The Toil Which Screams For Justice

A Bharat bandh has been called by the Samyukt Kisan Morcha (SKM) on 27th of September from 6 am to 4 pm. The prime reason behind the protests is pressurizing the government in repealing the three farmer laws passed in the September (monsoon session of the Parliament) of last year.
The ruling Congress in Punjab however, has shown its support to the cause of the Farmer’s Union. The national highways, link roads and railway tracks have been blocked and vehicular movement has been prohibited within the bandh’s time frame in Punjab.
In Noida, Barricades were broken by the protestors who reached the Noida Authority Office in sector-6. The farmers were protesting over their demands and the compensation for their lands which was acquired by the Noida Authority.
In Punjab, farmers have protested in 350 places and in Haryana 25 places have been blocked in the Jind district itself.
The protests led to the vehicular disruption in Jharkhand where the supporters blocked the highways.
Similar demonstrations have been witnessed in Jammu demanding the laws to be repealed. The protest was led by CPI(M) leader MY Tarigami who sat on a dharma and took out a rally. Thereby, blocking the road.
Chaos was witnessed in many parts. In Jalandhar for example, Army vehicles were stopped by the protestors and said that the jawans should support them in their protest. In Bengaluru, on the other hand, a protestor ran his car over the DCP(Deputy Commisioner of Police)and was arrested.
However, states like Arunachal Pradesh and Maharashtra remained unaffected
The BKU leader Rajesh Tikait spoke about how Yogi Adityanath had promised in the manifesto to increase the price of the of sugarcane to Rs 375-450 but ended up being increased by mere Rs 25 and therefore asked for the accountability of the losses faced. However, he also mentioned the Bandh to be successful and the main reason for the protest to talk with the government which is not happening.

Let’s Rewind

What were the farm laws of 2020?

•The Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill, 2020
•The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement of Price Assurance
• Farm Services Bill, 2020, and The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Bill, 2020

Why were they resented?

The provisions of the new farm law intends to help the marginalized farmers who lack the means to bargain or invest in technology for their farms.
The provision of the act of Agri Market is one of the key reasons for the current protests. It mentions that the farmers can sell their produce to whoever they want, outside than the APMC mandi but however it may lead the commission agents to be deprived of their mandi fees. Better prices were also promised through cost cutting on transportation and competition.

The law on contract farming seeks to help the marginal farmers by the provision which states that the farmers can enter into contract with agri business firms on pre agreed prices of their produce. This will shift the market unpredictability from the farmer to the sponsor.

Why are the farmers resenting the laws?

Firstly, they fear that the companies may change the terms of the agreement and they will have to suffer loses for the crops. The primary fear is the dismantling of the Minimum Support Price (MSP) system.
Secondly, the farmers fear that selling the produce to WHOEVER they want might not provide them with an assured price. The disbanding of the mandi system and the losses of the arthiyas(commission agent who provides farmers with loans) is indeed a fact to be feared of.

What are the farmers demanding?

The farmers are demanding the withdrawal of the three laws which is putting a question on the further existence of the MSP system. The farmer unions are also ready to accept if the MSP is legally assured to stay prevalent.

What is the root of the protest?

It is the system of Minimum Support Price which is prevalent in India. MSP is the minimum price provided by the government to the farmers on buying on their produce. The MSP is decided by the the state-run Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) which consists of 23 commodities which it procures.
The Food Corporation of India on the other hand largely procures only wheat and paddy which it sells to the poor at a subsidized price.

World Rivers Day

26th September 2021

World Rivers Day is celebrated on the fourth Sunday of September every year to increase public awareness about rivers and to encourage their conservation. The day celebrates Earth’s waterways, in which over 60 countries participate every year.Today, rivers face an enormous challenge posed by humans due to climate change, rapid urbanisation.

History of World Rivers Day

In 2005, Mark Angelo, an internationally-celebrated river conservationist, approached the United Nations during its Water for Life campaign — a decade-long initiative to raise awareness about threatened water resources across the planet. Angelo advocated for an annual World Rivers Day to help anchor the campaign.World Rivers Day was seen by agencies of the United Nations as a good bet for the aims of the World for Life decade and other proposals.

The first World Rivers Day was celebrated in over a dozen countries. Now, the annual event is marked by celebrations in more than 60 countries, and the participation of millions of people.

Importance of rivers

Rivers form an integral part of the environment. However, rapid urbanisation, industrialisation, and an increasing human population have caused tremendous damage to rivers. Also, there are many communities whose survival, livelihood depend on rivers.

Who is Mark Angelo?

Mark Angelo is a world renowned river conservation activist. He hails from Burnaby, British Columbia, in Canada. Angelo is the founder and Chair of BC Rivers Day and World Rivers Day. He is also Chair Emeritus of the Rivers Institute at the British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT). Angelo has travelled close to 1,000 rivers around the world, perhaps more than anyone else in the world. His programme, ‘Riverworld’, was a hit in North America and the show’s website had more than 40 million visits. Mark has won numerous awards for his contribution towards the conservation of rivers. He received the Order of British Columbia and Order of Canada, which is the highest honour in Canada. He has also won the United Nation’s Stewardship Award and the National River Conservation Award. According to Mark Angelo, “Rivers are the arteries of our planet; they are lifelines in the truest sense”.

Can the Ancient Remedy of Badam, Mishri and Saunf Improve eye Health?

Ayurveda has some of the best keep secrets that can miraculously improve day-to-day health conditions. One such age old remedy to improve the deteriorating vision is a mixture of three simple ingredients such as saunf, mishri and badam. The internet is flooded with claims about this natural remedy, let’s find out the truth behind the tall claims.

Causes of slackening eye health?

Blame it on sedentary lifestyle, heredity, long hours of screen exposure, excessive mobile screen time or lack of nutritious diet. Resulting in myopia and hyperopia. however, according to experts the amalgamation of fennel, almond and rock candy can naturally boost eye health and improve vision. In fact, some people believe that a regular intake of this mixture not only improve eye vision, but also help in removing eyeglasses permanently.

Is the Badam, Mishri and Saunf mixture actually good for eyes?

Almonds are packed with the goodness of vitamin E and Omega 3 Fatty acids, which are great for eye health and boosting immunity. The amalgamation of Almonds with Saunf makes it great for eye health as Fennel seeds have potent medicinal benefits that can improve vision and reduce the progression of Cataract and Glaucoma.In fact, in Ayurveda Fennel seeds are also known as ‘NetraJyoti’ for their potent antioxidant properties that improve vision and help in curing as well as preventing several eye ailments.Combining this mixture with milk and drinking it at bedtime can not only improve eye health, but will also help in cell regeneration, strengthen bones, boost brain functioning and heal the damage caused due to oxidative stress.Apart from that this mixture with milk also helps in improving brain fog, Amnesia and helps in reducing stress and improves immunity and metabolism. Drinking it at bed time can also help in inducing sleep due to the presence of Tryptophan in milk that relaxes the nerves.

How to make this mixture?

There are several ways to enjoy this delicious mixture, you can either make a coarse mixture and enjoy it post meal or consume it with a glass of milk at bed time. Experts believe that the drink can help in improving eye health in just a few months.To make this mixture, take 100 grams of raw fennel, 100 grams of Dhaga mishri, 100 grams of almonds, grind them and make a smooth powder. Mix it with a glass of milk or herbal tea to reap its benefits.Make sure you don’t consume more than 10 grams of this mixture in a day. However, if you are suffering from severe health conditions, always consult your doctor before introducing a new remedy to your diet.

