Month: August 2021

Not Everybody Gets The Privilege Of Having A Happy Family

The family remains one such spot where you have experienced all kinds of emotions. We all love our FAMILY, don’t we?  From laughing loud to crying in silence, we all have experienced the importance of family. The family is the one such place you experience genuine love, the place where you can never find partiality in trust and love. Family is always there to support you in all the right decisions you make and restrict you from the incorrect decisions you take. Family encourages you to connect with people physically, emotionally, and mentally. It identifies you as a capable individual of reaching his/her goals without any hesitations.

How lucky are those people who have a complete family, aren’t they? They have many people around them with whom they can spend time, share their feelings, and experience all the ups and downs in life. The absence of that one really important person breaks you into pieces. Never feel suffocated you are in a joint or a complete family. Think you have a lot of support that only a few people get in their life. Family is a bunch of teachers and students, teachers being who direct you throughout your life and students being from whom you learn not to make mistakes.


The most important lesson is family teaches us our values. They teach us how to respect elders, the importance of helping people in need. Basically, the family is filled with all the interesting topics and lessons we want. The importance of a balanced life can be learnt from family. The right way of maintaining a healthy relationship with family members is by spending time with them, playing games with them, going on outings.

A complete family completes your world. Privileged are those who are blessed with a complete family. Some people don’t acknowledge the importance of a complete family. They take family for granted. They feel parents control them. They don’t spend time with them. There are so many families in this world in which one or the other family member isn’t there. The reason for the separation can be anything, but the loss is irreplaceable. People with the loss really feel helpless in such situations when they desperately need them.

Imagine a family who just makes a home, not a house. A place where family members stay happy, has small fights or arguments, come tired from work to have a good relaxation with family members is HOME. A HOUSE is a place filled with lots of fights, no proper conversations and a lot of misunderstandings.

 A HAPPY FAMILY IS WHERE-

  • You keep your family as a first priority. 
  • Not allow a third person break your family.
  • You trust and love each other unconditionally.
  • Understand and support each other.


It is not very easy to break your family until you put all your efforts to save it. It is important to sit and engage in a calm and healthy conversation on where we went wrong, what are the areas for us to work on so that we don’t commit same mistakes again. In a relationship, understanding is extremely important. If one partner fails to understand, the other should be more understanding to handle the situation very well. A family with constant fights and a lot of misunderstandings will never last long. It’s very important to stay united to save relationships.

A family is blessing where people get to stay happy and share all the matters openly without any hesitations. Always feel lucky to be born in a family where parents are supportive, loving and are ready to do anything for your happiness.

World Photography Day: Perspective of its meaning

What is Photography?

Before giving the answer, let me tell you something.
See the little girl in the photograph below.

Isn’t the picture amazing? I feel this photograph must have been clicked by any talented photographers. Such a clear photograph, such a prominent one, the portrait of the young girl is so distinguished.
What is your opinion?
But, now I would like to say you all, that it is one of the world’s most famous photograph clicked by Steve McCurry. Still, now those who were thinking it to be an ordinary photograph must have started thinking that the photograph has to possess something special within it, as it has been clicked by one of the WORLD’S BEST PHOTOGRAPHER, Steve McCurry. Many people will be curious to know whether there is having some mystery within the photograph like that the portraiture of Lady with an Ermine drawn by Leonardo. But, to speak the truth there is no such mystery within the photograph but the real mystery lies within the eyes of the 10-year-old little girl. Sharbat Gula, a Pashtun orphan in the Nasir Bagh was present at the refugee camp near the Afghan-Pakistan border, in December 1984, when Steve went there. Won’t the look of this little girl an incredible one with a penetrating gaze? Yes, that gaze is the special one because the eyes will say you many things. The girl was gleaming into the camera lens. She had this curiosity and anxiety over her face.

So, now if I ask you all, what is photography, then we can say by keeping the dictionary definition apart that it is a vast idea with different opinions from a different type of people. For some, photography may be putting fingers in the button and ‘clicking a photo’ or posing in front of the camera and sharing in social media. But for many, photography is like a passion. Most of the photographers have a common dream to snap a photo that would eventually become world-famous and enter the history books. Photography is nothing but an art which is used to show us the various visions of our life. It will also give us an opportunity to showcase our skills with the camera.
Each and every artistic creation has some inner values, emotions and valuable history attached to it. Artistic creation may vary from painting to sculpting, or from architecture, printmaking to photography. Artist of each category wants to convey to us some real life-related message. Messages can not only be conveyed through writings or scribbling into papers and reading those scribbled words, but they can also be conveyed from between the written lines, between the written words, those words that are not in black and white on the paper. Similarly, a clicked photo has much to say us. Moving or still, and however it is taken, whether, by pinhole camera or phone, the photographic image is the successor to the great art of the past. A photo is a very clever creation may be cleverer than us. It constantly tests our intellect and sees whether we are able to collect the true message from within the frame. It will never reveal its true meaning. It’s us who have to find the true meaning of it.

Wildlife photography tells us about all the different points of wildlife. In wildlife photography, the photographer has to be patient and spend a lot of time to get good pictures and maybe longer time to get some of the best photos. Now, animals will do what they would like to do, one couldn’t command them to be a little soft or to behave cutely. You always have to be ready with your camera so that you don’t miss those shots which are really appreciable or something special. More you spend time with the animals more you will be able to understand their behaviour.

Nature photography shows us an overview of the situation, sometimes in a very aesthetic form, but in recent years it has evolved into photography that reveals a context that, like any documentary photography, explores the relationship of the living to a territory.

On the other hand, war photography involves photographing armed conflict and its effects on people and places. Photographers who are involved in this type of art has life risk, may get harmed due to explosions or gunfight and may many times succumb to death. The main motive of this type of photography is to make the whole world know about the miseries of war. The typical condition in which the soldiers live, they go to the Warfield in order to kill those people whom they never know.

