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Various initiates by the world community in safeguarding natural resources

Montreal
Protocol 

It was finalized in the year 1987
and adopted on 15 September 1987. It is a multilateral environmental agreement
and this protocol is the only UN treaty ever up to date which was
initially approved by only 46 countries but now it is ratified by all 197 UN
member countries/states. This protocol regulates the production and consumption
of man-made chemicals which can deplete the ozone layer. 

 

Kyoto
Protocol

Second commitment of Kyoto
Protocol (2013-2020), bridges the gap between the end of the first
commitment and the start of the second commitment with further emission cuts.
The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement within the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which commits its Annex
B-Parties (the countries which have adopted the targets to reduce the
greenhouse emissions) with legally binding emission reduction commitments.

Paris
Agreement

It is an agreement within
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) which focuses
on reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. It is replaced by its predecessor,
the Kyoto protocol which is also the international treaty for similar purposes
and its second commitment expires this year i.e. 2020. The Paris Agreement came
into force on 4th November 2016 and has been signed by 197 countries and as of
November 2019- 187 countries have confirmed. India has also given its consent
to this agreement. In the whole world, India stands at third after China and
the US when it comes to the emission of the greenhouse effect according to May
2019.

Vienna
Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer 1985

Initially, this convention was agreed in 1985 and it came into force on
22 September 1988. It is a multilateral agreement. Montreal protocol comes
under this convention. This convention was formed with a purpose to globally
monitor and report on the ozone depletion. Under this convention, it made
structures for the improvement of protocols and also for taking a more binding
action.

 

Convention
on Biological Diversity, 1992 (CBD)

This convention provides a legally binding framework which
came into force in 1993 with a purpose to conserve the biodiversity and use
biodiversity feasibly. The main objective of this convention is to encourage
those actions which will lead to a sustainable or viable future. The governing
body of this convention is the Conference of the Parties (COP).

Convention
on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

This convention is an international agreement between the
countries and entered into force in 1975 which aims to protect wildlife from
over-exploitation due to international trade. Basically under this agreement,
the government regulates the traded wildlife and its products that it does not
threaten the survival of the species in the wild, for example, leather goods,
animals, food etc.

Convention
on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP)

This convention came into force on 16th March 1983. This
convention aims that the contracting parties should make efforts to protect the
environment against the adverse effects of the pollution, to ensure that the
parties take several and necessary steps to fight against the release of the
air pollutants and also to create committees for the further progress and
imposition of the convention.

Convention
on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS)

This convention is
an international treaty under the aegis of the United Nations Environment
Programme. It came into force on 1st November 1983. Since 1983 India is a party
to this convention. The primary focus of this convention is to provide for the
conservation and sustainable use of migratory animals and their
habitats. This convention tries to complement and co-operate the
provisions with a number of international organisations, NGOs, corporate sector
etc.

Convention
on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS)

This convention came
into force on 1st January 2005 and as of February 2018, only 39 Council of
Europe member states have ratified the Convention. 

The motive of this convention is to
protect and manage the landscapes and to organise the international
co-operation on landscape issues. The parties of this convention in order to
implement the provision should undertake the activities which are set to raise
public awareness, defining the quality of landscapes etc.

Ramsar
Convention on Wetlands

This convention is an intergovernmental treaty adopted on 2nd
February 1971 and it entered into force on 21 December 1975. It provides a
framework for international and national cooperation so that they can achieve
sustainable development throughout the world by taking efforts towards the
conservation and judicious/wise use of the wetlands. As of January 2016, 170
nations have joined the Convention as Contracting Parties. 

The Ramsar convention under its
fourth strategic plan set off a period from 2016-2024 with almost the same
objectives mentioned earlier.

Stockholm
Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

This convention is a legally binding international treaty
which was adopted on 22nd May 2001 in Sweden and it came into force on 17th May
2004. Its objective is to protect human health and the environment from the
dangerous outcomes from the organic pollutants (Pesticides, Industrial
chemical, Aldrin etc.). POPs are the chemicals that remain intact in the
environment for long periods and it gets widely distributed in the overall area
which collects or gathers the fatty tissue of the living organisms which are
toxic to the humans and wildlife. These POPs circulates globally which in
result can cause damage wherever they travel. 

United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

It is an international environmental
treaty which was adopted on 9th May 1992, and it was opened for signature at
the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. It is also known
as Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit or Rio summit. It came into force on 21st
March  1994. Almost every country on earth has ratified this convention.

It is an agreement made on climate
change and mainly focuses on the prevention of dangerous actions or
interference by humans on climate change or on the environment. The parties
also agreed towards the stabilization of the greenhouse gas emissions. Every party/country
by signing to this convention have dedicated themselves to do the regular
reporting regarding the level of greenhouse emissions and also their initiation
to reduce the interference. 

World
Heritage Convention

This convention was adopted by the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) in 1972 and as of 31st January
2016- 193 state parties (including India) have ratified to this convention. The
primary objective of this convention is to protect the world’s natural and
cultural heritage. It also manifests an idea that few places are so important
that their protection is not only the responsibility of a single nation, but is
also the duty of the international community as a whole, and not only for this
generation but for all those to come. 

 

Indian princess who married a Korean King – Heo hwang ok

Source: BBC News

 Ayodhya is best known for being the birthplace of the Hindu god Ram. However, the city has special significance for some South Koreans, as many believe they can trace their ancestors back to it. This belief is based on several historical Korean stories about an Indian princess named, Suriratna who married a South Korean king and established a dynasty.

According to legend, Princess Suriratna, also known as Heo Hwang-ok, travelled to Korea in 48 AD, approximately 2000 years ago, and founded the Karak dynasty by marrying a local king. According to some Chinese-language texts, the then-King of Ayodhya had a dream in which God told him to send his 16-year-old daughter to South Korea to marry King Kim Suro.

According to Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms), a popular South Korean book of fables and historical stories, Queen Hwang-ok was the princess of the “Ayuta” kingdom. The royal couple was a success. They had 12 sons and lived to be more than 150 years old. While children in Korea usually take their father’s surname, the queen was disappointed that her children would not be able to use her surname. As a result, King Suro granted her name (Heo) to two of their sons, which is still used today.” Historians estimate that the couple’s descendants number more than six million, accounting for nearly 10% of the South Korean population.

People from the Karak dynasty have also preserved the rocks that are said to have been used by the princess during her sea voyage to Korea to keep her boat stable.

An anthropologist named Kim Byung-mo Ayuta appeared to confirm the widely held belief that Ayuta was actually Ayodhya, as the two names are phonetically similar.

How this connection has impacted the modern ties?

In the year 2000, an agreement was signed to develop Ayodhya and Gimhae as sister cities. 

Then in 2001, more than 100 historians and government representatives, including the North Korea ambassador to India, unveiled Queen Hwang-ok’s memorial on the west bank of the River Saryu in Ayodhya.

