Month: July 2021

Basics of Vaccines

Latin word Variolae vaccinae is the origin of the word vaccine. In 1798 for the first time Edward Jenner developed first vaccine to prevent smallpox. Now vaccine is a biological preparation. It is produced from living organisms. And it will help to induce immunity or sometimes cure the disease. Vaccines can be administered orally or by injection or by nasal routes. Mostly vaccines are in liquid form.

there are types in vaccines
  1. LIVE-ATTENUATED VACCINE: In this type, vaccine is prepared using the living microbes which cause the disease. In laboratories a culture of these organisms is grown and the isolated organisms are weakened or disabled. Even though the microbe is alive, it will loose the capacity to cause harm. The organisms can be disabled by culturing them in sub optimal conditions. These are relatively safe and produce strong response and create long memory. But these are very expensive to produce.
  2. INACTIVATED VACCINE: Here the disease causing microbe is killed or we can say inactivated through various means. Treating with chemical agents or thermal treatment. These inactivated microbes are purified and formulated into vaccine. This type of vaccine are very safe but the memory created will be comparatively of shorter duration.
  3. RECOMBINANT SUB-UNIT VACCINE: Here the microbe is genetically modified and their potential to cause harm is reduced or removed. Some of the components of the microbe can be prepared separately by genetic recombination. Like only a part of protein or DNA can be synthesized and formulated into vaccine.
  4. TOXOID VACCINE: If the disease causing microbe is affecting because of the toxic substance that produces, the toxin can be isolated and purified through cultures of the microbe. And then this toxin can be treated chemically so that it will not cause any harm but will be enough to cause the immune reaction in the body. The inactivated toxin is formulated into the vaccine. This type of vaccine is easy to produce and is very safe. But these will also have shorter memory.
what dose a vaccine contains?

The vaccine is not only composed of the antigen in bulk. It contains some additional fluid also. They contain preservatives to have a good shelf life and to ensure sterility and check contamination. These preservatives will not be toxic at the concentration used. The may sometimes have saline or water. Vaccine may also contain adjuvants. An adjuvant is a substance which helps the vaccine to generate stronger immune response. You can say they make vaccines work better. Aluminum salt is a common example for adjuvant.

working of vaccines:

If you get infected, the body will show defense against the foreign substance and immune reaction would have been initiated and the person will get sick. The vaccine is the mimic of the disease causing microbe and will generate immune response without making the person sick. The mimics trigger the antibodies production in the body. Antibodies bind to these mimics and destroy them with the help of immune cells. This helps the immune system to quickly recognize the enemy if they enter again.

Vaccines have great impact on public health. They help to reduce human mortality. They prevent the entire population from the risk of infectious diseases. Many diseases were due to vaccination programs. Polio is an example to that. So everybody should get vaccinated to conquer the pandemic that we are currently facing.

Advertisement & Consumer Buying Behavior

Image Source: google.com

Advertisement has today become one of the most important aspects of all business and to imagine life without it is almost impossible. Advertising is all over all places, on TV and radio, in newspapers and magazines, on billboards and even plastered across the side of the buses. If an advertisement can really persuade us to buy a product, surely it can be just as effective in persuading us to think in a certain way. Advertising has a great influence on our daily lives whether we are aware or oblivious of it.

Consumer is someone who buys and makes use of a product. Therefore, consumer maintain the production cycle moving in addition to play a crucial position in the economic position of any country, as a result, any country will face crisis if consumers don’t have the effective call for items produced. Consumers call for special commodities is primarily based totally on their taste and choice for them. Consciousness of good affects consumer purchase of that good. Other elements that have an effect on one’s taste and choice for a good are psychological and environmental. Taste and choice for a product change overtime. Thus, advertisements play a role in influencing taste and choice of consumers choice.

Consumer behavior includes what they buy, why they buy it, when they buy it, where they buy it, how often they buy it, how often they use it and how they dispose of it. In other words, consumer behavior is a behavior of individuals in regard to acquiring, using, and disposing of products, services, ideas or experiences.

Advertising has big stimulating impact on shopping behavior of the consumers. Mostly, marketing and marketing is greater powerful on merchandise which have intrinsic features. Qualities aren’t acknowledged on the time of buy and it takes one to find out the features upon the use of the product. And, whilst there may be a full-size danger of differentiating a product, it pleasant fits to put it on the market on that product.