Another photograph clicked by Steve McCurry during the First Gulf War Kuwait, 1991. It shows three camels silhouetted against an explosion of fire and smoke.  “Saddam Hussein had blown up 600 oil wells. It was an environmental catastrophe. Lakes of oil were leaking all over the country, and seeping into the Gulf. Half of it was on fire. There were geysers of oil spurting out of the earth, making it like midnight during the day,” recalled by Steve McCurry. He spotted the camels running along the edge of an oilfield and followed them in his jeep. But they had been blackened by the oil, and there was no way to capture a picture of them against the black cloud behind. Suddenly the camel started running towards the burning area and they have been illuminated by fire and then he clicked the photo and then he realized himself within a minefield. He carefully backs out following the tyres so that he doesn’t get blown up. Thus proves the risk of the work.

So each type of photography has its own purpose. It was rightly said by Elliott Erwitt, “Photography is an art of observation. It has little to do with the things you see and everything to do with the way you see them”. Obviously, it is the viewer’s eye which is responsible the way it would interpret the beauty of the photo. A photographer’s fame and popularity depends on the viewer’s eye because the greatness of photography lies in human insight.  From news images to the Hubble telescope, Photography is the art of real-life – however, manipulated, and real-life creates true art.

Marginalization

Marginality is an experience that affects millions of people throughout the world. People who are marginalized have relatively little control over their lives, and the resources available to them. This results in making them handicapped in delving contribution to society. A vicious circle is set up whereby their lack of positive and supportive relationships means that they are prevented from participating in local life, which in turn leads to further isolation. This has a tremendous impact on the development of human beings.

What is Marginalization?

Marginalization is when an individual or group is put into a position of less power or isolation within society because of discrimination. When an individual is marginalized, they are unable to access the same services and resources as other people and it becomes very difficult to have a voice in society.

It deprives a large majority of people across the globe from participating in the development. It is a complex problem, and there are many factors that cause marginalization. This complex and serious problem needs to be addressed at the policy level.

Meaning of Marginalization

In general, the term ‘marginalization’ describes the obvious actions or tendencies of human societies, where people who they perceive to undesirable or without useful function, are excluded, i.e., marginalized. These people, who are marginalized, from a GROUP or COMMUNITY are known as ‘marginalized groups’. This limits their opportunities and means for survival.

The Encyclopedia of Public Health defines marginalized groups as, “To be marginalized is to be placed in the margins, and thus excluded from the privilege and power found at the center”. Latin observes that ‘Marginality’ is so thoroughly demeaning, for economic well-being, for human dignity, as well as for physical security. Marginal groups can always be identified by members of dominant society, and will face irrevocable discrimination.

Characteristics of Marginalized Groups

Usually, a minority group has the following characteristics :

  • It suffers from discrimination and subordination
  • They have physical and/or cultural traits that set them apart, and which are disapproved of, by a dominant group
  • They share a sense of collective identity and common burdens
  • They have shared social rules about who belongs, and who does not
  • They have a tendency to marry within the group

Various Marginalized Groups and their Problems

1. Women

Under different economic conditions, and under the influence of specific historical, cultural, legal and religious factors, marginalization is one of the manifestations of gender inequality. Gender-based violence and domestic violence is high among women in general in India. Girl child and women from the marginalized groups are more vulnerable to violence. The dropout and illiteracy rates among them are high. Early marriage, trafficking, forced prostitution and other forms of exploitation are also reportedly high among them. In situations of caste conflict, women from marginalized groups face sexual violence from men of upper caste i.e., rape and other forms of mental torture and humiliation.

2. People with Disabilities

People with disabilities have had to battle against centuries of biased assumptions, harmful stereotypes, and irrational fears. The stigmatization of disability resulted in the social and economic marginalization of generations with disabilities, and, like many other oppressed minorities, this has left people with disabilities in a severe state of impoverishment for centuries. The proportion of the disabled population in India is about 21.9 million.

3. Scheduled Caste

The caste system is a strictly hierarchical social system based on underlying notions of purity and pollution. Brahmins are on the top of the hierarchy and Shudras or Dalits constitute the bottom of the hierarchy. The marginalization of Dalits influences all spheres of their life, violating basic human rights such as civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights. A major proportion of the lower castes and Dalits are still dependent on others for their livelihood. Dalits do not refer to caste but suggest a group who are in a state of oppression, social disability and who are helpless and poor. Literacy rates among Dalits are very low. They have meagre purchasing power and have poor housing conditions as well as have low access to resources and entitlements.

4. Scheduled Tribes

They constitute a large proportion of agricultural laborers, casual laborers, plantation laborers, industrial laborers etc. This has resulted in poverty among them, low levels of education, poor health and reduced access to healthcare services. They belong to the poorest strata of the society and have severe health problems.

5. Elderly or Aged People

Lack of economic dependence has an impact on their access to food, clothing, and healthcare. Among the basic needs of the elderly, medicine features as the highest unmet need. Healthcare of the elderly is a major concern for society as aging is often accompanied by multiple illnesses and physical ailments.

6. Sexual Minorities

Due to the dominance of heteronomous sexual relations as the only form of normal acceptable relations within the society, individuals who are identified as having same-sex sexual preferences are ridiculed and ostracized by their own family and are left with very limited support structures and networks of community that provide the conditions of care and support. Their needs and concerns are excluded from various health policies and programs.

7. Patients of Communicable Diseases

Those living with HIV/AIDS, mental illness and disability are more venerable among others. These groups face severe forms of discrimination that denies them access to treatment and prevents them from achieving a better health status.