In 2016, a Korean team presented the Uttar Pradesh Government with a proposal to expand the memorial. On the eve of Diwali, South Korean first lady Kim Jung-sook lay the foundation stone for the enlargement and beautification of the current memorial on November 6, 2018. She paid her respects at the Queen Heo Memorial, attended a ground-breaking ceremony for the memorial’s upgrade and beautification, and joined the current Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Yogi Adityanath, at an elaborate Diwali celebration in Ayodhya that included cultural shows and the lighting of 300,000+ lights on the banks of the Saryu River.

As per reports, every year, hundreds of South Koreans visit Ayodhya for paying homage to their legendary queen Heo Hwang-ok.

Prof Kim Do-young, a Korean studies expert based in Delhi, claims that this shared history began to be recognised in India “after the diplomatic and economic relationship” between the two countries developed.

“Whether it is history or legend – based on it – mental or spiritual gap [between the people] is reduced and a common cultural ground is made,” he adds, pointing out that it’s interesting that there maybe a “ancient bond” between the two nations.

The story of Queen Hwang-ok has been and can continue to be the “foundation for building better relations” between South Korea and India.


FACT Devices; Statcom & its working

FACT is an abbreviation for Flexible
AC transmission system. It is a system composed of static equipment used for
the alternating current (AC) transmission of electrical energy and is
a power electronics based system.

Series compensation – In this we connect
the fact devices in series with power system. Here, the line impedance is
modified, that means net impedance is decreased and increasing the
transmittable active power.

Shunt compensation – It is used to
improve the power factor. In this we connect the fact devices in parallel with
power system. It also works as a controllable for the current source. Eg-
Statcom (Static synchronous Compensator) and SVC (Static VAR compensator). They
are further classified into two types –

  1. Shunt capacitive compensation: This method is used to
    improve the power factor. Whenever an inductive load is connected to
    the transmission line, power factor lags because of lagging load current.
    To compensate, a shunt capacitor is connected, which draws the current
    leading to the source voltage. The net result is an improvement in
    power factor.
  2. Shunt inductive compensation: This method is used
    either when charging the transmission line, or when there is a very
    low load at the receiving end. Because of very low, or no load–very low current
    flows through the transmission line. Shunt capacitance in the transmission
    line causes voltage amplification (Ferranti effect). The receiving end
    voltage may become double the sending end voltage (generally in case of
    very long transmission lines). To compensate, shunt inductors are
    connected across the transmission line. 

A few advantages of FACT devices
are:
• Helps in improving power transfer capability
• Used for transient and dynamic stability improvement.
• Used for damping of power system oscillations.
• For better voltage regulation.
• For flexible operation and control of the system.

What
is a Statcom?

The STATCOM (or SSC) is a
shunt-connected reactive-power compensation device that can generate and/ or
absorbing reactive power and in which we can vary the output to control the
specific parameters of an electric power system. It is a solid-state switching
converter capable of generating or absorbing independently controllable real
and reactive power at its output terminals when it is fed from an energy source
or energy-storage device at its input terminals. Voltage-source converter that,
from an input of the voltage, produces a set of 3-phase AC-output voltages,
each in phase with and coupled to the corresponding AC system voltage through a
relatively small reactance.

How
does a statcom work?

Now suppose we have a load connected
to the grid; the load takes the power as P + jQ, where P is active power and Q
is reactive power. Now we have to make the Q= 0. So that the power factor is
always unity (PF = 1). For that, we connect statcom at the load, so that the
reactive power is supplied by the statcom and active power is given by the
Grid. This is how a statcom works for reactive power compensation.

The different softwares in which we
can simulate and analyze FACT devices are:
• MATLAB
• PSCAD
• ETAP

Noise Pollution- Causes, & Preventive Measures

 Noise is usually defined as unwanted sound or a sound without value that causes discomfort to the listener. Noise is usually measured in units of decibels and is denoted by dB.

1. On human beings:-

• Mental health

Exposure to intense levels of noise can cause personality changes and violent reactions. Noise has also been shown to be a factor that attributed to violent reactions. 
Psychological health effects from noise include depression and anxiety stress. Individuals who have hearing loss, including noise induced hearing loss, may have their symptoms eased with the use of hearing aids. Individuals who do not seek treatment for their loss are 50% more likely to have depression than their aided peers. These psychological effects can lead to detriments in physical care as reduced self-care, work-tolerance, and increased isolation.

• Physical health

Exposure to loud sound or longer exposure causes threshold shift. Noise-induced threshold shifts are seen as a notch on an audiogram from 3000 to 6000 Hz, but most often at 4000 Hz.
Exposure to loud noises, either in a single traumatic experience or over time, can damage the auditory system and result in hearing loss and sometimes tinntius as well. Noise induced hearing loss is sometimes unilateral and typically causes patients to lose hearing around the frequency of the triggering sound trauma.

2. On animals:-

•Marine animals

Two main reasons that make an environmental impact of noise in marine life a grave are – 1. Noise travels much more in water, covering greater distances than it would do on land while travelling though air, and secondly because the marine life is extremely sensitive to noise pollution and an absence of any mechanism to safeguard them against it, underwater noise pollution disrupts marine life in more serious ways.

The deaths can occur because of haemorrhages, changed diving pattern, migration to newer places, and damage to internal organs and an overall panic response to the foreign sounds. There is also a disruption in normal communication between marine animals because of underwater noise pollution. This means animals prone to noise pollution cannot call their mates, look for food or even make a cry for help under such circumstances.

•Birds

Anthropogenic noise, emitted from the oil and gas compressors, is becoming a global issue. The idea of the study was to measure the stress levels of the birds compared to the distance they were nesting with the oil and gas compressors.

So much so that they were showing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder-like (PTSD) symptoms. In the birds, their corticosterone levels were relatively low. And that isn’t exactly what you would expect to see in a high-stress situation. This is likely to be what was happening with the birds. It triggered health defects such as stunted growth, issues with their reproduction, and fewer feathers on the birds. Their ability to hear predators also seemed to be jeopardised because of the noisy surroundings.

Preventive measures to reduce noise pollution

  • Factories should be established away from the settlements.
  • Settlements should be located 20 kms away from the mining areas and coal areas.
  • Explosives should be not used in mountainous, forest and mining areas.
  • Use of horn in public places should be banned.
  • The sound of musical instruments should be controlled to desirable limits.
  • The use of sound amplifiers of high power should be banned in religious events.
  • The use of sound absorber tiles should be encouraged in the construction of multi-storeyed buildings.
  • In industrial, commercial and hospital buildings, adequate soundproof systems should be installed.
  • Intensive plantation should be made in the entire building complex.
  • Planting green trees along the roadside reduces the intensity of noise pollution.
  • Protective tools should be provided for workers.
  • Legal provisions should set limits on noise and control over noise pollution.