What experts say?

According to Dr. Shabnam Mir – consultant physician, and head of clinical services at Antara, “Fennel seeds and Almonds can help improve one’s eyesight. Combined with Mishri it becomes a combination, also known as magic potion, that is extensively remedial to the eye and good to taste. It is generally suggested to take 10 gms of this mixture with 250 ml of milk, avoid water for two hours post consumption, and give half the quantity if it’s for a minor.”

WHO tightens global air quality norms

The World Health Organisation (WHO) in its first ever update since 2005, has tightened global air pollution standards in recognition of the emerging sience in the past decade that the impact of air pollution on health is much more serious than earlier envisaged.

The move doesn’t have an immediate effect in India as the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) do not meet the WHO’s existing standards. The Government has a dedicated National Clean Air Programme that aims for a 20% to 30% reduction in particulate matter concentrations by 2024 in 122 cities, keeping 2017 as the base year for the comparison of concentration. However, experts say the WHO move sets the stage for eventual shifts in policy in the government towards evolving newer stricter standards.

The upper limit o annual PM2.5 as per the 2005 standards, which is what countries now follow, is 10 micro-gram per cubic metre. That has now been revised to five micro-gram per cubic metre. The 24-hour ceiling used to be 25 micro-gram but has now dropped to 15. The upper limit of PM10, or particulate matter of size exceeding 10 micro-gram, is 20 micro-gram and has now been revised to 15, whereas the 24-hour value has been revised from 50 to 45 micro-gram. India’s NAAQs- last year revised in 2009- specify an annual limit of 60 micro-gram per cubic metre for PM10 and 100 for a 24-hour period.

	WHO (2005)	WHO (UPDATED)	India (NAAQs)
PM2.5 annual mean	10	5	40
PM2.5 24-hour mean	25	15	60
PM10 annual mean	20	15	60
PM10 24-hour mean	50	45	100

“WHO’s new Air Quality Guidelines are an evidence based and practical tool for improving the quality of the air on which all life depends. I urge all countries and all those fighting to protect our environment to put them to reduce suffering and save lives,” WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said in a statement.

Every year, exposure to air pollution is estimated to cause 7 million premature deaths and result in loss of millions more healthy years of life.

Big Fat Indian Weddings

The groom riding on the back of a horse, just being the prince charming, this beautiful bride had been waiting for, since she was nine, hundreds of people dancing, singing, celebrating, some other busy hosting more than a thousand people and the guests just rejecting every good thing. Rings a bell? Yes! That is what a Big Fat Indian Wedding Is! Will this showing off business take us anywhere? Why can’t we just have a wedding to satisfy ourselves rather than some strangers? The tradition of BIG FAT WEDDING has been in India for as long as humans have existed on earth and even a slightest change is considered crime in the eyes of the envoys of these traditions. With fair variety of food amounts taking space in the rented marriage halls as deemed necessary and appropriate measure of the respect they give to their guest has to be toxic at another level.

Hidden Ills

These high budgeted, well planned, stretching for over a week weddings could be fun for people who can afford it but for those who are to take loans just to satisfy the people (of half of whom doesn’t even matter to them), is something that definitely catches the eye. The issue with these weddings is that their sole purpose is not the happiness and contentedness of the bride and the groom but of the people who does not even knew the couple existed until before their wedding day. The show business is something that is worrisome to people who intend on getting married with lesser crowds and obviously lesser money. Because when these people do not follow the lead of burning millions in food, drinks, lodging, entertainment, for the people they hardly know, they are termed as misers, or even sometimes questioned if they are happy for their own wedding. The glorification of picture perfect wedding, the one where bride has at least one Sabyasachi or Manish Malhotra, groom gets a diamond ring for the engagement, there are as many as thousand shaguns given to all the guests, the hotels are no less than five stars, magnificent wedding sets inspired from dharma movies and only some 10-15 years worth savings going away with each step, is doing the harms it can in all the directions.

Picture Credits: WeddingWire.in
http://shorturl.at/noLQW

The amount to be spent on the wedding which was once one’s own choice today has become not only the status symbol but also a way of getting much craved respect from far away relatives. The amount that is spent has gone so high that people are compelled to give up all their savings along with loans burden on their heads. Everything becoming expensive day-by-day, the total cost can range anything from 20 lakhs to 5 crores, which also happens to be some family’s total savings or at least half of it. From decor to events to catering to photography with list adding on, the wealth drains with every event until it’s over. 80% people take loans for the wedding expenses. Reliance Money has stated that “An Indian wedding is generally a three-day affair with different ceremonies and rituals lined up. Each ceremony requires its own set of apparel, set-up, and materials. The average cost of a single ceremony may range between 6 to 10 lakhs.” Could we even think that these weddings are nothing more than wastage of money in its most prime way?

Refined Way

as the younger generation is getting married with their own money and not with their families taking loans, there has been a change in the way the weddings are being planned out. They marry on their own terms and more specifically in their own budgets. These new couples of 21^st century aren’t the ones who spend money to impress some strangers but the ones who plan and spend as their own needs. The court marriages have emerged as a new trend with only the couple and parents saving the money and mostly donating it. With covid hitting the world and restricting the number of people in weddings in India, people have been inviting guests that are close to them. Now weddings are turning into more of a private affair than a public one, with only limited guests and less spending, there by moving forward in the right direction of curbing the ills of BIG FAT INDIAN WEDDING.

Reference: https://www.reliancemoney.co.in/getting-married-in-india-what-does-an-average-wedding-cost

Top Five Side Hustle For Student

How to earn money while your student?

Yes, you can earn up to $500 a day for your work. In fact ,many students would be wonder if it’s even possible .To get started, here are five verified side hustles.

1)SELLING COURSES AND EBOOOKS

WISE PEOPLE ARE HUNGRY FOR EDUCATION.DON’T BE AFRAID TO SHARE WHAT YOU KNOW

You can earn cash for the courses, eBooks on the online. As the world is developing with mobile phones, desktop you can built a course, eBooks in online and sell it through many websites. The selling courses may helping hand in financially and mastery in the field. If you are beginner , fell free to learn and acquire knowledge from online websites which may help you make extra money. Selling online course can be moneymaking if you’re skilled to handover great content and built traffic. With the online platform , you can vend your course and start making money right away.

Here are some tips to write for selling :

Choose a topic wisely
Be a learner and researcher on the topic
prepare the key phrase
Develop SEO knowledge.

2)BECOME A ONLINE TUTOR:

Some of us have hobbies to teach anything in the simple way. This hobby may help in the online world to make some money. Tutoring isn’t only a good paying side hustle for students, it can also bonus for full-time professions. Being tutoring may boost your knowledge , confidence and productivity. Many expects are using tutoring as the side income. Many of us have knowledge in some particular field but we are not sharing or tutoring to others .If you have knowledge in the particular field fell free to learn and master it. Online tutoring is one of the profitable business. It can improve learning outcome.

Here are few steps to guide to become an online tutor:

Choose your knowledgeable topic
Choose some online platform
Join e-learning platform
Place the course model.

3)RUN PAGES ON INSTAGRAM

Many student are having Instagram pages but there are some students earning money by using Instagram Business page. Recent survey shows that eighty percent of student are using Instagram only for entertainment. So be wise with online world whether you are time passer or money maker.

