Ever wondered why 70% alcohol is used in sanitizer and not 99% alcohol. It seems better to use pure alcohol than 70% diluted, well if you too think so then you are wrong.Suppose we pour pure alcohol over a single celled organism the alcohol will enter the Cell Wall and coagulate the protein just inside the cell wall very quickly creating a coagulated ring between the cell wall and other parts of the cell. Thus this already coagulated protein prevents further penetration of alcohol in the cell and the cell enters a dormant state.Whereas 70% diluted alcohol coagulates proteins but at slower rate, so slow that it reaches all the way through cell before it could be blocked. Thus the entire cell is coagulated and the organism dies
Month: August 2021
Cruelty of science
Use of human in experiments
In science experiments the use of humans are also included. Many experiments are directly performed on humans without thinking about the results.
In January 1944, a 17-year-old Navy seaman named Nathan Schnurman volunteered to test protective clothing for the Navy. Following orders, he donned a gas mask and special clothes and was escorted into a 10-foot by 10-foot chamber, which was then locked from the outside. Sulfur mustard and Lewisite, poisonous gasses used in chemical weapons, were released into the chamber and, for one hour each day for five days, the seaman sat in this noxious vapor. On the final day, he became nauseous, his eyes and throat began to burn, and he asked twice to leave the chamber. Both times he was told he needed to remain until the experiment was complete. Ultimately Schnurman collapsed into unconsciousness and went into cardiac arrest. When he awoke, he had painful blisters on most of his body. He was not given any medical treatment and was ordered to never speak about what he experienced under the threat of being tried for treason. For 49 years these experiments were unknown to the public.
This is one of the examples which show how an experiment ruined a young life.While he was feeling sick still the scientist asked him to stay unless the experiment completed. The poisonous gas made him die slowly for five consecutive days. And when he got blisters on his body, they didn’t provide him medical facility. This show how the some scientist only think about their benefits. Not all the experiment are beneficial for society they perform that experiment to earn money and power. The science should works on ethnics and morals not for power and wealth.
A widespread ethical problem, although one that has not yet received much attention, is raised by the development of new pharmaceuticals. All new drugs are tested on human volunteers. There is, of course, no way subjects can be fully apprised of the risks in advance, as that is what the tests purport to determine. This situation is generally considered acceptable, provided volunteers give “informed” consent. Many of the drugs under development today, however, offer little clinical benefit beyond those available from existing treatments. Many are developed simply to create a patentable variation on an existing drug. It is easy to justify asking informed, consenting individuals to risk limited harm in order to develop new drug therapies for a condition from which they are suffering or for which existing treatments are inadequate. The same may not apply when the drug being tested offers no new benefits to the subjects because they are healthy volunteers, or when the drug offers no significant benefits to anyone because it is essentially a copy of an existing drugs.
Necessity is the mother of invention but sometimes some practical company works unnecessary over the drugs for increasing their demands and profit in market. Sometimes the drugs work with animals but not fitted for humans… but the scientist doesn’t care about the person they want their result. Beyond this there are many other examples of using humans as the subject in experiments. During COVID 19, many countries used their vaccines directly on humans which caused the death of them. Science should work according to the needs of society, not for power and wealth.
Unnecessary and questionable human experimentation is not limited to pharmaceutical development. In experiments at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), a genetically engineered human growth hormone (hGH) is injected into healthy short children. Consent is obtained from parents and affirmed by the children themselves. The children receive 156 injections each year in the hope of becoming taller.
Growth hormone is clearly indicated for hormone-deficient children who would otherwise remain extremely short. This experiment also brings a bad impact on children Physical as well psychological condition.
This experiment is also the reason for human trafficking and other crimes against the human.
But we need to protect the people to use as the subject in the scientific experiments against theirs wills or if they participated in such kind of experiment there should be some rule or law must followed by the scientist or that company who performed that test on human.
To protect people participating in medical research, the government decades ago put in place strict rules on the conduct of human experiments.
Now the Department of Health and Human Services is proposing a major revision of these regulations, known collectively as the Common Rule. It’s the first change proposed in nearly a quarter-century.
In India, the drug controller general of India regulated the human as the subject of an experiment. If any department finds the need to perform any experiment over then they need to take permission from the department. If the department found flaws in the experiment only then they provide their approval.
References
- Frank C. Conahan of the National Security and International Affairs Division of the General Accounting Office, reporting to the Subcommittee of the House Committee on Government Operations.