Structure of the Earth

 The earth’s interior is divided into three layers: crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the earth’s outermost layer, and the core is the earth’s innermost layer, located at a depth of 2900 kilometers. This article provides a brief overview of the earth’s three interior layers.

Core

The core is the source of the Earth’s internal heat. This is due to the presence of radioactive materials, which emit heat as they degrade into more stable materials. The core is located at the center of the Earth. It has two layers –
  • Inner core
  • Outer core

Inner Core – The inner core can reach temperatures of up to 4000°C, while the outer core can reach temperatures of up to 3600°C. The Lehmann Discontinuity is a liquid-solid boundary that exists between these two layers. This is the most intense part of the core. It’s as hot as the Sun’s surface!

The inner core is approximately 1216 km thick. It’s made of solid iron and nickel. These heavy metals would have sunk to the centre of the young Earth. The liquid outer core rotates around the solid inner core.

Outer Core – The outer core is approximately 2270 km thick. It’s made of liquid iron and nickel. Because it is under less pressure than the inner core, it is liquid. This layer is also electrically conductive. This produces the electrical currents that make up the Earth’s magnetic field.

Mantle

The mantle is located above the core. The mantle is composed of two layers of hot, dense, semi-solid rock. The mantle, like the core, has two layers – 

  • Lower Mantles
  • Upper Mantles

These are approximately 2885 km thick. This layer is so massive that it accounts for approximately 84% of the total volume of the Earth! The mantle’s temperature is lower than the core’s. It only gets to about 3000°C. The material becomes less dense as you move from the lower to upper mantle.

A transition zone exists between the lower and upper mantles. It is located 400-660 kilometers beneath the Earth’s surface.

The upper mantle is located above the transition zone. This zone extends from 400 km below the Earth’s surface to the crust layer. The asthenosphere is the uppermost part of the upper mantle. The asthenosphere is composed of fluid, soft rock.

Crust 

The crust is our planet’s solid, rigid outer layer. The crust is not a continuous layer of rocks, but consists of large masses called plates, which are free to drift slowly on top of the asthenosphere. It ranges in thickness from 5 to 80 km. The lithosphere is made up of the upper asthenosphere and the crust. 
The ocean floor contains the thinnest parts of the crust. It contributes to the formation of the oceanic crust. This section of the crust may be as thin as 5 km.
The continents contain the thickest parts of the Earth’s crust. It contributes to the formation of the continental crust. This layer of the crust can be up to 80 kilometers thick.
The crust closest to the mantle has a temperature of about 500°C. The temperature of the crust near the Earth’s surface is roughly the same as the temperature of the air.

Vedic Literature

Vedic literature consists of four classes of literary creations, viz. Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Upanishads. The Vedas are hymns, prayers, charms, litanies, and sacrificial formulae. The term veda means “knowledge,” and it is believed that they contain fundamental knowledge relating to the underlying cause of, function of, and personal response to existence.

Rigveda 

The literal meaning of the word rig is ‘to praise’. It is a collection of hymns in praise of gods. It was compiled around 1500-1000 BC. 

It has been divided into ten volumes called Mandals, each of which contains 1,028 hymns and 10,600 verses. The oldest books are Mandal II through VII. They are also known as family books because they are attributed to rishi families. Mandal VIII and IX are from the middle ages. Mandals I and X are the most recently completed. Mandal III contains the Gayatri Mantra, which was written in honour of the sun god Savitri. Mandal IX is solely dedicated to Soma, the Lord of Plants. Mandal X contains a hymn called Purusha Sukta, which discusses the origins of the varna system. Hotra or hotri were rishis who were experts in Rigveda. The Rigveda shares many similarities with Avesta, the oldest text in Iranian language.

Samaveda

In fact, Samaveda is the shortest of all the four Vedas. It is a collection of songs mostly taken from the hymns of Rigveda and set to tune It is a book of chants. Sama Veda is the Veda of melodies and chants. It is believed that the Samaveda was compiled during 1200 or 1000 BCE. It holds a divine status in the Hindu tradition.
In fact, Lord Krishna describes the Samaveda as the most important of all the Vedas in the Bhagavad Gita. Sama Veda has been compiled solely for ritual use. It contains 1549 verses. Its verses were chanted during ceremonies like the Soma sacrifice. It honours deities like Indra, Agni, and Soma. Furthermore, its prayers are devoted to summoning the Supreme Being. Only three recensions of the Samaveda have survived to this day. Worship and devotion are central themes in this work. It believes that devotion and musical chanting are the only ways to reach the Glorious Lord and Brahman. The experts in Samaveda knowledge were known as udgatri. The Samaveda compilation is regarded as the birthplace of Indian music.

Yajurveda

The Yajur Veda (“Worship Knowledge” or “Ritual Knowledge”) consists of recitations, ritual worship formulas, mantras, and chants used in worship services. It is a collection of sacrificial formulae. Like Sama Veda, its contents are derived from the Rig Veda, however it focuses 1,875 verses is on religious observance liturgy. The experts in the knowledge of Yajurveda were called adhvaryu. It is found in both prose and poetry. It consists of two parts, viz. Krishna Yajurveda ( dark) and Shukla Yajurveda(light). Theses are not distinct parts but rather characteristics of the whole. The “dark Yajur Veda” refers to parts that are unclear and poorly organized, whereas the “light Yajur Veda” refers to verses that are clearer and better organized. It describes the rituals to be followed at the time of recitation of mantra. 

Atharvaveda

The Atharva Veda (“knowledge of Atharvan”) is distinguished from the first three by its emphasis on magical spells to ward off evil spirits or danger, chants, hymns, prayers, initiation rituals, marriage and funeral ceremonies, and observations on daily life. The name is thought to be derived from the priest Atharvan, who was reputed to be a healer and religious innovator. It is thought that the work was written around the same time as the Sama Veda and Yajur Veda by an individual (possibly Atharvan, but this is unlikely) or individuals (c. 1200-1000 BCE). It is divided into 20 books and contains 730 hymns, some of which are based on the Rig Veda. It consists of charms and spells. It contains magical hymns for disease relief. Ayurveda, an Indian medicinal science, derives from Atharvaveda.

International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR) 2023

 by Shashikant Nishant Sharma 

 International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR) 2023 aims to provide an opportunity to academics and practitioners around the world to discuss and share the contemporary issues of business and social science research. The proposed conference provides an outlet for high quality research in all areas of accounting, CSR, finance, economics, econometrics, education, information technology, Islamic finance and Sharia, law, management, marketing, social business and multidisciplinary. Aim of our peer-reviewed conference is to bring together the world’s leading scholars and opinion leaders and to increase our understanding of emerging scientific issues and research methodologies relating to business management, economic and social sciences. Please, engage freely in discussions, share your ideas and build relationships among the group of international researchers.