BE SMART, WORK SMART

Here are some maitaining strategy to build instagram pages

Organize your content strategy
Use popular Hashtags
Connect with influencers
Be a motivator, activist

4)START ONLINE STORE

The most valuable things in the world is process of selling anything. You can start your selling through online or offline. There are many online selling platform which useful for you.

SELL THE PROBLEM TO SOLVE NOT THE PROCESS

Here are some simlpe steps to start online store :

choose a idiomatic Name
Make website address to sell online
Use an e-commerce platform
Spread the website
Proceed your special selling proposition

5) INVEST IN STOCK MARKET

BUY LOW, SELL HIGH

According to the recent survey , only three percent of Indian population are investing in the stock market. The stock market is the only and easy way to build wealth. Many is the only and easy way to build wealth. Many student are think that stock marker is the rich’s game. But in reality, even hundred rupees is enough to earn money in the stock market. It is safe to invest in stock market , however as an investor, one must research and plan accordingly.

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Here are some ways to earn money in stock market

Learn stock trading
Do research on the stock or company \
Be patience
Learn everyday
Never play with money with emotions influence.

Gambling laws in India

Introduction

Gambling is defined as betting, gaming, or participating in an activity that is based on luck not on the skills to win a huge amount of money or any other prize by wagering some amount of money. To control gambling across the country legislation was passed in the year 1867, the Public Gaming Act of 1867, and is the most important legislation that regulates gambling in India.

Under the gambling legislation, the meaning of the act of wagering or betting for money or money worth is understood in the 2006 “jay video games and electrical v. State of Gujarat’’ case.

So here we discussed about the gambling, why it has become a more sensible topic in India and other countries, how it has come in scenario where their strict laws are must needed, why gaming skills are excluded from gambling or why Indian law classifies the games into two broad categories i.e. game of chance and game of skills. What are those games where gambling is not a big deal?

Legality

As per the status of the legality of Gambling in India, there is no unified law regarding any activities of gambling as it comes under the State list of the 7th schedule of the Constitution. So the gambling is a state subject, so the state has only the rights to regulate the law for the gambling activities in their respective territory. The state legislatures, under the Constitution of India, have been entrusted with significant regulatory flexibility to form state-specific gambling laws.

The Gambling Act is the central enactment that has been adopted by certain states in India and other states have enacted their own legislation to regulate and govern gambling activities within their territory. So some states have allowed or some have banned gambling in their state. For example, casinos are banned in the other states except for Sikkim, Goa and Daman.

As per Section 12 of the Public Gaming Act 1867, any game of mere skill will not be treated as gambling, but games of chances will be treated as gambling.

The Public Gambling Act of 1867 is a central law that prohibits running or being in charge of a public gambling house. The penalty for breach of this law is a fine of Rs. 200 or imprisonment of up to 3 months. Additionally, this Act prohibits visiting gambling houses. A fine of Rs.100 or imprisonment of up to one month is the penalty.

There is always a doubt regarding which games are covered under gambling because poker in India has very unclear significance in Indian law because it could never figure out whether it is a game of skills or a game of chance. It’s very interesting that games, such as wagering on cricket, are prohibited and while Rummy is permitted as observed by the court under Mahalakshmi Cultural Association v. The Director, Inspector General of Police, State of Tamil Nadu in 2012. Gone are the times of Matka betting and the preferences in India. These days, you can just wager on a couple of sports, that too in some states. As of now, betting on horse racing, online poker in states like Goa and Sikkim, online rummy, lottery, and a couple of gambling clubs are legal in India in accordance with the case of K .R Lakshmanan v. state of Tamil Nadu in 1996.

Not only wagering on games is illegal, visiting or working in those places is also unlawful or illegal under section 4 of the Public Gaming Act. It is likewise unlawful to visit such a place. The main problem is that the exact meaning of betting is not adequate in the legislation. As per the Act, it states Gaming as betting or wagering of money on a game which is a game of chance and not of skill except Horse Racing.

Laws on online-based betting

In the Public Gaming Act of,1867 there were no provisions related to online-based betting. There is in addition to this Act another act that could be considered to identify with web-based wagering and gaming i.e. The Information Technology Act of 2000. From this Act, it is very easy to identify the offences with online gambling and gives the government ability to check and search if required. However, this Act also does not mention online-based gambling like Public Gaming Act, 1867 does.

The laws for online gambling are enacted by several states also like Sikkim. The state of Sikkim enacted the Sikkim Online Gambling (Regulation) Act,2008, which was passed on 28th June 2008 by the Sikkim Legislative Assembly with the object of controlling and regulating through electronic and non-electronic ways in online gaming. And imposes Tax also on online gaming within its territory.

Game of chance or game of skills

Gambling is understood both under its traditional form as well as modern avatar. The traditional gambling is understood in the context of physical space, brick and mortar format, whereas modern gambling consists of computers connected offline or online, mobile phones, internet, etc. the Gambling legislations exclude the “game of skills” from the statute of gambling and hence doesn’t attract the penal provisions.

A game of chance is a game where the result is leveraged by a random number creator in which the participant may choose to bet money for that result. While in a game of skill, A person bet on the result which comes out of the skills of person or person requires them to have a degree of mental expertise to succeed, for example, Betting on Horse racing. However, in games like Poker and Rummy, many times the courts got confused about whether these are Game of Chance or Game of Skill.

Penalties

Under the Public Gaming Act,1867 any person is found playing games for money, wager, stake or something else with cards, dice, counters, shall be liable to imprisonment for any term not exceeding one month and fine not exceeding one hundred rupees. As per the section 45 of the Indian Penal code 1860.

Any person found in such gaming rooms during any gaming or playing there shall be presumed, until proven, to have been there for gaming purposes.

Conclusion

Whereas there are various legislations in India, even every state has its own legislation for gambling as legal and regulated in the most appropriate ways. There is a need for a section or portion which would provide which type of gambling is legal and which is not. Apart from this, there is a need for central laws for online Gambling, we see that few States like Goa, Sikkim, and Nagaland are the only states that permit online gambling. Also, such a type of thing showed that there are no possible ways to stop or curb. At least something could be done to regulate this.

The Government, being a welfare State, acts in a manner to promote the economic and social well-being of its citizens, and therefore, it is necessary for the State to protect the sensitive sections of the society. About gambling, they can at least form a committee to survey the need for gambling and improvisation on the current legislation based on that survey. Thus, there is a need for aggressiveness to be taken from the side of the executives as well as the parliament to provide such norms which would codify the system of gambling in India.

Crisis in AFGHANISTAN

Now that the US army has pulled out from Afghanistan after spending 20 years there, the Taliban has taken control of almost whole of the country. HISTORY REPEATS ITSELF, and here history is repeating itself for the worst. Politicians have fled from the country leaving their countrymen to die and the civilians are in a state of panic. As Taliban has taken control from all the borders leaving no exit point.

What is Taliban

Taliban is the word for ‘student’ in pashto language. Ironically they have nothing to do with knowledge, at least on humanitarian basis. They emerged from the northern part of Pakistan in the early 1990s, they basically promised peace to the peope an to impose Sharia or islamic law, once in power. In September 1995, they started their rule by capturing Herat and then all the major cities one by one and by 1998, they had captured about 90% of Afghanistan.