Types Of Consumer Buying Behavior

There are four types of consumers buying behaviour namely, dissonance reducing, habitual, variety seeking and complex buying behaviour.

Dissonance reducing behaviour occurs when the customer finds it difficult to differentiate among the brands. So, consumers may respond primarily to a relatively better price. After the purchase, consumer might experience post purchase dissonance. This is the consumer behaviour displayed mostly by uninformed consumers.

Habitual buying behaviour is a consumer purchase decision whereby the consumers level of involvement is low. So, consumers don’t search much information among the available brands, and they don’t find important differences among the brands and buy the product without a high level of involvement. If the consumer keeps buying the same brand repeatedly, it becomes their habit.

In case of variety seeking buying behaviour the level of consumer involvement is low, but consumer perceive significant differences among the brands. In variety seeking buying behaviour, consumers very often switch from one brand to another. This type of decision is common among consumers who want to stay ahead of the latest fashion trends.

Complex buying behavior can be defined when consumers are highly involved in making a purchase decision. It calls for a high level of involvement on the part of the consumer. In the case of high involvement, consumers distinguish salient differences among the competing brands. Consumers are involved in case of expensive and highly self-expressive products.

SAY NO TO OVERCROWDING

Uttarakhand Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami has acknowledged the cultural significance of Kanwar Yatra but reiterated that his government’s priority remains saving lives amid the Covid-19 pandemic. The development comes hours after the Indian Medical Association or IMA wrote to Uttarakhand Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami to disallow the Kanwar Yatra this year in light of the possible third wave of the pandemic.

Image: Tour my India

Every year, thousands of ‘Kanwariyas’ (devotees of Lord Shiva) from northern states travel on foot or by other means to collect water from River Ganga at Haridwar to offer at Shiva temples in their areas as part of the yatra. But due to ongoing pandemic situation, IMA has suggested for cancellation of the yatra as this may act as super spreaders.

Recently P M Narendra Modi has called out maskless tourists and those who are violating the norms by going to crowded markets that could be the invitation to third wave of covid. We had recently faced a worst nightmare of second wave; still people are forgetting those painful lesson and continue to violate the norms.

Although, we all know covid never distinguishes between pilgrimage, tours and shopping etc. Earlier, this year Kumbh act as super spreader and we all familiar with the previous wave. Now, we even know the different variants. These are enough evidences to deny kanwar yatra for this year.

UP CM Yogi Adityanath has suggested to allow the yatra with a restricted number of kanwariyas . Religious events in India are always chaotic and it’s always difficult to manage the huge crowd during festivities. Even countries like Saudi Arabia allowed Hajj to only 60,000 pilgrimages including people who are only fully vaccinated and disallowing believers from abroad for a second straight year. This is a model every country should follow-either cancel these gatherings or proceed with only fully vaccinated ones.

Image : Shutter stock

Government must take appropriate action to discourage mass gatherings, irrespective of any reason behind these crowds. Season of festivals also approaching but we should not forget the learnt lessons from past. This celebration should depend on the pace of vaccination and how quickly the virus is spreading. Only disallowing mass gathering and proper vaccination is the only option.

Animated movie worth watching

Some of the animated movies for once a watch.

  1. Coco (2017)

2. Ghost in the shell (1996)


3. Arthur Christmas(2011)


4. Wreck it Ralph(2012)


5.The illusionist (2010)


6.Long way north(2016)


7. I lost my body(2019)


8. A bug’s Life(1998)


9. The Simpsons Movie(2007)


10. ParaNorman(2012)

Bard of Avon

I assume that only some can recognize the name “Bard of Avon” of the great poet, playwright, actor “William Shakespeare”. The name “Bard of Avon” was given to him in recognition of his stature as great poet and the unofficial national poet of England. Many of us might have known him by his famous plays, poems and Sonnet. But it is not necessary that we all know about him and his life.