International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR) 2023 will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Different areas of Studies and Education. ICMR is a platform for researchers, scientists, scholars, students and industry professionals from around the world to present their current research, and foster alliances with peers. The goal of this Conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern engineering and applied sciences concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of Studies and Education. The Conference will also have a space for companies or institutions to present their innovations and research results.

Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation and Collaboration

Social and Human Sciences
Arts and Humanities
Natural and Physical Sciences
Computer and Information sciences
Engineering and Technology
Medical and Health Sciences
Agricultural and Environmental Sciences

Social and Human Sciences
Psychology – Cognitive science, Applied psychology, Social psychology
Economics, Business and Financing – Economics, Econometrics, Business, International trade, Banking, Financing
Management and Marketing – Micro and Macroeconomics, HRM
Educational sciences – School education, ICT in education and learning, Formal and Non-formal education
Sociology, Demography, Anthropology, ethnology, Social issues, Family studies, Social work
Law – Human rights, History of law, Legal studies, constitutions, comparative law
Political science – Organisation theory, Public administration
Other social and human sciences

Arts and Humanities
History and Archaeology – Cultural heritage, cultural memory, Historical geography
Languages and Literature – Literary theory, Linguistics
Philosophy, Ethics and Religion – Theology, Philosophy, history of philosophy
Arts and Performance Studies
Other arts and humanities – Human rights, History of law, Legal studies, constitutions, comparative law

Natural and Physical Sciences
Mathematics – Pure mathematics, Applied mathematics, Statistics and probability
Physical sciences – Atomic, molecular and chemical physics, Nuclear physics, Optics, Acoustics, Astronomy
Chemical sciences – Applied and industrial chemistry, Organic and Inorganic chemistry
Earth and related Environmental sciences – Mineralogy, Palaeontology, Geology, Environmental sciences, Climatic research
Biological sciences – Cell biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry and molecular biology, Genetics
Other natural and physical sciences

Computer and Information sciences
Computer architecture – Hardware platforms, Parallelled computing, Cloud computing, HPC
Networking – Network design, Signal processing and transmission, Sensor networks, Ad-hoc networks
Software – Software design and development, Operating systems, Open source, Design patterns
Web development – Information systems, E-commerce, E-business
Intelligent systems – Artificial intelligence, Computer vision, Human Computer interaction, Image processing, Pattern recognition and classification
Databases – Data processing and management, Data storage
Other Computer and Information Sciences

Engineering and Technology
Civil engineering – Architecture, Construction, Transport engineering
Electrical and Electronic engineering – Robotics and automatic control, Automation and control systems, Computer hardware and architecture
Mechanical engineering – Applied mechanics, Thermodynamics
Chemical engineering
Materials engineering – Ceramics, Coating and films, Paper and wood
Medical engineering – Architecture, Construction, Transport engineering
Other engineering – Space, Aeronautics, Nano-technology

Medical and Health Sciences
Basic medicine – Toxicology, Anatomy and morphology, Immunology, Pharmacology and pharmacy
Clinical medicine – Paediatrics, Hematology, Surgery
Health sciences – Epidemiology, Nursing, Public and environmental health
Other medical and health sciences

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries
Animal and Dairy science
Ecology and Environment
Veterinary science
Other agricultural and environmental sciences

How to submit papers

Send your paper using the form given here


Sahil Baid

Articles written by Sahil Baid during Aug. 2022 to Feb 2023


1.     https://eduindex.org/2022/07/30/launching-of-first-international-bullion-exchange-in-india/

2.     https://eduindex.org/2022/07/31/zero-probability-of-recession-in-india/

3.     https://eduindex.org/2022/08/01/the-evolution-in-the-life-insurance-industry-post-pandemic/

4.     https://eduindex.org/2022/08/02/vande-bharat-indias-indigenous-bullet-train/

5.     https://eduindex.org/2022/08/03/academic-degrees-in-india/

6.     https://eduindex.org/2022/08/04/business-software-and-types/

7.     https://eduindex.org/2022/08/05/real-estate-crises-in-china/

8.     https://eduindex.org/2022/08/06/prevailing-semiconductor-crises/

9.     https://eduindex.org/2022/08/07/jaipur-the-pink-city-of-india/

10.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/08/key-skills-one-should-learn/

11.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/09/online-platforms-for-learning/

12.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/10/central-government-to-remove-air-fair-cap-from-31st-august/

13.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/11/new-education-policy-key-highlights/

14.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/12/rural-development/

15.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/13/sdg-2-zero-hunger/

16.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/14/journalism-and-its-aspects/

17.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/15/jaipur-a-beautiful-tourist-destination/

18.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/16/india-to-be-among-the-developed-nations-in-the-next-25-years/

19.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/17/branding-and-its-components/

20.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/18/understanding-artificial-intelligenceai-and-its-application/

21.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/19/youtube-marketing-and-its-benefits/

22.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/20/make-in-india-explained/

23.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/21/rbi-heading-to-curb-prevailing-inflation/

24.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/22/using-upi-is-not-going-to-be-chargeable-clarified/

25.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/23/online-professional-degrees/

26.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/24/government-policies-regarding-education-in-india/

27.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/25/national-sports-day-3/

28.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/26/india-to-be-next-global-saas-capital/

29.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/27/sustainable-development-3/

30.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/28/why-were-noidas-twin-tower-demolished/

31.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/29/swot-analysis-explained/

32.  https://eduindex.org/2022/08/31/bcg-matrix/

33.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/01/business-ethics-and-its-scope/

34.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/04/all-about-ins-vikrant/

35.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/05/teachers-day-12/

36.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/06/india-surpasses-united-kingdom-to-become-fifth-largest-economy/

37.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/08/social-responsibility-and-why-it-is-important-for-modern-businesses/

38.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/08/seat-belt-to-be-mandatory-for-all-passengers-in-car/

39.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/09/role-of-small-scale-industriesssi-in-india/

40.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/10/cheetahs-to-make-a-comeback-in-india/

41.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/11/what-is-setu-initiative-by-goi/

42.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/12/what-is-business-process-outsourcing-bpo/

43.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/13/google-planning-to-shift-phone-manufacturing-unit-from-china-to-india/

44.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/14/first-step-to-become-a-major-semi-conductor-hub-by-india/

45.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/15/indias-position-in-human-development-indexhdi-report/

46.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/16/international-day-for-preservation-of-ozone-layer-16th-september/

47.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/17/role-of-msme-sector-in-indian-economy/

48.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/18/reducing-indias-forex-reserves/

49.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/19/inflation-and-its-types/

50.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/20/how-upi-is-financial-revolution/

51.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/21/international-day-of-peace/

52.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/22/what-does-moonlighting-mean/

53.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/23/national-logistics-policy/

54.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/24/depreciating-rupee/

55.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/25/indias-foreign-direct-investmentfdi-to-be-accumulated-to-whopping-100-billion-by-the-end-of-this-fiscal-year/

