Author: DIVYA J

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS.

Entrepreneur means to undertake. Entrepreneur is an individual who take risk and start something new and entrepreneur is a person who puts together capital labour and converts is idea into reality. Entrepreneurship is a purposeful activity of an individuals or group of individuals undertaken to initiate maintain profit by production and distribution of associated goods and services an entrepreneur as a function of risk wearing innovative organisations managerial and decision making.

Entrepreneur can be classified on the basis of according to the type of business which includes business entrepreneur industrial entrepreneur corporate entrepreneur agriculture entrepreneur and trading entrepreneur according to motivation for entrepreneur induced entrepreneur motivated entrepreneur spontaneous entrepreneur according to the use of technology technical entrepreneur non technical entrepreneur professional entrepreneur according to the scale large scale industry entrepreneur medium scale industry entrepreneur tiny industry entrepreneur small scale industry entrepreneur according to capital ownership private entrepreneur state entrepreneur joint entrepreneur according to stage of development first generation entrepreneur second generation entrepreneur classical entrepreneur other classifications on the basis of spiritual entrepreneur and social entrepreneur.

Women entrepreneurship is the process where buy women take the lead and organise the business or industry and provide employment to others. An women entrepreneur eastern enterprise which is owned and controlled by a woman having minimum financial interest of 51% of the capital and giving at least 51% of employment opportunity to women . The following are the institution’s promoting women entrepreneur.1-self-help groups or micro finance scheme: association of small groups of self employed rural or urban women entrepreneurs which is voluntary.2- FIWE (Federation of Indian Women Entrepreneur:was established in the year 1993. They help in providing network facility women entrepreneurs in the countries and abroad to develop their business their help in providing facility for the area of marketing quality control export management standardization.3-WIT( women’s india trust): was established in the year 1968 it is used to market the products of WIT members from Door to door under Kamila trust UK a then open the shop in London named Kashi and also extended in Europe Germany.4- SIDBI( Small industry development Bank of India): it acts as the principal financial institute for promotion financing and development of industry in small scale factor and to co-ordinate the function of the institution’s engaged in promotion and financing in small sector. 5- SIDO( small industries development organisation): it was introduced for process and product oriented EDP in the areas like television repairing printed circuit boards leather goods etc.

JOBS.

The covid-19 pandemic as triggered our life has the most job crisis. The impact of this real danger that the crisis will increase poverty and widen inequalities. Countries now need to do everything they can to stop this job crisis from turning into social crisis a numerous people have lost their jobs especially womens. Man employment rate in the national capital as increased by 17% with about 83%. Women respondents choosing to permanently opt stop workforce.

As per the centre of monitoring Indian economy between Mid 2016-2020 the female labour participation rate that is to the percentage of women working out will fall from 16.4 percent to about 11% as per now it has been estimated that this numerical might be pushed down to 9%. The date stated that only about 10.7% of total workforce in 2019-20 was in favour of women and about 13.9% of job losses will be e a witness of unemploymet. The overall unemployment rate for August 2020 was 8.35% and will drop to less than 7% in the following months and it shall rather increase of the unemployment rate would be an underestimate as per the denominator is not stable. India’s unemployment rate of 24% despite the sound 7% literacy rate through the figure are discouraging the creativity and various fields the year brought to be forefront cannot be ignored.

More younger workers and freshers and women laws job with individually moving into crisis. Serve self employment in agriculture construction and small-scale trade overall 54.3 percent workforce were affected by covid-19 lockdown around 30% lost their jobs and where then able to return to employment. Status if not type of work or income experience difference by age gender industry of employment. Around 15% of workers age 15-24 years last jobs for employment added during the lockdowns when we compared to 40% and 35% of 25-34 years of age and 35-44 years respectively are affected lesson numbers having lost employment older workers were 4 times more likely to lose the jobs. The freshest with less and no experience are in general cheap to get hired or placed in any organisation. Consequently about 9 out of 10 older workers are back placed in their workforce but when compared with no experience or freshers about 5 out of 10 younger workers ere in workplace.

The COVID-19 pandemic make LED digital shift created a massive demand for skilled professionals in domains like business analytics data science online learning cyber security e commerce ed-tech and logistics. Hiring freshers top rated technology talent for roles in emerging technologies as a demand for this program in emerging technology as increased. We believe that the top skills that will continue to be in demand in next upcoming years.

CONTRACT LAW.

contract law according to Indian contract act 1872 is an agreement enforceable by law and contract is agreement made between two or more parties which the law will enforce.

