Psychology is a field in science that studies the mind. It is often identified as one of the newest fields in science but dates back much further.

Aristotle, (384BC – 322BC) a Greek philosopher, discovered the five senses – sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell. With these senses one feels pleasure or pain. He also stated that of all the living beings, only humans have the ability to think, and theorised the connection between mind and body, and mind and reason.

Hippocrates and Galen, both Greek physicians, pointed out that humans can be recognised by their behaviour.

The field developed little through passing centuries, and Johann Weyer (1515 – 88) laid out facts that the mental illnesses which were attributed to witchcraft came from natural causes. During the 18th century, philosophers gained new knowlege through anatomy of the brain and the nervous system. Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, classified the mind into knowing, feeling and willing, which are parts of thinking process.

In the 19th century many psychological laboratories were built across Europe, which helps to analyse a person’s behaviour and their mental well-being. The old idea that mental disturbance was the result of the person’s environmental forces acting on the mind was disproved.

Machine learning is associate application of computer science (AI) that has systems the flexibility to mechanically learn and improve from expertise while not being expressly programmed.

Machine learning focuses on the event of pc programs that may access information and use it to be told for themselves.

Some Machine Learning strategies,

• supervised machine learning algorithms
• unattended machine learning algorithms
• Semi-supervised machine learning algorithms
• Reinforcement machine learning algorithms
  Supervised machine learning algorithms:
  ✓ It will apply what has been learned within the past to new information. examples:To predict future events.
  ✓ The system is ready to produce targets for any new input when comfortable coaching.
  Unsupervised machine learning algorithms:
  ✓ It used once the knowledge accustomed train is neither classified.

✓ The system doesn’t discern the correct output, however it explores the info and may draw inferences from datasets to explain hidden structures.

Semi-supervised machine learning algorithms:
✓ It fall somewhere in between supervised and unattended learning, since they use each labeled and unlabeled information for coaching.

✓ Usually, semi-supervised learning is chosen once the noninheritable labeled information needs sure-handed and relevant resources so as to coach it .

Reinforcement machine learning algorithms:
✓ it’s a learning methodology that interacts with its atmosphere by manufacturing actions and discovers errors.

✓This methodology permits machines and code agents to mechanically verify the behavior at intervals a particular context so as to maximise its performance.

Machine learning allows analysis of large quantities of knowledge. whereas it usually delivers quicker, a lot of correct ends up in order to spot profitable opportunities or dangerous risks, it should additionally need overtime and resources to coach it properly. Combining machine learning with AI and psychological feature technologies will create it even simpler in process giant volumes of data.

From its snowy mountains to its calm lakes, from pashminas to its delightful apples Kashmir has captivated each and every one with its breathtaking beauty. Indeed, its beauty is unearthly rather it’s the glimpse of that heaven on the seventh sky. But to me, it’s like that extremely beautiful, innocent girl whom every eye desires, from whom all know how to take but none knows how to give. To me, Kashmir is that lovely yet helpless girl who has been captured and exploited over and over again by her cold-blooded admirers. In the end, she gets rewarded with compliments for her beauty but her pain is left uncared for.

In 1947, India achieved its Independence from the British after 200 years of their colonial rule. But the independence didn’t come easy because with it came partition. The subcontinent split into two, an Islamic Pakistan and a secular but predominantly Hindu India. While the subcontinent was in the throes of the birthing of the nations, Kashmir, a princely state was confused. Being a Hindu king with a Muslim majority state Hari Singh was not able to decide. Should he accede to one of the new nations or stay sovereign. With no decision from Maharaja, impatient Pakistan launched the operation Gulmarg through which it occupied a part of Jammu and Kashmir which today is known as Azad Kashmir in Pakistan or PoJK as called by India. As a consequence of this Kashmir acceded to India in October 1947 on the conditions of having autonomy and a promise of a plebiscite in the coming years. Fast forward, the autonomy is gone and plebiscite is yet to happen.