56.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/26/major-types-of-economic-system-in-the-world/

57.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/27/emerging-career-options-among-indian-youth/

58.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/28/it-employees-are-rewarded-with-double-digit-salary-hike-before-the-festive-season/

59.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/29/tips-for-faster-promotion-in-jobs/

60.  https://eduindex.org/2022/09/30/home-grown-alternative-to-gps-know-all-about-indias-navic/

61.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/01/rollout-of-5g-service-in-india/

62.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/02/state-owned-bsnl-may-introduce-5g-services-in-the-next-independence-day/

63.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/03/experts-sees-a-strong-consumer-spending-this-festive-season/

64.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/04/web-series-is-the-new-favorite-entertainment-source-among-indian-youth/

65.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/05/india-to-add-80-new-airports-till-2027/

66.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/06/know-all-about-prachand-indias-own-homemade-attack-helicopter/

67.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/07/india-abstained-to-vote-against-china-at-unhrc/

68.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/08/air-force-day/

69.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/09/know-about-indias-first-solar-village/

70.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/10/rbi-may-soon-launch-e-rupee-on-pilot-phase/

71.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/11/india-surpasses-japan-in-term-of-metro-rail-system-length-to-become-4th-largest-metro-system-in-the-world/

72.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/12/take-a-glance-at-imfs-latest-report-on-world-economy/

73.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/13/imfs-chief-praises-indias-economic-growth/

74.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/14/inflation-not-yet-in-control/

75.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/15/india-has-slipped-to-107th-rank-in-global-hunger-indexghi/

76.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/16/global-hunger-index-report-is-an-attempt-to-tarnish-indias-image-says-goi/

77.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/17/india-set-a-new-record-by-exporting-cellphones-more-than-1-billion-worth-in-september-month/

78.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/18/what-is-ondc-initiative-by-goi/

79.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/19/rupee-slides-to-record-low-at-83-against-us-dollar/

80.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/20/russia-showed-a-great-gesture-of-friendship-towards-india-by-recognising-the-disputed-area-as-integral-part-of-indian-region/

81.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/21/how-us-is-exporting-inflation-to-rest-of-the-world/

82.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/22/india-lost-159-billion-dollars-in-2021-due-to-heat-waves/

83.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/23/isros-new-achievement-launches-36-satellite-for-uk-based-oneweb/

84.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/25/indian-origin-rishi-sunak-become-britain-new-pm/

85.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/25/last-solar-eclipse-of-the-year-witnessed-today/

86.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/26/status-of-indias-forex-reserve/

87.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/27/home-affordability-report-on-indian-cities/

88.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/28/neom-the-futuristic-sci-fi-city-of-saudi-arabia/

89.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/29/what-indians-worry-about-most-read-the-survey-report-by-ipsos/

90.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/30/rupee-might-slide-further-according-to-a-recent-report/

91.  https://eduindex.org/2022/10/31/ev-on-monthly-subscription-by-a-benguluru-based-startup/

 

 

 

92.  https://eduindex.org/2022/11/14/usa-removes-india-from-its-currency-monitoring-list/

93.  https://eduindex.org/2022/11/16/world-population-hits-8-billion/

94.  https://eduindex.org/2022/11/28/china-organises-first-india-ocean-meeting-without-india/

95.  https://eduindex.org/2022/11/28/japan-was-the-target-of-russia-before-invading-ukraine/

96.  https://eduindex.org/2022/11/29/gujarats-gift-city-aims-to-be-financial-hub-of-asia/

97.  https://eduindex.org/2022/11/29/mumbais-dharavi-redevelopment-project/

98.  https://eduindex.org/2022/11/30/report-for-most-inclusive-nation-for-religious-minorities-india-tops-the-list/

99.  https://eduindex.org/2022/11/30/sensex-index-may-hit-80000-at-the-end-of-next-years/

100.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/02/india-receive-a-whopping-100-billion-dollars-as-remittance-according-to-a-report-by-world-bank/

101.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/02/india-will-witness-a-rise-in-gamers-by-2025/

102.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/03/cost-of-living-index-by-eiu/

103.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/03/how-is-digital-currency-different-from-upi/

104.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/04/india-jumps-to-48th-place-in-international-aviation-safety-ranking-dgca/

105.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/04/know-about-the-new-rule-in-north-korea-regarding-the-names-given-to-children/

106.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/05/indias-first-gold-atm-launched-in-hyderabad/

107.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/05/top-5-fastest-growing-states-by-gsdp/

108.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/06/india-assumes-g-20-presidency/

109.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/06/upi-payments-remains-favourite-mode-for-indians/

110.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/07/india-to-test-agni-v-missile/

111.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/07/passenger-cars-to-witness-a-price-hike-in-the-new-year/

112.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/08/india-likely-to-face-extreme-heat-waves/

113.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/08/how-roll-out-of-5g-services-will-help-indian-economy/

114.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/09/indian-telecom-sector-to-hire-staffs-laid-off-by-big-tech-mncs/

115.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/09/india-wont-be-a-us-ally-rather-a-great-power-wh-official/

116.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/10/uss-list-for-religious-freedom-pakistan-questioned-why-india-not-blacklisted/

117.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/10/india-to-become-a-hub-of-drone-technology/

118.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/11/one-need-to-spend-4-years-instead-of-3-to-graduate-in-honours-degree/

119.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/11/alternatives-to-layoff/

120.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/12/india-climbs-to-5th-spot-in-top-global-500-list-released-by-hurun/

121.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/12/russia-offers-india-large-ship-on-lease/

122.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/13/india-and-chinese-troops-clashes-on-border/

123.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/13/know-about-new-zealand-law-that-bans-smoking-for-next-generation/

124.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/14/vande-bharat-trains-has-faced-multiple-accidents-with-cattles-since-operation/

125.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/14/success-rate-of-indian-startup-is-higher-than-rest-of-the-world-said-the-commerce-minister/

126.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/15/take-a-loot-at-a-report-related-to-employability-of-indians-published-by-wheelbox-india-skill/

127.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/15/what-the-employees-around-globe-thinks-of-recommending-their-profession-to-the-next-generation-look-at-the-report/

128.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/16/amid-border-tension-with-china-india-tested-agni-v-missile/

129.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/16/what-is-hooch-tragedy-which-is-happening-in-bihar-recently/

130.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/17/ukraine-presidents-request-to-fifa-ahead-of-the-final-match/

131.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/17/russia-remains-indias-top-oil-supplier-for-the-month-of-november-too/

132.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/18/indian-navy-commissions-guided-missile-destroyer-ins-mormugao/

133.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/19/argentina-wins-fifa-world-cup/

134.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/19/keypoints-of-un-cop15-summit-held-at-canada/