The essential elements of a valid contract are offers and acceptance it is one of the essential of valid contract that must be an offer from either side of the party without the offer a contract cannot be formed there must be an offer from one party and acceptance from the other party secondary legal relationship the parties to an agreement must create legal relationship agreements of a social or domestic nature do not create legal relations and as such cannot give rise to a contract early lawful consideration consideration is something in return consideration has been defined as the price paid to one party to the promise of the other fourth capacity of parties it means that the parties to an agreement must be competent to contract accountant by a person of unsound mind is void ab initio does and contact enter into by a minor or by a lunatic is void fifth free consent for a valid contract it is necessary that the consent of parties to the contract must be free sixth lawful object it is also necessary that agreement should be made for a lawful object every agreement of which the object or consideration is unlawful is illegal seventh certainty for a valid contract the terms and condition of agreement must be clear and certain 8 possibility of performance if the act is legally or physically impossible to perform the agreement cannot be enforceable at law ninth not expressly declared void agreement must not be one of those which has been expressly declared to be void by act certain agreements are declared void under the Indian contract act 1872 finally legal formalities according to contract act and contract may be oral or in writing. Although In practical it is always in the interest of parties that the contract should be made in writing so that it may be convenient to prove in the court.

The contract are classified on the following basis 1 on the basis of enforceability consisting of of valid contract voidable contract void agreement void contract enforceable contract express contract implied contract executed contract E-Commerce contract by letter contract. Valid contract is a contract which are enforceable in a court of law voidable contract if one party to the contract as the option of enforcing a contract by law but not at the option of the other it is and voidable contract void agreement agreement not enforceable by law void contract it is an agreement it may be enforceable at the time when it was entered into but later on due to certain reason impossibility or illegality of the contract it may become unenforceable express contract is a contract with the offer or acceptance of any promise is made in words the promise is said to be express unenforceable contract is a contract which as not properly fulfill the legal formalities that means unenforceable contract suffers from some technical defect like insufficient stamp executed contract is a contract with both the parties and perform their obligations bilateral contract is a contract with both the parties to perform their obligation E-Commerce contract is a contract basically done through online mode using internet.

ISRAEL.

The modern Israel as its origin Zionism movement. Established in the late 19th century by Jews in the Russian Empire called for the establishment of a territory Jewish state after encluding persecution. Israel is a small country in the middle East about the size of New Jersey located on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean sea and bordered by Egypt. Jordan Lebanon and Syria when was World war 1 ended in 1918 with an allied victory the Ottoman Empire rule ended and great Britain to control over style the British controlled Palestine untile Israel in the years following the end of world war 2 became an independent state. Inmein 1948 style was officially declared an independent state while the historic event seemed to be a victory of Jews. It is also marked the beginning of more violence with the Arabs following the announcement of a independent Israel five Arab Nations like Egypt Jordan Syria sraq labanon immediately invaded the region.

The land of Israel also known as the holy land in the birth place of Jewish people. It contains sites scared by Judaism Islam Christianity Samaritan druze and the bahafaith. In its early decades the economy official was largely state controlled and shaped by social democratic ideas his trial in the central highlands as a cultural and probably political entity more and ethical group rather than an organised state. The Archeological evidence indicated a society of village like centres but with more limited resources of a small population the capital of Israel is Jerusalem and the official language is Hebrew. Israel as evidence of the early humans in the territory of modern Israel who lived in the area that is now Northern Israel 120000 years ago. Over the last decade large numbers of migrant workers from Romania Thailand China Africa and South America have settled in Israel. Israel as one official language Hebrew Arabic has been an official language of the state of Israel. Hebrew is the primary language of the state and spoken everyday by the majority of the population. Arabic is spoken by arab minority. Many Israel is communicate Reasonably well in English as many television programs are broadcasted in English with subtitles of their language is taught from the early Israel in elementary school.

Israel is a parliamentary democratic with universal suffrage. Member of parliament support by and parliamentary majority become the prime minister. Interaction between the political parties keeps the balance between state and religion largely as it existed during the British. The land itself is not considered part of his trial as well as consciously refrained from annexing the territory without ever relinquishing it’s legal claim to the land for defining a border with the area. The Israel defence forces (IDF) is the sole military wing of the trial security forces and is headed B chief of general staff. The IDF also draws upon the resources of the military intelligence directorate. The Israel defence forces have been involved in several major war and make it one of the most battle trained armed forces in the world.

The international community maintains that Israel does not have sovereignty in the west bank and consider israel’s control of the area to be the longest military occupation in modern history subsequent legislative act have resulted in full application of law within the golen heights and East Jerusalem the government Israel is unitary parliamentary constituency republic.

HISTORY OF LAKSHADWEEP.

Lakshadweep is one of India 8th union territory. Local traditional attribute the the settlement on this islands to the period of Cheraman Perumal, The last king of Kerala. The principal islands in the territory are minical and those in the amindivi group. Lakshadweep means one lakh islands in Malayalam the official as well as the the widely spoken native language in the territory. The region forms a single Indian district with 10 subdivisions the island are the The northernmost of the Lakshadweep Maldives chagos group of islands which are the top of a watched under sea bridge mountain range the chagos Lakshadweep.

There are reference to the control of the islands by the Charas in the Sangam patirrupattur local traditional and legends attribute the first settlement on these islands the oldest inhabited Islands in the group are Amini, lalpeni, Andetto, Kavararti and Agatti. Most people of Lakshadweep are descendants of migrants from the Malabar coast of Southwest India and the islands are ethically e similar to coastal Kerala Malayali people the South most and second largest Islands of minicoy has and ethically e e population that are native to the Maldives it is believed that after is conversion to Islam at the behest of sono Arab merchants the present day kodungallor old as our town Kochi. It is believed that one of this sailing boats of Raja of cannanore was stuck by a fierce strong and they were shipwrecked on the island now known as bangaarama. The advent of Islam dates back to the seventh century around the year 41 hijra even after the convention of the entire Islands to Islam sovereignty remained in the ends of The Hindu rajah of chirakkal for some years later the administration of ireland’s passed onto the Muslim house of arakkal of cannanore around the middle of the 16 century.

