GRAM STAINING

Bacteria can be classified into two different categories i.e. gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. To differentiate the type of bacteria present in any collected sample there is a technique known as GRAM STAINING OR GRAM STAIN. It is sometimes also known as gram’s method. This technique is a different step process which can easily distinguish and classify between different types of bacteria. This was named after the great scientist Hans Christian Gram.
Gram Staining method differentiates bacteria on the basis of their physical and chemical structure of cell wall. They are stained with different reagents and are observed in different colors when seen under the microscope. It is due to the fact that gram positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan which allows it to retain the primary stain which is crystal violet and thus they appear purple whereas on the other hand, gram-positive bacteria have thin peptidoglycan cell wall and thus only retain the secondary or counter stain which is Safranin and thus they appear slightly pinkish when observed under microscope. Gram staining is the basic technique which is widely used in the microbiology labs to distinguish between both the types of bacteria. It provides a great help to microbiologists to perform their clinical tasks. If any infection is suspected in the patient then after the collection of sample, the gram staining is done and the type of bacteria is observed.
Gram staining is completed in the various steps –

Fixation of clinical materials i.e. the sample collected are being fixed on the glass slide by first making a smear using water and then that smear is either heat fixed or methanol fixed. It is a first and a very important step. Methanol fixation was later discovered keeping in mind its advantage of not destroying the morphology of host cell, as well as bacteria present in that. It is majorly used for the testing of blood samples collected from patients.
Application of primary stain i.e. crystal violet. Primary stain means the first stain which is applied onto the fixed smear which stains all the calls purple or blue.
To distinguish the slide is then washed off in a gentle and indirect stream of water for 2 seconds which removes the extra stain that is not absorbed by the cells.
The next step involves the application of a mordant i.e. Iodine solution. This forms a complex with crystal violet due to which all the cells start appearing blue.
Again the slide is washed for 2 seconds to remove extra stain.
Addition of a decolorizing agent is the next step which will ultimately remove the excess stain which bacteria has not absorbed. The decolorizer contains the combination of acetone and alcohol. In this step, the gram positive bacteria continue appearing violet or blue in color whereas gram negative bacteria start appearing colorless.
Application of counter stain or secondary stain i.e. safranin is the next step. It should let remain on the slide for 30 second to 1 minute. This will stain all the colorless gram negative bacteria pink and gram positive bacteria remains blue in color.
Again the slide is washed off in a gentle stream of water.
The prepared stained slide is then observed under a microscope using immersion oil (for observing under 100x).

The Alchemist

“Tell your heart that the fear of suffering is worse than the suffering itself. And that no heart has ever suffered when it goes in search of its dreams, because every second of the search is a second’s encounter with God and with eternity. “Paulo Coelho, The Alchemist
I recently read “The Alchemist” again after procrastinating for a long time. I read it at a perfect time. The book is lovely and an inspirational masterpiece. Written by Brazilian author Paulo Coelho in 1988. It was initially written and published in Portuguese. It is an international bestseller and has been translated to more than 70 languages. The book is relatively short having around 167 pages only. The theme is about finding one’s destiny or purpose in life.
The story is about a Shepherd boy from Spain whose name is Santiago. He keeps getting the same dream about treasures that are lying in the Pyramids of Egypt. He embarks on a journey to follow his dream after meeting an old king who offers him magic stones and advice. Santiago crosses the Mediterranean and Sahara to find his treasures in Egypt and also accomplish his personal legend which is his purpose in life. The book details his journey and the various encounters that he experiences when following his dream. Throughout the journey, Santiago meets many new people and a lot of difficulty which ultimately helps him to learn and grow the entire way. Does he find the treasures in the Pyramids of Egypt?
The story is very enchanting and bursts with optimism which I think is very important in our lives. The book shows that the journey to your destiny is as important as the destiny itself. I love how the book emphasizes on the importance of faith, hope and spirituality through the story of an ordinary boy. I think this book appeals to everyone because we all have dreams and sometimes, we just want someone to tell us that they may come true.
“One is loved because one is loved. No reason is needed for loving.”
Highly recommended 🙌
Happy reading!

Your True Potential Awaits

This morning I was working on something for my college project and made an interesting metaphorical observation.

The cutting discs that are used on a rotary tool are very brittle. You can easily break them or snap them in two with your fingers. However, mounted on a spindle and spun at thousands of rotations per minute, those very same fragile discs can cut through steel.

This is similar to what happens to us, humans. We have our moments of weakness and we fall. But we should know and always remember that at times like these we may not be getting properly utilized. Subjected to the right conditions and determination, our true potential awaits us to realize it.

