Childhood Redefined: 90’s Cartoon

 Memories are an integral part of the upbringing of a child. This leads to shaping up one’s personality based upon knowledge & past experiences. Memories are of different kinds. They vary by nature, like saying positive or negative or they can differ in periods depending upon very old or recent times. 

  These memories lend one experiences that lead one to learn one life lesson. This experience causes one to get off through tough days with ease & make good days better. Now discussing childhood memories, they leave each one of us with a different imprint. The reason for our smiles or tears occasionally. 

   To each one of us, our childhood holds a jar of memories. Savouring over our favourite delicacies, playing for hours under the sun with friends, sharing tiffins at school & are some of the common memories that each one of us holds. But something common to all of us is the animated series of the late ’90s or early ’20s. I bet they are still a part of you, embedded deep in your heart, probably forgotten. 

 From being a couch potato watching cartoons all day long to binging Netflix on weekends we all grew up. So let’s turn the clock back as we go down the lane to revisit childhood, with these top 12 cartoons hand-picked just for you :

1] Tom & Jerry: This American animated series was created in 1940. It is named after its two main characters; a blue-grey cat named Tom who gets into comedic fights or chases the brown homed mouse called Jerry. Each episode shows the two characters which they often get hurt ridiculously. 

 2] Flinstones: This show is set in the pre-historic times in the town of Bedrock. Living beings of the past, dinosaurs, and other long-extinct animals co-exist with cavemen, saber-toothed cats, and woolly mammoths. Also, these characters use Stone Age technologies, & their lives resemble the lives of 20th century urban America.

3] Richie Rich: A rich kid named Richie who used to deal with threats to the Rich family, more specifically Richie. Some segments for humor with Dollar and Cadbury. Also, his friends fighting master criminals, aliens, and other threats to the world.

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 4] Baby Looney Toons: Baby versions of Looney tunes characters Bugs, Daffy, Lola, Taz, Sylvester, Tweety, Petunia & Melissa living with granny.

5] Popeye The Sailorman: Guess the intro song’s still embedded in our head. As everyone has heard of Popeye, the sailor who eats spinach and gets stronger. There exists a love triangle among Popeye, Olive, and Bluto. And Bluto’s endless schemes to claim Olive at Popeye’s expense. Popeye holds his near-saintly perseverance in overcoming any obstacle to please Olive, who often renounces Popeye for Bluto.

6] Scooby Doo: Scooby and gang use their intelligence other detective instincts to uncover mysteries that appear to be supernatural initially but later reveal having a person behind all these things thus lending a logic to the situations.

7] The Powerpuff Girls: Probably the first and one of the only TV shows of the time that begun teaching us about feminism. Bubbles, Buttercup, and Blossom were cute little girls who were fierce warriors.

8] The Jungle Book: Movies like ‘The Jungle Book’ & ‘Lion King’ are an extension of this series. Based on the Rudyard Kipling book, here you see how a boy called Mogli grows up in a jungle fighting through the hardships. Despite not being an animal, he grows up with a pack of wolves while doing ridiculous things with Baloo and training with Bagheera.

9] Dragon tales: It is impossible to forget this sentence, those bunch of dragons called always managed to make us smile. Emmy & Max find a magical place called Dragonland where they are transported using magical crystals where they face challenges with dragon Ord, Cassie, Zak, Wheezie & Quetzal.

10] Pokemon: As Ash Ketchum turns 10, he desires to start his journey as a Pokemon trainer with the dream of being a Pokemon master in the long run. But having overslept, he rushes to Professor Oak to realize that the only Pokemon left for him to have is a Pikachu, an electric pokemon. Finally, Ash & Pikachu, embark on their journey together while befriending two travel mates Misty & Brock. Along the journey, they make a lot many both human and pokemon friends. 

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Superstitions in India

Superstition refers to any belief or practice that is explained by supernatural causality, therefore contradicting modern science. Some beliefs and practices that are considered superstitious by some may not be considered so by others. The gap between what is perceived as superstitious and what is not widens when the opinions of the public and scientists are considered.

Common superstitions in India today include a black cat crossing the road being bad luck, a crow calling meaning that guests are arriving, drinking milk after eating fish causing skin diseases, and itchy palms signalling the arrival of money.

Superstitions are usually attributed to a lack of education. In India, however, there have been educated people with beliefs considered superstitious by the public. According to the 2011 census, the literacy rate of India is at 74%. Beliefs and practices vary in different regions. Practices range from harmless lemon-and-chili totems for warding off the evil eye to serious concerns like witch-burning. Passed down as part of tradition and religion, these beliefs and practices could be at least a century old. Due to the rich history of these beliefs and practices, the introduction of new prohibitory laws often faces opposition from the general public.

Sati

Sati is the act or custom of a Hindu widow burning herself to death or being burned to death on the funeral pyre of her husband. After watching the Sati of his own sister-in-law, Ram Mohan Roy began campaigning for abolition of the practice in 1811. The practice of Sati was abolished in British India in 1829 by Governor General Lord William Bentinck.