They became popular as they finished corruption and lawlessness. They also introduced roads. But at the same time they implemented the Sharia law and gave punishments according to it, like public execution for murderers and adultration, amputating those, who were found guilty of theft. Girls were not allowed to go to school after the age of 10, women had to wear chaadri (burqa, covering whole body) when going out and they had to be accompanied by a man all the time, men too had to grow beard. Cinema, music and television were banned. women were not allowed to work even when their husbands died. Basically all their rights were taken away.

Major terrorist activities by Taliban

On 11 September, 2001 the world trade center was attacked and Taliban was accused of providing safety to Al Qaeda.

Malala Yousafzai was shot by the talibani terrorists as she refused to leave school and continued to study.

Disturbing images have been coming in from airport where people were rushing as their last hope of fleeing from there. It’s very saddening to see politicians leaving their people to die on the streets. Even though talibanis have said that the people need not be scared of anything but can we trust them?? Not really. Several videos have been surfacing on the net of dead bodies littered on roads. People are being dragged out of their houses, specifically those who have in any way helped American forces.
Residents are trying any possible way to get out of there but unfortunately the only exit left at last, the airport in kabul, has been shut off, shutting their last hope for now.

Well, I hope for now at least the citizens will be safe and peace will be restored soon. The Afghanistan of 1960s-70s, where women enjoyed freedom and the country was progressing will be back. Children will play with toys and not guns, knowledge will be used as weapon and not violence.

Project Pegasus: Unfolding The Cyber Spy

Project Pegasus has been in news for quite some time. Project Pegasus is an investigation about the Software Pegasus, in which 16 Media Institutes participated to expose the truth behind Pegasus. India is also one of the country whose name came out during the investigation. So What is Pegasus?

Pegasus is a spying software developed by an Israeli Technology Firm, NSO. According to NSO, the software is used to hack into the phones of their target and keep an eye on their every step. The data collected through this process can be sold to the government of a country and not to any individual or firm.

Pegasus recently became a hot topic not only in India but all around the world. It is not the first time Pegasus has came in news. But why is it highlighted now in India along with the whole world?

Pegasus came in news after an investigation was done by 16 Media institutions from all around the world. This was initiated by a Not Profit Organisation from Paris along with Amnesty International. The project is called Project Pegasus.

Pegasus is known to infect the phone and can capture every single thing around the subject. It takes control over the phone and collects data about every single thing done by the subject. This software can be really useful to track down criminals and can be helpful to stop them. But is it really used for that?

The investigation in Project Pegasus revealed something else. The investigation revealed OVER 50,000 names that were either being tracked or were people of interest for any future assignment. In India, a list of 300 people was released. The list contains names of more than 40 journalists, 3 opposition Leaders, and two serving ministers. Former and Current Head of Security Organisation is also on this list. It is also said that the phone that was registered in the name of a serving Judge of the Supreme Court is also on the list.

There has been no statement by the Indian Government on the issue and this can problematic. It is yet not clear if all the numbers in the list are hacked or not. It is concerning regarding privacy and the fundamentals of democracy.

It can be clearly termed as misuse of power and can have a bad effect on citizens. it is really important to take strict actions against it.

Contract of Bailment and Pledge

Bailment and Pledge are two distinct types of contracts that are frequently misunderstood. Every bailment is a pledge, but not every pledge is a bailment. Bailment refers to the transfer of goods from one person to another for a specific purpose. Pledge, on the other hand, refers to the delivery of goods as security for the payment of a debt or the fulfilment of a promise. As a result, bailment and pledge are two distinct contracts. A pledge is a type of bailment.

Bailment

A bailment is a type of special contract defined in Section 148 of the Indian Contract Act of 1872. It derives from the French word “bailer,” which means “to deliver”. Bailment’s etymological meaning is “handing over” or “change of possession of goods.” By bailment, we mean the delivery of goods from one person to another for a specific purpose with the agreement that they will reimburse the goods upon completion of the purpose or dispose of them as directed by the bailor. The person who delivers the goods is referred to as the bailor. And the person to whom the goods are given is referred to as the Bailee. And the property that has been bailed is known as Bailed Property.

Essentials of Bailment

There shall be a contract between the parties for the delivery of goods,
The goods shall be delivered for a special purpose only,
Bailment can only be done for movable goods and not for immovable goods or money,
There shall be a transfer of possession of goods,
Ownership is not transferred to Bailee, therefore Bailor remains the owner,
Bailee is duty bound to deliver the same goods back and not any other goods.

Exception: The money deposited in the bank shall not account to bailment as the money returned by the bank would not be the same identical notes. And it is one of the essentials of the bailment that same goods are to be delivered back.

Rights of a Bailor

As such Indian Contract Act, 1872 does not provide for Rights of a Bailor. But Rights of a Bailor is same as Duties of the Bailee i.e. Rights of Bailor = Duties of Bailee. So the rights of bailor are:

Enforcement of Bailee’s Duty:Since Right of the bailor is same as the right of the Bailee, therefore on the fulfilment of all duties of Bailee the bailor’s right is accomplished. For example, it is the duty of the Bailee to give the accretions and it is the right of bailor to demand the same.
Right to claim damages: If the Bailee fails to take care of the goods, the bailor has the right to claim damages for such loss. (Section 151)
Right to Termination the Contract: If the Bailee does not comply with the terms of the contract and acts in a negligent manner in such case the bailor has the right to rescind the contract. (Section 153)
Right to claim compensation: If the Bailee uses the goods for an unauthorized purpose or mixes the goods which cause loss of goods in such case bailor has the right to claim compensation.
Right to demand the return of goods: It is the duty of the Bailee to return the goods and the bailor has the right to demand the same.

Rights of a Bailee

Right to recover expenses: In the contract of Bailment, the Bailee incurs expenses to ensure the safety of goods. The Bailee has the right to recover such expenses from the bailor. (Section 158)
Right to remuneration: When the goods are bailed to the Bailee he is entitled to receive certain remuneration for services that he has rendered. But in case of gratuitous bailment, the Bailee is not awarded any remuneration.
Right to recover compensation: At times a situation arises wherein bailor did not have the capacity to contract for bailment. Such a contract causing loss to the Bailee, therefore the Bailee has the right to recover such compensation from the bailor. (Section 168)
Right to Lien: Bailee has the right over Lien. By this, we mean that if the bailor fails to make payment of remuneration or does not pay the amount due, the Bailee has the right to keep the goods bailed in his possession till the time debtor dues are cleared. Lien is of two types: particular lien and general lien. (Section 170-171)
Right to suit against a wrongdoer: After the goods have been bailed and any third party deprives the Bailee of use of such goods, then the Bailee or bailor can bring an action against the third party. (Section 180)

Pledge

Pledges are a type of bailment. Pledge, also known as pawn, is defined in Section 172 of the Indian Contract Act of 1892. By pledge, we mean the bailment of goods as security for the repayment of a debt or advance loan, or the performance of an obligation or promise. Pledger or Pawnor is the person who pledges the goods as security, and Pledgee or Pawnee is the person in whose favour the goods are pledged.

Essentials of Pledge

Because a pledge is a subset of a bailment, all of the essentials of a bailment are also essentials of a pledge. Aside from that, the pledge’s other requirements are as follows:

There shall be a bailment for security against payment or performance of the promise,
The subject matter of pledge is goods,
Goods pledged for shall be in existence,
There shall be the delivery of goods from pledger to pledgee,
There is no transfer of ownership in case of the pledge.