As you grow older, not realizing your true potential at the right time becomes one of your biggest regrets. That is why it is quintessential that you capitalize on the opportunity to self-actualize and be the best that you can be.

Self-introspect: Each one of us, either implicitly or explicitly, wants to have some meaning in our lives – to be a part of something bigger than ourselves. One way for this is to recognize what you are passionate about and follow that. This requires lots of self-introspection and brutal honesty with you. It is not necessary for your passion to earn you money; it just needs to be able to make you feel happy and fulfilled. Your passion could be as complex as painting on a canvass or as simple as sitting down and reading a book.
Say ‘no’: The society today is such where people have an intense fear of missing out (or FOMO, if you will). Saying ‘no’ is extremely underrated. But you need to realize that every time you say ‘yes’ to something that you don’t want, you are essentially saying ‘no’ to something that you do want. Learn to wisely say ‘no’ to the things which are not instrumental in reaching your true potential. After all, your time is very limited and you wouldn’t want to waste it on trivial things that don’t even make you happy.
Success is a process: People often glorify success, but they don’t see the blood and sweat from the endless hours of effort that is put in getting there. They miss out on recognizing the journey to reach the destination. Remember during your darker days that success is not an event; it is a process. Doing something every day helps more in achieving your goal than sporadic periods of work.
Know your weaknesses: In order to achieve the best version of you, know what your strengths and talents are, and use them to focus on your goal. But more importantly, know where your weaknesses lie. Always be on the lookout for areas where you can improve on. Be better than you were yesterday. This does not mean you shouldn’t be proud of yourself; it is saying you should never be stagnant.

Time is forever fleeting. Do not put off anything that you will regret later. The best time to start something was always yesterday. But the clock is still ticking; you are not out f time yet. The next best time is now. Now go out there and spin really fast, cutting through the steel while figuring out life along the way.

mage COurtesy: GOOGLE

INDIAN CULTURE IN TEMPLES AND MARRIAGE

Indian culture is the world’s oldest civilization in India began about several years ago say 4500 years. Societies outside of Europe or North America were considered primitive and culturally inferior. But Indian’s made it significant advances in architecture mainly (TajMahal). Different regions have their own distinct cultures. Languages, religion, food and the arts are just some of the various aspects of Indian culture.

As mentioned before the Indian culture has several diversities and one such is Temple culture. As shown above, the temples of India differs from each other in their designs of construction. Indian states are filled with several temples which indicates a unique story in it. India is the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism and other religions.

For generations. India has a prevailing tradition of the joint family system. It is when extended members of family- parents, children, etc. -live together. Usually, the oldest member is the head of the family. When considered about marriages, there are 2 types. one is love marriage and other is arranged marriage. Arranged marriage have long been the norm in Indian society. Even today, the marriages have been planned by their parents and other respected family-members. In most marriages, the bride’s family provides a dowry to the bridegroom. Traditionally, the dowry is considered to be the wealth of the bride’s family. There are several rituals followed by several religions.

Though the Indians have several changes in their rituals, all of them are always united by the pride called “THE INDIANS”. when considered with marriages in north India, it may takes place from 3-7 days along with haldi , mehendi, sangeeth functions. Similarly when considered in south Indian marriages, it may takes place from 2-4 days.

The above given is just a description about the Indian culture in temples and marriages. There are several in depth description for each and every culture in India for both the temples and marriages. The reason behind each and every ceremony in Indian marriages are always described with a story which also suits in the case of temples culture. As mentioned before, though there are several differences in every rituals, all the Indians are always united by their nation.

ENTERTAINMENT

Entertainment can be defined as a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience or gives pleasure and delight.It can be any form activity,idea or a task.It is more likely to be one pf the activities or events that have developed over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an audience’s attention.Although people’s attention is held by different preferences in entertainment, most forms are recognisable and familiar. Story telling,music ,drama, dance and different kinds of performances exist in all cultures, were supported in royal courts, developed into sophisticated forms and over time became available to all citizens. Entertainment evolves and can be adapted to suit any scale, ranging from an individual who choose a private entertainment from a now enormous array of pre-recorded products.

The experience of being entertained has come to be strongly associated with amusement, so that one common understanding of the idea is fun and laughter, although many entertainments have a serious purpose. This may be the in the various forms of ceremony, celebration, religious festival or satire for example.