Kashmir is one of the most disputed places on earth. For 70 years it’s been at the centre of three wars fought between two massive armies. The land of Kashmir has come a long way travelling the paths of struggle brimming with a long history of constant militancy.

Pakistan argues that being a Muslim majority territory Kashmir rightfully belongs to them while India insists that Kashmir was handed over to them by the Hindu monarch so they double downed and added Kashmir to their constitution. But in this Indo-Pak rivalry what really at stake is the voice of Kashmiris who are caught in a vicious cycle of violence. The territorial dispute has only gifted the legacy of a constant struggle for peace to the Kashmiri people. Many live their entire lives through this conflict, born and died under a curfew.

The heart of Kashmir can be contained with two perceptions; the alleged rivalries of religious identities. One of the most tragic happenings in the history of Kashmir was the 1990 Exodus of Kashmiri Pandits. Thousands of Kashmiri Pandits became victims of communal violence and were forced to leave their homeland. According to Kashmiri Pandit Sangharsh Samiti, more than 70,000 families fled between 1990 and 1992. The flight continued till 2000. The KPSS has placed the number of Kashmir Pandits killed by militants from 1990 to 2011 at 399. Many of the Kashmiri Pandits have been living in the refugee camps of Jammu to date. The nature of the exodus has remained controversial. The Kashmiri Muslim view of the exodus is that the then governor Jagmohan encouraged Kashmiri Pandits to depart the Valley and thus gave a communal colour to what was until then a non-religious Kashmiri cause. However, the Kashmiri Pandits believe that The Kashmiri Muslims with whom they had lived amicably for centuries drove them out of their homes with vengeance. The truth, many commentators have concluded may lie somewhere in the middle. But the question you need to ask yourself is, does this tragic happening of the past justifies the human rights violations of the many Kashmiris by the Indian State till now. You can’t use the Kashmiri Pandit exodus to overshadow the collective Kashmiri struggle for identity and self-determination. The abuses range from mass killings, enforced disappearances, torture, rape and sexual abuse to political repression and suppression of freedom of speech. Thousands of Kashmiri civilians and suspected insurgents have been killed by the Indian security forces in custody, extrajudicial killings, fake encounters and enforced disappearances.

In an incident of July 18, 2020, three Kashmiri youth who were alleged to be militants were killed in an encounter. A recent investigation revealed that an Indian army captain along with two others staged the encounter of the three boys who were actually labourers to receive a reward of around $30,000. These human rights violations are said to be carried out by Indian forces under total impunity. Indian authorities use the Armed Forces Special Power Act (AFSPA) to avoid holding its security forces responsible for the deaths of civilians. Pellet guns- a weapon meant to be deployed for crowd control have been responsible for blinding, killing and traumatizing people in Kashmir.

Kashmiri women are amongst the worst sufferers of sexual abuse in the World. Due to the impact of conflict and uncertainty in the territory, many people suffer from various psychological problems and post-traumatic disorders. Kashmiri women are reportedly said to be highly prone to suicidal tendencies. The incident of Kunan-Poshpora in the Kupwara district is a descriptive account of the horrors inflicted by the armed forces on Kashmiri women. The victims still await justice. Amidst these abuses, access to justice is unlikely in Kashmir. The way justice is denied systematically and how the corporate media of India fails to cover these incidents is a critical crackdown on the democracy of Kashmir.

This is the main concern, people still engage with the institutions only to realize that the establishment, on most events, can’t provide them justice, not because they cannot but because they do not want to.

With this Kashmir remains an open-air prison, leaving people with no control over their lives. While some say Kashmir should go to India and others say Kashmir belongs to Pakistan, Kashmiris seek a democratic right to be recognized. 