Speaking of the great person, the life of Shakespeare has a fair number of facts, but on these facts the industry of commentators has constructed an additional mass of great magnitude and complexity. His birthdate was not clear but from the church records, he was baptized in the parish church at Stratford-on-Avon on April 26, 1564. He may be born on April 23 which happens also to be his death date in 1616. His father, John Shakespeare was a burgess of the town and also done the occupations of a butcher, glover and a farmer. He attended the grammar school of the town. Ben Johnson himself a competent scholar affirmed that Shakespeare knew “small latin and less Greek”. A bond dated November 28, 1528 shows clear evidence of Shakespeare’s marriage on that date to a certain “Anne Hathway of Stratford”. He was only eighteen when he was married and his bride was eight years older than him.

In 1584, Shakespeare left his native town. The reason is unknown. But the most popular explanation which appeared after his death was that he as accused of hunting on the estate of local magnate, Sir Thomas Lucy and he fled to escape the consequences. Shakespeare the reappears as a rising star and again disappeared after 1592. During the time he is said to wandering the country and finally coming to London. In London he has done may jobs like holding horses at the stage door. On the face of them such tales are not improbable, but they grew up when the dramatist had become a half mythical figure. It is also said that he may have spent much of the time in the Low countries on service with the armies of the Earl of Leicester.

In 1592, Robert Greene in a carping book called A Groatsworth of Wit, mentions in his own conceit the only Shakescene in a country”. In 1595, his name appears on the payroll of the Lord Chamberlain’s company of actors. His chief function was to write dramas for his company and the fruit of such labour was his plays.

About 1610, Shakespeare left London for Stratford, where he stayed at new place, a house that he had bought in 1597. He may have written his plays there, but it is likely that his connection with his company of actors ceased when the globe theatre was burned down during a performance of Henry VIII in 1613. His will, executed document is dated March 25, 1616. His death occurred a month later April 23.

Shakespeare’s poetical work is worthily represented in the numerous lyrics that are scattered through the plays. His two long narrative poems “Venus and Adonis” ( 1593) were the oldest of his writings. The sonnets themselves consist of 154 numbers which are all composed in the English form of the sonnet.

His plays that are usually accepted as beind Shakespeare’s almost endless discussion has risen. For example, A midsummer night’s dream, Macbeth, Twelfth night, Love’s Labour’s Lost etc.,

He more likely lived the life of a common man and so.

Why Self-Help Books ?

Undoubtedly, reading books is the finest way towards personal growth and is considered to be one of the most intellectually beneficial activities. People who are in the habit of reading books are usually the ones who are considered to be among the most literate and learned class of society.

Different people have different tastes in reading. They prefer reading books that suit their personalities, ambitions, and likings. Some like to read about fiction, some about politics, some about business, some about romance, some about spirituality, and some like to dive deep into the historical past. Despite the diversity in the reading habits of people, many avid book readers love to read books on the subject of “self-help,” too.

The popularity of self-help books is not a vogue. There is a proper justifiable reason behind this popularity, which is that self-help books can and have transformed the lives, or at least some aspects of the lives, of millions of people around the globe.

There are several benefits of reading self-help books. The prime benefit of reading self-help books is that the experience that it provides puts the reader on a path to read, practice the strategies learned, and make improvements in their lives without asking for other’s help.

Self-help books charge you with positive energy. And not only you feel that energy within yourself, but you also carry and start spreading it all around. You create a positive atmosphere around yourself and charge up the environment wherever you go. And we all know that a more focused and energized worker is always more productive and is appreciated everywhere. In fact, several businesses provide their employees with complimentary self-help books or keep those books in public areas of the office, like the canteen or the lounge. And of course, they ain’t doing this in vain, they do have a point.

Moreover, Reading self-help books can also build a higher sense of confidence in a person – over time that in turn can help a person to get out of almost any challenging situation without seeking other’s help. Another important benefit of self-help books is that it strengthens the reader by developing a mentally tough attitude of relying on oneself. It instills the skill of addressing and untying the knots of day-to-day life.

In a nutshell, the limitless advantages of reading self-help books cannot all be summarized in a short article. However, reading and benefiting from self-help books is all about learning, applying, and taking continuous swift action. It is always encouraged to get used to the habit of reading, particularly self-help books, in order to experience the true transforming and life-enriching benefits of books. Hopefully, as a result of doing so, you too will be able to realize your dream by reaching your greatest and most fulfilling potential.

WRITER’S BLOCK

Are you stuck?