Its traditional system of administration was treated by the English as something of miss government but they were more interested in their own political and economic interest that was the good government of the island. The soils of Lakshadweep agentry Sandy derived from the coral. The economic of Lakshadweep is agriculture and fishing coconut plums are the agriculture mainstay of Lakshadweep copra is produced and exported to the mainland and the cultivation of bananas vegetable fruit edible root crops and millet. The fishing is a continuous and ancient tradition of Skilled navigation among the territory. Other manufacturing activities coir coconut nosiery production fibre production weaving and boat building. The tourism promotes the industry which is closely monitored to guard against negative moment. The Government sponsored tour package available. The transportation to Lakshadweep is connected to the Indian mainland by sea and air there is and airport on the island of Agatti which has regular plane service to and from Kochi there are only a few miles of roads in Lakshadweep.

most of the Lakshadweep Islands speak Malayalam which is skin to old Sinhalese to safeguard indias vital shipping lanes to the middle East and Indian Navy base INS Dweeprakshak was commissioned on Kavararti Island.

DURING RENAISSANCE.

The Renaissance began in Italy hand spreading the rest of Europe by the 16th century which influence was fit in art architecture philosophy literature music science technology politics religion and other aspects of the intellectual inquiry. The Renaissance scholars employed the humanist method of study and searched for realism and human emotion in art well after the first artist return to class system has been exchanged filed in the scripture of Nicole Pisano Florentine painter by Masacloio strove to portray the human form realistically developing techniques to render prospective and light more naturally. Some scholars such as Rodney stark play down The Renaissance in favour of the earlier innovations of the Italian City States in the middle ages.Lorenzo de Medici bajda catalyst for any enormous amount of arts patronage the leading artist of Florence including Leonardo da Vinci,Sandro Botticelli and Michelangelo Buonarrati.

Looking on the famous renaissance artist Leonard da Vinci is probably the best known Renaissance artists famous for his mass works is innovative techniques including laying of paints precise attention to light shadow and human form and the and a detailed eye for expression and gesture the classic Renaissance man was not only an artist but also and innovator scientist architect engineer and more. Why is fame initially e registered on his achievements as a painter also became known for his notebooks on a variety of subjects including anatomy astronomy botany cartography painting and paleontology. He was known for painting drawing much more and of credited as the founder of high Renaissance. Is Magnum Opur the Mona Lisa is is best known work and often regarded as the world’s famous painting Salva. Image substantial discoveries in anatomy civil engineering hydrodynamics geology optics and tribology and the famous artwork of Da Vinci was Monalisa Last supper self-portrait head of women lady with ermine vitruvian man the virgin Salvator mundi Ginevra de benci the virgin and child with saint Anne.

Michelangelo was an accomplished artist poet architect and engineer is artist versatility watch as such as I order is output in this field there prodigious. Despite holding a low opinion of painting a also created two of the most influential frescoes in the history of the Western art as a young boys Michelangelo what sent for Florence to study grammar however issue no interest but referring to copy paintings from churches and later became artist most of Michelangelo works were Pieta,David Doni tonado (holy family) the large bathers. Raphael is known as third of the great master artist of Renaissance Italy is works trailer extremely influential even during his lifetimes. Raphael express the humanistic philosophy that we had learnt in the Urbino court as a boy. The Raphael artworks where resurrection of Christ the holy trinity the creation of Eve from Adam madana with lamp angel angel holding a scroll God the father and the virgin Mary Madonna Solly portrait of a man.

And finally Donatello who nailed from the period known as the early Renaissance . He mainly as a sculptor and the realism. Us able to create mark stark break common in middle age. Donatello was gaining reputation using innovative technique and extraordinary skills is workwear David Saint George the feast of Herod Magdalena penitent Judith and holeferner.

WORLD WAR II.

the World war 2 took place when Hitler invaded Poland from the west after which 2 days later France and Britain declared war on Germany beginning World war 2. The second World war conflict that involved virtually every part of the world the principal where the axis power Germany Italy and Japan and the allies France great Britain the United States the Soviet union. The world war 2 conflict that involve virtually every part of the world during the years World war 2 change the political alignment and social structure of the globe. The united nations was established to foster International cooperation. The Soviet union and the United States emerged as rival super powers setting the stage for the nearly of century long cold war. Most countries industries had been damaged mood towards economic recovery and expansion .