The story of Kashmir has numerous narratives to it. One is of the 18-year-old boy who turns to militancy as a result of humiliation and oppression, another is of a mother who isn’t even aware if her son is dead or alive, of a wife whose husband’s disappearance leaves her as a half-widow, of a Kashmiri Pandit who hasn’t returned to his home since 30 years, of a stone pelter who believes that he isn’t throwing stones at soldiers but at the occupation of Kashmir and then comes the narrative of the arm-chair activists from India and Pakistan sitting in their comfortable sofas with their high-speed 4G internet giving opinions about something which hasn’t affected them at all.

In a world full of revenge and malice, humanity seeks forgiveness. More than a territorial dispute, Kashmir is a dispute of right and wrong, freedom and human rights. Between this tussle of right and wrong, paradise has been lost. 

Since all conflicts come from the notion of right and wrong and which is a variable notion it’s always possible for one to have an opinion and still have compassion for someone who has a different opinion. There are always different perspectives about right and wrong but at the end of the day, everyone wants one simple thing, to love and to be loved.

Human resource management (HRM or HR) is the strategic approach to the effective and efficient management of people in a company or organization such that they help their business gain a competitive advantage. It is designed to maximize employee performance in service of an employer’s strategic objectives.^{[1][need quotation to verify]} Human resource management is primarily concerned with the management of people within organizations, focusing on policies and systems.^[2] HR departments are responsible for overseeing employee-benefits design, employee recruitment, training and development, performance appraisal, and reward management, such as managing pay and Employee benefits benefit systems.^[3] HR also concerns itself with organizational change and industrial relations, or the balancing of organizational practices with requirements arising from collective bargaining and governmental laws.^{[4][need quotation to verify]}

The overall purpose of human resources (HR) is to ensure that the organization is able to achieve success through people.^[5] HR professionals manage the human capital of an organization and focus on implementing policies and processes. They can specialize in finding, recruiting, training, and developing employees, as well as maintaining employee relations or benefits. Training and development professionals ensure that employees are trained and have continuous development. This is done through training programs, performance evaluations, and reward programs. Employee relations deals with the concerns of employees when policies are broken, such as cases involving harassment or discrimination. Managing employee benefits includes developing compensation structures, parental leave programs, discounts, and other benefits for employees. On the other side of the field are HR generalists or business partners. These HR professionals could work in all areas or be labour relations representatives working with unionized employees.

HR is a product of the human relations movement of the early 20th Century, when researchers began documenting ways of creating business value through the strategic management of the workforce.^[6] It was initially dominated by transactional work, such as payroll and benefits administration, but due to globalization, company consolidation, technological advances, and further research, HR as of 2015 focuses on strategic initiatives like mergers and acquisitions, talent management, succession planning, industrial and labor relations, and diversity and inclusion. In the current global work environment, most companies focus on lowering employee turnover and on retaining the talent and knowledge held by their workforce.^{[citation needed]} New hiring not only entails a high cost but also increases the risk of a new employee not being able to adequately replace the position of the previous employee. HR departments strive to offer benefits that will appeal to workers, thus reducing the risk of losing employee commitment and psychological ownership.

This year marked the 47^th year of the G7 summit, which was held in Cornwall, United Kingdom. Earlier the 46^th edition of the G7 summit was cancelled due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Group of Seven or G7 is the group of seven major advanced nations. It is an inter-governmental political group. It was formed on 25 March 1973 under the Library group. This year it was held between the 11^th to 13^th of June 2021.

Member countries of the G7 include the United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the European Union (EU). The European Union is not majorly a part of the Group of Seven, but it is a welcome participant in all the meetings and decision making since 1981. These nations were represented by either their Prime Minister or President or Chancellor. The United States was represented by its President Joe Biden, alongside France’s President Emmanuel Macron. Canada, Italy, Japan was represented by their Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, Mario Draghi and Yoshihide Suga, respectively. Whereas Germany on the other hand was represented by its Chancellor Angela Merkel. European Union was represented by its President Ursula von der Leyen, who has been representing it since the start of the 38^th edition of the G7 summit.