- Flieger K. Testing drugs in people. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. September 10, 1997.
- U.S. General Accounting Office. FDA Drug Review: Postapproval Risks 1976-85. U.S. General Accounting Office, Washington, D.C., 1990.
- MedWatch, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Labeling changes related to drug safety. U.S. Food and Drug Administration Home Page; http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety.htm. September 10, 1997.
India and her Handlooms
Indian handloom industry saw a reduction in 30% of its trade in the year 2020. This means that the already struggling industry will see further cut in costs. There is an urgent need to innovate new ways to market the goods it produces. The modern state of India still has one of the largest employed workforce in the textile sector, and a large part of it is the handloom industry – which is mostly worked in by the artisans who are either poor or are working hard to preserve their traditional way of manufacturing clothes and designs. For India presents a rainbow in manufacturing methods – right from the famous Benarasi Saree to the now almost extinct methods of making silk and woolen garments in the remote hills of Ladakh and Kashmir.
Cotton has been cultivated in the Indian subcontinent for over 3000 years. And that is probably also the age of a rich tradition of fabric making. With the advent of the bronze age through the influx of Greco-Roman, Mongol, Iranian, Vedic and Afghan cultures into the modern age of Mughals, Marathas, British and later the republic of India and her neighbours – the Indian textile industry has seen a plethora of changes and demand.
Handloom has a great symbolic importance to India. For it was the first Industry that stood as a symbol of self-reliance during the British Raj resistance period, a rhetoric the current Indian Prime Minister used in his Atmanirbhar Bharat campaign. After all, if it were not for Indian fabric – the famed Muslins and Pashminas and Indian spices – the British would have had to search for other reasons to come and settle in a land so very far away from their motherland.
7th August marks the National Handloom day – a day dedicated to an industry that is rapidly finding itself in a stage where only the ones who are super-nationalist and the rich opting for it. Handloom products are often costly than the cheap produce of the machines that invaded the textile industry 200 years ago, effectively ushering in the Industrial Revolution in the 17th century England.
Back to India, here is a list of some famous Indian handloom industries and the cities in which they are concentrated.
- Varanasi – The famed Banaras Silk sari is the prized possession of many north Indian women as that is the standard sari of the bride in marriages in households that can afford them. And yet, the Benarasi artists are increasingly been replaced by machines that are producing cheaper saris though with reduced finesse. To add to it is the Zamdani works on cotton fabric, quite endemic to the city.
- Jaipur – Jaipur and its handloom industry have the royal family of Jaipur as its patrons. There are establishments and shops that were opened by the last Rajmata of the city, Gayatri Deviji to promote local industries. To add to that is the already existing tradition of Bandhni, Zari and Patti works.
- Surat – One of the oldest textile industries that were spotted and used by the local rulers and the British alike. The silk industry in Surat is one of the largest of its kind in the country.
- Kota – The tuition capital of the country is also home to the Kota Doria, Gotta Patti and the Kota weave artisans.
- Lucknow – The city has an industry that keeps alive the times when nawabs ruled over the city of Lucknow, the then capital of the Awadh state. Most famous of its local weaves is the Chikankari work.
- Bhadohi – The small town is only 40km from Varanasi and has been the centre of Indo-Persian carpet work since the era of the Mughal Emperor Akbar and has the largest carpet making industry in the country.
Well, there are many more of such cities and villages when one researches about them. Many of the ingenious art forms that are involved in making clothes are dying with less than 50 families left that carry forward the tradition. The sad part – machines cannot replicate that finesse. Such is the case of the wool and silk industry in the Gharwal and Kashmir valleys.
After the pandemic or even during it, let us and our government support this remnant of our history, our art, our tradition and a symbol of first instance of our modern industrial self reliance.
10 REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD TRAVEL TO THE MOUNTAINS
The mountains show the raw beauty of nature, extreme calmness and offer so much more than you can imagine. Feel the sun on your face and back and enjoy the cast number of activities provided by the mountains…. It can be canoeing or hiking or climbing or fishing etc. which will never make you regret your decision to travel the mountains. Go and Retreat on your next vacation.
REASONS TO TRAVEL MOUNTAINS :
- Health Benefits: Travel to mountains can be very therapeutic with the miles stretching greenery and beautiful sounds of birds.
- Finding Peace: Mountains help you find your inner peace in life and give the opportunity to discover and explore the beauty of nature.