The outbreak of the World war 1 was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. In a total war directly involving more than hundred million personal from more than 30 countries the major participants to their entire economic industrial and scientific capabilities behind the war effect blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. The aircraft played a major role in the conflict enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the only 2 uses of nuclear centre in the war to this day. In the wake of the axis defeat Germany and Japan were occupied and was tribunal where conducted against Germany and Japanese leaders that allied victory resulted in fall of Nazi Germany fascist Italy and imperial Japan allied military occupation of Germany Japan Austria and foundation of the Italian republic in place of the kingdom of Italy. Beginning of the nuclear age dissolution of the league of Nations and creation of the United Nations emergence of the United States and the Soviet union was rival super powers and beginning of the cold war. The casualties and losses the military date over 16000000 and the civilian stat over 40 5000000 total death over 610000000.

The second world war is generally considered to have big and under Nazi Germany e Adolf Hitler invaded Poland in the wake of European devastation the influence of its great powers waned triggering the decolonisation of Africa and Asia most countries whose industry had been damaged mood two words economic recovery and expansion despite strong Pacifists sentiment after World war 1, irredentist and revanchist nationalism emerged in several European states in the same period the sentiments where is specially marked in Germany because of the significant territorial colonies and financial losses imposed by the treaty of Versailles . From 1922 to 1925 the fascist movement seized power in Italy with nationalist totalitarian and class coloboratronist agenda that abolished the representative democracy repressed socialist left winning of liberal forces and pursued and aggressive expansionist foreign policy aimed at making Italy a world power. The world war two resulted in the extension of the Soviet union power to nations of eastern Europe.

The German dictator Adolf Hitler has become determined to invaded and occupied by Poland at to neutralize the possibility that the Soviet union would resist the invasion of its Western neighbour. Adolf Hitler leader of Nazi party e re armed the nation and signed strategic treaties with Italy and Japan to further his ambition of world domination Hitler after becoming chancellor of Germany swiftly consolidated power after assigning alliance with Italy and Japan Hitler sent troops to occupy Austria World war 2 prove to be the deadliest International conflict in history who died at the hands of Nazi. The legacy of the war includes spread of communalism global shift in power that would soon face different it against each other in cold war. World war 2 ended when vs general accepted Japan’s formal surrender abroad the US Battleship Missouri anchored in Tokyo Bay along with a flotilla of more than 250 allied warships.

WORLD WAR I.

World war 1 which is also known as great for begin in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. The World war 1 was a global originating in Europe it led to the mobilization of more than 70 million military personnel including 60 million euro peons making it one of the largest was in the history it was one of the deadliest conflict in history the World war 1 started in 28 July 1914 and came to an end on 11 November 1918 which was the estimate of four years three month and two weeks after the declaration of the World war 1 the allies won war World war and gain the treaties. The treaties of Versailles that was signed on 28 June 1919 and the treaty of saint- Germaine-laye which was signed on 10th of September the treaty of Neuilly- sus-seine which was signed on 27 Nov. The treaty of Trainon which was signed on 4th June 1920 and treaty of sevres signed on 10 aug 1920 and the United States Austria’s peace treaty e which was signed on 25th August 1921, US Hungary peace treaty which was signed on 29 aug 1921 and finally the treaty of Lausanne which was signed on 24 July 1923.

There are the most positive outcome from the World war 1 and in the peace treaty that ended World war 1 set the stage to World war 2. World war 1 was a significant turning point in the political cultural economic and social climate of the world the war and its immediate aftermath sparked numerous revolutions and uprisings. The world war resulted in allied victory which was Central power victory on the eastern front nullified buy defeat on the Western front and Italian front. Secondly fall of our continental empires in Europe including Germany Russia Ottoman Empire and Austria Hungary. Tali Russian revolution and Russian civil war with the collapse of the Russian empire and the subsequent formation of the Soviet union widespread unrest and revolutions throughout Europe and Asia. Finally creation of the league of nations. Now looking into the changes that took place in the territory after World war 1 was formation of new countries in Europe and the middle East transfer of German colonies and territories partitioning the former Ottoman Empire Australia Hungary and the Russian Empire. Transfer of territory to other countries. The lives for the losses of the soldiers around 552500 military dead hand around 12832000 Ande Ande casualties and losses of 43 86000 military and around 80 388000 military wandered around approximately 18357000 and 12794000 Ross their life and the civilian around 400000 and 3700000 civil lines lost their life and network of inter locking alliances in largest the crisis from a bilateral issue in the balkans to one involving most of Europe.

Ful Russians mobilization was announced on the evening of 30 fully Austria Hungaryand Germany did the same while Germany demanded Russia demobilized within 12 hours when Russia fail to compel Germany declared war on Russia in support of Austria Hungary and lettered shift on 6 August 1914. Ultimately as a result of this was the Austro- Hungarian German Ottoman and Russian Empire ceased to exist and numerous new states were created from there remains. However despite the the conclusive allied victory and the creation of the league of nations during the peace conference intended to prevent future.

A second world war was followed just over 12 years later it ended with the defeat of the central powers the war was virtually unprecedented. in the slaughter, Carnage and destruction it caused. The main conflict during the world war took place with the Germany Austria Hungary Ottoman Empire and the Bulgarian. Work called Central powers fought against great Britain France Russia Italy Japan United States and the Romanian. The allied powers by the time the war was over the allied powers claimed victory more than 16 million people soldiers and civilians alive were did. The blood shed on the battlefield of the Western front and the difficulties the soldiers had for years after the fighting ended failure to deliver mandated reparationsLeads to the armed occupation. Imperial dynasty in Australia and Aryan Germany the Ottoman Empire and Russia collapsed.