On 4 September 1987, 18-year-old Roop Kanwar, from Deorala, Sikar District, Rajasthan, who had been married for 7 months, was burned to death on her husband’s pyre. It was alleged the victim had tried to escape, but she was drugged and forced on to the pyre. On 1 October 1987, The legislative assembly of Rajasthan passed an ordinance against Sati, which was later turned into an Act. It was followed by pro-Sati rallies and protests in Jaipur. On 3 January 1988, the Indian parliament passed a new law (Prevention of Sati Act 1987) based on Rajasthan’s legislation of 1987, which also criminalized the glorification of Sati. Police charged Kanwar’s father-in-law and brother-in-law of allegedly forcing her to commit the act, but they were acquitted in October 1996.

Human sacrifice

Although human sacrifices are not prevalent in India, rare isolated incidents do happen, especially in rural areas. In some cases, humans have been replaced by animals and birds. This has caused backlash from animal rights groups, so in some places they have again been replaced by human effigies. The motives behind these sacrifices include inducing rainfall and helping childless women conceive. It is alleged that cases often go unreported or are covered up. Between 1999 and 2006, about 200 cases of child sacrifices were reported from Uttar Pradesh.

Godmen

The word godman is a colloquial blanket term used for charismatic spiritual leaders in India. Locally, they may be referred to as baba, swami, guru, shastri, bapu or bhagat. Many of them claim to have magic or psychic powers and perform miracles. On the other hand, some only provide spiritual advice. There are also female gurus. Many of them are worshiped by their followers as avatars or living gods. Many of them belong to ancient ascetic lineages or claim to be successor to some previous spiritual predecessor. Some of them have built large pan-Indian or international networks. Their recent success has been attributed to the use of mass media and public relations techniques.

Witch-hunts

Some people, mostly in villages, have the belief that witchcraft and black magic are effective. This prompts some to seek advice from witch doctors for health, financial or marital problems. Unfortunately, others, especially women, are accused of witchcraft, attacked, and occasionally killed. According to reports, widows or divorcees tend to be targeted to rob them of their property. Revered village witch-doctors are paid to brand specific persons as witches, so that they can be killed without repercussions. The existing laws have been ineffective in curbing the murders. In June 2013, the National Commission for Women (NCW) reported that according to National Crime Records Bureau statistics, 768 women had been murdered for allegedly practicing witchcraft since 2008. Alongside this, they announced plans for newer, more stringent laws.

87 Rape Cases A Day, Crimes Against Women.

India recorded an average 87 rape cases every day in 2019 and 4,05,861 cases of crimes against women during the year — a rise of over seven per cent from 2018 — shows latest data released by the National Crime Records Bureau.

The “Crimes in India -2019” report shows that crimes against women have gone up by 7.3 per cent last year. The crime rate registered per lakh women population is 62.4 per cent in 2019, up from the 58.8 per cent figure of 2018.

The country had recorded 3,78,236 cases of crimes against women in 2018, data shows.

In 2018, 33,356 rapes were recorded across the country, up from 32,559 in 2017, according to the data from corresponding years.

“Majority of these cases under the Indian Penal Code were registered under ‘cruelty by husband or his relatives’ (30.9 per cent) followed by ‘Assault on women with intent to outrage her modesty’ (21.8 per cent), ‘kidnapping and abduction of women’ (17.9 per cent),” the NCRB data for 2019 showed.

Not only women, the figures collated by NCRB also indicate an upward trend in cases linked to crimes against children. From 2018, the crimes against children have gone up by of 4.5 per cent in 2019.A total of 1.48 lakh cases of crime against children were registered in 2019, of which 46.6 per cent were cases of kidnapping and 35.3 per cent cases were related to sexual offences.

The NCRB, which functions under the Union Home Ministry, is tasked with collecting and analysing crime data from across the country. The agency has compiled the three-volume report after collating data from 36 states and UTs and 53 Metropolitan cities

In 2012, the case of young Delhi-based woman Jyoti Singh, christened Nirbhaya (Fearless) by the media, shook the nation. She was abducted by a group of men and repeatedly raped on a moving bus. They also mutilated her body before throwing her from the bus.

Hathras Case2020: The woman died at Delhi’s Safdarjung Hospital. She had suffered multiple fractures, paralysis and a deep gash in her tongue in the assault that drew parallels to the 2012 Nirbhaya gang-rape. #JusticeforManishaValmiki

Unlock 5 Guidelines: Lockdown extended till 31 Oct, cinema halls can operate at 50% capacity

The ministry of home affairs has announced a detailed guideline for Unlock 5, or for reopening to be effective from October 1, shortly.

Here are the guidelines:

* Cinemas/ theatres/ multiplexes will be permitted to open with upto 50% of their seating capacity, for which, SOP will be issued by Ministry of Information & Broadcasting.

* Business to Business (B2B) Exhibitions will be permitted to open, for which, SOP will be issued by the Department of Commerce.

* Swimming pools being used for training of sportspersons will be permitted to open, for which the standard operating procedure (SOP) will be issued by Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports.

* Entertainment parks and similar places will be permitted to open, for which the SOP will be issued by Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.

Opening of Schools, colleges, education institutions and coaching institutions

State/ UT Governments have been given the flexibility to take a decision after October 15, 2020, in a graded manner. The decision shall be taken in consultation with the respective school/ institution management, based on their assessment of the situation, and subject to the following conditions:

* Online/ distance learning shall continue to be the preferred mode of teaching and shall be encouraged.

* Where schools are conducting online classes, and some students prefer to attend online classes rather than physically attend school, they may be permitted to do so.