- Mesmerizing Beauty: The terrain is rough and reaching some places can be tough but you will get to feel that because you will be mesmerized with the beauty of the mountains. This beauty helps in healing, giving peace and a whole pure feeling.
- Tranquility and Peace: People head to mountains when they need some peace and space. The mountains take you to a uncomplicated lifestyle. 10 minutes of meditation can heal your soul and give the peace that you want.
- Pure Air: One of the best things about mountains is the pure air which you won’t find anywhere else. Take a deep breathe and feel it immediately. You will get to know and feel the difference. You will surely miss this fresh air once you return to the city life.
- Adventures: Mountains offer a range of adventures which will add better experiences to your trip. And hiking is one of the best and most amazing adventures to do in mountains.
- Welcoming Nature of the People: The people of the mountains welcome you with a warm smile and everyone you meet in the mountains will be very polite and helpful. You will not feel like a stranger there.
- Disconnect: Mountains give you the perfect chance to escape from the chaotic lifestyle and everyday rush. It is important for everyone to take a break and enjoy their life with a free time.
- Build Relationships: Travelling to mountains give a great time to spend with your family and friends. Mountains offer many activities and adventures which can be done in groups and here you can do them with your family and friends and even other travelers which gives you an opportunity to build relationships.
- Not a Sight but an Experience: The best thing about the mountains is the experience that you will get and not just the scenes. You will understand and explore nature; come across different people and welcoming locals; adventures and events; fresh air and purity and peace. You will be disconnected from the entire chaos and hectic lifestyle and will get a perfect vacation filled with purity, tranquility and adventures.
The adrenaline rush from the peaks, the serene tranquility and the heights of mountains will fill your heart with happiness and joy. Mountains really bring out the best from you, set your soul free and happy. The tall peaks, the misty environment, the warm locals- a retreat to the mountains brings you back to the city with a clearer mind and a happier heart.
TOP 5 MAHARASTRIAN FOOD YOU MUST TRY
You haven’t tried any Maharashtrian dish till now? Ohh you must! What are you waiting for, here are some Maharashtrian foods for you, try these absolutely delicious Maharashtrian dishes and experience the cuisine in all its glory!
What comes in your mind when you think about Maharashtrian food, Mumbai’s famous Vadapao, Misal Pav from Pune, Kolhapur’s Tambda Rassa and many more. From Misal pav to Aamti to Bhelpuri, each one of them is a gem. So here are some famous and extremely tasty Maharashtrian foods for you.
1. Zunka Bhakar
Zunka Bhakar is a traditional meal of Maharashtrian people. It’s a meal of poor, who can’t afford any food, Zunka Bhakar is like a blessing for them. Every Maharashtrian loves Zunka Bhakar. Zunka is made with besan paste and served with bajra or jwari roti which is called as Bhakar.
2. Puran Poli
Puran Poli is like festival food for all Maharashtrian out there, its specifically made during all festivals like Diwali, Gudi Padwa even on birthdays Maharashtrians made Puran Poli. Made with gram flour and stuffed with sweet mixture of dal, this Maharashtrian bread is a sweet delight for your taste buds.
If you love sweets you should definitely try Puran Poli!
3. Misal Pav
Misal Pav is basically for breakfast but, you can had it anytime it’s a meal that can be had at any time of the day. If you are living in a Pune and you still haven’t tried Misal Pav then, what are you waiting for, you must try this out today!!
Misal Pav is made with potatoes, hot masalas and team up with bread to create a perfect, Maharashtrian meal.
4. Kandepohe
A famous Maharashtrian breakfast. For Maharashtrians Kandepohe with Chaha (tea) is like heaven. If we have any guests or any marriage proposal meeting exists, we Maharashtrians first made kandepohe, it’s like compulsory.
5. Modak
Modak, the favourite meal of Ganeshji, it’s specially made on Ganesh Chaturthi, Modaks are now made in many parts of the country as well. Sweet flour dumplings stuffed with coconut, jaggery, nutmeg and saffron.
CHHICHHORE
THE MOVIE WITH BEST MESSAGE : NEVER QUIT
Chhichhore, the movie which taught us that, suicide is not right option, movies which taught us “ NEVER GIVE UP”, we just have to keep going, doing our best just keep going and enjoy your life cause these moments are never gonna come back.
In life things we love the most always disappears quickly and its life.