HUMAN BODY.

The human body is a structure of a human being .our body consists of a number of biological system that carry out specific function necessary for everyday living. Human body comprises of neck head trunk arms legs hands and feet. The study of the human body in words anatomy physiology histology and embryology. Many systems and mechanisms interacts in order to maintain homeostasis with safe levels of substances such as sugar and oxygen in blood. The body is studied by health professor physiologist anatomists I am buy artist to assist them to their work.

Elements reside in trillions of cells and non cellular components of the body the adult male body is about 60% water for a total water content of some 42 litres. The content acidity and composition of the water inside and outside cells is carefully maintained the main electrolytes in body water inside cells are sodium and chloride. Now let’s look into the brief picture of the body parts the cell is the fundamental unit of life the body is also host to about the same number of non human cells as well as multicellular organism which reside in the the gastrointestinal tract and on the skin . At the maturity there are roughly 30-37 trillion cells in the body has estimate arrived at by totalling the cell numbers of all the organs of the body and cell. Cells sit in a extracellular Matrix that consist of protein success collagen surrounded under bye extracellular fluids. Tissues the study of tissues is called histology and often occurs with a microscope the body consists of four main types of tissues connective tissue nerve tissue muscular tissue and lining cells. Endothelial cells are the cells that line internal cavity including body tissues and glands organs reside within cavities within the body. These cavities include the abdomen and pleura which contains the lungs. immune systems defends the body against pathogens that may harm the body. The system comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry e a clear fluid called lymph. Endocrine system serve as signals from one body system to another regarding and enormous array of conditions and resulting in a variety of changes in function. Immune system provides a mechanism for the body to distinguish its own cells and tissues from outside cells and substance and to neutralize or destroy the latter by using specialised proteins such as antibodies. Circulatory system paths of of blood circulation within the human body which serves as a transportation system to transfer oxygen fuel nutrients waste products from one part to a body to another. Pulmonary circuit which pumps blood to the lungs to receive Oxygen and leave carbon dioxide and systematic circuit which carries blood from the art to the rest of the body. It consists of heart blood blood vessels articles and veins. Digestive system consists of a series of connected organs that together allowed the body to break down and observe food and remove waste the molecular takes the form of protein fat vitamin and minerals. The nervous system controls both voluntary action and sends a signal to different parts of body consists of the body’s nervous and glial cells which together form the nerves, ganglia and gray matter which intern form the brain and related structures. Endocrine system serve as liquids from one body system to another regarding and enormous array of conditions and resulting in a variety of change of function the hormones internal transfer to different tissues and regulate various body functions such as metabolism growth and sexual functions. It gives the body basic structure and the ability for movement all bones are major storage site for calcium and phosphate. Reproductive system consist of the the gonads and the internal and external sex organs the male reproductive system includes the penis and tests , the female reproductive system consists of vagina. Respiratory system consists of the nose masopharynx,trachea and lungs. It brings oxygen from the air and circulate carbon dioxide and water back into the air and executes carbon dioxide. Urinary system apps to eliminate a waste product called urea from the body it room it removes toxic material from the blood in the form of urine which carries a variety of waste molecules. And finally the skin is the body’s largest organ it protects us from the outside world and is our first defence against bacteria viruses and other pathogens are screen helps regulate body temperature and eliminate waste through perspiration.

ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT.

The environment protection act was enacted in the year 1986 it was enacted with the main objective to provide the protection and improvement of environment and for matters connected with it the environmental protection act as the objective to implement the decision made at the UN conference of human environment held at Stockholm in June 1972, to co-ordinate activities of various regulatory agencies under the existing law and creation of an authority or other it is for environmental protection, to provide for creation of an authority or authorities environmental protection, to enact general law on the areas of environment protection which were left uncovered by existing law and to provide a deterrent punishment to those vintage human environment safety and health.