* Students may attend schools/ institutions only with the written consent of parents.

* Attendance must not be enforced, and must depend entirely on parental consent.

* States /UTs will prepare their own SOP regarding health and safety precautions for reopening of schools/ institutions based on the SOP to be issued by Department of School Education and Literacy , Ministry of Education, Government of India, keeping local requirements in view.

* Schools, which are allowed to open, will have to mandatorily follow the SOP to be issued by Education Departments of States/ UTs.

* Department of Higher Education (DHE), Ministry of Education may take a decision on the timing of the opening of Colleges/ Higher Education Institutions, in consultation with Ministry of Home Affairs , based on the assessment of the situation. Online/ distance learning shall continue to be the preferred mode of teaching and shall be encouraged.

National Integration

National integration is one of the most burning questions & problems of modern India. It has posed a tremendous threat & challenge to the very existence of India. History tells us that from long past India has never been a United country in the strict sense of the term. There was a temporary attempt of this unity in some parts of India Or a greater portion of the country during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya, Samudragupta, Chandragupta II Or Vikramaditya, Kanishka & emperor Ashok. A greater unity was felt during the Muslim rule in India, especially at the time of Alauddin Khilji & Ghiasuddin Balban. During the Mughal period, except some areas in the north-east, south & west, most parts of the country were brought under a unified administration. The British succeeded in building a united, far more unified Indian empire than ever before. But this so-called unity in India during the Muslim & the British rule was a forced or artificial one. There was no popular government then. There was no scope of people’s say in the administration. As India was divided into many small & large kingdoms, mostly at enmity with one another, they fell easy prey to the foreign Muslim & British invaders.

The seed of succession was first sown in Indian soil when the Muslim league wanted an independent, separate homeland for the Muslims in India at the Lahore conference in 1940. After this, at the instigation of the British Government, the Muslim league succeeded in carving out a separate Muslim state, named Pakistan after a process of prolonged communal riots which claimed millions of innocent lives & many thousands crores worth of property. After partition & independence from the British rule on 15th August 1947. India turned into a multinational country with a heterogeneous ethnic group with different cultures, languages, religions & faiths. Despite all these, there was at least some kind of unity in diversity still coexisting. Also, there was at least some sort of unity in diversity still in existence. But unfortunately direct or indirect, covert or overt instigation of some insurgents within the country or from without having posed a serious challenge to this integration.

The scene of this disintegration started of this disintegration begun with the Khalistan movement in Punjab. Gradually this movement brought in its wake many terrorist activities. Pakistan helped these terrorist activities. Pakistan helped these terrorists directly & indirectly with arms to destabilize the integrity of India. The movement soon took the character of separatists & secessionist struggle. By dint of strict military step other measures, the Indian government succeeded in curbing the movement within a decade. Next came the terrorist & secessionist movement in Kashmir & Nagaland. The former one was directly backed by Pakistan. It resulted in the merciless killing of masses of innocent people, eviction of Kashmiri Hindu Pandits from their hearths, homes & property & destruction of many crores worth of Government and private property, buildings, bridges & some other means of communication.

 Thus all these clearly show the problem of integration in free India now. The Indians who fought & struggled irrespective of caste, creed & linguistic varieties to free India from British domination in the past have forgotten their pledge & sacred duty, so to say, for national integration. The Central Government must face such a challenge with high-handed means & enough foresight at the same time. The linguistic & economic problems of the backward class tribals and some other ethnic groups must be taken into account. Autonomous rights must be granted to the provinces as far as possible. 

Crimes against Women: soot on the golden image of Bharatvarsh

Article by – Shishir Tripathi

Intern at Hariyali Foundation
In collaboration with
Educational News

From ancient times, India has been known for its culture, its traditions and the simple lifestyle that people follow here, diverse geographical and cultural variations. But still India is also known to be as one of the most unsafe countries for women. Mentioning India’s rank is not at all important as that won’t make a very big impact in justifying that India is a safer Nation for women.

Crimes against women are increasing day by day. Domestic Violence is one of the major crimes in India against women and rape is the second biggest crime in India against women. One rape was reported every 15 minutes in India in 2018. The central state of Madhya Pradesh reported the highest number of rape cases across India in 2018, with over five thousand. Northern states Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh followed during the measured time period. Overall, the country reported over 33 thousand cases of rape that year.

Being a Nation with a patriarchal society, status of women in India has more or less been the same. Even it has degraded and still degrading. The Mathura first rape case that was an incident of custodial rape in India on 26 March 1972, wherein Mathura, a young tribal girl, was allegedly raped by two policemen on the compound of Desaiganj Police Station in Gadchiroli district of Maharashtra. After the Supreme Court acquitted the accused, there was public outcry and protests, which eventually led to amendments in the Indian rape law via The Criminal Law Amendment Act 1983 (No. 43) .

Another case of rape, known as Delhi Rape case shattered every Indian that happened in 2012 and the incident took place when Jyoti Singh, a 23-year-old female physiotherapy intern, was beaten, gang-raped, and tortured in a private bus in which she was travelling with her male friend. There were six others in the bus, including the driver, all of whom raped the woman and beat her friend. Eleven days after the assault she was transferred to a hospital in Singapore for emergency treatment but died two days later. Four adult convicts sentenced to death; hanged on 20 March 2020 at 5:30 AM at the Tihar Prison Complex, New Delhi.