Exception: In exception circumstances pledgee has the right to sell the movable goods or property that are been pledged.

Rights of Pawnor

The Pawnor has the Right to Redeem under Section 177 of the Indian Contract Act of 1872. This means that the Pawnor can redeem the goods or property pledged from the Pawnee before the Pawnee makes the actual sale upon repayment of the debt or performance of the promise. The right to redemption is lost once the Pawnee sells the property in accordance with his rights under Section 176 of the Indian Contract Act of 1872.

Rights of a Pawnee

The rights of the Pawnee as per Indian Contract Act, 1872 are:

Right to keep the items: If the Pawnor fails to pay a debt or fails to perform as promised, the Pawnee has the right to keep the goods given as security. Furthermore, Pawnee can keep items for non-payment of debt interest or non-payment of expenditures incurred. However, Pawnee cannot keep things for any other debt or commitment than the one specified in the contract. (Sections 173–174)
Right to recover extraordinary expenses: The expenses incurred by Pawnee on the preservation of goods pledged can be recovered from Pawnor. (Section 175)
The right of suit to procure debt and sale of pledged goods: On the failure to make repayment to Pawnee of the debt, the Pawnee has two right: either to initiate suit proceedings against him or sell the goods. In the former case, the Pawnee retains the goods with himself as collateral security and initiate the court proceedings. He need not provide any notice of such proceedings to the Pawnor. And in the latter case, the Pawnee can sell the goods after giving due notice of sale to the Pawnor. If the amount received from the sale of goods is less than the amount due then the rest amount can be recovered from Pawnor. And if the Pawnee gets more amount than the due amount then such surplus is to be given back to Pawnor. (Section 176)

Difference between Bailment and Pledge

Basis	Bailment	Pledge
Meaning	Transfer of goods from one person to another for a specific purpose is known as the bailment.	Transfer of goods from one person to another as security for repayment of debt is known as the pledge.
Defined In	It is defined under section 148 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872.	It is defined under section 172 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872.
Parties	The person who delivers the bailed goods is known as Bailor and the person receiving such goods is known as Bailee.	The person who delivers the pledged goods is known as Pledger or Pawnor and the person receiving such goods is known as Pledgee or Pawnee.
Consideration	The consideration may or may not be present.	Consideration is always there.
Right to Sell	Bailee has no right to sell the goods bailed.	Pledgee or Pawnee has the right to sell the goods.
Use of Goods	Bailee can use the goods only for a specific purpose only and not otherwise.	Pledgee or Pawnee cannot use the goods pledged.
Purpose	The purpose of bailed goods is for safekeeping or repairs etc.	The purpose of pledged goods is to act as security for repayment of debt or performance of the promise.

Illustrations

Illustration 1: Mr. A delivers his watch to Mr. B for repair. In this situation, Mr. A is the bailor, Mr. B is the bailee, and the commodities bailed are the watch.

Illustration 2: Harry bailed his bike to David so he could ride to college by himself. David put it to use for racing. David is now responsible for illegal usage of the bailed bike.

Illustration 3: Mr. X entrusted his cat to Mr. Y for a few days. During that time, the cat gave birth to kittens. Mr. Y is now likely to return the cat with the accretions.

Difference Between Fundamental Rights And Directive Principles Of State Policy

Introduction

With 448 Articles, 25 Parts, and 12 Schedules, the Indian Constitution is the world’s longest. It is the ultimate law of the land and controls a variety of sectors, some of which are essential and necessary for the nation’s functioning. The various portions of the Constitution have a specific title under which various legislation pertaining to that subject are listed. Parts III and IV, the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy, are the most visible and discussed sections of the Indian Constitution. Whereas the Fundamental Rights are the rights that all citizens have, the Directive Principles are the mandates that the State must bear in mind when making laws and regulations. Each has a specific function to play, and each is fully described.

However, there may be times when both of these elements are at odds with one another. A circumstance may call for one to be picked over the other, i.e. one to take precedence over the other. In such a scenario, not only is it difficult to select between the two, but the worth of the one not chosen is reduced. It is sometimes stated that Basic Rights, since they are essential, will take precedence over Directive Principles; nevertheless, it is also contended that Directive Principles are fundamental in the sense that they provide the foundation for the operation of the State. To determine their real nature and activities, it is necessary to thoroughly analyse both components and comprehend the points of distinction between the two.

The Fundamental Rights

Individuals’ rights are extremely essential. Rights aid in the formation of personality by providing a person with plausible claims that may be enforced against the State if any of his basic convictions are infringed. The Fundamental Rights envisioned in Part III of the Indian Constitution are the fundamental rights guaranteed to every citizen of the nation, regardless of caste, creed, gender, religion, place of birth, and so on. Articles 12 to 35 of the constitution mention six essential rights:

The Right to Equality, which promotes citizen equality and forbids discrimination on certain grounds.
The Right to Freedom, which enumerates numerous liberties like as freedom of expression, freedom of profession, and so on.
The Right to Religious Freedom, because India is a melting pot of religious groupings, it is critical to protect the interests of religious minorities.
The prohibition against forced labour, child labour, and other kinds of human exploitation is known as the Right Against Exploitation.
Cultural and Educational Rights, because India is a diverse nation with so many cultures and beliefs, so it is essential to preserve the culture of every group.
The Rights to Constitutional Remedies, under which a person can approach the courts of the country if he/she feels that his/her Fundamental Rights have been violated.

These rights further branch out and give us various other fundamental rights, such as the Right to Privacy, the Right to Education, the Right to Life and Personal Liberty etc.

Although the rights are fundamental in nature, they can be taken away in certain situations, for example, if there is a situation of emergency under Articles 358 and 359 of the Constitution. Even then, the Right to Life and Personal Liberty cannot be taken away by the State.

The Directive Principles of State Policy

Articles 36 through 51 of the Constitution include the Directive Principles of State Policy. They were derived from the Irish Constitution, which was derived from the Spanish Constitution. The Directive Principles are rules that the government must follow while developing legislation for the country. They fulfil the notion of a Welfare State, which can only be realised if these Principles are followed in the manner that they are stated. Article 37 of Part IV indicates that, while these principles are not enforceable in any court of law, they are important to the country’s governance and the government has a duty to adopt them when drafting legislation.

Directive Principles of State Policy - (Articles 36-51) - DPSP

In contrast to Fundamental Rights, the Directive Principles are not classified in the Indian Constitution. However, for a better understanding, they are typically divided into three categories: socialist principles, Gandhian principles, and liberal-intellectual ideas.

Articles 38 to 39A, Articles 41 to 43A, and Article 47 are composed of socialistic principles, and they lay down the framework for the development of a democratic socialist state.
Articles 40, 43, 43B, and 46 to 48 include Gandhian principles, which promote the ideology of Mahatma Gandhi during the movement for Independence.
Articles 44, 45, and 48 to 51 are inclined towards the ideas of liberalism and intellectualism. The Uniform Civil Code is also covered under these Articles.

The Directive Principles do advocate for the protection of certain rights, such as the right to equal compensation for equal labour, as well as equality and justice, but they are more rules than rights. They may be classified as the responsibilities of those in charge of governing the country.