The film tells the story of Aniruddha “Anni” Pathak, a middle-aged divorcee whose son Raghav tries to commit suicide but survives, though he is in a critical condition for his unwillingness to live out of fear he would be called a “loser”. Desperate, he goes against the wishes of his former girlfriend turned ex-wife Maya’s wishes to recount his own journey in 1992 as a “loser” in a gang of six; as he continues along to convince Raghav, the other five receive news of the tragedy and decide to join their friend in his pain to complete a story they never fail to cherish as a lesson in their life.
Since childhood we are listening this, from our parents, family members and relatives, if you win this competition, I’ll buy you your fav dress or I’ll buy you motorcycle, if you get first rank in your school or college test, I’ll buy you smartphone, if you got selected or if you pass the test I’ll give you this or that or whatever you want I’ll give you, blab blah. But no one told us that if you didn’t won or if you got second rank or if you failed the test, it’s okay, it’s completely okay, atleast you have tried and worked very hard for this. What’s big deal if you didn’t got selected, the most important thing is, you tried and didn’t give up easily. Life is all about second change for them who don’t give up easily and try until they give their best. Let’s say that, it wasn’t your best and promise yourself that you will try very hard to give your best and trust yourself, if you think you can do it then you definitely can and one day you will definitely became successful and will achieve your dream.
Its human nature that we got disappointed very soon, we think like we did so much hard work for this and after all this what we got is failure.
Its life and in life things always don’t go as we planned, just trust yourself and try harder, you may struggle but it won’t matter anymore. If you feel like quitting, think about the reason why you started.
NEVER QUIT. NEVER GIVE UP. FLY IT TO THE END.
Here are some memorable dialogues from Chhichore we will always remember
1. “Tumhara result decide nahi karta hai ki tum loser ho ki nahi… Tumhari koshish decide karti hai!”
2. “Success ke baad ka plan sabke paas hai… lekin agar, galti se fail ho gaye… toh failure se kaise deal karna hai… Koi baat hi nahi karna chahta.”
3. “Hum haar jeet, success failure mein itna ulajh gaye hai… ki, zindagi jeena bhool gaye hai… Zindagi mein agar kuch sabse zyada important hai… toh woh hai khud ZINDAGI.”
4. “Doosron se haarke loser kehlane se kahin zyada bura hai…khud se haarke loser kehlana.”
5. “I am a failure, mera kuchh nhi ho sakta… But we forgot success doesn’t come at once.”
6. “Dost jinke sath hum haste hai, rote hai Par zindagi jeena sikhte hai.”
TOOLS TO HELP ENHANCE YOUR RESUME
1. KICKRESUME
Kickresume is a resume builder tool that lets you choose from pre- designed resume and cover letter templates. Kickresume is by far the most easy to use and effective resume website which will help to make your resume look more elegant, well designed and impressive. Kickresume gives you amillion design combinations to improve your resume. Whether you are nurse or an engineer it doesn’t matter with kickresume your resume will always stand out.
“Being a college student who is transitioning to the work life, I consider Kickresume the most helpful tool available. It is very user-friendly with a variety of designs tailored to your personal preferences and profession. It doesn’t get any better than this!!!“
It offers templates for various professional arenas. Simply choose your profession and further customize it according to your needs!
2. READABLE
While creating your resume it is extremely necessary to view it from an employer’s perspective. Is the format clear? Does it hold attention? Is it easy to read and understand? Readable can help. The tools scores your content based on various aspect such as sentence construction, structure and more!
Readability is about making content clear and easy to understand for the largest audience possible. Focusing on readability increases the chance that your target audience will actually read and interact with the content you publish. For this reason, readability should be a natural part of your content management.
3. CANVA
Of course, you’ve heard of Canva choose from a plethora of templates to add that touch of finesse to your own resume. Customize your resume by changing elements, colour, and style. While it can be a lot of fun customizing your resume remember to it professional, sleek, and clean.
4. GRAMMERLY
Yes, this tool is nothing short of a lifesaver when it comes to assignments. But guess what? You can also use Grammarly to create grammatically flawless application and resumes. it will make sure that everything you type is effective and mistake-free, it will help you write mistake-free in not only resume but also in Gmail, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and many other app you use. Even the text messages also!
It also check the tone of your application, making it suitable for professional and formal use . No silly spelling errors anymore, yay!
Grammarly isn’t just a safety net. You’ll get detailed explanations for all your mistakes to help you avoid making them again in the future.
HOCKEY
Hockey is a sport in which two teams play against each other by trying to manoeuvre a ball or a puck into the opponent’s goal using a hockey stick. There are many types of hockey such as bandy, field hockey, ice hockey and rink hockey.