This year’s G7 summit also had its guest nation in the form of Australia, India, South Korea, and South Africa. Australia was represented by its Prime Minister Scott Morrison, India by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, South Korea by President Moon Jae-In and South Africa by President Cyril Ramaphosa. Antonio Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations also attended the Summit.

The agenda of this 3-day summit included the ongoing Covid-19 Pandemic and climate change. Various other agendas include the international coordination on economic policies, digital currencies, and the peace for Taiwan Strait. Japanese Prime Minister also stated Japan’s determination to host the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic games.

China, on the other hand, reacted negatively to this summit. China accused the group of “meddling, lies, and false accusations”. China also denounced the group’s support for the violent Hong Kong protest and Uyghur militants in the Xinjiang region. A Chinese spokesperson from the embassy in London also stated its reaction to the Taiwan Strait saying, “The days when global decisions were dictated by a small group of countries are long gone.”

Mental health awareness is an important issue for all educators, who are often the first line of defense for their students. Education professionals have recognized the impact that a student’s mental health has on learning and achievement, and they realize that there’s a great deal that can be done to help students with mental health issues. As a high school teacher with more than 23 years of experience, I welcome the fact that mental health awareness is finally becoming an important part of a school’s function and curriculum.

Seeing the Signs in My Student

A few years ago, a student in my senior class changed drastically in a short period of time. I noticed that Melina no longer did her homework, and she didn’t even try on her essays. Previously meticulous in her appearance, Melina would come to school disheveled, wearing the same clothes. When I tried to speak to her, she was uncharacteristically distant and withdrawn. Because I had some training in mental health awareness, I knew Melina was in some sort of trouble.

Luckily, my school had social workers on staff who could speak to Melina and assess her issues. They discovered that Melina was depressed and suicidal, and she needed an immediate psychiatric intervention. Melina was hospitalized for a period of time, but she was able to return to my classroom a few months later. With the help of medication and therapy, she managed to graduate with her class.

Understanding the Impact

The National Alliance on Mental Illness estimates that one in five people live with some sort of mental disorder or disease. Despite the fact that the average age of early signs of mental illness is 14, most individuals don’t seek help until adulthood. Underlining the seriousness is the fact that 60 percent of high school students with mental illness don’t graduate.

New York mental health experts recognized that earlier intervention could result in more positive outcomes for these students. Beginning in July 2018, New York will be the first state in the nation to require mental health education for all students. The overall mission of New York’s School Mental Health (SMH) program is to promote healthy social, emotional, and behavioral development of students, and “break down barriers to learning so the general well-being of students, families, and school staff can be enhanced in collaboration with other comprehensive student support and services.”

The SMH program supports the emotional health and academic growth of all students with the following:

• Integrating comprehensive services and support throughout every grade level
• Assessing mental health needs through universal, selective, and targeted interventions
• Providing access to behavioral and mental health services and programs
• Leveraging higher-level personnel, such as those working with the Department of Education, for necessary support and services
• Building collaborative relationships between the school and students’ families and communities

Spreading Awareness Across the Nation

Until mental health education is a mandatory aspect of all schools, teachers and administrators can work to promote awareness with their students. Key elements to shine a light on include the concept of self-care and responsibility for one’s own mental health and wellness, with an emphasis on the fact that mental health is an integral part of health, and the concept of recovery from mental illness.

Teachers and students should be provided with ways to recognize signs of developing mental health problems, and there should be opportunities around the awareness and management of mental health crises, including the risk of suicide or self-harm. Further, instruction should address the relationship between mental health, substance abuse, and other negative coping behaviors, as well as the negative impact of stigma and cultural attitudes toward mental illness.

Further reading: Social-Emotional Learning

Because teens spend most of their day at school, it just makes sense to have mental health awareness and education become part of the curriculum. When we empower students with knowledge, and encourage dialogue, students will be able to get the help they need.