freshness like walking while taking a break. Thus he can read with full attention without any distractions while reading.

Similarly, find that 20% in your work which gives you results. It gives double results in less time. Then you can use the rest of the time for other important work.

Did Caste Reservations Is Good Or Bad … ?

Hello everybody, In order to end caste discrimination from the country, the government introduced the policy of caste reservation after independence. And this has been quite a controversial issue. People debate on this issue a lot but very few have sought answers as to whether caste reservations have actually been effective in changing and improving the lives of SCs and STs and in decreasing caste discrimination. Specifically, we will look at the impact of reservation in three different areas; public education institutes, government jobs and political representation. Outputs vs Outcomes Before talking about the impact of caste reservation, I would like to explain this basic difference to you. What is the difference between output and outcome? It is important for you to understand this so that you can understand the content of this video going forward. These two words sound similar but there is a big difference between the two. 

Let’s take the example of Swacch Bharat Abhiyan. What was the target outcome of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan? What did the scheme actually intended to achieve? Make India Open Defecation free! Make it clean, increase sanitation in the country and decrease the number of diseases that occur due to lack of cleanliness. But how will Swachh Bharat Abhiyan achieve its outcome? It will be through outputs. The output of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was to construct toilets. Outputs tell us how effectively a policy has been implemented and on the other hand outcomes tell us the impact of implementing the policy. It is easy for governments to ask for votes in the name of outputs. 

This is the reason governments want to focus more on outputs. with claims like- Look how many toilets we have constructed…look how many free cycles we have distributed to girls. But in reality if we really want to develop our nation then we should focus on the outcomes. Did building more toilets result in the nation becoming cleaner? Did dirtiness in the county actually lessen? Did distributing cycles to girls result in them being more educated? Similarly, when we talk about the impact of caste reservation in this video, we will first look at the output -whether caste reservation has resulted in larger representation of lower caste in colleges (which is an output) Thereafter we will look at the outcome whether lower caste people got better job opportunities? Have their lives improved? Have their incomes risen? And has caste discrimination decreased in society? Let’s talk about outputs in higher education first. Has reservation resulted in increased representation of the marginal groups in higher educational institutes or not? Article 15 and 16 of the Constitution has given powers to our government to reserve seats in educational institutes and in matters of public employment.
 According to population shares, about 22% seats have been reserved for SCs and STs. So the first question is has reservation resulted in increased representation of the SCs and STs? Yes, it has increased. From 1970 to 1990s, this representation has increased for both the groups and according to the latest higher education survey; this representation has increased further as well. But can we say with utmost guarantee that reservation is the reason behind the increase in representation? It is possible that due to good economic growth in India, SCs and STs have been uplifted more and this is the reason behind the increase in their representation and not reservation. If we want, we can speak of it in probabilities but as told by a researcher, we cannot say with guarantee that reservation only is responsible for it. Despite the increase, we must focus on the fact that the representation share of STs is still lower than their seat reservation number. One of the most common criticisms of reservation is of the creamy layer. According to this theory, the SCs and STs that do get reservations do not belong to some poor family but are in fact from a rich family and because of their reservation, the people belonging to the poorer section from the general category do not get seats.
 Researchers have looked into this as well. They found out that the SCs and STs that do get reservations are better off in their own group but their situation is not better than general category people. The second argument given against reservation in education is that the reserved students have lesser score requirements. This might help them get a seat but after getting into the college, they would struggle and this seat would be wasted. In a research conducted in 215 engineering colleges, it was found that there isn’t any evidence that suggests that reserved students are not able to cope up with the syllabus. Now, let’s talk about public employment. Let’s get to know whether reservation has resulted in the increase in representation of SCs, STs and other marginal groups in Indian bureaucracy or not.