So it is evident that a victim dies and after that the whole nation has to do online protest and come on the roads. And after all this pressure, the victim’s family gets the justice that too after years. Many rape cases go unreported as in Police station; the victim is being told about the family’s respect and outside the police station the accused, threatens the victim to death. Even if the cases get registered by the police, they are left pending, unattended. More than 32,500 cases of rape were registered with the police in 2017, about 90 a day, according to the most recent government data.  Indian courts disposed only about 18,300 cases related to rape that year, leaving more than 1,27,800 cases pending at the end of 2017.

Other crimes like domestic violence have also been increased especially during this lockdown period that occured in months of March and April. In the country, the number of domestic violence complaints received by the National Commission for Women has doubled from 123 distress calls to 239 domestic violent complaints from March 23,2020 to April 16,2020.

Many other crimes against women like acid attacks, domestic violence are so prevalent in India. Each day, the newspaper filled with cases of crime against women. Newly married brides are forced to get more dowries from their homes and are tortured and sometimes get killed. Many videos go viral on social media where women are beaten publicly, why? Just because they are weak and women!
The mentality of the people is the only thing that is needed to be changed. Formulation of strict laws like all other nations should be there against crimes like rapes, acid attacks, etc. Vulgar material in the form of videos and images on internet objectifying women needs to be permanently banned so that a woman is not looked upon as an object in reality. As soon as the crime is proved, the accused should be given strict punishment and are needed to be given the same level of torture, they gave to the victim. A strict message is needed to be passed so that people with shitty mindsets should fear from committing such crimes and ruining the lives of the innocent victims.

Therefore it is much needed that something so strict is needed to be done by the government so that the nation must not get converted into chaos for the women and all other people who want to live a life freely and safely with proud and respect.

Rivers- The Source of Life

“Men may come & men may go
But I go on forever”
This beautiful line is from “The Brook,” a poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson. It means that humans are mortal but rivers are eternal. River, generally have their source of origin high up in the glacier mountains & hills. The water flows through a meandering course along the slopes of mountain, plains & plateaus. And finally they join in to the sea. The depth & width is lesser when the river flows through the mountain course & increases as it enters the course on the plains.

When the river flows along the plains it breaks it’s banks sometimes & carries off the rocks & soil along it. Weathering is the process of breaking down of rocks, soil, mineral as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth’s atmosphere, water, and biological organisms. The responsible agents for the same are water, wind, waves, snow, ice & gravity. They are then transported & deposited at different sites.

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Then the river flows along the plains, it breaks it’s banks sometimes & carries the soil & rocks. But in the plains, particularly near it’s estuary the flowing rate reduces gradually. Thus the river cannot carry their soil & rocks. So they are stored in the river bed & give rise to islands & deltas. Sometimes during the rainy season a river overflows it’s banks owing to heavy rains & some other causes. Then it creates much damage to standing crops, houses & property. But a river is a great benefactor to mankind. It carries alluvial soil & makes the land on either side very fertile.

For ages rivers have been serving as a very easy & cheap means of communication. In ancient times merchants sent their saleable commodities to different countries in ships. Because of these & other factors human civilisation & had it’s origin on the areas beside  river banks. So we see the civilisations of the Nile, of the Indus, the Euphrates & the Tigris etc.

During the monsoon, heavy rains cause flood in some rivers. It causes much loss to property and lives on the areas lying by the river banks. In spite of this harmful side, we must treat rivers as great benefactor to us. They are also an indispensable parts of nature. Human civilization could not have started without rivers.

Rivers have a great influence on us by creating a soothing climate helping the growth of crops, plants & trees preventingthe spread of deserts. The water of the river is the main source of lives of men & animals. Generally a river has its origin in a mountain, hi or a high pleateau or another large river. Some of the large rivers came into its very existence from the glaciers of the mountain. The Ganges, the Yamuna, Teesta & Torsa are some of them. The streams widen up once they enter the plain region & ultimately joins into the sea or the ocean.

Since time immemorial the river has stood as a symbolism of life . This idea is manifested basically in literature, particularly in poetry. Like if you have read this poem called ‘The Brook’ by Lord Tennyson where it focuses mainly on the brook as it takes a long & winding journey across the countryside to join in a large river. Minutely detailing the delicate moments the brook has on its way & drawing a direct comparison to the lives of men.

The Four Yugas

Manier times,one might have heard  about the four main eras in many theologies. What do the ‘four eras’ mean? The below article describes the eras in the Hindu theology.

  • Yugas

Yugas can be roughly explained as time periods or eras. In the Hindu theology,there were 4 yugas(ages)

  1. Sat yuga/ Satya Yuga/Krita or Kruta Yuga
  2. Treta Yuga
  3. Dwapara Yuga
  4. Kali yuga
  • Sat Yuga

Dharma is depicted as an Indian bull. In the  Sat Yuga,Dharma had four legs. Sat Yuga is also known as the golden age. In this age,every person was in complete consciousness of God. They were not attached to any material needs or wants. The people were solely devoted towards the Supreme God. There was no stain of any evil within any person. Nobody experienced any untimely deaths. Meaning,that the people knew already about when their deaths were going to occur. The lifespan of a  person was around 100,000 years. People were as big and about 30 feet. There were no diseases and people lived peacefully.  It is said that Lord Vishnu incarnated with 10 avatars(Dashavatara) on earth. During the golden age,he took 4 Avatars:

  1. Matsya
  2. Kurma
  3. Varsha
  4. Narasimha

Although these incarnations have their own deeds on goloka(Earth),we just have to get a brief introduction of them. Even the currency was made of all jewels and the pots were believed to be made of gold. The cycle of death happened for around 8 times. The period lasted for about 17,28,000 years. This was  the life in the Sat Yuga,where nobody lied. Sat Yuga was believed to be ended by the killing of Hiranya Kashipu.