An important aspect of entertainment is the audience which turns a private recreation into entertainment. Entertainment can be public or private, involving formal, scripted performance, as in the case of theatre or concerts. Most of the famous forms of entertainments have persisted over many centuries, evolving due to changes in culture, tech etc.

Some activities that were once considered entertaining particularly public punishments, have been removed from the public area. Others such as fencing or archery, once necessary skills for some have become serious parts or sports and even professions for the individuals. In the same way, other necessary skills such as cooking have developed into performances among professionals stages as global competitions and then broadcast for entertainment. The familiar forms of entertainment have the capacity to cross over different media and have demonstrated a seemingly unlimited potential for a creative remix.

Entertainment can be distinguished from other activities such as education and marketing even though they have learned how to use the appeal of entertainment to achieve their different goals. The importance and impact of entertainment is recognised by scholars and its increasing sophistication has influenced practices in other fields such as museology. Therefore the main aim of entertainment is to make people to get into the mixture of emotions while watching.

Close up view of two people in a crowd with raised hands holding phones and filming a concert.

HAVOC OF FLOOD IN BIHAR

Private weather agency Skymet said on Monday that the rains will be triggered by the northward shifting of the trough line — on which monsoon rainfall largely hinges — towards the Himalayan foothills around July 13-14. The trough line is a low-pressure that stretches from west to east and takes along the heavy rain belt with it when it shifts.

In Bihar, heavy rains and floods have claimed 29 lives, according to Bihar State Disaster Management Authority. NERC reported that recent flooding had affected 1.554 million people in the state.

The rivers Burhi Gandak, Bagmati, Ganga, Kosi and Sone are all above danger levels according to NERC, with further heavy rain expected. In 24 hours to 29 September 2019, Rosera recorded 290mm of rain and Bihpur and Koilwar both 270mm.

According to a CWC report of 29 September, the Kosi at Baltara, Khangaria stood at 34.9m (danger is 33.85m). The level of the Ganga at Bhagalpur was 34.24m (danger is 33.68m) and the Ganga at Patna Gandhighat was at 49.42m (danger 48.6m). The Sone river at Maner, Patna district, stood at 52.34m (danger 52m)

Nineteen teams from the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) have been deployed to affected areas. Teams from the Indian Air Force have also been deployed.

The city of Patna and the surrounding district has been particularly badly affected. According to NERC, flooding has also affected areas of Buxar, Bhojpur, Samastipur, Lakhisarai, Begusarai, Khagaria, Bhagalpur, Munger, Katihar and Saran districts

Bihar is surrounded by Nepal in the north, West Bengal in the east, Uttar Pradesh in the west and Jharkhand towards the south. There are several rivers that run through the state: Ganga, Sone, Punpun, Falgu, Karmanasa, Durgavati, Kosi, Gandak and the Ghaghara, to name a few. Nearly 85% of the state’s land is under cultivation. Bihar also receives heavy rainfall all through June to October.

The state of Bihar has been facing floods since for a long time. It accounts for almost half of India’s average annual flood losses. In the year 1914, Bengal and Bihar faced floods. In the year 1934, Bihar was shaken by an earthquake which was again followed by floods.

The state has been facing floods ever since, but the frequency of floods has become high in recent years. There have been floods almost every year from 1979 which have caused extensive damage. Lakhs of people have lost their lives and their homes. The state has faced infrastructural losses worth crores of rupees.

In 2008, more than half of Bihar was submerged under water. The state witnessed its worst floods ever with more than 30 lakh people in more than 1500 villages spread across 16 out of 37 districts being affected. The worst affected districts were Araria, Saharsa, Supaul and Madhepura.

After the floods in 2008, Bihar faced a drought for two years and again in 2011, nearly 100 villages were flooded by the Bagmati river. Much of Bihar’s misery has been caused by the Kosi river, which is a major tributary of Ganges.

The Kosi river system drains about 60,000 km2 of eastern Nepal and southern Tibet before it enters Bihar. The basin includes almost half of the world’s 8,000 m plus peaks. North of the India-Nepal border, it is known as the Sapt Kosi or “Seven Rivers” in reference to its seven tributaries: Indrawati, Sunkosi, Tambakosi, Lihku Khola, Dudhkosi, Arun and Tamur. Its three main tributaries i.e. Sunkosi, Arun and Tamur join the river at Tribeni. Downstream of the Tibreni, the Sapt Kosi flows through a narrow gauge of 11km, before spreading over the Gangetic plains. As a result of the sudden decrease in slope below the mouth of the gorge, an inland delta is formed. It is interesting to note that the river has shifted more than 100 km westward in the past 200 years.