In most of the world, the term hockey by itself refers to field hockey, while in Canada, the United States, Russia and most of Eastern and Northern Europe, the term usually refers to ice hockey.
Games played with curved sticks and a ball can be found in the histories of many cultures. In Egypt, 4000-year-old carvings feature teams with sticks and a projectile, hurling dates to before 1272 BC in Ireland, and there is a depiction from approximately 600 BC in Ancient Greece, where the game may have been called kerētízein or because it was played with a horn or horn-like stick .[10] In Inner Mongolia, the Daur people have been playing , a game similar to modern field hockey, for about 1,000 years.
Most evidence of hockey-like games during the Middle Ages is found in legislation concerning sports and games. The Galway Statute enacted in Ireland in 1527 banned certain types of ball games, including games using “hooked” (written “hockie”, similar to “hooky”) sticks
By the 19th century, the various forms and divisions of historic games began to differentiate and coalesce into the individual sports defined today. Organizations dedicated to the codification of rules and regulations began to form, and national and international bodies sprang up to manage domestic and international competition.
Utilising the potential of the youth of the country
In India over 62% of the population is aged between 15 and 59 years, and the median age of the population is less than 30 years. This means India is going through the stage of ‘demographic dividend’ representing the potential for economic growth based on the age structure of the population.
However, transforming this potential into reality requires adolescents and the youth to be healthy and well-educated.
A study on demographic dividend in India by United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) said the window of demographic dividend opportunity in India is available for five decades from 2005-06 to 2055-56.
Therefore, more than the fears of a ‘population explosion’, it is critical that India focus attention on safeguarding young people’s well-being because India’s welfare hinges on them.
With so much potential we can march ahead in the path of success! Then what’s stopping us?
What are the Challenges In Realising Youth Potential
- Lack of Education and Skill: India’s underfunded education system is inadequately equipped to provide the skills young people need to take advantage of emerging employment opportunities.
- According to the World Bank, public expenditure on education constituted only 3.4% of GDP in 2020.
- Another report revealed that India stands 62nd in terms of public expenditure per student, and fares badly in quality of education measures such as student-teacher ratios.
- Impact of the Pandemic: Various studies show that school closures have a serious impact on the learning, lives and mental well-being of children. A survey by the International Labour Organization (ILO) reveals that 65% of adolescents worldwide reported having learnt less during the pandemic.
- Issues of Young Women: Child marriage, gender-based violence, their vulnerability to abuse and trafficking, especially if primary caregivers fall ill or die. All these issues restrict young women to achieve their full potential.
- Jobless Growth: The main contributor in India’s GDP is the service sector which is not labour intensive and thus adds to jobless growth. Further about 50% of India’s population is still dependent on agriculture which is notorious for underemployment and disguised unemployment.
- Low Social Capital: Further high levels of hunger, malnutrition, stunting among children, high levels of anaemia among adolescent girls, poor sanitation etc., have reduced the productivity of India’s youth in realising their potential.
What is the way forward?
- Inter-sectoral Collaboration: It is imperative to have in place mechanisms for better inter-sectoral collaboration to safeguard the futures of the young generation. Coordination across departments can enable better solutions and greater efficiencies in tackling any crisis.
- Eg.: Mid-day meals scheme not only provides an incentive for parents to send their children to school but also provides the calorie intake required to stay alert in the classroom.
- Skill Development to increase employability of the young population. India’s labour force needs to be empowered with the right skills for the modern economy.
- Government has established the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) with the overall target of skilling/up-skilling 500 million people in India by 2022.
- Improving Social Infrastructure: If India wants to leverage the economic potential of its youth bulge, then it must invest in improving social infrastructure viz. good health, quality education, and endeavour to provide decent employment to their entire population.
- Maintaining Basic Hygiene: As school closures have impacted access to schemes such as the delivery of menstrual hygiene products to adolescents, teachers can work as volunteers for collaborating with frontline health workers to distribute sanitary napkins to girls.
- Helpline For Youth: To address the mental health of adolescents, the Health and Education Ministries should strengthen outreach via existing helplines and by enabling conversations on critical issues regarding their reproductive and sexual health.
- Immediate Steps After Pandemic: It is important for policymakers to balance the risks of transmission through children with the harm of prolonged school closures.
- By prioritising the vaccination of teachers and school support staff and also allowing a decentralised approach where district-level officials may reopen schools based on local Covid-19 transmission rates, schools could be opened in a safe and phased manner.