  • Treta Yuga

Dharma had three legs in this age.  This age was also called the silver age.Treta Yuga was the time when the evil co-existed. And the average human life during this period lasted for about 10,000 years. This was an era when people were as big as 21 feet.  The birth and the death cycles were occuring about 12 times. Treta Yuga did have a decline of virtues from the previous Yuga.During this period,the main incarnations of Vishnu were:

  1. Vamana
  2. Parasuraman
  3. Rama

Again,all these avatars have their own divine story. But explaining them in one article is not possible,at all. Treta Yuga lasted for about 12,96,000 years. All the pottery during that period were made of silver and the currency was minted with gold. It is said that the Yuga ended with the demise of Rama when King Rama took Jala samadhi and returned to  Vaikunta.

  • Dwapara Yuga

This was the period when Dharma had two legs. This era is also said to be the Copper age. Many people did some or the other ill deeds done in their life. May it be with the path of righteousness or against the path of righteousness. The percentage of evil came to rise. Many also made the wrong use of their talents.The birth and the death cycles increased to 21 times. The average lifespan of humans got reduced to a 1000 years. The people were as tall as 11 feet. Most of the currency was minted in silver and the pots were made of copper. The value of sin and virtues were equally divided. The main incarnations of Lord Vishnu were:

8.Krishna

9. Buddha

Lord Krishna descended on Earth to show the true path of righteousness. To give the divine knowledge of  Shrimad Bhagvad Gitā. He is the supreme Lord,the cause of all causes. Nobody can describe Krishna,nor can anyone understand Krishna,then who am I to describe Krishna? Buddhas,with their great teachings which were filled with wisdom were also very significant. The Mahabharata was said to occur  in the same period. Lord Krishna though provided priceless teachings to the people of Dwapara Yuga.  The period lasted for about 8,64,000years. Krishna’s departure from the Earth made the end of this era.

  • Kali Yuga or The age of  Kali

Kali Yuga is the most curious Yuga. Because we are actually living in this Yuga. This age is also known as the Iron age. The last of the four periods.This was the period when Dharma had only one leg. The age of Kali began approximately on 17th February,midnight,3102 BCE. The first King of this age was King Parikshit,the only descendent of the Lunar dynasty (Kuruvanshas). The name of this Yuga came from the Asura Kali.  He was the  son of Kashyapa Rishi and Muni. Kali was instructed by King Parikshit to leave his provinces but Kali pleaded to King Parikshit , because the whole Bharatvarsha was under his province. And so,King Parikshit allowed him to stay at the following places:

  1. Gambling houses
  2. Taverns
  3. Prostitution
  4. Slaughtering places
  5. Greed

And then Kali requested that these places were not enough and King Parikshit gave him one more place to live: 6. Gold. Kali is basically the source of destruction.

During this period,the percentage of evil was most of all. The approximate lifespan of humans came down to 100 years. The birth and death cycles increased to 42.  People will easily get mis-leaded by their path of life. Even after knowing great things,people will continue to be selfish and cunning.  Many will question the existence of God. Parents will be over-protective about their children,and this would initially lead to the destruction of their own child. The currency will be made of iron and the pots,out of soil. These were some of the predictions which were already made by Krishna. Kaliyuga has already completed its 5,122 years and with the completion of year 2020,it would be 5,123. Kaliyuga still has 426,878 years to complete after which the Last avatar of Lord Vishnu,10. Kalki

will end the age of Kali by partially disintegrating the world for the linear cycle of the Yugas to continue. 

The scriptures regarding the Yugas are extremely disturbing, because we can actually see these factors happening in our surroundings. Not only the Hindu theology but also the Greek theology, Egyptian theology and many such theologies which tell us about the four eras.

There are many many circumstances and phenomenons in these four eras from which we can learn infinite virtues. 

Confusion 1: The approximate lifespan in the above articles mean that the specific lifespans were actually observed in those periods. It was not like every person was a bulging giant. In fact many rishis were Chiranjeevi (immortal) and also Trikaldarshi (ability to have see and understand all the three tenses, the present,past and future)

Confusion 2: All this information was actually written in many Puranas. You might find two or three lines of these Puranas through the medium of the  internet but the true,authoritative and without any mental speculation with  pure knowledge can only be attained in the ancient scriptures.

Thank you dear readers for reading my article. You all are wonderful!

Genetic Mutations: Gender Partiality?

India has a very distinct gender gap. On a very basic level, it boils down to chromosomes. Imagine, having one different chromosome can alter your life completely, both from a biological and social vantage. Phew! And though times are changing, but still there is no secret in the fact that men are still at a better positions in life generally, all thanks to their gender. But Nature sometimes, does not favour the men. Yup, it comes down to chromosomes, the genetic indicative of a gender. Now, you must be thinking, how can just two strands of genetic material have that drastic difference in someone’s life? Well, the answers lies in the genetics only, more specifically in some genetic mutations. Let’s see what are those….