Figure: Sapt Kosi is formed by seven rivers in south-east Nepal. Image Courtesy: Hydrologic regime of the Sapt Kosi Basin, Nepal – Richard Kattelmann, University of California

What causes floods?

There has been increased conversion of forests to agricultural and continuous deforestation which significantly contributes to the flood damage in India. There was an increase in the annual run off in the Sapt Kosi from the 1950s until the 1980s, but the rainfall also increased correspondingly at several stations in the basin.

Another reason for the flood damage is that Bihar lies in foot of Himalayas and have very low plain.

The state government has built about 3000 kms of dam, but the flow of the river has grown 2.5 times resulting in the failure of dam in every flood.

So the big question is the state of Bihar prepared? The Disaster Management Department, Government of Bihar has come out with a number of schemes.

Procurement of motor boats and other necessary accessories like life jackets, mahajals, tents, etc. for 28 flood-prone districts.
To improve the response mechanism and tackle the impact of natural disasters effectively, a State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) is to be established on the similar pattern of National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
A number of warehouses will be constructed to store the relief and rescue materials and to keep them safe and secure.
Establishment of Emergency Operation Centres (EOC) in all the districts to carry out rescue and relief work effectively.
Since the communication system often becomes dysfunctional, procurement and proper maintenance of communication systems has been taken into account. Satellite phones, GPS instruments, hand packs, walkie – talkies will be procured.
An Early Disaster Warning System is to be established.
A plan has been prepared to generate awareness among the masses about the ways and means of mitigating the risk of disaster.

The budget for the above scheme crosses 5000 crores.

What more can be done?

A number of structural measures can be taken up in the state:

Detention Basins: The state area has a number of depressions locally called chaurs which act as detention basins. These chaurs absorb a considerable amount of water of the first flood of the season. No man made detention basins or improvements in natural chaurs has been done.
Dam: All the rivers have been embankment in the state. River Kosi is embankment on both the sides. But there are few gaps in these embankments which reduce its effectiveness. The maintenance and repair of these embankments must be taken into account.
Channel Improvement: is not a usual practice.

Graphic designing

Eyes are considered as the windows to the world, so any content when looked upon appeals to the eye only when it is interesting and attractive. This is where graphic designing comes into place, it is not only a marketing tac-tic but a tool that raises awareness amongst the public in different forms. Graphic designing is not only limited to the print industry graphic designing websites and other digital graphic development is also coming up.

Here’s some different type of graphic designing;

Visual Identity Graphic Design – This type of designing is the generating of different graphics revolving around a brand and promoting brand identity of an entity. The images, colours, shapes and fonts here, act as the fact of the business, which is an intangible entity.

Marketing and Advertising Graphic Design – This kind of designing is a hybridization of marketing and designing, wherein creatives propagate an entire idea of the business focusing greatly on the logos, typography and the different elements to appeal to the public.

Motion Graphic Design – This is more of a subset of graphic design that harnesses different film-making and video making techniques to make the creative more interactive, as moving visuals with audio and attractive animation stimulate senses faster than just simple images.

User-Interface Graphic Design – It is the process of creating different creative interfaces on software and computers. Here, appeal isn’t the only thing that the creator focuses on, but the design he/she creates should be highly user-friendly and understandable. Art and Illustration.

Graphic Design – This type of designing follows an intent of communication and problem solving, creating original artwork based on the decorative guidelines of storytelling. It is used in gaming, comics, info-graphics, t-shirt designing and more.

Happy designing!🤗

Take a break and spend sometime with your family….

In modern days, we are so much busy with our own work that we don’t even get time for each other. Spend time with family or going for the vacations become just nightmares. So it is necessary to take out sometime to spend with family.

Try to have atleast one meal together. Utilise that time to talk to your partner or children.
You can also go for a walk after dinner. This is the perfect time to enjoy with your family members.
Plan a day out each month. Go for a field trip or picnic. It will lead to a great fun and is a fantastic way to spend sometime with your family.
When you are with your family, turn off your phone. If on vacations too, you are busy on your phone it will ruin everything. So, switch off your phone and spend time with each other.
You can cook or clean your house together. This will help you to do something productive and you will be able to spend time with your family.
Parents can also help their children in school work. It helps you to know about your child’s weaknesses and strong point and they will also get confidence and assurance that there is someone who is there to help them.