135.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/20/after-russia-sri-lanka-to-use-indian-rupeeinr-for-internation-trade/

136.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/20/60-of-china-may-get-infected-by-covid-19-in-the-next-90-days-says-experts/

137.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/21/central-government-raised-more-than-4-lakh-crore-trough-disinvestment-since-2014/

138.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/21/health-minister-holds-a-meeting-today-on-covid-rising-concern/

139.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/22/india-doubled-its-steel-production-capacity-in-the-past-8-years-to-become-world-2nd-largest-steel-producing-country/

140.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/23/nation-to-hold-mock-drill-for-covid-emergency-responses/

141.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/23/center-to-introduce-bhagavad-gita-in-ncert-syllabus/

142.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/24/right-to-repair-portal-launched-to-handle-repair-related-issues-among-consumers/

143.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/24/which-is-the-most-favourite-beach-destination-for-indianssee-report/

144.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/25/a-report-released-by-taste-atlas-that-ranks-cuisine-all-around-the-world/

145.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/25/most-favourite-spritual-destination-report-by-oyo/

146.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/26/global-economy-is-headed-for-a-recession-in-2023-says-researcher/

147.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/26/how-the-climate-adversities-hit-india-in-2022/

148.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/27/medical-experts-suggests-of-second-covid-booster-dose-amid-rising-concern/

149.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/27/what-is-vostro-account-initiated-by-rbi-to-facilitate-smoother-trade/

150.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/28/amid-decline-in-chinas-construction-sector-india-emerges-as-saviour-for-global-steel-demand-says-report/

151.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/28/amid-covid-concerns-chinese-are-turning-to-black-market-india-made-meds/

152.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/29/rbi-emerges-as-the-top-buyer-of-gold-among-its-global-counterparts/

153.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/29/health-experts-says-the-next-40-days-will-be-crucial-for-india-amid-covid-surge-in-china/

154.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/30/indias-first-underwater-tunnel-to-be-built-in-west-bengal-expected-to-start-by-december-2023/

155.                 https://eduindex.org/2022/12/30/indian-rupees-was-worst-performing-asian-currencies-in-2022/

156.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/12/rrrs-nattu-nattu-song-wins-prestigious-golden-globe-award/

157.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/13/benguluru-tops-among-all-indian-cities-for-startup-funding-in-2022/

158.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/14/gold-hits-all-time-high/

159.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/15/indias-75th-army-day/

160.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/16/indias-trade-deficit-with-china-crosses-100-billion-for-the-first-time/

161.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/17/indias-top-1-percent-richest-own-40-percent-of-total-wealth/

162.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/18/chinas-first-population-fall-in-six-decades/

163.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/19/by-2027-india-could-assemble-1-in-2-iphone-according-to-a-report/

164.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/20/adani-enterprises-files-indias-largest-fpo/

165.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/21/know-about-trais-proposal-of-displaying-name-with-phone-number/

166.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/22/bharos-indias-indigenous-mobile-operating-system/

167.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/23/big-tech-companies-announced-layoff-for-around-70000-employees/

168.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/24/green-comet-a-rare-sight-on-earth-appearing-after-50000-years/

169.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/24/rrrs-song-nattu-nattu-nominated-for-oscar-in-best-original-song-category/

170.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/25/gold-surpasses-rupees-57000-per-10-grams/

171.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/25/5-billion-people-exposed-to-trans-fat-who-report/

172.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/26/indian-army-to-get-jetpack-suit/

173.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/26/foreign-universities-to-enter-in-india/

174.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/27/earths-core-may-spin-in-opposite-direction-says-expert/

175.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/27/stock-market-highlights-will-it-crash/

176.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/28/no-pre-installed-google-application-on-new-phones-read-more-about-cci-and-google-case/

177.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/29/top-most-online-platform-to-upskill-in-2023/

178.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/30/more-sector-should-be-added-to-current-pli-scheme-says-expert/

179.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/01/31/trending-words-of-2022/

180.                 https://eduindex.org/2023/02/03/upi-accounted-for-more-than-half-of-the-digital-transaction-in-fy-22/

  

Ghufrana

 Articles written by Ghufrana during internship. 


https://track2training.quora.com/http-myblogbriefcase-blogspot-com-2023-01-we-all-write-html-Not-easy-to-endure-in-this-great-world-may-Someone-is-mo?ch=10&oid=97672675&share=238440c5&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

 

 

https://newsijr.wordpress.com/2022/09/18/why-cant-you-if-they-are-alive/

 

https://newsijr.wordpress.com/2022/09/19/superstition/

 

https://edupubnews.wordpress.com/2022/10/01/shadow-puppetry-in-indiagender-role-divisions/

 

https://track2training.quora.com/Role-of-Non-Economic-factors-in-Development?ch=10&oid=76844009&share=d9278d80&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

 

https://track2training.quora.com/Marxism-THEORY-OF-KARL-MARX-IN-TERM-OF-ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT?ch=10&oid=76843138&share=1ad0d106&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

 

https://track2training.quora.com/A-White-Haired-Witch-Of-Lunar-Kingdom-2014?ch=10&oid=76842693&share=0c5b4a3b&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

 

https://track2training.quora.com/The-Extraordinary-Adventures-of-Adele-Blanc-sec-2010?ch=10&oid=76842448&share=fb0d0b93&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

 

https://track2training.quora.com/Beauty-And-The-Beast-2014?ch=10&oid=76842107&share=e781e624&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

 

https://track2training.quora.com/Music?ch=10&oid=76841690&share=351c380e&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

 

https://track2training.quora.com/Gadgets?ch=10&oid=76840629&share=d876fb68&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

 

https://newsijr.wordpress.com/2022/10/06/durga-puja-ravan-dahan/

 

https://eduindex.org/2022/10/07/web-series-2/

 

https://newsijr.wordpress.com/2022/10/14/inner-voice-episode-1/

 

https://edupubnews.wordpress.com/2022/10/28/new-policy-of-education-system-2022/

 

https://track2training.quora.com/New-policy-of-Education-system-2022-The-president-of-India-Sri-ramnath-kovind-inaugurated-a-virtual-conference-of-gover?ch=10&oid=86881344&share=7abff134&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

 

https://edupubnews.wordpress.com/2022/10/28/rishi-sunak-prime-minister-of-uk/

 

https://eduindex.org/2022/10/31/okay/

 

 

https://eduindex.org/2022/11/04/a-film-review/

https://track2training.quora.com/http-eduindex-org-2022-11-04-a-film-review-The-Sleepover-2020-Director-TRISH-SIE-Genre-Exciting-Action-Adventu?ch=10&oid=87681456&share=4228a4f7&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

 

 

https://track2training.quora.com/https-myblogbriefcase-blogspot-com-2023-01-youthe-only-you-html-Its-my-fortune-to-have-you-unfortunately-no-matter?ch=10&oid=97490194&share=0eeab3c4&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