Back To The Basics…

Genes are the primary units that determine any physical or other physiological traits in a human being. One gene can affect multiple factors within the body. Similarly, one factor can have the results of various genes acting in relation to it. And the genes, in turn, are contained in the chromosomes. So, the chromosomes are a centre point controlling various factors and activities across the body. Genetic mutation refers to the permanent alteration of the DNA sequence, which are the building blocks of a gene. So, needless to say, it will affect the chromosomes, and in turn, the individual who is subjected to these mutations. Mutations often produce new traits, sometimes for the better, other times for the worse.

That being established, now comes the role of chromosomes in gender determination. The human species has 46 chromosomes, out of which 44 chromosomes have absolutely NO role in determining the gender of an individual. The remaining 2 chromosomes, X and Y, also known as the sex chromosomes, are the main functional units here. A biological female will have XX chromosome combination and a biological male will have XY pair. 

Now, the adverse mutations, both in the X and Y chromosome put the males into a tight spot. Since they have one of each chromosome, so if they acquire the mutated chromosome, they would definitely have that trait. The term trait also includes genetic diseases. Good luck guys!

Hemophilia (X-chromosome mutation)

Hemophilia is a blood related disorder. In such cases, the blood has difficulties in clotting. Individuals with this disorder often suffer from spontaneous bleeding or prolonged and heavy bleeding from injuries. Over the majority of cases, factors VIII and IX, which play a crucial role in blood coagulation, has been identified to be insufficient.

In terms of genetics, this disorder occurs when a gene on the X chromosome, which has a function in the production of blood coagulation factors, undergoes mutation to stop working effectively or does not have any function at all. In such cases, the male child begets this gene from his mother. The female child will be a carrier if she gets one affected X chromosome. But if the father is also homophilic, then only the girl child will have this disorder. In case if the father has both chromosomes sans the mutation and if the mother has one mutated chromosome, then there is still a probability of having a fully unaffected male child, and a non carrier female child.

Website Reference:

https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hemophilia/facts.html

Enough is Enough!!!

Enough is enough! After what happened “again” yesterday ,how are the authorities so casual? Why is the blood still not boiling? Although, it should have, a long time ago when these pathetic people even think of molesting and raping a girl. How do they even not think of the consequences or how do they even have the guts to touch a girl inappropriately. From a 6 months old to a 90 year old lady no baby, girl or a woman is SAFE. Why is the law so lenient when it comes to such heart breaking moments. Yet again a NIRBHAYA and god knows how many suffer daily without being highlighted.

What was the fault of an innocent girl working in the field when she was gang raped by men who don’t even deserve to be called Humans any more. How long will they take to give her justice. 7-8 years? When will we get a law that instills fear in these disgusting men who are free as hell and do whatever  they feel like. We need a law following which these people will think at least 100 times before even touching a girl without her consent! 

Only the bearer knows where the shoe pinches. Nobody can even think of feeling the pain that victim goes through. Not only her but her family, her parents who can not bear the pain of their child suffering. The double standards of the society and it’s people are also disgusting. She must not be in appropriate clothes or she would have only done something. are the comments a victim has to listen. What is the problem in clothes of a girl ? How does that define her consent of un appropriate touches? What should a 6 month old baby wear to protect herself from being raped? Or what should even a teenager or a woman wear ? Do rapes not happen when a girl is wearing a salwar kameez ? And then they are the ones who come up with candles marches and protests on social media with trending hashtags of justice to prevail!! Is that a joke ?

These candle marches and slogans and protests will do nothing until we have a firm law that punishes those criminals as soon as they are suspected. No means no!! When are we going to teach our sons that a No means No. Even if you are married and your wife says not to touch her, you DON’T  because she said so. There are no If’s and no But’ s then left to answer. It is your duty to make her feel protected. It is the duty of every nation to provide security to their women. The slogans of Women Empowerment is of no use until you don’t really Empower them. It is the duty of every citizen to make sure there are no Nirbhayas in this world. It is the duty of the Law of every country to have appropriate judicial system to take action against these criminals and provide justice to the victim as soon as possible. It is high time that education reaches to all the people in the country so that their pathetic minds can turn into productive ones . It is important to teach your kids  the importance of respecting everybody and every gender. To teach them to draw a line between the wrong and the right. All the schools should teach their girls the good touch and the bad touch in all levels of classes. Be it nursery or Higher education. Sex Education is another important thing to be provided to everybody.  There is no harm in teaching your kids and it is rather very necessary in today’s world. Be friendly with your kids .Make sure they don’t hide anything from you .Trust them when they say something is wrong. There are times when parents don’t listen to their girls when she says a relative has done something wrong with her, that should never happen listen to them until it is too late for you to even regret. Talk to them if you feel they are not okay. Do not ignore the signs it can result in something very disastrous. 

“Rape is one of the most terrible crimes on earth and it happens every few minutes. The problem with groups who deal with rape is that they try to educate women about how to defend themselves. What really needs to be done is teaching men not to rape. Go to the source and start there.”
― Kurt Cobain

Punishment for rapists in other countries.