IMPORTANCE OF SPENDING TIME WITH YOUR FAMILY

It strengthens the bond- Spending time with your family strengthens the relationship with each other. In children too, it leads to a sense of belongingness, every family members also feel like part of something special. It also reduces stress and makes you happy and connected with your loved ones.
Show kids that they matter- Everybody needs attention, especially your kids. Always spend time with them and talk to them especially when they feel low. Make them feel that they are special and important in your life.
Teach and learn new things- Spend your time with kids, teach them something new and learn from them too. It is the best to share your experiences, difficulties, how you cope up with your fears. This help them to get confidence that they are also able to cope up with their difficulties.
Help you to understand each other- When you spend time with your family, you will get to know about their lives, their problems, difficulties, likes and dislikes. So, you are able to know about each other and share your problems with each other which leads to better understanding.
Inculcate values- By spending time with children you can teach them good values which help them to live their life in a great way. Since childhood, children needs to be nurtured and guided along the right path.

So, we all know the work is important but family is also important so start with small steps and spend sometime with family, it will definitely help you to live your life happily.

Self Reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson

There is a time in every man’s education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide; that he must take himself for better for worse as his portion; that though the wide universe is full of good, no kernel of nourishing corn can come to him but through his toil bestowed on that plot of ground which is given to him to till. The power which resides in him is new in nature, and none but he knows what that is which he can do, nor does he know until he has tried……

Trust thyself; every heart vibrates to that iron string. Accept the place the divine providence has found for you, the society of your contemporaries, the connection of events. Great men have always done so …..

My life is for itself and not for a spectacle. I much prefer that it should be of a lower strain, so it be genuine and equal, than that it should be glittering and unsteady . . . . Few and mean as my gifts may be, I actually am, and do not need for my own assurance or the assurance of my fellows any secondary testimony.

What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think. This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness. It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it. It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy to live in solitude to live after your own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

e-sports: Knock…Knock…Knocking at the Olympics Door

e-sports is waiting to enter a historic moment by being part of the next Olympics. e-sports is a form of futuristic sport competition based on video games. Over the last few years it has developed enough to engage professional players, both in individual and in team capacity. There are important e-sports organizations like Fnatic, Team Liquid, Cloud 9, and e-sports like League of Legends, Overwatch and Riot Games. The finesse of new technology has led to very sophisticated e-sports in the present era.

An e-sports tournament which had been due to take place in Tokyo in the lead-up to the 2020 Olympics has been delayed until 2021 due to the postponement of the Olympics to the spread of the coronavirus. The Intel World Open had been scheduled to be held between 22 July to 24 July, 2020. It is supposed to be the first major video game tournament of the decade in Japan. It was set to be an important showcase of e-sports before the opening of the Olympics. The online qualifiers were originally scheduled to start on 2 May and the final players were to compete with each other from 22 July. But the officials from the Intel World Open confirmed that all events have been postponed till next year for the safety of everyone involved with this tournament.

The tournament was supposed to be taken place at Zepp DiverCity with a $500,000 prize pool available for the participants. Two recognized e-sports titles, Capcom’s Street Fighter V: Champion Edition and Psyonix’s Rocket League, will be featured in this tournament for the nations to win. Interestingly, Intel is modelling the tournament, perhaps the most modern item, after the traditional Olympic games format. Thus it is not only supposed to be the first crossover between the Olympics and competitive video games but also a negotiation between the modern and the traditional. Any player at any level can compete with other players for a chance to join a regional, territorial or national team. The national qualifiers will determine the best four players of each nation. Qualifying players will join one of the twelve teams. The Live Qualifier event was to be held in the Polish City of Katowice to determine the best final seven teams for the main event in Tokyo.

e-sports is not a very familiar subject in India. But it is becoming an increasingly common issue in the sporting circles with the potential for Olympic inclusion. However, it is still facing debate about its inclusion in the Olympics. The debate in Britain also concerns the videogame Fortnite’s inclusion. According to a report in the world famous magazine, The Economist, on 27 June, 2020, Prince Harry has objected to its inclusion in Olympics, a ‘peace event’, as it is a violent game. The counter-logic is that in terms of viewership it attracts the younger generation much more than traditional Olympics.

Intel is a member of the International Olympic Committee as a top-tier sponsorship programme. In a world in which sports is increasingly coming under the control of sponsorship Intetel’s views matter and cannot be simply wished away. It is to be noted that the 3D tracking software of Intel will be used during the international games. e-sports industry is already on the back of billion-dollar investments from Microsoft, Google and Amazon. It has now over one billion fans globally.