Points of Difference Between Fundamental Rights And Directive Principles Of State Policy

Apart from the fact that the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy represent distinct things and are found in various portions and articles of the Constitution, they are fundamentally different in terms of their aims and execution. The following are the relationships between fundamental rights and state policy directive principles:

The Fundamental Rights are open to all Indian people, they represent an individualised attitude. They are the fundamental rights of every individual citizen in the country, and if violated, they can be enforced against another individual or the State. The Directive Principles have a more social stance. They exist for the benefit of the country’s whole population rather than for the benefit of individuals. They have a group mentality.
The scope of Fundamental Rights is essentially limited, because granting limitless rights to the citizens may result in anarchy. They are to be read strictly. But the scope of Directive Principles is limitless. They can be read and interpreted extensively and can give birth to more principles.
Fundamental Rights are negative in nature, which means that they are prohibitions on the State. The State is required from doing certain things that would lead to the violation of an individual’s Fundamental Rights. They are legally enforceable in a court of law of the country. This also implies that Fundamental Rights are of such a nature that they can be violated. Directive Principles, on the other hand, do not possess the characteristic of being violated. They exist as a basis for the laws that are formulated for the country and this implies that they cannot be legally enforced in a court of law of the country. This renders the Directive Principles positive in nature, i.e. the State is obliged to do certain things for the welfare of the country.
Because India is a democratic country, democratic features may be seen in its laws. Both the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles promote the concept of democracy, although they do it in distinct ways. Fundamental Rights spread political democracy, whereas Directive Principles spread social and economic democracy. It is simply due to the fact that the goals of both parties are dissimilar. Furthermore, Fundamental Rights represent individual wellbeing, whereas Directive Principles represent societal and economic benefit.
Adequate legislation is necessary for the execution of Directive Principles. The Directive Principles can only be realised via law. They cannot be implemented automatically and in the language in which they are enshrined in the Constitution. Fundamental Rights, on the other hand, are already enforceable. They do not require any legislation to be enacted. However, this does not mean that there are no consequences for violations of Fundamental Rights. Directive Principles are subject to legal and political sanctions, but Fundamental Rights are also subject to legal consequences.
If a legislation violates the Fundamental Rights, a court might declare that law illegal and void. However, the courts lack the authority to declare any statute that violates a Directive Principle illegal or void. A legislation, on the other hand, can be supported by a court if it gives effect to a Directive Principle.
The Fundamental Rights were given a place of honour by the drafters of the Constitution. They are the fundamental rights granted to all citizens. The Directive Principles are granted permanent status in the Constitution since they serve as the foundation for the country’s legislative activities.
Violation of the Fundamental Rights results in punishment, as per the Indian Penal Code, 1860. These rights can be enforced against the State or against any individual(s). There is no punishment for the violation of Directive Principles.
Fundamental Rights can be suspended during a period of emergency, except the Fundamental Right to Life and Personal Liberty, which cannot be suspended even in an emergency. Directive Principles can never be suspended or restricted, under any circumstance.
The Constitution of India was formulated at a time when a lot of countries had their own constitutions. Thus, many parts of our Constitution have been borrowed from other constitutions. While the Directive Principles have been borrowed from the Irish Constitution, the Fundamental Rights have been borrowed from the Constitution of the United States of America.

Conclusion

The differences between the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy suggest that the aims and objectives of both are different but somewhat similar. Each part of the Constitution compliments another, and so do they. It is necessary to understand the importance of each and apply/use them accordingly. Fundamental Rights are rights in the sense that they are available to the people, and Directive Principles act as duties upon the State, which the State is required to fulfil, even though the Directive Principles incorporate some elements of social and economic rights. Together, they aim at promoting the principles of democracy and welfarism, which can be achieved only when both the parts go hand in hand, without any conflict.

13th August: Left-Handers Day and 10 Interesting Facts about Lefties

Did you know there’s a day dedicated solely to left-handed people? There is, indeed! International Lefthanders Day is observed on August 13th. The purpose of the day is to emphasize the uniqueness of persons who accomplish daily tasks with their left hand. Many well-known people all across the world are left-handed. Former US President Barack Obama is at the top of the list, followed by renowned CEOs like Mark Zuckerberg, Ratan Tata, and Bill Gates. Lady Gaga, Julia Roberts, and Amitabh Bachchan, all well-known stars in the entertainment business, are left-handed. Left-handed people include Walt Disney, Charlie Chaplin, and Albert Einstein.

Photo by ANTHONY SHKRABA production on Pexels.com

Left-handed persons have long been considered and treated as misfits. Left-handed persons in the Middle Ages were afraid of being accused of witchcraft. Many schools in the United States compelled left-handed students to “retrain” their natural proclivities in order to become right-handed as recently as the early twentieth century. Left-handedness was once thought to be caused by slight brain injury during early development, according to scientists. Over time, these misconceptions have been dispelled, and some have even claimed that being left-handed is linked to superior IQ. While the claim is intriguing, medical research yields mixed findings.

Every year on August 13, the International Left-Handers’ Day 2021 is commemorated. It’s a way to honour those who were born left-handed, in contrast to the majority of the population. While we mark this day by calling up our lefty friends and family, let us look into some fun facts about lefties. Here’s a list of ten interesting facts about lefties that distinguish them in a variety of ways.

1. Left-handed people make up a significant portion of the population, accounting for almost 10% to 12% of the global population.

2. The right half of the brain is used more by left-handed people. The human brain is cross-wired, with the right half controlling the left side of the body and the left half controlling the right. As a result, persons who are left-handed use their right side of the brain more than people who are right-handed.

3. Some people are terrified of the left side or those who are left-handed. Sinistrophobia is a phobia that can occur as a result of this illness.

4. According to a study conducted at Queen’s University in Belfast, a foetus which prefers to suck its left hand while in the womb will grow up to be left-handed. Left-handedness is determined in part by genetics.

5. After a stroke, left-handed people recover faster. Our language function is controlled by the left side of the human brain, which is heavily employed by right-handed persons. As a result, strokes on the left side of the body tamper with a right-handed person’s language. Left-handed people, on the other hand, rely less on the left side of the brain. As a result, they can regain their language abilities more quickly after a stroke.

6. In several sports, left-handed people have an advantage. When it comes to sports, they are usually good in one-on-one situations. Left-handed players generally have an advantage over right-handed opponents in sports like baseball, boxing, fencing, and tennis since they are accustomed to competing with right-handed players.

7. Being a left-handed person is considered unnatural in many cultures and countries. Left-handedness is considered impolite in eastern nations such as India and the Middle East. Left-handed children were once required to use their right hands in the United Kingdom as well.

8. Left-handed people have an advantage when it comes to typing. They can type nearly 3,000 English words using only their left hand on a QWERTY keyboard. However, only about 300 words can be typed using just the right hand. The most frequently typed letters are found on the left side of the keyboard.

9. Tasks and memory are handled differently by right and left-handed people. Left-handed people are known for multitasking effectively since they consider the tasks as a whole.

10. While this is still debatable, studies have shown that the majority of artists, including painters, musicians, and even architects, are left-handed.

Impact of Social Media on Youth

In today’s society, we are all witnessing how social media is evolving on a daily basis. The majority of individuals on the planet use social media. This is very popular among the younger generation. Even if you look at statistics, you will find the same scenario. Every day, the popularity of social media grows. The effects of social media on youngsters are also seen in other aspects of our life.

Social Media Trivia: Brush Up Your Knowledge

Here are some statistics that were done on social media.