Everyone who writes on a regular basis is familiar with a little situation called “writer’s block”. It is a phase where the writers are unable to find inspiration for a new article or even have a hard time keep the old one going. There is a creative lull for a period of time and there are absolutely no new ideas. This time is very frustrating for a writer because the wanders but no inspiration can be found anywhere.

Writer’s block is not necessarily caused due to lack of writing skills or lack of commitment. There are very many reasons like stress or burnout , maybe some health issues or family issues, there could be numerous other reasons. For novelists, this situation arises when they lose touch with their story or the characters in it. If there are too many distractions around it is natural for a writer to lose his writing spree and give into those distractions. One of the more complicated reasons could be that the writer is afraid to fail. Fear of failure can lead to overthinking which finally derails the writer from their main goal. Another could be the pressure of being a perfectionist and not being satisfied with your own ideas. In all of these situations the writers could still be motivated but there would be zero creativity.

If, as a writer, you are facing a writer’s block, here are some ideas that would help you get your creative juices flowing.
1. CHANGE YOUR ENVIRONMENT: If you are cooped up in one corner of your office all day everyday trying to think, your brain will definitely go into a dead end. It is very important that you change your surroundings every once in a while. New place, new ideas and as a bonus it would be very refreshing for your brain.
2. TAKE A NAP: Sleep is the ultimate solution to majority of our problems. Lack of rest can cause unwanted stress and could ultimately lead to burnout. Even for a writer it is necessary to take 7-8 hours of sleep to reduce stress and improve the mood. Not only that it also keeps you mentally healthy and you perform better.
3. WRITE ANYTHING: An accomplished writer can make sense out of randomly written sentences too. So, if you are facing your share of writer’s block just write anything that comes to your mind. Start with writing random words and soon the words with start making sense and connecting together and voila you have your new idea.
4. DO SOMETHING RECREATIONAL: Sometimes to remove a block you need to get away from the thing all together. Take some time off and do something else than writing. Take out some paint and start painting random pictures, go for a walk, go for a hike, just divert your mind and when you are done you’ll have a whole new perspective on things. Your brain will work faster and you will come out of your block in no time.
5. TALK IT OUT: Communication is the best way to let things out. Call an old friend or talk to your family. Maybe the conversation will strike up some new ideas or will help you get that load off your mind and heart.
6. DON’T PUT TOO MUCH PRESSURE ON YOURSELF: Everyone wants to succeed but putting too much pressure on yourself won’t get you anywhere. Keep your perfectionist side aside and just let the ideas flow.

Just like rejection or failure is a part of your success, writer’s block is also just a phase and not something that will stick with you permanently. Don’t stop writing completely because your are facing a block. Keep going. You never know when the inspiration will knock on your door again. Be patient, remember your ideas are there somewhere in your mind just try some of the techniques mentioned above and the block will disappear in no time and the ideas will start flowing once again.

Types Of Diets

A diet is best described as a fixed plan of eating and drinking where the type and amount of food are planned out in order to achieve weight loss or follow a particular lifestyle. There are thousands of diets. Some are for losing weight, while others are for gaining weight, lowering cholesterol, living a long and healthful life, and many other reasons.

Ketogenic Diet

The ketogenic diet has been utilized for quite a long time as a treatment for epilepsy and is likewise being investigated for different employments. It includes decreasing starch admission and increasing fat admission. It sounds in opposition to good judgment, however it permits the body to consume fat as a fuel, instead of sugars.
Solid fats, for example, those in avocados, coconuts, Brazil nuts, seeds, slick fish, and olive oil are generously added to the eating routine to keep up a general accentuation on fat.
The eating regimen causes the separate of fat stores for fuel and makes substances called ketones through a cycle called ketosis. This eating regimen has hazards incorporating ketoacidosis for individuals with type 1 diabetes, be that as it may, and may bring about diabetic trance state and demise. Albeit most investigations are 2 years or less, there is some encouraging exploration according to diabetes the executives, metabolic wellbeing, weight reduction, and body sythesis change.