 

 

https://track2training.quora.com/http-eduindex-org-2023-01-15-to_the-second-person-you-To-The-Second-Person-You-For-you-Always-be-you-And-if-I-s?ch=10&oid=97489410&share=9a682550&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

 

https://track2training.quora.com/http-eduindex-org-2023-01-15-to_the-second-person-you-To-The-Second-Person-You-For-you-Always-be-you-And-if-I-s-1?ch=10&oid=97489458&share=dee3dacf&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

 

https://track2training.quora.com/http-myblogbriefcase-blogspot-com-2023-01-depression-html-Some-feelings-are-like-old-familiar-friends-Depression-is-l?ch=10&oid=97492297&share=66bd0af5&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

 

 

https://track2training.quora.com/http-myblogbriefcase-blogspot-com-2023-01-why-cant-you-if-they-are-alive-html-Why-cant-you-if-they-are-Alive-Just-in?ch=10&oid=97670912&share=599086be&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

 

https://track2training.quora.com/http-myblogbriefcase-blogspot-com-2023-01-superstition-html-A-landscape-appearance-not-too-far-but-a-meeting-of-impos?ch=10&oid=97671772&share=eb5accf8&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

 

https://track2training.quora.com/?ch=10&oid=2741616&share=396067ef&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=tribe

 

https://track2training.quora.com/What-China-wants-with-tiktok-users-data-1?ch=10&oid=1477743633156467&share=b8650b67&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=answer

 

https://track2training.quora.com/Hence-there-are-people-who-dont-know-the-importance-of-Republic-day-and-not-even-they-know-how-to-devote-their-self?ch=10&oid=97877697&share=e0f8d2e7&srid=hGhG3F&target_type=post

 

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5 must-visit places in Bhubaneshwar

 

Lingaraja Temple

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The 54m-high Lingaraj Mandir dedicated to Shiva dates from 1090 to 1104 – though some parts are more than 1400 years old–and is surrounded by several smaller temples and shrines. The granite block within, representing Tribhubaneswar (Lord of Three Worlds), is bathed daily with water, milk and bhang (marijuana). The main gate, guarded by two mustachioed yellow lions, is a spectacle in itself as lines of pilgrims approach with offerings in hand. The temple is closed to non-Hindus.

Given the high compound wall, foreigners can view the temple’s interiors only from a viewing platform (this may also include Hindu foreigners). Face the main entrance, walk right, then follow the wall around to the left and find the viewing platform on your left, just before you reach Chitrakarini Temple. There is occasional aggressive hassling for ‘donations’ at the viewing platform. The money will not go to the temple, so stand your ground and do not pay.

Location: Lingaraj Road, Old Town Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Timings: 5:00 AM to 9:00 PM
Entry Fees: No entry fee

Nandankanan Zoological Park

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Spread over 400 hectares in the Chandaka forest lies the impressive Nandankanan Zoological Park. Located on the banks of Kanjia Lake, this zoo is home to over 67 kinds of mammals, 81 species of birds and 18 varieties of reptiles. It was the first zoo in India to join the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) and also houses a botanical garden. Visitors can see black panthers, white tigers, gharial crocodiles and many other animals, birds and reptiles in an attempt to maintain the natural balance of nature against the growing urbanisation of Bhubaneswar.

Price: Budget

Opening hours: 7.30am-5.30pm (April–September), 8am-5pm (October–March); Closed Monday.

Odisha State Museum

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Wondering what to do in Bhubaneswar? Visit Odisha State Museum, which houses a treasure trove of artifacts emphasizing the magnificent history of the state and the families which ruled it for centuries. The museum, established in the year 1948, houses the best collection of erratic palm-leaf manuscripts, scroll paintings, folk musical instruments, and Bronze Age tools.

Location: Near Lewis Road, Kalpana Square, BJB Nagar Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Timings: 10 AM to 5.00 PM
Entry Fees: INR 10 for Indians and INR 50 for foreigners

Pathani Samanta Planetarium 

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The Pathani Samanta Planetarium was recognized to create awareness of astrophysics, astronomy, and space science. Multiple shows, workshops, regular conferences about outer space are organized here. There is an extensive library with an impressive number of books from the field of astronomy, science and technology are there.

Location: Sachivalaya Marg Acharya Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Timings: 1.00 PM to 5:45 PM
Entry Fees: INR 30

Udayagiri & Khandagiri Caves

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Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves are located six kilometres to the west of Bhubaneswar. These caves offer a brief look into the history of Jain religion and Kalinga Empire. The names of these caves were derived from the hills on which they are located. The caves have been numbered according to the Archaeological Survey of India, Hatigumpha, and Ganesha Gumpha are the most popular in the area. Cave 1 is decked out by sculptural wall painting with carved figures of athletes, women, elephants, and geese carrying flowers.

Location: Khandagiri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Timings: 9.00 AM to 6.00 PM
Entry Fees: INR 15 for Indians and INR 200 for foreigners

7 intriguing facts of Jagannath Puri

 Shri Jagannath’s Temple in Puri has uttermost importance for the Hindu devotees as it is one of the Char-Dham pilgrimages i.e. Puri, Dwaraka, Badrinath, and Rameshwar. This temple is famous for its annual Rath Yatra, but that’s not the sole reason people worship Lord Jagannath and Devi Subhadra and elder brother Lord Balabhadra.

Jagannath Puri is also famous for the mysteries and undefinable facts that catch the traveler’s eye worldwide. Devotees believe that all these are blessings of Lord Jagannath, and people who consider these as myths should visit the place themselves and find themselves dumbfounded. So, here are some most intriguing facts about Jagannath Puri.

1. No birds, no planes fly above the Lord

They say no one’s above God, so nothing flies above it. It’ll leave you surprised to encounter such a divine miracle that no birds, no planes fly above the temple. This is a rare contrast compared to other temples, as we have always seen birds resting on the top of temples are other entities. The temple is considered as a no-fly zone, not by any state government orders but by the Lord himself. And this phenomenon apparently has no scientific explanation.

2. Flag defying the power of wind

All of us know that any cloth flows towards wind direction, be it the sails of ship or the kites we flew in our childhoods. But here, the flag that flies atop of the Jagannath temple is an exception to this common principle. No scientific explanations reason the flag flow in the opposite direction of wind.

3. Mute oceans

Odisha Tourism : Puri Beach
As soon as you step inside the main door, i.e. Singha Dwara entrance of the temple, you can’t hear the burble of water. And this phenomenon is more prominent in the evenings. But once you step out the audibility of water returns. It’s said that Devi Subhadra wished for serenity inside the temple walls and by this her wish was duly fulfilled.

4. Neela Chakra at the pinnacle

The riddle of Neela Chakra (Blue wheel) has still been unsolved. First, just think about the fact, how did the wheel made of 8 different alloys and a 36 feet circumference get up there at the pinnacle with just a human force of that century. Second, the view of this wheel doesn’t really depend on the direction that we look at it from. It’s like it was designed to look the same from all directions.