The following are the sections for environmental protection, number 1 section 2(a) the defines environment as water air and land and inter relationship with exists among and between water, air and land and human beings other living creature plant, micro-organisms and property. Sec 2(b) define sentimental pollution means any solid liquid or gaseous substance present in such concentration as maybe or tend to be injurious to health. Sec 2(c) define environmental protection means the presence in the environment of any environmental pollutants. Sec 2(d) define and living as relation to any substance means the manufacturers processing treatment packing storage transportation use collection destruction conversion offering for sale transfer or the like of such substance.sec 2(e) define hazardous substance means any substance for preparation which by reason of its chemical or physico -chemical properties or handling is liable to cause harm to human being or other living creatures plant microorganisms property on the environment. Sec 2(f) defines occupier in relation to any factor or premises means a person who has control over the affairs of factory for the premises and includes in relation to any substance the person is position of the substance. Sec 3 empowers central government to take measures to protect and improve environment, subject to the provisions of this act the central government shall have the power to take all such measures as to deem necessary for the purpose of protecting and improve the the quality of the environment and preventing controlling and adopting environmental protection. Sec 4 and power central government for appointment offices with their power and function for successful implementation of the act, the central government may appoint offices with such designation as to think fit for the purpose of this act and may entrust to them such of the powers and functions under this act it may deem fit. Sec 5 empowers central government to give directions, the closer provision or regulation of any industry operation or process. Sec 6 empowers central government to formulate rules or regulate environmental protection, the central government may be notification in official gazette make rules in respect of all or any of the matters referred to in section 3. Sec 7 States that the industry persons carrying industrial operations and not allowed a meeting or discharging environmental pollutants more than the established standards, no person carrying on any industry operation all process shell discharge or a meat or permit to be discharged or admitted any for environmental pollutants in excess of such as may be prescribed. Sec 8 States that persons and living as other substance need to compile with procedure safeguard. Sec 9 describes furnishing of information to authorities and agencies in certain cases where the discharge of any environmental pollutants in excess of the prescribed standards the person responsible shall be bound to prevent or mitigate the environment and intimate the fact of such a occurance and the bound to render all assistance to such authorities. Sec 10 powers of entry and inspection (a) subject to the provisions of this section person empowered by the central government in this behalf cellerite to enter at all reasonable times with such assistance as he considers necessary any place (b) every person carrying any industrial operations or process of handling any hazardous substance Shall be bound to render all assistance to the person empowered by the central government(c) if any person willfully delays or obstructs any persons empowered by the central government under sub section 1 in the performance of this function is shall be guilty of any offence under this act. Sec 11 power to take sample and procedure to be followed in connections. Sec 12 power 2 setup environmental laboratory for testing and analysing air water soil and other samples. Sec 13 as provisions for appointing government analyst for the purpose of analysis of samples of air water soil or other substance send to any established or approved environmental laboratory. Sec 14 refers to the report of government analysis as evidence of facts. sec 15 as provision of penalty for the contravention of the provisions of the act and rules orders and directions. Sec 16 describe offences by companies. And finally sec 17 describes offences by government departments.

AUDITOR.

an auditor is a trained professional who is responsible to review and verify the accounting data of any business undertaking returning to its business activities an auditor may be internal auditor are appointed by the company exclusively for their companies audit and external auditor for independent auditors having forms who are hired by the company is subject to an audit. And auditor have the rights and powers to sign the audit report have the right to make representation and to speak in the General meeting and the right to refuse to start the audit work until the books of accounts is balanced by the management and rights to access the book of accounts and vouchers and rights to obtain information and explanation rights to receive notice and other communication in General meeting right to have legal technical or expert advice rights to receive renumeration and finally the right to comment on the inadequacy of the accounting system in his report.

An auditor can be appointed bye the first auditor is appointed by the board of directors within our week of the registration of the company the appointed auditor hold office till the conclusion of the first annual General meeting of the company and the subsequent auditor is appointed every year at every Android General meeting by the shareholder and the auditor is appointed maybe the old or previous or any auditor thirdly appointment of auditor by the central government if any subsequent auditor is not appointed by the shareholders at the annual General meeting the company must bring it to the notice of the central government within 7 days the company feels to give such a notice the company and every officers of the company in default will be punishable with fine appointment in case of casual vacancy casual vacancy caused by the resignation of auditor can be filled up by the board of directors it can be filled up only by the shareholders are there under General meeting and finally appointment of special resolution the appointment or reappointment of an auditor shall be made by a special resolution in case of a company in which not less than 25% of the subscribed capital is held. The duties and responsibility of a company’s auditor follows statutory duties which includes duty to make certain enquiries due to imposed by the companies act duty to sign is audit report duty to assist investigation secondary contractual duty thirdly certain duties imposed by legal and court decision finally duties arising out of personal ethics.

In case of removal of auditor the first auditor appointment by the direction prior to the first annual General meeting public company may be removed by the members in annual General meeting in Aadhar case lorita may be removed from office before the enquiry office term by the company in Annual General meeting after obtaining the approval of Central Government. The application to government should be filled within 30 days from the date of resolution of the board of directors along with fees. In case of resignation of auditor auditor shall send to the company with his or her resignation letter along with form ADT-3. The company will therefore call a board meeting to accept the resignation of auditor and then the company shall then fill the casual vacancy as arise by the resignation of the auditor and will approve the notice of the early General meeting of the company.

MASS MEDIA.

mass media refers two media technologies used to to disseminate information to a wide audience it is a diverse array of meda technology that reach a large audience viva mass communication. Broadcast media transmit information electronically viva media. Media compressor search services many Allah mass media outlets have additional presence on the web ration that controls this technology such as movie students publishing companies and radio and television stations each mass medium as its own content types creative artist text technicians and business models. Companies run and endless marathon tourist success with the help of mass media entrepreneur consider various platform to convey the company’s image and create a good reputation mass m is actually the primary mean of communicate with each other as well as on a grander level.

