Author: vaishnavikalaskar

World War II

World War II was a war globally fought between many world countries that formed two military alliances – Allies and Axis Powers. This war lasted between 1939-1945. More than 30 countries had participated involving around 100 personnel. World War II was the deadliest of wars. Countries had strategically used military resources and bombing strategies to conquer. Nuclear weapons used during this war still haunts the country that was a victim of such inhuman act to destroy humanity. Millions of people had died as a result of genocides, outbreak of dangerous diseases, starvation, large massacres.

This war is said to gave generally started on 1st September 1939, when Adolf Hitler of Nazi Germany captured Poland. The United Kingdom and France had declared war on Germany. Germany had control over Europe countries and decided to join Italy and Japan, forming Axis Alliance. In mid-1940’s, France had failed and was falling, while campaigns were run in North Africa and East Africa. So, the war then continued between the Axis power and United Kingdom.

Nazi Germany went on to conquer Soviet Union opening the Eastern Front. This strategy trapped the Axis Power. Japan aimed to capture most parts of Asia and the Pacific. But it in a state of war with Republic of China in 1937. In 1941, Japan attacked America and British territories.  It even tried to capture Central Pacific and Southeast Asia. US declared war on Japan after it attacked on the US fleet at Pearl Harbor. Germany and Italy were defeated. Germans were being defeated with on Eastern Front. Western allies captured and occupied Germany and France. Soviet Union reacquired it territories. Germans had occupied European countries but with Hitler’s death the Germans had surrendered. A statement called Potsdam Declaration, stated surrender of Japanese military forces was refused to sign by Japan. USA dropped nuclear bomb on Hiroshika on 6th August and Nagasaki on 9th August that was today. The fear of more nuclear bombings and Soviet Union invasion, Japan signed document of surrender. France, China, United Kingdom, United States and Soviet Union had become victorious. At the end, USA and Soviet Union had become major powers to influence countries around the world.

World War II proved to be devastating with millions of deaths around the world.  Adolf Hitler was responsible for Holocaust that killed more than 6 million people. Policies of Hitler were against Jews that involved mass killing. Ukrainians and Russians were also mercilessly killed. Biological and chemical weapons were tested against innocent people and the prisoners by Germans and Japanese. Germans had captured young children and deported to Auschwitz. They forced to labor and were medically experimented. Germans occupied millions of Europeans and slaved them in German industry. Japan had camps of prisoners of wars that were mainly used as labor camp. Nuclear bombings in Japan were the worst of all. The fatality of the bombings still haunts Japanese people affecting the young generation through physical disability. Asia witnessed greater than 10 million killings. Nanking Massacre killed thousands of Chinese civilians. They were raped and murdered.

World War caused tremendous life and property destruction. Economies of various countries had failed to provide for the civilians due to enormous financial loss. This war showcased pure hatred towards innocent civilians.

Google Doodle Honors Sarla Thukral On Her 107th Birthday

The first Indian woman to fly an aircraft was Sarla Thukral. She was born on 8th August, 1914. She was only 21 when she earned her aviation pilot license in 1936. After earning aviation pilot license, she worked hard and completed 1000 hours of flying owned by Lahore Flying Club. She married at the age of 16 to P.D. Sharma. Her husband came from a family which had nine pilots. He encouraged her to pursue her flying dream. She was also the first woman to receive ‘A’ license. Her husband was the first Indian to get airmail pilot’s license. She flew between Lahore and Karachi. He constantly supported, including her father-in-law who enrolled her in flying club She had a four-year-old daughter and in spite of that she went on to become an incredible pilot. When she completed her required 1000 flying hours and even more; her instructor made her fly solo.