 According to government data, there has been an increase in representation of SCs and STs in government administration. But when we look at this data in detail and divide the government positions in different levels, we see that SCs, STs do have representation but it is mostly in lower positions. For example, their representation is near their representation quota only in group C and group D category. SCs have higher representation in group D positions because many of these people are “Safai Karamcharis” (sanitation workers) In fact, almost 40% Safai Karamcharis belong to the scheduled castes. A common criticism against reservation in government jobs as well is of the creamy layer. A researcher investigated the same but found no evidence to support this creamy layer theory. One more argument that is quoted against reservation in government jobs is that if people from the marginal groups enter governance then the effectiveness of governance will be compromised. 
But researchers did not find any evidence regarding this as well. Two researchers conducted a very interesting study to investigate this. They considered the data of Indian railways from 1980 to 2002 and studied 15 lakh railway employees. They wanted to see if reservation affected the productivity of the Indian railways in a negative manner. After analyzing, they found no such evidence suggesting that the efficiency of the railways were decreasing due to reserved employees. In fact, in some cases, they found out that the efficiency increased due to the reserved employees. Reservation has resulted in increased representation of disadvantaged groups in public administration and higher education institutes but what has been its impact in their lives? Let’s get to know about that.
 According to research, overall it has had a positive impact in their lives but there is a lot of room for improvement even now. For example, a research highlighted that post reservation in government jobs, the representation of SCs and STs in salaried jobs increased by 5%. Another study highlighted that reservation in government jobs has resulted in boosting the morale of OBC students and they started studying more. Due to reservation, on an average, a student started studying for 0.8 years more. If we talk about reservation in political seats then we see a mixed impact. According to one study, reservation in gram panchayat has resulted in decrease in poverty amongst the STs but a similar impact was not seen in SCs Another paper showed that reservation in politics has not only resulted in more jobs for SCs and STs but government schemes have also started targeting them more. Another study tried investigating the impact of quotas in panchayat elections. 
They found out that because of these quotas the people from the disadvantaged groups get more aid from the MNREGA scheme and there is improvement in their roads, water and education as well. Another study that was conducted in Rajasthan found that when a SC sarpanch is elected then the entire community benefits in many ways. If you look at all these studies then you feel like that reservation is quite a good policy tool resulting in so many positive changes. But we should also remember that reservation cannot change everything. The same researchers also said that despite a SC Sarpanch, the relationship between different castes did not change much within the village. And we have seen many such examples that reservation wouldn’t necessarily result in changing the undercurrent of the society. Recently, we saw a report where a SC panchayat President had to sit on the floor because of her caste in Tamil Nadu. 
“The woman panchayat leader there has not been allowed to sit on a chair. She was sitting on the floor and she also alleged that she was also not allowed to hoist the flag.” Many researchers have even talked about the same as well that including quotas in political representations do not guarantee benefit to marginal communities. A researcher said that to win any panchayat election, a leader needs support from different social groups and this is the reason that many times they would not take such a decision that will only help their group. Despite these benefits of reservations, there is a huge gap between lower caste and upper caste people today. Data from 2011 shows that a Brahman adult on an average acquires 5.6 years of more education over the course of his lifetime as compared to a scheduled tribe adult. This map is from 1954. This shows how people reside on the basis of caste in the country. 
Even after 6 decades, there isn’t a huge change in it. This table shows you a comparison of average income, assets and education level across different caste groups. You can easily see that forward caste members compared to the rest of population are quite ahead in every aspect. All these data proves that only caste reservation is not enough to solve the problem of caste discrimination in our country. And this is not just my opinion. DR. B R Ambedkar opined the same in his book Annihilation of Caste. Greater social integration simply means that people from different castes live together in every aspect of life. Not just lie in the same societies but also participate in similar activities and inter caste marriages also rise. We gave a great example of the same in the last video that how researchers conducted an experiment where they organised a cricket tournament. 
They observed that the teams which had members from different caste had greater sense of friendship which does not happen when all the players in a cricket team belong to similar caste. Actually schools are one of the best social settings to enhance this integration. According to another research experiment conducted in Delhi schools found out that the classes where poor and rich kids mingle, the rich kids discriminate lesser and they interact more with poor kids. And if such interactions happen more is school and colleges then inter-caste marriages will automatically rise in the country consequently resulting in decrease in discrimination. Another research found out that if women in the country are given the independence to choose their husbands while marrying, 20% of such cases are inter-caste marriage. But in reality, in the entire country only 6% marriages are inter-caste marriages. 
So an interesting connection can be seen here that how giving the right to choose to women i.e women empowerment increases inter caste marriage and also results in reduction in caste discrimination. This is the reason that some governments have tried promoting the same. Recently, Odisha government has announced a scheme to incentivise social harmony They launched a Sumangal portal to increase inter-caste marriages in the state. But this is not just the job of the government alone. Here, the Police and judiciary too need to take swift action in cases of discrimination. Prevention of Atrocities Act, 1955 tries to protect SCs and STs from discrimination. But the evidence that has come to the front suggests the provisions of act have been barely utilised. The conviction rate is quite low and the backlogs are quite high in such cases. There was a study conducted of 100 such cases in Andhra Pradesh in 2002-03. The study found out that the Police usually does not register such cases or pressurise lower caste individuals to compromise and the accused doesn’t get arrested here. 
Another good example of improving the system is to not only provide reservation for seats but also offer free coaching to marginalized groups. One such scheme was launched by the Ministry of Social Justice in 2016 where SCs and OBCs were offered free coaching for UPSC, NEET and JEE exam. It was reported that more than 10 percent of students who availed the benefits of this scheme cracked these exams. So these are some solutions/suggestions to improve the reservation system in order to further reduce the caste discrimination in our country and equality flourishes. Some people would argue that reservation is actually against equality because the hard work put in by us in order to secure a seat, our options shrink and an undeserved candidate takes our seat away. In my opinion, it is quite a narrow perspective to look at the entire situation here. Imagine, you are competing with one lakh people and you write an exam to get selected on one of the 100 seats. 
Amongst these 100 seats, say 50 seats are reserved. But think about that if you are competing with one lakh people just for 100 sets then how difficult it is in the first place itself. And if the seats are reduced from 100 to 50 then does that make any difference to the difficulty level? But imagine if there were 1000 seats instead of 100 for which one lakh people were competing. 
If 50% were reserved then you would write the exam for 500 seats but otherwise you were writing for 50 seats. It is not right to blame reservation for this problem. If the exam is so competitive and seats are so less then this problem is of our education system. 
Ask the government to build more universities, schools and colleges so that seats can be increased. Or the education system should be overhauled such that people go to other fields and more jobs are available.