Media outlets also serve a gatekeeping function which means they affect or control the information that is transmitted to the audience is the mass media saves the getting function in the form of relying which requires some third parties to get a message from one human to next we also require more than a sensoryability to receive mass media messages which usually requires technology and equipment that the media outlet controls and has access to but we do not. Where primary receivers when it comes to mass communication which makes as dependent on it gatekeeper to rely the messages the second gatekeeping function of limiting media which allow users to add more control over the media message and we receive. In fact many people shoes to engage with medium message that I have been limited to match their own personal views of performance this kind of limiting also allow us to have more control over the media messages will receive a need for this gatekeeping function the media can fulfill or fail to fulfill its role as the fourth estate of government. The information function of the news have been criticized and called infotainment and rather than bringing people together the media has been listed a causing popularization and decline incivility as a great impact on the masses when it comes to branding companies search for the most effective ways among them sides social media channels blocks when they find the right type of mass media channel for this business they can communicate their prospective and conduct branding campaign .

Band can educate users to get the most of the products mass media constitutes both technical and institutional method for communication it reaches large audience or masses mass media has the power to influence society audience for the masses are offered with the wide variety of choices in intensive use of mass media has resulted in the world to appear smaller and closes. It also promotes distribution of the goods and services the fundamental objective of mass media or to inform educate and entertain entertain the masses media is the watch dog of society mass media works to transmit Heritage and cultural values. The race of new mass media create a global platform to bring people together the advantages of mass media are bringing voice to the voiceless in shining the spotlight on the masses as the general public can express their views and opinions freely effective and wider communication has become useful for people business Government and the whole world to stay connected with each other diffusion of diverse culture also place a co lossal part in spreading AC arts and cultures encyclopaedia and information the internet is truly a massive open source of information and different types of mass media form search engine platforms to social media platform. Apart from this there are certain disadvantage of mass media such as spread fake fake news health issues compromised privacy. Apart from this there are certain disadvantage of mass media such as spread fake fake news health issues compromised privacy glamorizing censored content and topics possibility of fraud and hacking.

Various mass media include print media refers to news paper which were the main resources of information outdoor Media brand usage usually location and items to promote their products like bus stops public transport broadcasting media such as audio video content is distributed dispersed audience digital media active internet users worldwide which means that the world is dependent on digital media.

RENAISSANCE.

The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic and economic. Renaissance means rebirth. Following the middle age and conventionally need to add been characterized by a storage of interest in classical scholarship and values and covering the fifth and sixth centuries. It occur after the crisis of the late middle age and was associated with great social changes. The traditional view focuses more on the early modern expects of The Renaissance and argus that it was a break from the past but many students today to use more on it. Mediaeval aspects and argue that it was an extension of the middle ages. The Renaissance also witness that discovery and exploration of new continents the substitutions by the copernilan for the Ptolemaic system of astronomy the decline of the federal system and growth of commerce and the invention of applications of such potentially e powerful innovations as paper painting the marine compass and gunpowder.

The intellectual basis of The Renaissance was its version of humanism as a cultural movement The Renaissance in composite innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literature which contemporaries credited to Petrarch the development of linear prospective and other techniques of rendering a more natural reality in painting and gradually but white spread educational reforms. Although the Renaissance saw revolutions in many intellectual and social scientific pursuits as well as the introduction of modern banking and the field of accounting it is perhaps best known for its artistic development and the contributions of such polymath. The Renaissance as a long and complex histrography and in line with general scepticism of discrete periodisation, daraz been much debate among students reacting to the 19th century glorification of The Renaissance. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that profoundly affected European intellectual life in the early modern period. The Renaissance was a scholars employed the humanist method in study and searched for realism and human emotion in art.

In addition to studying classical Latin and Greek Renaissance authors also begin increasing need to use vernacular language combined with the introduction of the painting press that would allow many e people access to books especially the Bible. In all The Renaissance could be viewed as an attempt by intellectual to study and improve the secular and wordly both through the revival of ideas. During the Renaissance money and art went hand in hand. Artist depended entirely on patrons while patrons needed money to artistic talent. Scholars and thinkers of the day it was primarily a time of the revival of classical learning and wisdom after a long period Of cultural decline. The Renaissance took place in Europe France Holland and Italy. And the people who were in the Renaissance where Donato Bramant, Erasmus, Giotto, El Greco, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo ,Claudia Monteverdi, Raphael, Tintoretto and Titian.Renaissances thinkers considered the middle ages to have been a period Of cultural decline they sought to revitalize their cultural two emphasising classical text and philosophies some major development of The Renaissance include astronomy humanist philosophy the painting press vernacular language in writing painting and sculpture techniques .

World exploration and in the last Renaissance Shakespeare’s works The Renaissance o 12th century that there were main periods that saw Renaissance in the art and philosophy of antiquity firstly the Carolingian Renaissance which occur during the region of Charlemagne the first emperor of the holy Roman empire and secondly Ottonian Renaissance which developed during the league of emperors Otto 1 otto 2 and Otto 3 and finally the 12th century Renaissance which was especially influential on the later Renaissance.