Conclusion
Improving the lives of youth in mission mode would lift their lives, generate a virtuous cycle with healthier and educated young adults contributing substantially to securing India’s future.
The policies for empowerment of youth and their effective implementation will ensure that demographic dividend, which is a time-limited opportunity, becomes a boon for India.
Food
Life cannot exist without energy. Energy is inevitable for the day – to- day life activities. This energy is derived from food. Food is defined as a composite mixture of various substances which sustain life activities. Foodstuff is defined as anything which can be used as food. The foodstuff of animals is composed of the following six components:
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Vitamins, Minerals and water
Role of Food
Food has four important functions in the life of animals. They are as follows:
It supplies energy which maintains the day-to-day life activities. Food is essential for the growth and repair of body and its parts. It gives temperature for the body. Certain type of food materials like vitamins regulate the activities of animals.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the cheapest sources of energy in the animal food. Carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon with an empirical formula Cn(H_2O). Hydrogen and oxygen are combined in the same ratio as in water (H_2O). Hence they were named as carbohydrates. But a number of carbohydrates, discovered later, do not have H and O in the above proportion; again some carbohydrates contain N_2 and S. Still the unsuitable name, carbohydrates, is retained. Carbohydrate is defined as an organic compound that contains carbonyl group, namely aldehyde or ketone in addition to two or more alcohol groups or that yields such compounds on hydrolysis. Eg. Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Lactose, Cellulose, Starch, Glycogen, etc.
Physiological Role of Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate has the following functions:
It is the main source of energy. Energy is essential for day- to-day activities. It plays main role in metabolism.
Proteins
The term ‘protein’ is derived from a Greek word ‘protes’ meaning ‘prime’ or ‘first importance’. Proteins are complex organic nitrogenous compounds. They contain C, H_2,O_2,N_2 and S. Some proteins also contain P and Fe. Proteins are defined as high molecular weight polymers in which the building blocks are the aminoacids. Amino acids are the basic units of proteins. Each protein is formed of several amino acids. Eg. Albumin, Globulin, Haemoglobin, etc.
Physiological Role of proteins
In the animal world, protein has the following functions:
Most of the enzymes are protein in nature. The enzymes function as biocatalysts. The hormones secreted by endocrine glands are protein in nature. Haemoglobin transports gases. Immunoglobulin of blood plasma acts as antibodies. Proteins are essential for the growth and repair of animals. They supply energy and heat
How to be a good person?
Being good person means more than just doing things for others. You have to accept your true self and have to discover what does goodness means to you. You have to be honest from your heart. Everyone have their own unique talents. Focus on sharing goodness that lies within you.
Be a good person for your own sake. Don’t try to become good just to impress others. Your dedication to a particular creed, ideology or set of guidelines doesn’t make you better than anyone else. Do what you believe makes you a good person on your own terms. Be a good listener this will help you to be a good speaker. Forgive people for their mistake this will helps you to let go of negativity and encourages you to move on. Most important be honest with yourself and to others. Being honest doesn’t mean being rude or cruel. Respect everyone, be fair to all and be kind.
BADMINTON
Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net. Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are “singles” (with one player per side) and “doubles” (with two players per side). Badminton is often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court. Points are scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the opposing side’s half of the court.
Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. Play ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor or if a fault has been called by the umpire, service judge, or (in their absence) the opposing side.
The shuttlecock is a feathered or plastic projectile which flies differently from the balls used in many other sports. In particular, the feathers create much higher drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly. Shuttlecocks also have a high top speed compared to the balls in other racquet sports. The flight of the shuttlecock gives the sport its distinctive nature.
The game may have originally developed among expatriate officers in British India, where it was very popular by the 1870s. Ball badminton, a form of the game played with a wool ball instead of a shuttlecock, was being played in Thanjavur as early as the 1850s and was at first played interchangeably with badminton by the British, the woollen ball being preferred in windy or wet weather.
Early on, the game was also known as Poona or Poonah after the garrison town of Poona, where it was particularly popular and where the first rules for the game were drawn up in 1873.By 1875, officers returning home had started a badminton club in Folkestone. Initially, the sport was played with sides ranging from 1 to 4 players, but it was quickly established that games between two or four competitors worked the best. The shuttlecocks were coated with India rubber and, in outdoor play, sometimes weighted with lead. Although the depth of the net was of no consequence, it was preferred that it should reach the ground.