5. The temple casts no shadows

Every small object/thing/ peoples have shadows. But ever wondered what if something doesn’t have a shadow? The temple Jagannath Puri doesn’t cast any shadow on any part of the day under sunlight. If this is not a miracle, what would it be; just an unexplained phenomenon with no scientific reason to back up.

6. The magical techniques to cook

The traditional methods for cooking the mahaprasadam have been preserved here from the start. They place exactly 7 pots, one above the other on the firewood. Enchantingly, the upper pot gets cooked first, followed by the rest in order.

7. Mahaprasad never goes vain here

In India, wasting food is considered as a bad sign; the temple crew lives by this same. So, here at Jagannath temple the food is never futile, even if the crowd of devotees may vary from 2,000 to 2,00,000. Miraculously, the Parsadam prepared every day is never wasted, not even a bite. Could this be an effective management or the Lord’s will?

After reading such celestial facts, you might want to see them yourself. So, do not forget to check these facts on your next trip to Odisha and share your experience with me.

Types of Data in Statistics

 There are different types of data in Statistics, that are collected, analysed, interpreted and presented. The data are the individual pieces of factual information recorded, and it is used for the purpose of the analysis process. The two processes of data analysis are interpretation and presentation. Statistics are the result of data analysis. Data classification and data handling are important processes as it involves a multitude of tags and labels to define the data, its integrity and confidentiality. In this article, we are going to discuss the different types of data in statistics in detail.

What are Types of Data in Statistics?

The data is classified into majorly four categories:

  • Nominal data
  • Ordinal data
  • Discrete data
  • Continuous data

Further, we can classify these data as follows:

Let us discuss the different types of data in Statistics herewith examples.

Qualitative or Categorical Data

Qualitative data, also known as the categorical data, describes the data that fits into the categories. Qualitative data are not numerical. The categorical information involves categorical variables that describe the features such as a person’s gender, home town etc. Categorical measures are defined in terms of natural language specifications, but not in terms of numbers.

Sometimes categorical data can hold numerical values (quantitative value), but those values do not have a mathematical sense. Examples of the categorical data are birthdate, favourite sport, school postcode. Here, the birthdate and school postcode hold the quantitative value, but it does not give numerical meaning.

Nominal Data

Nominal data is one of the types of qualitative information which helps to label the variables without providing the numerical value. Nominal data is also called the nominal scale. It cannot be ordered and measured. But sometimes, the data can be qualitative and quantitative. Examples of nominal data are letters, symbols, words, gender etc.

The nominal data are examined using the grouping method. In this method, the data are grouped into categories, and then the frequency or the percentage of the data can be calculated. These data are visually represented using the pie charts.

Ordinal Data

Ordinal data/variable is a type of data that follows a natural order. The significant feature of the nominal data is that the difference between the data values is not determined. This variable is mostly found in surveys, finance, economics, questionnaires, and so on.

The ordinal data is commonly represented using a bar chart. These data are investigated and interpreted through many visualisation tools. The information may be expressed using tables in which each row in the table shows the distinct category.

Quantitative or Numerical Data

Quantitative data is also known as numerical data which represents the numerical value (i.e., how much, how often, how many). Numerical data gives information about the quantities of a specific thing. Some examples of numerical data are height, length, size, weight, and so on. The quantitative data can be classified into two different types based on the data sets. The two different classifications of numerical data are discrete data and continuous data.

Discrete Data

Discrete data can take only discrete values. Discrete information contains only a finite number of possible values. Those values cannot be subdivided meaningfully. Here, things can be counted in whole numbers.

Example: Number of students in the class

Continuous Data

Continuous data is data that can be calculated. It has an infinite number of probable values that can be selected within a given specific range.

Example: Temperature range

7 tips to crack GATE 2024

Picture Credits – GeekforGeeks

1. The Early You Start, The Better It Is.

GATE is an exam that usually entails consistent study. It is advantageous to begin early as you’ll have enough time to thoroughly study the topics and revise on a regular basis. GATE preparation is best done in the third year of engineering. You must devote at least a few hours per week, preferably on weekends, to GATE preparation. Aspirants have been studying for the exam for over two years, so competition is fierce.

2. Know the GATE Exam Pattern and Syllabus

Before you begin your GATE preparation, familiarize yourself with the GATE 2024 exam pattern and syllabus. The exam contains both MCQ and numerical questions. There is negative marking as well except for the numerical type questions.
The following step is to review the GATE Syllabus 2024. Subjects and topics should be prioritized based on your conceptual knowledge and understanding of the subject. Categorize the topics based on your strengths and weaknesses to help you decide which ones to focus on more. Aside from that, select the core subjects that you must thoroughly study in order to score higher.

3. Make a proper study plan

The study plan will differ depending on whether the candidate is a first-timer or a repeater, as well as on their strengths and weaknesses. Examine the exam pattern, syllabus, and difficulty level carefully before creating an effective study plan. Create a long-term, monthly, and daily plan. Experiment with a variety of problems from various sources. Practice a variety of problems from different sources. Take as many mock tests as possible, solve previous year’s papers, and sample papers.

4. Manage your time effectively

Time management is crucial in GATE preparation. Make a workable schedule and make good use of your time. Plan out the time needed to cover the syllabus and set aside time for each task related to your GATE preparation. Revision is essential; take it seriously and practice a variety of question papers to better manage time during the exam.

5. Take Mock Tests and Analyze the Results

Taking mock tests can help you keep track of your performance at every stage of your preparation. It is not enough to simply take mock tests; it is also necessary to analyze the results. Recognize your mistakes and areas for improvement.

6. Focus on General Aptitude and Engineering Mathematics

If you want to pass GATE 2024, concentrate on Mathematics and Aptitude. Prepare thoroughly for these two subjects because you will score much higher in this section than in the others. The Aptitude section is worth 15 points, as is the Mathematics section. As a result, preparing for this section without fail is an excellent strategy. 

7. Join an online test series

One of the best ways to determine your level of preparation is to take an online test series. These are created by expert faculty and include previous year questions. These will help you compete with the actual candidates who will be appearing for the year, and you can also analyze your AIR. You can get information about the best test series from your seniors and teachers, who may already be enrolled.
Think beyond the textbook and look for real-world applications of engineering concepts. This will assist you in making things more interesting and realistic. Develop your visualization skills and look for connections and relationships between concepts. This will assist you in learning more effectively. Make analogies to help you explain topics and concepts. 
Take good care of your health and get enough sleep. Revise frequently and keep a cool head on exam day.
Do you want to know about the tracks you can opt after you qualify GATE?
You can read my other article, which is linked below, to learn more about the various opportunities available after passing the GATE exam.