Vegetarian Diet

There are various types of vegetarian: lacto vegetarian, fruitarian vegetarian, lacto-ovo vegetarian, living food diet vegetarian, ovo vegetarian, pesco vegetarian, and semi vegetarian. The majority of vegetarians are lacto-ovo vegetarians, in other words, they do not eat animal-based foods, except for eggs, dairy, and honey. Studies over the last few years have shown that vegetarians have a lower body weight, suffer less from diseases, and typically have a longer life expectancy than people who eat meat.

Raw Food Diet

The crude food/Raw food diet, or crude foodism, includes burning-through nourishments and beverages that are not handled, are totally plant-based, and preferably natural. Raw foodists accept that in any event 75% of an individual’s food admission should comprise of uncooked food. A critical number of crude foodists are additionally vegetarians and don’t eat or drink whatever is creature based. There are four fundamental sorts of crude foodists: Raw veggie lovers, Raw vegetarians, Raw omnivores, and Raw carnivores.

Zone Diet

The Zone diet aims for a nutritional balance of 40 percent carbohydrates, 30 percent fats, and 30 percent protein in each meal. The focus is also on controlling insulin levels, which may result in more successful weight loss and body weight control than other approaches. The Zone diet encourages the consumption of high-quality carbohydrates – unrefined carbohydrates, and fats, such as olive oil, avocado, and nuts.

Vegan Diet

Veganism is to a greater degree a lifestyle and a way of thinking than an eating regimen. A veggie lover doesn’t eat whatever is creature based, including eggs, dairy, and nectar. Vegetarians don’t ordinarily embrace veganism only for wellbeing reasons, yet additionally for ecological, moral, and ethical reasons.

Vegans accept that cutting edge concentrated cultivating techniques are awful for our current circumstance and impractical in the long haul. If everyone ate plant-based food, the climate would profit, creatures would endure less, more food would be delivered, and individuals would for the most part appreciate better physical and psychological well-being.

Mediterranean Diet

The Mediterranean eating routine is Southern European, and all the more explicitly centers around the wholesome propensities for the individuals of Crete, Greece, and southern Italy. These days, Spain, southern France, and Portugal are likewise included, despite the fact that Portugal doesn’t contact the Mediterranean Sea. The accentuation is on bunches of plant nourishments, new natural products as pastry, beans, nuts, entire grains, seeds, olive oil as the primary wellspring of dietary fats. Cheddar and yogurts are the fundamental dairy nourishments. The eating routine additionally incorporates moderate measures of fish and poultry, up to around four eggs for each week, limited quantities of red meat, and low to direct measures of wine. Up to 33% of the Mediterranean eating regimen comprises of fat, with immersed fats not surpassing 8 percent of calorie consumption. The Mediterranean eating routine is the most widely contemplated diet to date, with dependable examination supporting its utilization for improving an individual’s personal satisfaction and bringing down illness hazard.

Healthy tip to return to the office

Offices around the country are finally opening back up. According to census.gov, more than a third of Americans are still working from home , but the number of people getting back into their daily commutes-and their work clothes — is growing every day.
In the APA’s Stress in America™ poll conducted in February 2021, 42 percent of Americans reported undesired weight gain during COVID-19 quarantines, lockdowns and work-from-home time. Their average weight gain: 29 pounds.
To get back into a healthier routine once you head into the office, Courtney McCormick, registered dietitian and manager of clinical research & nutrition at Nutrisystem, offers these simple tips.
Pile on the Produce: Even the odds and help yourself stay on track when you clock in. Load up on non-starchy vegetables such as cucumbers, peppers, carrots and more each day because they’re loaded with vitamins, minerals and fiber, but they’re low on calories. The fiber helps you feel full without filling out.
Pack Satisfying Snacks: Healthy snacks may be the most important option you can give yourself at the office. When you start to feel that 3 p.m. slump, it can be so easy to grab one of those coworker-brought bagels or hit the vending machine. Being prepared with satisfying options can help you make food decisions to meet your health goals.
Make Meals Ahead: Meal prepping ahead of time can help you stay on track when it’s time to eat at the office. Pre-portioned meals such as those from Nutrisystem or power bowl recipes are a great healthy lunch meal prep option because they are easy to grab and go, yet heartier than a salad. You can also whip up several servings of chicken in the slow cooker or on the grill to pair with steamed veggies all week long.
Stay in the Know: Once you’ve got your healthy meal prep underway, arm yourself with information. When a coworker invites you to lunch or happy hour, you’re going to want to be there-it’s the first one in more than a year! So give yourself the info to concentrate on the experience without stressing about your order. Look at the menu online before you head out so you can see which options are best for your healthy lifestyle.
To add to your efforts, don’t forget to stay hydrated and active during the workday. Pack a water bottle to refill during the day and plan to meet a co-worker for a lunchtime walk. 