The Evergreen Mughal Architecture
Mughal architecture, is a characteristic Indo-Islamic-Persian building style that flourished in Northern and Central India under the patronage of the Mughal emperors from the mid-16th to the late 17th century. This new style combined elements of Islamic art and architecture, which had been introduced to India during the Delhi Sultanate (1192–1398) and had produced great monuments such as the Qutb Minar, with features of Persian art and architecture. Mughal monuments are found chiefly in the northern parts of India, but there are also many remains in Pakistan. The Mughal period marked a striking revival of Islamic architecture in northern India. Under the patronage of the Mughal emperors, Persian, Indian, and various provincial styles were fused to produce works of unusual quality and refinement.
The tomb of the emperor Humayun (1564) at Delhi inaugurated the new style, though it shows strong Persian influences. The tomb was designed by a Persian architect Mirak Mirza Ghiyas. Set in a garden at Delhi, it has an intricate ground plan with central octagonal chambers, joined by an archway with an elegant facade and surmounted by cupolas, kiosks, and pinnacles.
The first great period of building activity occurred under the emperor Akbar (reigned 1556–1605) at Agra and at the new capital city of Fatehpur Sikri, which was founded in 1569. The latter city’s Great Mosque (1571; Jami Masjid), with its monumental Victory Gate (Buland Darzawa), is one of the finest mosques of the Mughal period. The great fort at Agra (1565–1574) and the tomb of Akbar at Sikandra, near Agra, are other notable structures dating from his reign. Most of these early Mughal buildings use arches only sparingly, relying instead on post-and-lintel construction. They are built of red sandstone or white marble.
Mughal architecture reached its peak during the reign of the emperor Shah Jahan (1628–1658), its crowning achievement being the magnificent Taj Mahal. This period is marked by a fresh emergence in India of Persian features that had been seen earlier in the tomb of Humayun. The use of the double dome, a recessed archway inside a rectangular fronton, and parklike surroundings are all typical of the Shah Jahan period. Symmetry and balance between the parts of a building were always stressed, while the delicacy of detail in Shah Jahan decorative work has seldom been surpassed. White marble was a favored building material as is evidenced with the Wonder of the World. After the Taj Mahal, the second major undertaking of Shah Jahan’s reign was the palace-fortress at Delhi, begun in 1638. Among its notable buildings are the red-sandstone-pillared Diwan-I-Am (“Hall of Public Audience”) and the so-called Diwan-I-Khas (“Hall of Private Audience”), which housed the famous Peacock Throne. He established Delhi as his capital (1638) and built there the famous Red Fort (1639) which contained the imperial Mughal palace.
The architectural monuments of Shah Jahan’s successor, Aurangzeb (reigned 1658–1707), were not as numerous, though some notable mosques, including the Badshahi mosque in Lahore, were built before the beginning of the 18th century. Subsequent works moved away from the balance and coherence characteristic of mature Mughal architecture. In general, however, Mughal architecture had begun to decline during his reign, a process that would accelerate after his death. “Architecture, of all the arts, is the one which acts the most slowly, but the most surely, on the soul.” The Mughal architecture truly was a revolutionary blend of different cultures and till the present day. Some of the buildings constructed under the reign of the emperor’s are some of the most famous and well known and continue to inspire and attract millions towards its timeless design.
The Rise of Medical Tourism in India
In India, health care is one of the largest sectors, in terms of revenue and employment, and is expanding rapidly. During the 1990s, the Indian health care sector grew at a compound annual rate of 16%. The total value of the sector is more than 34 billion U.S. dollars in 2010 and grew up to 160 billion U.S. dollars in 2017 and was estimated to reach up to a value 372 billion dollars by 2022. A major proportion of this growth is predicted to be attributable to the growth in the business of medical tourism. According to Britannica Medical tourism, also called health tourism, surgical tourism, or medical travel can be defined as the international travel undertaken for the purpose of receiving medical care.
Medical tourism in India has gained momentum over the past few years. According to the Confederation of Indian Industries (CII), approximately 150,000 patients arrived in India in 2005 from across the globe for medical treatment in 2016, the number of visitors arrived in the country amounted to 361,000. The medical tourism industry in India was valued at around $3 billion in 2015, and it was expected to grow to $9 billion in 2020 before covid-19 struck.
There are several characteristics that make India an appealing destination for visitors seeking health services. These include its well-trained health practitioners, a large populace of good English-speaking medical staff, a good mix of allopathic and alternative systems of medicine, the availability of super-specialty centers, use of technologically advanced diagnostic equipment, and finally and more importantly, the availability of these premium services at competitive cost.