8. Children

Children Mortality and illness among children are caused and compounded by poverty, their sex and caste position in society. All these have consequences on their nutrition intake, access to healthcare, environment, and education. Poverty has a direct impact on the mortality and morbidity among children. In India, a girl child faces discrimination and differential access to nutritious food and gender-based violence is evident from the falling sex ratio and the use of technologies to eliminate the girl child.

GUANO ISLANDS

Guano islands were discovered on a series of islands off the coast of Peru. These islands are rocky and barren and have no vegetation owning to lack of rain in the area.

The word ‘GUANO’ originated from the Andean indigenous language Quechua, which refers to any form of dung used as a fertilizer in agriculture. So what is guano? Dropping of certain fish eating birds are called as guano. Three birds are primarily producers of guano- white breasted cormorants, grey pelicans and white head gannets or piqueros. Millions of this types of birds reside on these islands because of this island isolation from natural predators and large reserves of anchovy fishes. Due to lack of rain their dropping gets baked in the dry atmosphere preventing nitrates in these droppings from evaporating make it a good fertilizer. Over the course of years guano reserves have accumulated into a thick layer of 100-150 feet guano fertilizer.

Guano has valuable agricultural benefits as it’s a natural fertilizer the crop yields improved which made it high prized commodity during 19th century. It was heavily traded by the European and American traders. It helped to build Peru economy. It Haas been estimated that around mid 1800’s Peruvian excavated over 20,000,000 tons of guano making a huge profit. Eventually Peru suffered a loss due depleted guno and introduction of artificial fertilizers.

Since 1909, the Peruvian government has taken measures to conserve guano reserves by establishing the GUANO ADMINISTRATION COMPANY . The methods includes;

. Keeping the islands off limits to reacumulate their guano reserves and not disturbing the natural habitat of these birds.

. Controlling the commercial fishing industry and setting measures to conserve guano birds feeds.

. Establishing preservation parks on the main land where some birds can migrate so that they can be safe from predators.

. Limiting guano exports and preventing disruption of ocean ecosystem.

Internship, Skill development

As the name itself suggest today we will understand the concept of internship and skill development .Both these are necessary to upgrade an individual’s career goals. For a good and secure job experience and interest is must.

INTERNSHIP : As we know today’s scenario where there is lack of jobs, unemployment and much more issues. Internships provide a platform to an individual to enhance his skills and gain knowledge from an experienced organisation. Experience can only be achieved if we are willing to work. Internships are an easy way to develop these skills without any cost. Most of time people do internships to improve their CV and get their desired jobs in the desired organisation. Yes it helps an individual in achieving these targets. But internship is much more also. Sometimes we don’t know about the work but are interested in doing that and internships give that a chance.

SKILL DEVELOPMENT : Now coming towards another part that is skill development. It is becoming a trend to become more skilled so that a person can provide his services at his best to the organization. If a person is skilled with different type of work then it will help the organization in many ways. Skill means the ability to develop focus on the work in which a person is interested on. Suppose if two persons are skilled with same type then there will be good competition between them and new thoughts will be derived that can help the organization.

The government is also understanding the need and concept of these two. As a result a major change in the education policy will be developing this feeling among the students since childhood and they will be knowing the pros and cons of the outside world in which they will be able to compete. The world is focussing on the coming generations to be more skilled and innovative. It is a way to create your own path on which you don’t have to follow the tradition because these can’t be eliminated. It can only be experienced and achieved.

Hope that the article was helpful…. Thank you !!!

ELECTRONIC PACKAGING

Unlike the name suggests, electronic packaging isn’t the packaging involved in the shipment of electronics or the sales packaging containing electronic devices or components. It is entirely different.

According to Wikipedia, Electronic packaging is the design and production of enclosures for electronic devices ranging from individual semiconductor devices up to complete systems such as a mainframe computer.

Or in more simple terms electronic packaging is the method of enclosing, protecting, and providing physical structure to an electronic component(s) or finished electronic devices.

The purpose of the packaging is to provide protection and at times physical structures to electronic components and devices. The Packaging of an electronic system must ensure its protection from mechanical damage, cooling, radio frequency noise emission, and electrostatic discharge. 

The four major functions served by Electronic packaging are :

It provides the interconnection of electrical signals at various levels 

It distributes power to the electronic circuits and devices

It provides mechanical and environmental protection to the components, circuits, and devices and dissipation of the heat

According to intrepidsourcing, Different Levels of Electronic Packaging

Electronics packaging design is organized in multiple levels namely Level 0 up to Level 5.

Level 0 – this electronic packaging level protects chips and semiconductors which are the simplest and most basic parts of an electronic system.

Level 1 – this electronic packaging level protects electronic components.

Level 2 – this electronic packaging level protects the printed circuit board.

Level 3 – this electronic packaging level protects assembly, wiring boards and associated components of these.

Level 4 – this electronic packaging level protects modules or collection of assemblies.

Level 5 – this electronic packaging level protects a combination of different modules or the electronic system in general.

These levels are necessary to help electronic manufacturing companies easily assess electronic packaging materials needed for an electronic packaging design. This makes operations more efficient and fluid since they can easily look for what they need simply by describing the electronic packaging level they are currently working on.

Consider a familiar example of a DVD player, a DVD player is an assembly of electronics packed in a rectangular metal case. This provides protection and also allows for the placement of buttons that are used to operate the device as well as the connectors needed to connect the DVD player to other devices.

FACTS ABOUT HUMAN BODY

1.You are taller in the morning

Measure yourself in the morning, then again at night. You’re going to be taller in the morning because of how the cartilage in your bones compresses during the day.

2.Your heart beats about 100,000 times a day

Depending on your beats per minute, your heart beats about 100,000 times a day. That implies it sends 2,000 gallons of blood through the body.