Number Systems (In Short)

What is a Number System?

Number System defines a set of values used to represent
quantity.There are different types of Number systems.

Decimal Number

Binary Number

Octal Number

Hexadecimal Number

What is Base/Radix ?

The base of number system is simply the number of
different digits , including zero that exist in the number
system.

A number system of radix r, typically has a set of r
allowed digits belongs to (0,1,2…..r-1).

Example

(N)r (0,1,2,…,r-1)

(195)10 (0,1,2,3,…,9)

Types of Number Systems

SystemBase / RadixSymbols / Digits
Decimal100,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Binary20, 1
Octal80, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7
Hexadecimal160, 1, … 9,A, B, C, D, E, F

Quantities/Counting


Decimal
Binary
Octal		Hexa-
decimal
0000000
1000111
2001022
3001133
4010044
5010155
6011066
7011177
8 1000 10 8
9 1001119
10101012A
11101113B
12110014C
13110115D
14111016E
15111117F
16 10000 2010
17100012111
18100102212
19100112313
20101002414
21101012515
22101102616
23101112717

Peace – The Most Precious Feeling

” The day I understood everything, was the day I stopped trying to figure everything out. The day I knew peace was the day I let everything go. ” This is a beautiful quote by C. Joybell C. Peace has different meaning for different people. Some consider peace as a way of detaching from the world, while some believe it to be the way to find themselves. I personally think peace is happiness.

Peace is the most satisfying feeling in the whole world. It is when you just don’t care anymore. When you stop thinking about anything over and over again. When you are not bothered by anything anymore. When you don’t care what other people think about you. When you stop having expectations about something or maybe from someone. When you aren’t expected to do anything. When you don’t have to fight anymore. When you are patient. When you just don’t trust anyone but yourself.

Peace is eternal. If you find it once truly, it will stay with you forever. If it’s really peace that has come your way, it will never go away. Peace is when you are standing in the open and cold wind blows through your hair. You don’t do anything or think about anything. Then you close your eyes and whatever you see first, any thing or anyone or any feeling, that is peace.

Photo by S Migaj on Pexels.com

Peace is when all your regrets are forgotten. All the mistakes forgiven. All the problems solved. The self doubts cleared. The pressure gone. The hurt healed. The sadness removed. The bad deeds neglected. The guilt ignored. The desperation turned into patience. The anger calmed. The thoughts organized and the mind cleared. That is peace. You feel it, you sense it.

Peace is the most supreme feeling anyone can have. It is greater than happiness. Even greater than the hurt. It is endless while others are temporary. Most difficult to find but the most valuable, most eternal and satisfying emotion. It subsides the anger, it heals the most dreaded hurt and fills the heart with calmness. It’s the ultimate goal of someone’s life. To not care, to not be angry, to not be hurt by betrayal, to be happy and content, to feel nothing but peace, this is life.

Search for peace and when you find it, claim it yours and never let go. Peace makes the soul last forever and ever. The crave for peace is undeniable when you are on the verge of ending everything. When you just can’t tolerate anymore, you desire the sense of calmness, the inner peace. The want doesn’t subside easily. It never ends until you do find your precious peace. Peace makes you wholesome.

The power of peace and calm is unbeatable. The crazy hunger to find peace turns into anger and that anger flows out in the form of tears. The strongest, most desired and the most overwhelming feeling is peace. It consumes you from inside out. It grabs your fear of being lost, throws it away and puts you back on the track of your life. When you have it, you will know the true meaning of peace.

UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDIA

New job creation is a critical endeavour that has a significant economic impact. For most countries, the economic crisis has morphed into a social crisis, resulting in a high rate of unemployment. Unemployment is a condition in which people have the aptitude and ability to work and earn money but are unable to do so due to a lack of suitable employment opportunities. It is also known as “involuntary inactivity.” Unemployment does not imply that there isn’t any work available. It literally means ‘lack of work.’ Unemployment can be characterized as a situation in which a substantial number of able-bodied people of working age are willing to work but are unable to do so at the present wage rate.
The number of persons who are unable to acquire work in relation to the available people in the labor market measures the rate of unemployment in a given country.
Seasonal, Frictional, Cyclical, and Structural unemployment are the most common types of unemployment. In terms of population density, India is the world’s second largest country. The country’s unemployment rate is quite high, owing to the large number of people who are unable to find work.

TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDIA :

Rural Unemployment in India: India’s rural population accounts for around 70% of the total population. However, there is insufficient employment in rural areas for everyone. This can result in two types of unemployment. Unemployment and underemployment are problems that exist in the rural economy at the same time.

Frictional Unemployment: It occurs when people are unemployed for a brief period of time while looking for a new job or changing occupations. The time gap between jobs is known as frictional unemployment, also known as Search Unemployment. Frictional unemployment is referred to as voluntary unemployment because the source of unemployment is not a lack of jobs, but rather the workers’ own decision to leave in search of better chances. It exists because people move from places, jobs, and sectors where their productivity is low to places where their productivity is high, and they should be encouraged to do so.

Disguised Unemployment: This refers to the large number of rural people who are employed in agriculture in excess of what is required due to increased pressure on land. Uncovering hidden unemployment is most common in the unorganized sector or in agriculture.

Seasonal Unemployment: This word is self-explanatory. Seasonal unemployment is common in industries including construction, agriculture, canning, and tourism, where the weather or the calendar dictates when production can be carried out or demand levels. It is common to utilize seasonally adjusted unemployment figures for measuring the business cycle and the strength of demand in the labor market.
Underemployment is a word that can be used to describe this situation. That state of unemployment in which people are unemployed for part of the year, such as in India, where laborers are rarely employed all year.

Structural Unemployment: When a country’s economic structure changes dramatically, structural unemployment occurs. Normally, these changes have an impact on the demand for or supply of a production factor. In other words, structural unemployment is a result of global technological and economic development in every field. This type of unemployment occurs when a worker’s abilities do not meet the market’s job availability. Many people in India do not acquire occupations that match their talents or do not get positions owing to a lack of essential skills, and because of their low education level, it is critical to offer them with relevant training.

Technological Unemployment: Technological unemployment develops as a result of specific changes in production procedures that do not necessitate a large amount of manual labor. Modern technology has overtaken the need for and significance of physical labor in recent years, resulting in technical unemployment. According to World Bank data from 2016, the proportion of jobs in India threatened by automation increased by 69 percent year over year.

Causes of Unemployment in India:

  • The Joint Family System
  • Specialization in the Workplace
  • Low Rates of Economic Growth
  • Mobility of the workforce
  • Norms of Conduct
  • Cottage and small-scale industries are on the decline.
  • Population growth and technological advancements
  • A Scarcity of physical capital

TINTERN ABBEY

The full title of this poem is “Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey, on Revisiting the Banks of the Wye during a Tour July 13th, 1798”. It opens with the speaker’s declaration that five years have passed since he last visited this location, encountered its tranquil, rustic scenery, and heart the murmuring waters of the river. He recites the objects he sees again, and describes their effect upon him. The speaker then describes how his memory of these “beauteous forms” has worked upon him in his absence from them: when he was alone, or in crowded towns and cities, they provided him with “sensations sweet,/ Felt in the blood, and felt along the heart” The memory of the woods and cottages offered “tranquil restoration” to his mind, and even affected him when he was not aware of the memory, influencing his deeds of kindness and love. He further credits the memory of the scene with offering him access to that mental and spiritual state in which the burden of the world is lightened, in which he becomes a “living soul” with a view into “the life of things.”

Even in the present moment, the memory of his past experiences in these surroundings floats over his present view of them, and he feels bittersweet joy in reviving them. He thinks happily too, that his present experience will provide many happy memories for future years. The speaker acknowledges that is different now from how he was in those long-ago times. When as a boy he “bounded o’er the mountains” and through the streams. That time is now past, he says, but he does not mourn it, for though he cannot resume his old relationship with nature, he has been amply compensated by a new set of more mature gifts. He can now sense the presence of something far more subtle, powerful, and fundamental in the light of the setting suns, the ocean, the air itself, and even in the mind of man, and for that he still loves nature, for they anchor his purest thoughts and guard the heart and soul of his “moral being.”