One of the interesting facts of Sarla Thukral is that she flew aircrafts in a saree. She entered the cockpit of a Gypsy Moth in a saree in aviation that was mainly dominated by men. She made history by becoming India’s first pilot. She was working to get ‘B’ license to get authorization to fly a commercial flight. But unfortunately, World War 11 had started and training was suspended. She had gone through immense pain of losing a husband at the age of 24. In 1939, her husband passed away in a plane crash in Jodhpur, after which she decided to give up on her dream of becoming a commercial pilot. After giving up, she had to stay strong and work for a livelihood as she had daughters to raise. She returned to Lahore and started attending Mayo School of Art. She trained in Bengal school of painting, where she earned diploma in fine arts. She succeeded in painting as well and established as an incredible painter. She

She was devoted follower of Arya Samaj. In this community, Vedas were spiritually followed. This Samaj allowed remarriage. She moved back to Delhi with her two daughters. She met R.P. Thukral and married him in 1948.  She created her own life by becoming a successful entrepreneur. She made jewelries and designed sarees. She even made paintings and designed costume jewelry for National School of Drama. Vijaya Laxmi Pandit was one of her clients. Her jewelries were not only worn by great figures, but was supplied to Cottage Emporium for 15 years. After that, she started creating designs for the drama school. She once said in an interview that she plans out her day as soon as she wakes up in the morning. She feels happy to work rather than wasting a precious day. She believes that you should be happy and cheerful. This mantra has helped her through various crisis in life. She died on 15th March, 2008.

She was an inspiring woman to all those who once dreamt of flying above the clouds. She embraced her ethnicity and achieved what most feared to achieve during that time. Today, Google honors her pilots on her birth anniversary for the courage and determination she showed that paved a way for future women pilots.

Role Of Social Media In Transforming Tourism Marketing

When social media sites had flourished with millions of users, it was confined to connecting with friends and family only. With increased popularity of social media, businesses received an opportunity to expand their products and services on online platforms as a newfound marketing source. Earlier, the technology being unknown, fear of investing in social media had taken over most businesses, even large operating hotels. Soon, realizing how cheaper and effective it is, marketing strategies were beyond newspapers and mouth publicity. Hotels and restaurants are able to set up websites and create profiles of their business. It is proven to be the best and effective source of marketing, especially for new and upcoming businesses.

Travel agencies were popularly hired to plan trips or book hotels. Since, they had connections with the hotels and other tourist visiting places, they were tremendously hired. There was no other way to contact them without these agents. Now, profiles can be created that allows customers to book rooms according to their likings and avail discounts, if applicable. When visiting a new state or a country, many times you are unaware of the good restaurants or restaurants that serve your preferred cuisine, in that case finding restaurants around your location is one search away.

Travelers before the beginning of social media era were naïve. They were not aware about the deals or ratings. Research could not be done before visiting due to lack of resources to find out about the popularity or prices of the hotels and restaurants. Consumers can know the quality of the food served or services provided through the ratings under each business. Ratings can also be posted by you if you like or dislike the services. Ratings have a range of factors on which you can rate, such as food quality, ambience, prices. Concept of ratings encourage businesses to improve their quality and services. It is a huge platform to promote businesses through ratings and comments by the actual visitors.

Consumers expect great services with cheaper prices, delivering such requirements creates a difference in overall marketing. Media has immense power to either uplift your business or downgrade it to ‘Should not be visited’ status. Offering expected services on time and encouraging a feedback from the customers leaves a lasting impression without evidently provoking a bad review.

Online travel sites are being chosen over physically operating travel agencies. Such travel agencies have minimum expenses and huge profits due to affordable deals provided to attract customers. Seeing low-cost deals persuades customers to choose them as agents. Such agencies with little operating maintenance have substituted other travel agencies.

Promotion of travel and tourism on social media sites like Instagram, Facebook has supported nations from around the world to draw tourist and elevate growth of tourism and hospitality. In India, every state has its own tourism campaign run on social media platforms through films and pictures. During recent times, tourism had faced a fatal downfall because of Coronavirus. Many businesses were shut down by the massive hit of Covid-19. With improved conditions, tourism sector is gradually recovering. With the help of social media, tourism sector will recover faster and better.