The execution of the culprits in the Nirbhaya case has not completed even a year, and now Manisha Valmiki. On the Hathras incident, once again the convicts in the whole country have started demanding the death penalty.  Do you know that in many countries the death penalty is so ruthless that the criminals will be shocked.  Let us know what is the provision of capital punishment in America, Pakistan, Russia etc.

In our country, there is a provision of capital punishment in the case of rape of rarest.  But in all other countries of the world, there is zero tolerance for rape.  For example, in Islamic countries, there is a provision of severe punishment for rape.  Like in Iraq, the rapist is punished.  He is also stoned to death in a very harsh way.  Seeing the punishment given to the culprit, people are so scared that they are afraid of committing such a crime.

US federal law does not use the word “rape” or rape.  The law there considers it a crime to commit sexual acts without consent.  These laws are grouped under chapter 109A of the US Code (18 U.S.C. 2241–224).  In federal law, the punishment for this offense can range from a fine to life imprisonment.

According to Article 131 of the Criminal Code of Russia, rape is defined as heterosexual vaginal intercourse using violence or threats of violence.  The maximum punishment for a crime like rape is up to 30 years.  It depends on the consistency of the crime.

In Pakistan, rape is seen as a heinous crime.  Here the rapist is punished from death to death.  According to the Zinah al-Jabr (rape) law in the Hudud Ordinance in Pakistan, gang rape is specifically given the death penalty.  Apart from this, there is also an option to punish the rapists with corporal punishment.

North Korea is a country which has the provision of punishing the guilty of rape.  Here, several bullets are shot in the head publicly to the rapist.  In the United Arab Emirates, the rapist is sentenced to death directly.  According to UAE law, the rapist is hanged within a week.

In the country, questions have often been raised about the long process of punishment in rape cases.  Even though there is a provision for the death penalty for the culprits of rape, but in India the cases of female violence and crime are not decreasing.  The incident of Hathras has once again angered the people of the country, all are demanding the death penalty of the culprits at the earliest.  Let us know that the girl, who was a victim of gangrape in Hathras, Uttar Pradesh, died on Tuesday.

Learn to spread your wings

No matter how disturbed a person is in his life, no matter how much pain is in his life, spiritually he is made to fly. Napoleon said, “Until you spread your wings, you’ll have no idea how far you can fly.” When we face storms in our lives, at that time we just only need to spread our wings. Sometimes life is taking our test.

We get caught up in the problems of our life. We can see our problems as a burden and if we want, we can also consider them as opportunities for ourselves. Our problems bring some benefits for us which we fail to see. It is also possible that the same problems are bringing some great opportunities for our lives. Sometimes God also cut our wings so that we can become stronger and learn to fight the hardships of our lives. Many times, our problems make us our guide, they use them for our test or to get us on the right path because pain and failures also give us excellent lessons. Perhaps God saves us from these obstacles through these problems. He also uses them to make us holistic. We can find wings for ourselves in difficult times. Spiritual flight for some people means freedom from the fear that prevents us from doing anything for others. God creates stressful and sometimes painful situations to take us forward so that we learn to fly out of our comfort zone. When we find ourselves in difficult circumstances, then most of us are burdened under those conditions. While God may wish that we should learn to take risks by stepping out of our comfortable environment. Once we learn to fly, we should always keep an eye on the sky and move forward. We should always look at the situation from God’s point of view. God has given us the strength to face difficult situations. For example, the participants in the race have to go through many obstacles. If we do not learn to overcome those obstacles then we will never win in that race. We will always feel lost, but if we find ourselves free from within, then we will be able to clearly see the path ahead of those problems and will also be able to walk that path with full courage.

MOOC: A Revolution In The Field Of Education

The lockdown has given almost the entire nation  a LOT of free time. Some had engaged in pursuing their old hobbies, some took up new ones, some spent it working or studying, while others got some well deserved rest. All and all, many had explored and done things that were wishful thinking earlier. One of those things was learning. Yes, that’s right, like education learning. Now you might be wondering, this must be about online classes. Well, in a way, it is. 

Massive Online Open Courses (MOOC) is a distance education platform, but with an unconventional twist. Apart from having the salient features like convention study materials on a large variety of courses and disciplines, what makes it more engaging is the feedback and interaction with peers and teachers alike. Also, instant feedback and remarks on assignments and quizzes gives a large opening to self analysis and development.

Various MOOC platforms, in partnership with various prestigious institutes, supersides the geographical and financial barriers to provide knowledge and education. But the points that should be mentioned are: Not all MOOCs are fully or partially free. Some courses need to be purchased for completion, that is, though the majority of the study materials, videos and notes that is, are free, but some materials, or some assignments, which are essential for completion of the course, are privatized. Even then, the costs are quite low in comparison to many physical learning options. Another thing is, it does not directly help in the educational degree. Rather, these courses are more helpful for knowledge enhancement, vocational growth and employment opportunities. 

With the digital revolution, no sector was left unaffected. Education was no different. Early 2000s was the period of increase in online or e-learning availers. By 2010, MOOC, with a significant figure of learners, had made its presence known. Though, the term MOOC was denoted by Dave Cormier (University of Prince Edward Island) in 2008 in relation to a course, ‘Connectivism and Connective Knowledge’, organized by University of Manitoba, the concept was first introduced due to the evolution of MIT’s OpenCourseWare project. This project originally introduced the concept of open educational resources (OER). MOOC is one response based format generated out of this system. 