The average time spent by the people per day on the social network is 1.72 hours.
For the teenagers, the numbers are much higher which is up to 27 hours per week.

Impact of Social Networking Sites on the Youth | The Knowledge Review

In today’s society, social media has become an integral part of many young people’s lives. Many young people continue to engage in social media without stopping to consider the influence of social media on youth. The consequences might be beneficial or bad, but they are usually detrimental if they are not linked with a commercial or professional purpose.

It is a major issue for the majority of people in today’s society because what is more important?

Is it more essential to be concerned about “Facebook” friends than those with whom we meet face to face in our everyday lives? What is the long-term influence of social media on today’s youth?

There are many advantages to using sites such as Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, LinkedIn, Tumblr, Google +, Gaming sites, Instagram, and blogs, but there are also many disadvantages. If we want to make sound decisions, we must go deep within ourselves and conduct extensive study on the subject.

Positive Impact of Social Media on Youth

It keeps connected to their friends when they are not able to see each other always when they want to.
Social media keeps you updates about the important things that are going across the globe currently or maybe in your locality. It is a great benefit to know about everything just by the simple click of your finger.
The youths have the perfect place to express themselves in such a way in which they won’t be allowed to do in public. This is something which makes the youth feel better about them and they hold some position in society.
It helps you in developing social skills and the best part is that a number of friendships can begin from the social website. Youths generally like make new friends and know about others as much as they can. All of this is possible with the social media platform.
One more interesting impact of social media on youth is that it feels fun to interact with peers rather than talking to them face to face.

Negative Impact of Social Media on Youth

People in today’s age place such a high value on social media that it has become their top priority. They like being on social networking sites and neglect all of the things that should come first for them, such as family, sports, and school.
We can only see the virtual aspect of a person on social media sites. This implies that we can only see the aspect that they want us to see. Many people strive to present themselves to others as someone they are not.
Young people have a bad tendency of bullying their classmates, which is understandable to some extent. However, when it comes to cyberbullying, it has a significant impact on the other peer because it may appear on anyone’s newsfeed and quickly go viral. Such factors can sometimes lead to despair and suicide ideation.
Some young people are extremely susceptible to influence. They may feel the urge to modify their physical appearance and compare themselves to everyone they see on social media.
Social media provides a powerful temptation. It might become an addiction for the young and cause them to get distracted.

Positive Impact of Social Media on Youth in different Sectors

Educational Aspects

Social media allows teachers to quickly interact and connect with students and others.
Students have free and simple access to internet sites where they may obtain all of the information.
Grades have improved, and the rate of absentees has decreased.
According to a poll, around 59 percent of schools confess that their students use social media for instructional purposes. In addition, 50 percent of them utilise social media to discuss school tasks.

Political Aspects

The participation of the voters has increased. The users of the platform of Facebook have admitted that they get the inspiration to vote in an election when they see online their friends have voted too. A survey reported that those who visited Facebook more than two times in a single day were more likely to attend a political meeting or rally- 43% more people said that they are sure to vote.
Social media gives birth to the idea of change in politics. Social networking gives the social movement cheap as well as a quick method for distributing the information and make the people come together.

News/ Awareness

Around 30% of the people of America get their news from online. The information in the social networking sites spreads much faster than any other forms of media.
More than 50% of people in the world nowadays get the breaking news from a social media platform
The social networking sites provide the benefits academic research to the people along with the online access. This helps the people to get access to the resources that were unavailable before
The people who use the platforms of social media get empowered and informed to change their communities and themselves.

Social Aspects

With the help of social media, people can communicate with friends and this enhanced communication online strengthens the relationship between them. Survey says around 52% of the teens that remain online say social media have helped them with their friendships and around 88% of the people say that staying online has helped them stay in touch with the friends they don’t see regularly.
As said earlier, young people always have this tendency to make new friends. Around 57% of the teens that remain online say that they make new friends on social media.

Jobs for the Youth

Social media is one of the best ways for marketing products, connecting with people and find business opportunities.
It helps the employers to get the employees and those who are in search of new jobs. Around 87% of the job recruiters have found their employers through LinkedIn, around 30% through Facebook and 15% through Twitter.
The social media sites are the reasons for creating thousands of job opportunities for the people and they have brought new avenues of income.

Negative Impact of Social Media on Youth in different Sectors

Work/School

Social media helps the students to cheat on school assignments and for those who work can get some idea about their work.
If social media is used on a light scale, it will help the students to improve their grades. However, for those students who are heavy users, their grades tend to fall incredibly. A study shows that students who are using Facebook have an average GPA of 3.06 while those who don’t use Facebook have an average GPA of 3.82.
On average of 106 minutes in every 90 minutes that is spent on Facebook college students drop their grades to12.
The social media platform affects the productivity of the employees to .51%. These workers are generally between the age of 25-34 and check their social media during work.

Lacking Privacy

One thing that is seen common among the young people is they often get too open in the public and share their personal information. Most of the people don’t read the privacy policies and are unaware that their information that the information is read by the insurance companies, advertisers and the IRS.
They expose themselves to the governmental and corporate intrusions. The justice department of the US gather hundreds of pieces of information from the social networks and email every year.

Cyber Bullying

One of the very prime negative impact of social media on youth as some of the negative minded individuals use it for bullying someone.
People use it for sending intimidating messages to others that sometimes create trauma for the others as well.
Misinformation or false propaganda is another negative impact of social media on youth.

Harmful Effects of Junk Food

The term “junk” refers to something that should be discarded due to its negative consequences. Despite its negative consequences and low nutritional value, it is quite popular among the urban population. Junk food’s huge appeal is purely due to its flavour. Because the flavour is addicting, individuals consume it on a daily basis without recognising that these forms of junk food are destroying their health. We shall examine the impact of junk food and strategies to reduce it in this essay about the detrimental consequences of junk food in English.

13 Disadvantages Of Junk Foods - Boldsky.com

Below is a long article on the negative effects of junk food and a short essay on the bad effects of junk food to help you grasp the topic. You can compose an essay on this topic after going over the issues mentioned in the following essays and rephrasing them in your own words.

Short Harmful Effects of Junk Food Essay

In this short essay on harmful effects of junk food, a brief account of the impact of junk food on our health and how important it is to avoid junk food are discussed.

We are all aware that how we treat our bodies reflects the state of our minds and the way we live our lives. The food we eat has a direct impact on our mental state, therefore when we eat good and nutritious foods, we are happier, more happy, and more positive in life. Despite this, we do not take care of our bodies and eat junk food that damages them. Unfortunately, nowadays, children want everything to be provided promptly, and fast food meets this goal admirably.

Junk and fast food manufacturing is at an all-time high. The increased demand has resulted in an increase in supply. It contains very few nutrients and has little nutritional value. It’s oily, greasy, and high in fats and carbohydrates. Obesity and high blood pressure have increased as a result of the high calorie intake. It has also made the digestive system and appetite worse. When this is paired with today’s comfortable and sluggish lifestyle. It also leads to children’s insufficient growth and development. They are also more vulnerable to mental health disorders such as depression at a young age. Such intake has only negative consequences. When the world is trying to normalize conversations about such problems we should also be doing our bit in taking care of our health and life.

Long Harmful Effects of Junk Food Essay

It is critical to care for one’s body since it is our vehicle, the most crucial instrument that allows us to navigate through life and accomplish our everyday tasks. When we treat our bodies well, they respond with the same enthusiasm and resolve that we demand.