Biometric Identifies You in a Heartbeat - Scientific American

3.Your highest blood flow is in your kidneys

The most noteworthy blood stream isn’t in your heart, liver, or cerebrum, it’s in your kidneys. That’s because kidneys are the body’s normal filtration framework.

4.Lungs which are pink in color are healthy

Healthy lungs look pink and rubbery outwardly. The more you smoke however, the more falter and dark they become.

Your lungs are really amazing. An anatomy professor explains why

5.Dreaming in black and white

12% of people dream in black and white. What’s stranger is that people used to rest and dream in high contrast significantly more before color television (~15%). The normal individual actually dreams in color, yet it’s intriguing to perceive how the human cerebrum is defenseless to media.

20 Amazing facts about dreams that will change your perception! - Trendpickle

6.Your blood vessels could circle the globe

However people have little veins, the systems administration is incredibly long. In case they were spread out they would quantify in excess of 60,000 miles.

7.The normal human grown-up has 2000-4000 taste buds

They aren’t just situated on the tongue. These minuscule receptors that enable us to taste are additionally situated toward the rear of your throat, your nose, and your throat. Truth be told, your nose doesn’t simply smell, it can taste as well! The feeling of smell is a vital part of tasting.

8.Your body has more than 600 muscles


Your strongest muscle is located in your jaw known as the masseter muscle. The stapedius muscle, located in the middle of your ear, is your weakest muscle.

How many muscles are there in the human body? - Quora

9.Your skin has 1000 unique types of microorganisms on it

Your skin is imperative in assurance of the body against microscopic organisms, which is the reason the external layer of your skin persistently reestablishes itself. The whole course of skin cell recharging requires around 28 days.

Team:Paris Bettencourt/SkinMicrobiome - 2020.igem.org

10.You’re presumably more like your father

Specialists showed that in the scales between the female egg and male sperm that your qualities will in general support your father, particularly over numerous ages. This phenomena is known as “gene expression”.

RESOURCES:

  1. https://www.nectarsleep.com/posts/fun-facts-about-the-human-body/

2. https://www.osgpc.com/amazing-facts-about-the-human-body/


A STITCH IN TIME SAVES NINE

A Stitch in Time Saves Nine is a wise saying. This phrase refers to a hole in a cloth. This hole would certainly get bigger if not fixed in time. It means that a timely effort that will prevent more work later. It certainly means prevention is better than cure. Furthermore, this important phrase tells us procrastination is a bad habit. Hence, if a problem exists, then one must fix it immediately. If not fixed in time, then even more problems can arise.

Importance of “A Stitch in Time Saves Nine”

First of all, time is a very precious aspect of life. According to many successful individuals, time is money. This precious blessing of time is very limited. There are only 24 hours in a day. Also, the average human life expectancy probably ranges from 80 to 90 years. This certainly means that one can’t afford to waste time at all. Hence, “A Stitch in Time Saves Nine” avoids wastage of time. Another advantage of this concept is less effort. This is due to early dealing with a problem. Dealing with a problem early requires a certain amount of effort. However, with delay the problem becomes ugly. Now to rectify this even more difficult problem means much more effort. So, following “A Stitch in Time Saves Nine” saves effort. “A Stitch in Time Saves Nine” has another advantage. It is better decision making. Following this concept means that a person has sufficient time to handle a problem. Therefore, a person can prepare solutions efficiently. In contrast, a person who delays problems will have a shortage of time. Consequently, this person would become stressful and nervous. Due to this, poor decision making would result

Real-Life Examples of “A Stitch in Time Saves Nine”

First of all, mention must be made of Israel. After the formation of Israel, the Arab States were preparing to attack Israel. Probably everyone thought Israel would lose. Israel thought that instead of waiting, they should take some action. Therefore, Israel decided to attack first. Consequently, the Arab military became weak and Israel won the war. Hence, Israel made use of “A Stitch in Time Saves Nine”.

Valery Legasov was an inorganic chemist in USSR. In 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster took place. Legasov made a great contribution to prevent future such accidents. Most Noteworthy, he gave warning of the use of graphite. There was an application of graphite in an emergency shutdown system. Furthermore, Legasov gave an explanation that this graphite was responsible for the disaster. Hence, he saved the lives of millions of people.

Finally, Osama Bin Laden death is another example here. In 2011 United States Navy SEALs led the operation to kill Bin Laden. Certainly, his death was a big relief for everyone. Consequently, the US forced saved the lives of many innocent people.

In conclusion, “A Stitch in Time Saves Nine” is extremely essential to follow. Above all, it should be the code of life for everyone. Furthermore, one who follows it always be successful. Also, one who neglects it is on the path of failure.

Health Issues in Youngster.

Around 1 in 6 persons in the world is an adolescent: that is 1.2 billion people aged 10 to 19.

Most are healthy, but there is still significant death, illness and diseases among adolescents. Illnesses can hinder their ability to grow and develop to their full potential. Alcohol or tobacco use, lack of physical activity, unprotected sex and/or exposure to violence can jeopardize not only their current health, but often their health for years to come.

Promoting healthy practices during adolescence, and taking steps to better protect young people from health risks are critical for the prevention of health problems in adulthood, and for countries’ future health and social infrastructure.

Mental health
Depression is the top cause of illness and disability among adolescents and suicide is the third cause of death. Violence, poverty, humiliation and feeling devalued can increase the risk of developing mental health problems.

Building life skills in children and adolescents and providing them with psychosocial support in schools and other community settings can help promote good mental health. Programmes to help strengthen ties between adolescents and their families are also important. If problems arise, they should be detected and managed by competent and caring health workers.