There are ongoing discussions on the inclusion of e-sports in the Pan American Games 2023 in Santiago. It had already made its presence in the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta and Palembang. It has also been announced as a medal event at the 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou, China. The pandemic-forced lockdown has also led to a spurt in the popularity of e-sports in recent times. There is no little doubt that e-sports, despite its share of debates and controversies, are moving forward slowly and steadily towards greater presence in the world of sports.

It’s just a bad day,not a bad life

My name hasn’t been shortlisted for the final round of an interview in a reputed company while many of my friends got selected. To be frank I am not at all happy and trying to be happy because if I try to be sad then I can’t be happy. I am happy for my friends but at the same time I am sad for myself. Trying to get out from it and typing it here and expressing it to my text because my bestie too got selected. I don’t know with whom should I share this sadness.

Feeling depressed and trying to be happy and avoiding my sadness as far as possible. I didn’t try that hard to exam but now I am trying much hard to forget this sadness. I don’t know for how much more time I can withstand with my sadness. I am not a poet and feeling to write a poem to express my sorrow.

Be happy, because it’s over. Don’t be sad because it never happens again.

Winning is temporary because failure is real. Winning to try should never fail but failing to win can happen.

Success is just a result, but failure is a process.

You might be wondering to have a surprise and can think of me in a way that I am being stupid enough to realise the value of failure after becoming a failure. Failure never teaches you, it’s you who will teach yourself. It’s you who will be with you forever. Try to win you rather than wasting time and searching happiness in something that could make you happy. Happiness lies within you because you are choosing it. Everything is within our hands because we are travelling through it and we are out own passengers in this journey. Passengers change as you change your job but the only passenger who remains as a shadow is you yourself.

Try to be happy because it’s what makes you happy. Try to be content and never stop improving. It’s only you to whom you have to answer by the end of the day. Make yourself happy because it’s you who are living your life. The only thing that matters to you is being happy. It’s not a bad life, it’s a bad day. What hasn’t happened might happen later with better results. What is today might come with a better tomorrow. No one knows what’s our future. Life can change anytime. The only thing we should promise ourself is to extend our promise. Everything happens for a reason and you will find the reason soon or later. But the reason always makes our life better.

Wait for a better life, If your life is better, wait for a best life.

Impact of pollution on Ecosystem

Modernization and industrialization has its adverse effect on environment surging toxins and health hazardous chemicals in both biotic and abiotic components of environment. Undoubtedly machines have made life super easy but it has taken a toll on human civilization. World is facing many environmental issues wherein presence of pollutants in environment is being one of the major issue.

Pollutant is elements, unwanted particles and chemical and toxin present in atmosphere. Pollution is referred as presence of these pollutants in biotic and abiotic components of atmosphere. Both Biotic and a biotic component of atmosphere built our eco system. Abiotic is presence of all non- living and physical component of atmosphere required to balance the eco system like water , air, natural gas etc. whereas biotic is all living organism present in eco system like humans, plants, bacteria etc. These components are essential to maintain a balance in ecosystem. It’s a impurity that is unwanted and is harmful to mankind and currently is major significant issues of the world.

Air pollution is one of the major pollution concerns existing in world and has raised an alarming situation. It is injurious to human health and the planet as a whole. Major causes are burning of fossil-fuels, coal, natural gases, industries, household uses, insecticide and pesticide and likewise.

Soil pollution is another major pollutant that is detrimental to humans and plants. Mixing of pollutants in soil has deteriorated its PH value causing to have it unfertile and barren. Illegal mining, dumping of urban and industrial waste, has resulted in soil erosion.

Water pollution is mixing of waste from factories, homes in water bodies. Mixing of pollutant make water contaminated and resulting in deletion in quality of water. Heavy metals like lead, iron and arsenic is found in water making it poisonous for both terrestrial animal and aquatic. Last but not the least is noise pollution. It is continuous exposure to an extreme sound level that causes annoyance and irritation. Sound levels less than 70 dB is tolerable by living organism and above that can affect respiration, headache nausea, according to World health organization.

Human activities that create pollution and affect environment

Pollution has disturbed the ecosystem to much extent. Ecosystem chain has been adversely affected by climate change. Depletion ozone layer – ozone layer prevent entry of harmful sun radiation to the earth. But toxic gases like carbon tetrachloride and methyl chloroform is leading its depletion.

Various examples in both world and India

Almost 90% of world population lives in areas where level of contaminated gases and fine particles have exceeded the limit according to WHO. Worldwide an estimated 6.5 million deaths (11.6 per cent of the total) were associated with indoor and outdoor air pollution in 2012, according to the WHO.