The speaker says that even if he did not feel this way or understand these things, he would still be in good spirits on this day, for he is company of his “dear, dear sister,” who is also his “dear, dear friend,” and in whose voice and manner he observes his former self. Nature’s power over the mind that seeks her out is such that it renders that mind impervious to “evil tongues.” “rash judgements,” and “the sneers of selfish men,” instilling instead a “cheerful faith” that the world is full of blessings. The speaker then encourages the moon to shine upon his sister, and the wind to blow against her, and he says to her that in later years, when she is sad or fearful, the memory of this experience will help to heal her. And if he himself is dead, she can remember the love with which he worshipped nature. In that case, too, she will remember what the woods meant to the speaker, the way in which, after so many years of absence, they became more dear to him-both for themselves and for the fact that she is in them.

Sridhar vembu # ZOHO

Sridhar Vembu is a CEO and founder of Zoho corporation. According to fobes article he is the 59th richest Indian in the world. He was awarded India’s fourth highest civilian award the Padma Shri, in 2021

Vembu was born in 1968 in a Tamil family of farmers from a village in Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu.

He graduated with a bachelors degree in Electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras in 1989 and earned his MS and PhD degrees from Princeton University in New Jersey.

ZOHO:

In 1996 combined with his brother, he started a software development house for network equipment providers called AdventNet. Later the company was renamed as ZOHO corporation in 2009. The name Zoho was a result of something along the lines of a “small office Home office”

To get jobs in Zoho no marks is required and ever a degree is not required. A person with good knowledge is enough for Zoho. After completing class 12, the computer science can appeal for selection process of Zoho. Once they selected, Zoho provides training to it’s employees.

The effects of video games on a child’s behaviour

Video gaming has become a popular activity for people of all ages. Many children and adolescents spend large amounts of time playing them, although no one should have more than two hours total of screen time in a day. Video gaming is a multi-billion dollar industry, bringing in more money than movies and DVDs combined. Video games have become very sophisticated and realistic and some games connect to the Internet, which allow children and adolescents to play online with unknown adults and peers.

While some games have educational content, many of the most popular games emphasize negative themes. They promote the killing of people or animals, the use and abuse of drugs and alcohol, criminal behavior, disrespect for the law and other authority figures, sexual exploitation and violence towards women, racial, sexual and gender stereotypes, and foul language obscenities and obscene gestures. Examples of video games not acceptable for children because they have these themes include the popular ones Grand Theft Auto, Call of Duty, and Mortal Kombat.

There is growing research on the effects of video games on children. Studies of children exposed to violence have shown that they can become immune or numb to the horror of violence, imitate the violence they see and show more aggressive behavior with greater exposure to violence. Studies have also shown that the more realistic and repeated the exposure to violence, the greater the impact on children. Children and adolescents can become overly involved and even obsessed with video games, leading to poor social skills, time away from family time, school work and other hobbies, lower grades, reading less, exercising less, becoming overweight, and having aggressive thoughts and behaviors.

So how can you, as a parent, protect your child against these types of video games? First, you can check the Entertainment Software Rating Board ratings to learn about the game’s content. Every video game will actually have a label on the front to tell you what type of game it is. If it says M for mature, it’s not for your child.

Play the video games with your child to experience the game’s content and know exactly what your child is playing. Set clear rules about the game’s content for both playing time in and outside of your home. Strongly warn your children about the potential serious dangers of Internet contacts and relationships while playing online. There are a lot of online predators that will look for children specifically playing video games and this can lead to them meeting in real life. Finally, remember that you are a role model for your child. Make sure the video games you play as an adult are ones that you would want your child to play.

If you are concerned as a parent that your child is spending too much time playing video games or your child starts becoming obsessed with aggressive or violent video games, make sure you set some limits. You’re not allowed to play games for one hour after all the homework is done and encourage your child to participate in other activities so they’re not drawn to those video games. By being aware of what games are out there, you can help your child make appropriate decisions about gaming no matter where your child plays.