Malnutrition and obesity
Many boys and girls in developing countries enter adolescence undernourished, making them more vulnerable to disease and early death. The number of adolescents who are overweight or obese is increasing in both low- and high-income countries.

Exercise and nutrition
Available survey data indicate that fewer than 1 in every 4 adolescents meets the recommended guidelines for physical activity – 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily.

Anaemia resulting from a lack of iron affects girls and boys, and is the third cause of years lost to death and disability. Iron and folic acid supplements help to promote health before adolescents become parents.

References:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4216492/

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/teenage-health

https://www.verywellhealth.com/the-7-biggest-health-risks-teens-face-2611248

One of most visionary politician, Leader and a legend himself : Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

Subhas Chandra Bose (Bengali pronunciation: Subhash Chondra Bosh) was the foremost and biggest leader of India’s freedom struggle. During the Second World War, to fight against the British, he formed the Azad Hind Fauj with the help of Japan. The slogan of Jai Hind given by him has become the national slogan of India. The people of India address him by the name of Netaji.

Subhash Chandra Bose gave famous slogans like ‘Give me blood, I will give you freedom’ and ‘Jai Hind’, passed the Indian Administrative Service examination, was elected President of Congress in 1938 and 1939, formed the Forward Bloc in 1939, Founded ‘Azad Hind Fauj’ to drive out the British from the country.

He was an eminent leader of the Indian freedom struggle. Although most of the credit for the contribution to the independence of the country is given to Mahatma Gandhi and Nehru, the contribution of Subhas Chandra Bose was also no less than anyone.

Early Life :

He was born on 23 January 1897 in Cuttack city of Orissa. His father Janaki Nath Bose was an eminent lawyer. His mother Prabhavati Devi was Sati and a religious woman. Prabhavati and Janaki Nath had 14 children, six daughters and eight sons. Subhash was ninth among them. Subhash was promising in studies since childhood. He had secured first position in class 10th examination and also came first in graduation. 

He earned a bachelor’s degree in philosophy from the Scottish Church College in Calcutta. At the same time, he was recruiting in the army. He also tried to join the army but was disqualified due to poor eyesight. He was a follower of Swami Vivekananda. According to the wishes of his family, in the year 1919, he went to study in England to prepare for the Indian Administrative Service.

Career :

He applied for the Indian Administrative Service in 1920 and not only got success in this examination but also secured the fourth position. He was deeply disturbed by the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and resigned from the administrative service in 1921. After coming back to India Netaji came in contact with Gandhiji and joined the Indian National Congress. He started working with Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das as per the instructions of Gandhiji. He later described Chittaranjan Das as his political guru. 

Subhash very soon joined the main leaders of the Congress with his understanding and hard work. When the Simon Commission came in 1928, the Congress opposed it and showed black flags. In 1928, the annual session of the Congress was held in Kolkata under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru. In this session, one year’s time was given to give ‘Dominion Status’ to the British Government. During that time Gandhiji did not agree with the demand of Purna Swaraj.

On the other hand, Subhash and Jawaharlal Nehru did not accept to back down from the demand for Purna Swaraj. In 1930 he formed the Independence League. During the ‘Civil Disobedience’ movement of 1930, Subhash was arrested and sent to jail. He was released in 1931 after the Gandhiji-Irwin Pact. Subhash opposed the Gandhi-Irwin Pact and was also not happy with the decision to stop the ‘Civil Disobedience’ movement.

Subhash was soon imprisoned again under the ‘Bengal Act’. During this he had to stay in jail for about a year and later he was released from jail due to illness. They were sent from India to Europe. There he established centers in many cities to enhance the political and cultural relations between India and Europe. Despite the ban on his coming to India, he came to India and as a result he had to go to jail for 1 year.

After the elections of 1937, the Congress party came to power in 7 states and after that Subhash was released. Shortly after this, Subhash was elected president in the Haripura session of Congress (1938). During his tenure, Subhash formed the ‘National Planning Committee’. In the Tripuri session of 1939, Subhash was re-elected as the President. This time Subhash was competing with Pattabhi Sitaramayya. Sitaramayya had full support of Gandhiji, yet Subhash won the election by 203 votes.

During this, the clouds of World War II were also starting to shake and Subhash gave an ultimatum to the British to leave the country in 6 months. This attitude of Subhash was opposed by other people of Congress including Gandhiji, due to which he resigned from the post of President and established ‘Forward Block’.

Subhash strongly opposed the use of India’s resources by the British in World War II and started a mass movement against it. His movement was getting tremendous support from the public. So he was imprisoned in Kolkata and kept under house arrest. In January 1941, Subhash managed to escape from his home and reached Germany via Afghanistan. In view of the notion of ‘the enemy is the enemy, the friend is’, he appealed to Germany and Japan for help in expelling the British Raj from India.

In January 1942, he started broadcasting from Radio Berlin, which increased the enthusiasm of the people of India. In 1943, he came to Singapore from Germany. Reaching East Asia, he took command of the ‘Freedom Movement’ from Rash Behari Bose and started preparing for the war by forming the Azad Hind Fauj. Azad Hind Fauj was established mainly by the Japanese army with the Indian prisoners of war captured from the British army. After this Subhash came to be called ‘Netaji’.

Now the Azad Hind Fauj started moving towards India and first liberated Andaman and Nicobar. Azad Hind Fauj crossed the Burma border and threatened Indian soil on 18 March 1944. With the defeat of Japan and Germany in World War II, the dream of Azad Hind Fauj could not be fulfilled.