The costs of comparable treatment in India are on average one-eighth to one-fifth of those in the West. For instance, a cardiac procedure that costs anywhere between US$40,000–60,000 in the United States is priced at US$30,000 in Singapore, US$12,000–15,000 in Thailand and only US$3,000–6,000 in India. Likewise, the associated costs of surgery are also low. A study by the India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF) showed that India is more cost-competitive than other leading medical tourism destinations like Thailand.
Health services in India have the additional advantage of providing a good mix of allopathic and alternative systems of medicine. For instance, while New Delhi has emerged as a prime destination for cardiac care, Chennai has established a niche for quality eye care, and Kerala and Karnataka have emerged as hubs for state-of-the-art Ayurvedic healing.
The opportunity for profit in this sector has encouraged several large corporations and several non-resident Indians (NRIs) to invest money in setting up super-specialty. These facilities now dominate the upper end of the private sector and cater predominantly to medical tourists and affluent sections of the society.
Even the Government of India has responded promptly to tap the potential of this sector. In its effort to capitalize on this opportunity the Government has undertaken measures to promote India as a ‘global health destination’. The National Health Policy strongly encourages medical facilities to provide services to users from overseas (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 2002). The Indian Ministry of Tourism has started a new category of visas for medical tourists called the ‘M’ or medical visas. This program that ensures that people who need critical, life-saving treatment should get their visas in a timely manner. Being able to easily obtain a visa is one of the primary reasons that people seeking treatment come from abroad to visit India to get that treatment that is provided at a reasonable price. Having procedures done in a timely manner has saved countless lives, and is likely to save much more in the future.
If the present trend continues, trade in health services will become one of the biggest sectors in India. India has become one of the premiere medical tourism destinations in the world for many good reasons. The lower cost does not mean lower a quality of care. The quality of care compares to that received in any Western country. However, the growth of this sector could pose a potential threat to the already crippled public health system in India
HOW TO ENHANCE COMMUNICATION SKILLS?
Communication is the mode of exchanging our feelings and ideas with others. It paves the way for the listener to understand and for the speaker to express their thoughts. Everyone can communicate with others but whether it is effective or not is decided by the way you convey messages. This requires communication skills. It is the ability to express and share thoughts and feelings effectively. It is one of the main soft skills that are very much essential to maintain a good rapport in the workplace. Communication may be of any form – spoken, written, visual, or even non-verbal communications like body actions. In general, it is a combination of all these. Here are few ways to upgrade your communication skills.
- PRACTICE ACTIVE LISTENING
Good communicator is always a good listener too. Try to listen to what others are saying so that you can communicate with those developed points and answer the questions raised as well. Don’t avoid listening or get distracted to think about what you have to respond to next. When you start paying close attention to others you become an active listener and this quality is very important to improve the skill.
- KEEP IT SIMPLE
Use simple words and sentences to convey your essence. Don’t show off your vocabulary and use complex words. It will not reach everyone as every listener may not be as skilled as you. Make sure that everyone understands what you are trying to convey. Try to engage the audience by asking questions and feedback to them. A mount hill of emotions or a vague expression will not get your attention. So, manage your emotions while you deliver something.
- MAINTAIN COHERENCE
While communicating ensure that you start and end with the key points and gist. Maintain the coherent sequence of ideas from start till end. Don’t make it a mess by mixing up all the points. Be clear and precise in what you are delivering. Add short stories in the middle to have the attention of the audience throughout the session. Don’t be so spontaneous, pause in between. Stick on to the timing. Don’t finish it very soon or drag it so long.
- NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Non-verbal communication is equally important as verbal communication. Your audience is going to judge you and your skills mostly based on this. Your body language conveys almost 50% of your ideations. So, try to have good postures and gestures. Make eye contact with the audience. This means that have eye contact with every person at least once when you communicate. Don’t be specific to a particular place, utilize most of the space provided to you.
- OTHER FACTORS
- Friendliness – This quality shows your positive attitude and drags others towards you to listen.
- Confidence – Have full faith in what you do. It becomes difficult to make others understand when you are not confident enough.
- Clarity – Use a clear tone of voice and volume to express the feelings more effectively. This is essential as it gives life to your speech.
- Empathy – Be empathetic towards others and try to understand their emotions. Respect others’ opinions and views and give equal concern to them.
These are the few tips to enhance your communication skills. Practice this in your daily presentations and become an expert. Happy learning😊.
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