MOOC, since it has a varied source of contribution, hence has developed in various ways. The two most notable distinct categories of MOOC would be cMOOC and xMOOC. Now, what’s the difference? The difference is in the approach of learning. In that respect, cMOOC is what is known to be the experimental and dynamic form. In such programmes, rather than having a predetermined set of study material, an aggregate of materials about the related subject is made available, with the scope of instant inclusions of new developments. They in the more basic essence, are the open sourced materials. Also, the platforms provide the opportunity of peer interaction for collaborative studies. This technique is based on the outlook that learning should be an interactive and ever evolving process. On the other hand, there is xMOOC, which follows more of the traditional methodology, like the university structured courses. These format is in restrictive, as the course material is close licensed, and hence may not be available to everyone. The primary objective in this case, more often is qualification rather than the actual process of learning. This method, too, gives emphasis on community interaction.

Some of the premiere MOOC platforms happen to be edX, Coursera and Udacity. Now that’s what I would like to call learning made fun and easy!

Website Reference:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course

ZERO INVESTMENT BUSINESS IDEAS.

Photo by Dom J on Pexels.com

Whenever it comes to our own business, most of us hesitate because of the risk and that risk is of the money we are going to invest but what if I say you can start your business without any investment? ? Yes you read it correct today I am going to share some business ideas which requires zero investment. If you have a job then don’t leave your job because businesses are very uncertain in initial stages and also you cannot make risk management plan in the beginning itself because you will not having much assets to hold you up . start your business along with your job and read the signals you are getting from it. If you see potential growth and and good chances of growth then you can quit your job and reinvest the revenue you generated to expand and grow your business.

Now coming to the point, below are some business ideas, you can start with literally zero investment.

  1. EVENT PLANNER – If your city is having fine population and good number of restaurants, cafes and malls Then event planner will be a right choice for you. There are lots of events like wedding, anniversary, birthdays, corporate events, kitty party, freshers and farewell etc. You have to tie up with local venues, caterers, decorators etc and you can charge your management fees.
  2. CONSULTANT- If you have deep knowledge and expertise in a particular field or subject you can become a freelance consultant. Let say you are a law student and you have good knowledge in corporate laws or you are an MBA student you can be a business consultant. There can infinite fields. But make sure you have good knowledge don’t misguide anyone.
  3. CAREER COUNSELLOR-THE career counsellors are in demand now a days due to vast career options students are confused about what to choose. You can 10th appearing students to which subject to choose or 12th pass and graduates to find their potential. Many schools invites career counsellors for conducting sessions in their schools.
  4. FITNESS TRAINER-with the increasing consciousness for health, the demand for fitness trainers are also increasing you can start it with just a website and can start giving fitness training through vedio call and make a diet plan for them.
  5. WRITER- If you love writing and have good relation with words you can become a professional writer .you can be an ebook writer, copywriter, you can write content for brouchers, magazines, posters, flyers or websites or digital banners.

Bubonic Plague: Another pandemic spreads in China after Corona, emergency had to be imposed, learn about it

Priya Yadav,

A second epidemic has now spread to China, claiming to have recovered from the Corona epidemic. It is an epidemic- bubonic plague. According to reports, a three-year-old child from Meghai County in Yunnan province of China has been affected by the plague. Only last week there was news of a plague outbreak, but it was confirmed on Sunday. An emergency has now been imposed in the southwestern part of China. Earlier, three mice infected with the plague were also found dead in Yunnan. According to reports, the condition of the child is stable at the moment, but the Chinese administration has declared a fourth level emergency so that the epidemic does not take a form of deterioration.

According to the Chinese government newspaper Global Times, information has been released about the spread of the disease in mice in the Shiding village of Manghai. Two months ago, several cases of plague were reported in northern Mongolia, after which a third level warning was issued across the country. There were 22 suspected plague cases in Mongolia, of which six were confirmed.

Two other cases of bubonic plague were reported in Khovd province in July, after which more than 140 people were investigated. According to reports at the time, a shepherd was exposed to the disease in the northern interior Mongolia region of China. After this, the administration appealed not to hunt animals and eat meat at the local level.
The bubonic plague is also called the ‘black death’. This is a very old epidemic. Due to this, crores of people have died. This pandemic has made people a widespread victim three times until now. Due to this, about five crore people have died for the first time, the second time one-third of Europe’s population, and the third time around 80 thousand people have died.
How is this disease?
According to experts, the disease is caused by bacteria found in wild mice. The disease is transmitted to wild mice and then after its death, plague bacteria enter the human body through fleas. On the bite of these fleas, the infected bacteria get into the person’s blood and the person becomes infected with the plague.
The bacterium that spreads bubonic plague is the Yersinia pestis bacterium. It attacks the body’s lymph nodes (lymph nodes), blood, and lungs. Although it is an old epidemic, its cases continue to be seen even today, as happened in China and Mongolia. In 1994, there were about 700 cases of bubonic plague in India, out of which 52 people died. It is said that the disease was known as the ‘Plague of Justinian’ in the sixth and eighth centuries. About two and a half to five crore people died then. After this, in 1347, when a third of Europe’s population died of bubonic plague, it was named ‘Black Death’. Scientists are making efforts to make the plague vaccine, but this vaccine has not yet been available.