Mysterious Demise : 

The death of Netaji, who once dusted the British by changing his mask and face, also happened in a very mysterious way. After the defeat of Japan in World War II, Netaji needed to find a new way. He had decided to seek help from Russia. On August 18, 1945, Netaji was on his way to Manchuria by plane. During this journey he went missing. After this day they have never been seen by anyone. On 23 August 1945, Japan’s Domei news organization reported to the world that on 18 August Netaji’s airplane had crashed on Taiwanese land and Netaji breathed his last in the hospital after being badly injured in that accident. But even today many doubts are raised about his death.

Our heroic great men, by sacrificing their lives, maintained the unity and integrity of the country, for which the coming generation will always remember their contribution. No one in history can match Netaji’s wisdom and courage. He had a combination of both courage and intelligence. It was because of a very intelligent mind that he was so influential that the British decided to eliminate him on sight. Frankly speaking I 


India’s Historic win at Lords , defeated England by 151 runs.

A spirited performance from the Indian seamers heped the visitors beat England by 151 runs in the second Test and take a 1-0 lead in the five-match series on Monday. Chasing 272, England were bowled out for 120 in 51.5 overs with skipper Joe Root top-scoring with 33.

With about a half-hour left of a fractious day featuring regular verbal clashes between players, Mohammed Siraj bowled Jimmy Anderson and celebrated by removing the off stump he had just clattered and wheeling around the outfield in delight at the home of cricket. Mohammed Siraj registered the figures of 4/32 while Jasprit Bumrah scalped three wickets as India won for just the third time in their 19 Tests at Lord’s. With this win, the visitors have taken a 1-0 lead in this five-match series, after a rain-marred draw at Trent Bridge. The third Test at Headingley in Leeds starts on August 25.

Virat disappointed with his performance.

Kohli is yet to score a century since late 2019 and despite getting the start the Indian skipper has failed to play a big knock. The frustration of throwing away the start was made clear by the Team India skipper after returning to the dressing room. In the video uploaded by a cricket fan, Kohli can be seen throwing a towel and showing his frustration. Here’s the video of Kohli showing his frustration after getting out.

The last 10 innings of Virat Kohli in Test has not been great with the Indian skipper only managing to score 280 runs at a below-par average of 28. Kohli’s last century had come during India’s maiden pink-ball Test at home against Bangladesh in November 2019. The numbers of Virat Kohli’s in recent Tests have been not great. The Team India skipper has only managed to scores 20, 42, 0, 13, 44, 0, 27, 62, 0. In addition, to the mentioned scores he has now gone seven consecutive innings without a fifty in the longest format of the game.

Apart from failing to score big runs, Kohli was involved in an on-field heated argument with England pacer during Inia’s innings. The Kohli Anderson fight took place in the 17th over when Virat Kohli was at the non-strikers’ end. Virat Kohli not happy with James Anderson running on the pitch said something to Anderson which the stump mic caught. In the video which went viral on social media, Virat Kohli says to Anderson, “This is a pitch and you are running here, this isn’t your backyard.”

Some interesting facts about the win

  1. 3 Number of Test wins for India at Lord’s. Their previous two triumphs at this venue came 28 years apart – by five wickets in 1986 under Kapil Dev and by 95 runs in 2014 under MS Dhoni.
  2. 8 for 126 Mohammed Siraj’s bowling figures in this Test, the best match figures for an Indian bowler in at Lord’s. The previous best was 8 for 168 by Kapil Dev in 1982.
  3. 19 Wickets by Indian pacers in this Test match. Only twice did the Indian pacers claim more – all 20 against South Africa in Johannesburg in 2018 and against England in the previous Test at Trent Bridge
  4. The 180* was also the first of Root’s 22 Test centuries to end in a defeat. The record for the most Test centuries without one in a losing cause is held by Graeme Smith, with 27 tons. Wally Hammond, Geoff Boycott and Ian Bell share the second spot with 22 each.
  5. 7 Ducks by England batters in this Test, the joint-most by them in a Test. The Lord’s Test was the fifth instance where they recorded seven ducks, and the first since the Johannesburg Test against South Africa in 1999..

Virat Kohli doesn’t tolerate his teammates being bullied, he never forgives, says Monty Panesar

After dismissing Rishabh Pant early on the final day of the second Test at Lord’s, the English wanted to have a go at the Indian tailenders Jasprit Bumrah and Mohammed Shami. Mark Wood was the first one to have a real go, as he bowled a short-pitched delivery that hit Bumrah’s helmet. And, that’s how the altercation started. Apart from bowling a barrage of bouncers, the England cricketers began to sledge the Indian tailenders, Bumrah and Shami, in an effort to distract them. Jos Buttler was also one of the cricketers who exchanged words with Bumrah. But that didn’t affect the Indian pace duo, as they went on to forge a match changing 89-run stand for the ninth wicket and helped India set a 272-run target for the hosts.

When the England batsmen came out for the chase, Shami and Bumrah rocked the top-order, before Ishant Sharma (2/13) and Mohammed Siraj (4/32) dismantled the hosts’ to help India wrap up an unforgettable 151 run win to give India a 1-0 lead in the five-match series.As it was later confirmed by Virat Kohli, the fast bowlers were all extra charged up because of the way England went after Shami and Bumrah while they were batting. KL Rahul, the Man of the Match of the Lord’s Test, said after the match – “If you go after one of our guys that means you are going after the whole team”.

Former England spinner Monty Panesar feels the plans to target the Indian tailenders in that way would have been hatched by the England team management, but Joe Root’s men didn’t think that Virat Kohli remembers everything and wants to give it right back.