India is developing economy of the world and is growing rapid in recent years. With these recent developments of infrastructure, industrialization has increased pollution revelation the rise of toxicity in air and water. Many parts of India have witnessed acid rain making lad barren for further use. approx.25% of global deaths attributes to hazardous particulate present in the air.

https://www.lifegate.com/people/news/air-pollution-in-india

Messi expected to leave Barcelona by the End of 2021.

The poor run of Barcelona has resulted in many controversies since the start of la liga and the Barcelona star is unhappy about it and is reportedly fed up of being held responsible all the time.

Lionel Messi is expected to leave Barcelona at the end of next season, according to one report in Spain, with the club’s all time top scorer fed up with the ‘lack of a winning project.’

The club’s all time top scorer’s contract is set to expire next year but he was initially expected to sign a new deal that would keep him at the club until at least 2023.

However, according to Cadena Ser, the player has now changed his mind and will instead leave when the deal ends. That’s because of leaks about his life, being blamed for things that aren’t his fault and because of the club’s poorly run state.

Earlier this season Messi, and the players as a whole, were blamed by Eric Abidal for the departure of manager Ernesto Valverde, following the loss to Atletico Madrid in the Spanish Supercopa.

Messi denied that he had anything to do with the decision starting a war of words with the director of football, and his former teammate, Abidal.

Things haven’t got better on the pitch under new manager Quique Setien and it looks increasingly likely that the Catalan giants will miss out on the La Liga title to rivals Real Madrid.

Problems are mounting off the pitch for Barca and they have problems with finances, with players taking wage cuts up to 70% during the break for Covid-19.

Transfers such as Ousmane Dembele, Philippe Coutinho and even Antoine Griezmann haven’t gone according to plan in recent years and the latest move has seen a club who have spent two years trying to bring down the age of their squad swap 23-year-old Arthur for 30-year-old Miralem Pjanic.

In his last few contract agreements it’s been known that the Argentinian has had a clause that has allowed him to leave the club at the end of every season, a clause he hasn’t taken the option on previously.

It’s considered more and more that Messi is carrying the club, something he’s clearly struggling to do this season, and it’s been a worry that the team have been wasting his final great years, that might soon not be their problem.

Let’s see if the Barcelona star takes up a new challenge in his footballing career or stays loyal to Barcelona till the end of his career.

How to Detach Yourself from Someone Who Distresses You

Do you sometimes wonder the way to detach yourself from someone who causes you to feel distressed and uncomfortable?

We often need to affect people that cause us stress. These might be strangers, but they will even be close people, whom we love.

Attachment to folks that creates stress in your life isn’t good for your physical, emotional and psychological state .

There are people that only speak of their troubles and problems and suck the energy of the people around them. they’re often focused on themselves, and aren’t really curious about people . it’s tiring and exhausting to be around such people.

These people might be your coworkers, neighbors, friends or family. the simplest thing for you to try to to , if this is often possible, is to stay a distance from them. you furthermore may got to detach yourself from people who create stress, distress and anxiety, and who suck you energy and cause you to feel exhausted.

What Does Attachment Do to You?
Too much attachment causes you to susceptible to other people’s moods and state of mind. If these people are positive, the connection could be helpful, but if they’re negative and therefore the complaining type, there could be problems for you.

Too much attachment to negative people leaves the door open for his or her worries, anxieties, fears and complaints to enter your mind and affect you adversely.
In this situation, you permit their worries, anxieties, fears and problems to affect how you think that and feel.
You allow their thoughts and emotions to soak into your subconscious and affect you.
You allow negativity, distress and bad feelings into your life.
You lose your emotional and mental freedom.
You worry an excessive amount of about matters that don’t concern you.
You allow people to control you emotionally and mentally.
The more you’re attached to someone, the more worried you’ll get around losing him or her. you would possibly call this type of behavior love, but it’s not love, it’s attachment, fear, and lack of independence.
If you get aside from someone to whom you’re attached, you would possibly get depressed.
Detach Yourself from people that cause you to Feel Stressed
You might be attached to your job, career, and therefore the people on the brink of you. However, this attachment is usually against your best interests, and sometimes , might hurt you. you would like to form a change in your life, strive to be less attached to anything that causes you pain and unhappiness.

When within the company of stressful people, who cause you to feel stressed, emotionally agitated and unhappy, just leave and get away .

What do you have to do if you can’t just leave and go away?

What if you can’t leave your job or prevent from certain people, and you’ve got to continue being around them? Sometimes, the people closest you’re those you disturb your inner peace.

In these situations, you would like to find out to display a particular degree of emotional detachment.