The first and most essential method to take care of our bodies is to exercise or work out in any manner, whether it’s yoga, pilates, functional training, or weight training. All of this will help us stay in shape. Even if we work out every day, we will not achieve our fitness goals if we do not eat correctly. The most essential trigger for living a healthy life is a decent diet.

A healthy diet comprises a decent mix of calories, fats, proteins, fibres, and nutritionally dense foods. All of these nutritional qualities may be found in foods such as green leafy vegetables, fruits, and rice for carbs. It is beneficial to both the body and the psyche.

Fast meals such as french fries, fried foods such as churros, pastries, pizzas, cookies, sweets, burgers, and chips are examples of junk foods. All of this has a high salt level, as well as cheese, sugar, and oils with little nutritious benefit. It is not a healthy source of nourishment and does not benefit our bodies in any manner.

It only satisfies our taste buds because all junk foods taste good. But we must realize, in order to satisfy the cravings of our tongue we are ruining our body and depriving it of a healthy lifestyle. This short-term fulfillment of mere cravings can have long-term impacts on our health, with life-threatening diseases that will leave a lasting negative impact on our bodies. It results in the following:-

On the Brain and Mental Health – the sodium content in junk food leads to headaches which will help lose focus and motivation even for mundane tasks. The risk of depression and other mental illnesses increases with increased consumption of processed foods.
On the Respiratory System – due to heavy and oily foods the children are consuming these days and leading a lazy lifestyle they are at high risks of shortness of breath and according to the studies it is also found that such children also suffer from asthma even to their adult and old age.
On the Cardiovascular System – Cholesterol consumption blocks the blood flow to and from the heart because of the deposition of fats and leads to blood pressure-related issues. There is also the risk of premature heart diseases like heart failure, arrhythmia, etc. A weak heart results in many other bodily diseases due to improper and inadequate supply of blood to others.
On the Digestive Tract – When such processed food is consumed it is very difficult to digest because our bodies are not designed to do so. When digestion is slowed, the metabolism also becomes slower and it results in weight gain and obesity. Other such problems are food poisoning, acid reflux, constipation, and indigestion and in severe cases may also lead to kidney failure.
On the Skin – Processed food contains very high levels of sugar eventually leading to obesity. In such conditions, the blood sugar level also sees a spike and this causes the outbreak of acne in the skin and face.

Curbing the intake of Junk food:- It is important to have healthy food due to the aforementioned reasons but surely one is attracted to junk food regardless. In such a case we must reduce the intake of junk and processed foods and have it less often rather than making it a habit. Incorporating healthy food will allow you to have an active lifestyle and lead a fulfilling life. It will keep the heart in check, and energy levels will always soar high which is the optimal way of living.

Conclusion

Being mindful of your own health and the potentially negative effects that junk foods may have on our bodies can be quite beneficial. This insight will assist one in making healthier choices. A healthy workout is incomplete without a balanced meal, therefore it is critical to attend to the body’s demands while also satisfying your desires and taste preferences. Long-term consequences endure a lifetime and rob you of your childhood and youth, therefore it is never too late to begin a healthy diet for a better living.

Custody of Children to Grandparents

Custody is included within the notion of Guardianship, and it happens as a result of the parents’ divorce. Divorce may be harmful to both parents and children, and children are often subjected to significant emotional trauma as a result of their parents’ divorce. The question of custody comes after the divorce is finalised, and it is a pertinent subject that must be resolved by the court. Custody refers to the privilege granted by the court to either of the parents in favour of the kid who is under the age of eighteen. The parent who is given the custodial right has to look after the financial, emotional, medical, and all other necessary needs of the child.

Types of Custody in India

Physical Custody-

The kid will be under the guardianship of one of the parents in this custody, and the other parent will have the ability to visit the child from time to time. This is the most common type of custody, and it ensures that the kid receives all of the advantages of the family as well as the finest possible upbringing. Both parents’ love and devotion are intended for the kid.

Joint Custody-

In this custody, both parents are allowed the right to keep their kid with them, but only in turn. Joint custody is one of the greatest alternatives to the post-divorce custody struggle. No parent feels deprived under this custody arrangement since both parents have the opportunity to be with the kid and have a major role in their upbringing. The major advantage of this custody arrangement is that the kid receives the love, care, and attention of both parents equally, and both parents have the right to make decisions about the child’s future.

Third-Party Custody-

In this custody, neither of the parents gets the custodial right. This is because the court believes that both parents are incapable of parenting a child and that granting the child’s rights to any of them would be detrimental to the child. In such cases, a third party is appointed and the custody of the child is given in his favor for the benefit of the child. This is mainly done in cases when both the parents re-marry after divorce then the custody of the child is given to grandparents.

Sole Custody-

In this case, the custody of the child is given to either mother or father and the other parent has no right over the child. This is usually done because of the abusive or immoral nature of the non-custodial parent. Under such cases, the court passes an order that non-custodian parents will not be granted the right to visit or meet the child once in a while.

Custody of Children to Grandparents

In some circumstances, the court may give grandparents custody of the kid. When giving custody of a child, the court takes various factors into account. The minor’s well-being takes precedence over a specific party’s legal rights. If the youngster is mature enough to choose who he wants to live with, the court will take it into account while deciding on final custody. The court must consider the following Acid test while determining custodial rights:

Education, health, and maintenance of the child are the relevant factors while determining the custody of the child.
The priority of the custody of the child is given to their biological parents. However, if they do not promote the welfare of the child, custody can be granted to the grandparents.
Financial stability cannot be the sole ground for deciding the custody of the child, the welfare of the child is of paramount consideration.
The child’s moral and ethical well-being, as well as its bodily well-being, must be considered by the Court.
Love of the parents towards their children cannot be a ground for deciding the custody in their favor.
The physical and mental conditions of the parents along with their professional life are taken into consideration while deciding the custody. In such cases in which both the parents are professionally working and are not able to look after the child properly, custody will be granted to the grandparents.
The wish of the child with whom he/she wants to stay is of utmost importance while deciding the custody.
The ‘character’ of the proposed guardian is one of the issues that must be examined by a court of law.
When dealing with custody disputes, a court is not bound by legislation, rigorous standards of evidence or process, or precedents. When choosing a competent guardian for a minor, the most important factor should be the child’s welfare and well-being.
Custody disputes cannot be determined only based on papers, oral evidence, or precedents; the human touch is the most important factor for the minor’s wellbeing, since the other materials may be generated by the parties themselves or on the advice of counsel to fit their needs.

In Jai Prakash Khadria v. Shyan Sunder Agarwalla and Anr, the appellant was the child’s maternal grandfather, while the respondent was the child’s paternal grandparents. Because the kid’s school was close to their house, the court gave paternal grandparents custody of the youngster. The paternal grandpa became overly close to the youngster and gave all of his property to him. The court also argued that because the maternal grandfather was living alone and there was no one at his house to care for the kid, custody would be given to the paternal grandparents.

Conclusion

Child custody is one of the most sensitive and difficult problems that arises following a parent’s divorce. Custody of the kid is always granted to the person considered by the court to be the best alternative for the child. The welfare of the children is the most important consideration when determining custody. Courts will award custody of the kid to the party who can demonstrate that the child’s best interests are served by them. In some instances, if the court deems it appropriate, custody of the children might be assigned to grandparents.

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