JOURNALISM

The journalism is the largest growing professionals in the world with the growing numbers in the communication channels the number of audience have also increased at a large rate. It is the activity of gathering assessing creating and presenting news and information journalism can be distinguished from other activities and products by certain identifiable characteristics and practices. It is also the product of their activities the elements not only seperate . JOURNALISM from other forms of communication history reveals that the more democratic society the more news and information it tends to have . Journalism is the production And distribution of reports on current events based on facts and supported with proof and evidence concepts of the appropriate role for journalism varied between countries.

The word journalism applies to the occupation as well as collaborative media gather and publish information based on facts and supported with proof and evidence in others the news media independent of the government but instead acted as private industry in some Nations the news media all controlled by government intervention and are not fully independent. Journalistic media include print television radio internet and in the past news reels. New organisations at challenge fully monetize the digital wing as well as improvise on the context in which they published in print. The proliferation off the internet smartphones has created a shift in the conception of print media channels as people increasing consume news through E- reader smart phones and other personal electronic devices. Newspapers have seen print revenues sink at a faster pale then the rate of growth for Digital revenue. Journalistic convention very by country. Bloggers are often regarded as journalist who also receive promotional gifts this intended to eliminate conflict of interest and protect consumers.

Many credible news organisations are their employees often belong to and abide by the ethics of professional organisation and crafting new stories regardless of the medium fairness and are issues of concern to journalist. In a traditional print newspaper and its online iteration informations is organised based on facts and an opinion breakdown. Healthy journalism in an democratic country must provide all opinions of people in power opinion pieces are generally written by regular columnist for appear in a section titled. While features stories breaking news and hard news stories typically make efforts to remove opinion from the copy. The ability to render a subjects complex and fluid narrative with sufficient accuracy is sometimes challenged by the time available to spend which subject there are several forms of journalism which diverse audience namely, Access journalism advocacy journalism who are voluntarily cease speaking about issues writing to advocate particular viewpoints practice journalism writing return or spoken journalism for radio business journalism tricky reports interpreter business data journalism main use data to support their reporting drone journalism with this drone to capture footage and interactive journalism investigative journalism political journalism sensor journalism global journalism.

Journalism does not a universal code of conduct individuals are not really obliged to follow certain set of rules. The third claims is the claim of humanity which states that journalists are writing for a global and therefore must serve factor. In 28 century the increasing organisation of working journalism specialised education for journalism the growing literature dealing with journalism history problem increasing sense of social responsibility.

SMARTPHONE ADDICTION.

smartphone addiction is generally known as nomophobia and is often caused by an internet addiction disorder after all it realise the Phone or tablet itself that creates the comparision why you spend more time on social media for playing games then you do interacting with real people are you cannot stop yourself from repeatedly checking text email or applications.Cell phones have become search powerful and versatile toll that for many people they fear me indispensable literally. For many people social interaction stimulates the the release of dopamine. Because so many people use their phones as tool of social interactions they become accustomed to constantly checking them all social media for that of dopamine that’s released when they connect with others or some other applications. Some applications even with old and release social reinforcements such as likes and comments so we received them in an unpredictable pattern that cycle can lead to a tipping point when your phone seizes to be something you were virtually compressed to use.

Conscious use of phones in dangerous situations or in prohibited context like while driving or excussive phone use controntations as well as loss of interestIn Aadarsh and activities containing the behaviour. The negative effect aap smartphone addiction sar it causes excussive use urgency noticeable physical mental work social for family disturbance chronic impulsiveness to check your device frequent and constant checking of phone is very brief period of time crossing insomnia and sleep disturbance. Increase in use to achieve satisfaction or relaxation or to counteract a dysphoric mood excessive use urgency need to be connected need to respond immediately to messages anxiety irritability if cellphones is not accessible extravests reported using the phone more as a mean of stimulation extravests and disagreeable. Spend more time configuring their phones some of the negative impact on your life due to smartphone addiction can be ee your life can I have addiction of smartphone increasing loneliness and depression while it may seem that losing yourself online while temporally make feeling such as depression and boredom evaporate into thin air it can actually make you feel even worse feeling and city is one of the most negative impact created by the smartphone in which the presence of the phone in a workplace tend to make more and society e and perform poorly on given task increasing in stress using smartphone for work off and mains work blends into your home and personal life you feel the presence to always be on never out of touch from work exacerbating attention defect disorder the constant stream of messages and information from a smartphone can over whelm the brain and make it impossible to focus attention dimension your ability to concentrate and think deeply are creatively instead fo ever being alone Vidyarthi thoughts where now always online and connectivity disturbance your sleep it can impact your memory affect your ability to think clearly and reduce your cognitive and learning skill encouraging self absorption snapping endless selfies posting all your thoughts and details about your life can create an unhealthy self-centeredness disturbing you from real life relationships and making it are to cope with stress addiction like compulsive gambling which may include loss of control over the behaviour presistence arriving real difficulty limiting the behaviour tolerance the need to engage in the behaviour more often to get the same feeling.

Some of the negative impact of smartphone addiction consequences teaming from the behaviour withdrawal or feeling of irritability and anxiety depression being highly extroverted relationship stress eye strain neck pain social anxiety escapist behaviour. Dependence on digital violence the neurotic disagreeable unconscionable and extroverted personality e-type up spend more time texting and engaging in mobile .