What Is Emotional Detachment and Why you would like It
Emotional detachment doesn’t mean abandoning .
Detaching yourself from people doesn’t mean abandoning on them.
Detaching yourself from someone doesn’t mean breaking communication and becoming and uncaring and inconsiderate.
Detaching yourself from someone means protecting your mental and emotional health, staying calm and poised, and not allowing negative thoughts and feelings to affect your state of mind, attitude or actions.

You can be loving and considerate, and yet detach yourself from the negative emotions and negative thoughts that somebody projects.

The detachment process doesn’t mean ending relations, abandoning goals, or abstaining from the items you’re keen on to try to to .

Emotional detachment is that the skill of remaining calm and poised in stressful and difficult situations, avoiding stress and worries, and not allowing the strain , worries, and anxieties of people to agitate your mind and emotions and affect you adversely.

Attachment and detachment apply not just to people, but also to things and possessions. Enjoy what you’ve got , be grateful for what you’ve got , but if you lose anything or something breaks down, stay calm and advance . this is often detachment.

Feeling okay if you lose something, and happening together with your life, saves you tons of heartache, pain and unhappiness.

Detaching yourself mentally and emotionally from anything that limits you or creates stress, distress and unhappiness will bring freedom, lightness and happiness into your life.

Attachment causes you to feel weak, helpless and worried. Detachment causes you to feel strong, confident, invulnerable and happy.

How to Detach Yourself from Someone Who Creates Stress
How does one detach yourself from someone who features a bad influence on you, and who causes you to feel stressed and unhappy? Here are a couple of simple suggestions:

Find a couple of minutes a day to believe the bad effect stressful people wear you.
believe what these people’s words and emotions do to you, and the way they affect your mind, emotions and behavior. If you’re not satisfied with things , you would like to try to to something about it.
Think and picture how you’d feel if you’ll stay calm and poised, not suffering from the strain , anxiety and strain they’re causing you.
Think and plan what you’ll do to avoid being suffering from them. Maybe you’ll stand back from them, not hear their words, or change the conversation.
When in stressful situations, take a couple of deep breaths, and when possible, drink a category of water.
Another useful strategy is to start out brooding about something pleasant and funny, so you divert your attention from what you’re hearing.

5 Best Books to Read

Books are the best companions that anyone can have in their life. It does not only help us gain knowledge but it also contributes to the growth of human beings as part of a dialectical and gradual process. Reading books helps us in several ways. It helps us explore different domains that go beyond that typical physical reality. It helps us escape from the mundane world and enjoy peacefulness and calmness that eventually helps us attain mental peace and harmony. If you are one of those people who grab a book whenever they feel low or they just want to experience a glimpse of the parallel universe made out of imagination, then this article is for you. Take a quick look at the list of 5 best books that help us grow.

1. The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho

It is one of those books that will give you an overall impression of the experiences of exploration. It also inspires human beings to grow further as better versions of themselves. It is a short read yet full of impactful ideas and moral views that takes the readers to a parallel universe and urges them to do better for themselves and for the world.

2. Sapiens by Yuval Noah Harari

This book gives a complete overview of the history of our species from a different perspective that engages the readers throughout their whole process of reading the book and makes them thoughtful about the world along with the creation of the universe.

3.The Art of Thinking Clearly by Rolf Dobelli

This book has a huge contribution in helping people to make proper decisions in their lives. The whole book contains 99 short chapters consisting of the common thinking errors people make and how they affect in a long run. It includes issues like how envy and social distortions affeceffect human behaviour and how they can be changed for good.

4. Think and Grow Rich by Nepolion Hill

This book is one of the most remarkable self-improvement and self-assessment books that helps people understand the drawbacks of their characteristics and make proper decisions accordingly. The author has introduced 16 laws that can be applied to achieve success along with 13 principles in order to form a “philosophy of achievement”.

5. Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe

This novel is a seminal African narrative that portrays the gradual yet effective process through which the African continent had been colonized by the Europeans during the late 19th century. Through the description of a few characters this novel depicts a larger picture of colonialism that is not only confined in Africa but it also represents the reality of all the third world colonized countries in a wider manner. Everyone should at least have a minimum amount of knowledge regarding how colonialism as a dialectical process had taken over almost the whole world and this book can be the absolute representative of the colonial picture that the colonized nations had to face over ages.

Needless to mention, everyone should go about reading according to their own choice and wish but these are some of the books that should take place in each and every book shelf across the globe for they represent the world in a better way and help human beings grow and evolve in a better manner.

-Suvasree Bandyopadhyay

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