Cricket
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England
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CLEANLINESS IS NEXT TO GODLINESS

 

Cleanliness
meaning is “to keep clean and to avoid dirt”. The practice to clean everything
is cleanliness. There are different types of cleanliness, the cleaning of
clothes, the cleaning to house; the cleaning of streets, the cleaning of
ourselves etc. the most important is to clean ourselves because if we do not
care for our cleanliness, we do not bother about the cleaning of surroundings.
We feel the importance of cleanliness only when we do practice of cleaning
ourselves. The practice of hand washing and bathing is necessary to keep
ourselves clean. The person who keeps his self-dirty, he also keeps his
environment dirty and filthy. The cleaning of
environment is very important. The environment is may be your home, your
school, or your office. Some people has habit to throw things on road, this is
illegal and a hurdle for cleanliness. The cleaning environment puts healthy
effects on our mind and body, while a dirty environment puts very bad affects on
our health and mind. Almost all the diseases are caused by the infectious
agents in the environment and these infectious agents are very active in dirty
and filthy environments. Many diseases like hepatitis, diarrhea, cholera, flu
etc are caused by the dirty environments. Hepatitis is very dangerous disease
and is usually transferred by the use of unsterilized instruments. A
man of dirty habits is far from culture and civilization. So, with the progress
of civilization, a man cleans himself more and more. He cleans his body. He
cleans his mind and heart. He modifies all his actions and manners. He purifies
his soul. This will lead him to the highest form of civilization. But all other
cleanings depend on the cleanliness of body.

It is truly said that ‘Cleanliness is
Next to Godliness’. Cleanliness is a step which leads us towards godliness.
It is a good habit as it keeps our body, mind and everything clean around us.
We should practice it regularly from the early life. The real meaning of
cleanliness is to keep our body, mind, soul, home, surrounding areas, clothes,
environment, etc clean. It is the habitual act which keeps us away from dirt
and diseases as well as helps us to maintain good health including personal and
environmental hygiene. It is necessary for maintaining
self-respect, getting confidence and getting respect from others. People who
live in dirt never get confidence and self-respect. Cleanliness helps people
get lots of respect and popularity. It helps people living closer to the
divinity and has fear from the God. It indicates the standard and character of
a man. In order to follow cleanliness all across the life, one needs to acquire
clean habits from childhood onwards.

Way to maintain Cleanliness

As we all know, it is not tough to
maintain cleanliness. It is very important to maintain cleanliness for a
healthy life. When we talk about our personal lives, we can maintain
cleanliness by bathing regularly. It is very important to wash our hands before
eating food. This will ensure no bacteria enter your body and prevent
illnesses.

 Subsequently, we must always eat healthy
food and consume clean water. Avoid eating out often and drinking water from
unclean sources. Personal hygiene must be taken care of. Remember to trim your
nails timely before they grow long. Long nails are very dirty and that means
you will have dirt under your hands at all times. In addition, maintain the
habit of brushing and flossing twice a day for oral hygiene.

SWATCH BHARAT SWASTH BHARAT

SWATCH BHARAT SWASTH BHARAT
Whether the Sun shines or it Rains; Cleaning the India should be our aim.
Pledge for cleanliness to show your keenness to clean India. India will teach us the tolerance and gentleness of mature mind, understanding spirit and a unifying, pacifying love for all human beings.” – Will Durant
India is in dire need of a cleanliness drive like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan to eradicate dirtiness. It is important for the overall development of citizens in terms of health and well-being. This a scheme to help us amd to make India healthy and clean and to make India swatch and swasth.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is one of the most significant and popular missions to have taken place in India. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan translates to Clean India Mission. This drive was formulated to cover all the cities and towns of India to make them clean. This campaign was administered by the Indian government and was introduced by the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. It was launched on 2nd October in order to honor Mahatma Gandhi’s vision of a Clean India. The cleanliness campaign of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was run on a national level and encompassed all the towns, rural and urban. It served as a great initiative in making people aware of the importance of cleanliness. This helped in making the message reach wider. It aims to build sanitary facilities for all households. One of the most common problems in rural areas is that of open defecation. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan aims to eliminate that. Generally, in these areas, people do not have proper toilet facilities. They go out in the fields or roads to excrete. This practice creates a lot of hygiene problems for citizens. Therefore, this Clean India mission can be of great help in enhancing the living conditions of these people. When we will dispose of waste properly and recycle waste, it will develop the country. As its main focus is one rural area, the quality of life of the rural citizens will be enhanced through it. Similarly, they also wanted to make people aware of health and education through awareness programs. After that, a major objective was to teach citizens to dispose of waste mindfully. Most importantly, it enhances the public health through its objectives. This helped in making the message reach wider. It aims to build sanitary facilities for all households.
Every small step towards sanitation will bring a big change for the nation.
Heaven could be on earth, Cleanness is something which has priceless worth.

The main objective of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is to aware the citizens of the country of their utmost priority and responsibility towards cleanliness in the nearby surroundings and the spread of filth and infectious parasites. The campaign primarily focuses on eradicating the unhealthy practices of open defecation and provide basic sanitation facilities by constructing toilets, solid-liquid waste disposal systems, supplying clean drinking water, etc.

“Let’s make this our plea; we will make India open defecation free.
Cleanness can provide us inner peace, clean India mission is something that we need.
For cleanness we still have hope, because Swachh Bharat Abhiyan has a big scope.”


Swatch Bharat Abhiyan is a great accomplishment and proved out to a one of a kind project in the history of India. We must carry forward the practices of cleanliness with the same enthusiasm and zeal and help each other by keeping our Mother India clean and beautiful.
There are lots of schemes made for us by our government. These Abhiyan tries to make our beautiful India more beautiful and to make us healthier.
We can make our country beautiful; by participating in Swachh Bharat mission we can achieve something fruitful.
Let’s work on cleanliness from our side, and make India feel pride and clean your houses, roads and street, Cleanliness is our basic need. Make India great again, participate in Swachh Bharat mission to bring new reign.
Due to waste lying in the streets cause dangerous diseases which hampers our health and may cause dangerous diseases. These Abhiyan is a kind initiative to help us and to free us from these dangerous diseases. These are some examples how these Abhiyan help us and gift us a healthy life.
Clean India mission is something which we need for progress of our country.

Contaminated water causes many water-borne infections like diarrhoea, and also serves as a carrier for vectors such as mosquitoes spreading epidemics. Open defecation means no sanitation. It fouls the environment, and spreads diseases. According to WHO-UNICEF report (2010), India has the highest rate of open defecation. Access to safe drinking water and good sanitation are vital for family well-being. It results in control of enteric diseases, and boosts child health. A healthy child has better learning and retaining ability. Girls avoid going to school where there are no proper sanitation measures. Sanitation makes a positive contribution in family literacy. One key goal of sanitation is to safely reduce human exposure to pathogens. Pathogens are excreted by infected individuals and if not properly contained or treated, may present a risk to humans who come in contact with them. These individuals can also be exposed to pathogens through drinking water or eating food contaminated with pathogens found in human excreta. According to a UNICEF study, for every 10 per cent increase in female literacy, a country’s economy can grow by 0.3 per cent. Thus, sanitation contributes to social and economic development of the society.
Improved sanitation also helps the environment. Clean drinking water and good sanitation would not prevent infections without practicing good hygiene. A simple habit of washing hands goes a long way towards preventing diseases. The stored water supply may also serve as a source of infection in the absence of hygiene. Sanitation envisages promotion of health of the community by providing clean environment and breaking the cycle of disease. Sanitation systems aim to protect human health by providing a clean environment that will stop the transmission of disease, especially through the fecal–oral route. For example, diarrhea, a main cause of malnutrition and stunted growth in children, can be reduced through adequate sanitation.

If we follow the sanitation system then we can create a healthy world . If we live healthy then we can be wealthy. Swatch bharat is swasth bharat is a true word. If the world become clean then everyone become healthy.
If we want to make India a developed nation then clean India mission is the necessity.
Let’s take oath; by participating in clean India mission we will make our country proud.
Clean India mission is something which we need for progress of our country.
Working towards sanitation will bring a significant positive change for the nation.

MUSHROOMS

” Nature alone is antique, and the

oldest art a mushroom.

~ Thomas Carlyle

Edible mushroom

Edible mushrooms are the fleshy and edible fruit bodies  of several species of macrofungi(fungi  which bear fruiting structures that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye). They can appear either below ground (hypogeous) or above ground (epigeous) where they may be picked by hand.Edibility may be defined by criteria that include absence of poisonous effects on humans and desirable taste  and aroma. Edible mushrooms are consumed for their nutritional  and culinary  value. Mushrooms, especially dried shiitake, are sources of umami flavor.Especially tasty and desired mushrooms are referred as “choice edible”

Edible mushrooms include many fungal species that are either harvested wild or cultivated. Easily cultivated and common wild mushrooms are often available in markets, and those that are more difficult to obtain (such as the prized truffle, matsutake  and morel) may be collected on a smaller scale by private gatherers.

Non edible mushroom

There are certain fungi which are not consumed because of the production of toxins like amatoxins and phallotoxins. The fungi which produce these toxins are referred as poisonous fungi or the toadstools e.g., Fly agarics and Amanita pantherina.  The consumption of these fungi results in death due to the activity of the toxins.

Seven of the world’s most poisonous mushrooms are: death cap (Amanita phalloides), Conocy bettilaris, web caps (Cortinarius species), Autumn skullcap (Calerina marginata), destroyin angels (Amanita species), Podostron a cornu-damae and deadly dapperliry (Lepiota brunneoincarnata).

Food values of mushroom

mushrooms contain a modest amount of fiber and over a dozen minerals and vitamins, including copper, potassium, magnesium, zinc and a number of B vitamins such as folate. Mushrooms are also high in antioxidants like selenium and glutathione, or GSH, substances believed to protect cells from damage and reduce chronic disease and inflammation.

Some studies suggest mushrooms are the richest dietary source of another antioxidant called ergothioneine, or ERGO, which is also present in large amounts in red beans, oat bran and liver. ERGO and other antioxidants are primarily concentrated in the caps, not the stems.

Spawn and spawning

Spawn is the living fungal culture that is called mycelium, grown onto a substrate. It gives the backbone to any mushroom growing operation. … Unlike seeds, the mushroom spawn is grown from selected genetics and cloned for consistent production of a particular cultivar of mushroom.

Types of Mushroom spawn are;

  • Woodchip spawn – Made from woodchips of different hardwoods.
  • Straw spawn – Pasteurized straw inoculated with mycelium.
  • Sawdust spawn plugs – Sawdust spawn in the shape of a plug with Styrofoam on the end.
  • Liquid spawn – Water enriched with mushroom spores or mycelia slurry.

Techniques in mushroom cultivation

On Paddy Straw:

i. Preparation of Spawn

ii. Preparation of Mushroom Bed

iii. Spawning of Mushroom Bed

iv. Watering of Mushroom Bed

v. Mushroom Crop Production

vi. Picking of Mushrooms

vii. Precautions of Mushroom Cultivation

Disease of mushroom

There are many types of fungal disease in mushrooms, but there are three main kinds that cause the most damage to crops. These are Dry Bubble (Verticillium, new name: Lecanicillium), Wet Bubble (Mycogone) and Cobweb (Dactylium, new name: Cladobotryum).

Recipes of mushrooms

Mushroom recipes like kadai mushroom, mushroom biryani, mushroom manchurian and mushroom masala,cream of mushroom soup, methi mushroom, matar mushroom, mushroom pasta,mushroom omlette,mushroom fry……..

” Mushrooms grow in damp places. That’s why they are shaped like an umbrella “

~Alphonse Allais