Fast Fashion Vs Slow Fashion

Today’s fashion is derived by material and methods that have opposite reaction to environment. Fast fashion concentrates on production of cheap, quick and trendy clothing. Garments that are fresh and highly demanded are massively produced that have social and environmental impact. To ward off irrevocable environmental damage, slow fashion is taking on the fashion industry. Slow fashion is quality based, while fast fashion is time focused. Movements have been run to protect people and planet by spreading awareness about the growing sustainable clothing concept and how eco-friendly production of slow fashion is. Brands these days are reinforcing materials that were out of trend with the proven fact of being planet friendly.

Slow fashion aims to regulate textile waste with slower and smaller production. Clothing under fast fashion is recycled withing a year or two but slow clothing production prevents regular recycling and ensures sustainable clothes with zero-waste designs.

Fast fashion had been acquired to provide to accelerating fashion desires and meet shooting trends. Fashion shows showcase seasonal collections that brands tend to launch. The hype generated through these shows influence quick and faster production with fabrics and methods that superfluously pollute landfills.

One of the prominent reasons, fast fashion is favoured over sustainable fashion is because of its ability to create highly intricate designs and looks. Slow fashion on the other hand does not chase trends and complex looks. It creates designs that would last and encourage minimal wastage.

Why fast fashion is being slowly replaced by slow fashion?

Pollution is a major problem caused by toxics released while producing fast fashion clothes. Fertilizers that are used have heavily contaminated water leading to water pollution.

Recent studies have stated that to produce 1kg of cotton, 20,000 liters of water is used. Resources are already scarce and producing such garments are pushing resources to terrible extent.

Water consumption is so extreme that it’s exceeding the limit of daily consumption of the whole population.

Synthetic Fibers like polyester and plastic are included that are not environmentally safe like linen. Such fibers are considered as danger to the planet.

Clothes are recycled or donated which directly are dumped into the landfills. The fibers used are non-biodegradable that result to be toxic waste polluting land.

Microfibers released into the water are swallowed by aquatic animals. Millions of plastic microfibers are claimed to float in the air simply by washing of clothes.

Few traits of slow fashion that sets it apart from fast fashion –

  1. Quality clothes with use of sustainable fabrics like linen.
  2. Lesser time required
  3. Prevents excessive production
  4. Clothes are locally produced and sold.
  5. Few seasonal collections

Slow fashion has flipped the usual consumer consumption and behavioral pattern. Intensive production is discouraged through slow fashion movement. Increased awareness through this movement has inspired people to support it and implement use of sustainable clothes as much as possible.

Slow fashion is often considered similar to sustainable fashion. Sustainable fashion is related to environment and capturing unethical fashion practices towards environment. Slow fashion tackles consumer fashion habits to improve deteriorating environmental conditions.

Slow fashion movement is set to change world of fashion and promote safe and holistic advancement towards modern fashion. Getting people to voice against excruciating impact of fast fashion is the motive of the movement. Betterment of the planet is placed first than fashion to save a beautiful earth for the future. If you feel the same then you must support this movement.

Market Failure – Causes and Solutions

What is Market Failure?

Market failure is an economic situation that arises due to inefficient distribution of goods and services in the free market. Individual decisions can prove to be correct but may not support a particular group. Rational individual interests produce inefficient economic outcomes. Prices of goods and services is determined by supply and demand. When quantity supplied of goods and services is not equal to quantity demanded, market failures take place. Market failure may affect the free market are monopoly power, government regulations, prices and minimum wages.

Causes of Market Failure

Market failure can occur due to many reasons.
  1. Public Goods
Public goods are those goods that can be consumed by a large number of people and the cost of such goods remain the same even with increase in the consumers. Features of public goods include non-excludability and non-rivalrous. Non-excludability means that even if a person does not pay for the services or goods provided that person will not be excluded from consuming it. It is non-rivalrous as these goods are consumed by entire population efficiently and never diminishes. Like police services or national defense services are available to people throughout even if they don’t pay taxes. Since, consumers continue to use public goods without paying for it, it results in market failure.
  1. Externality
It refers to the cost from a transaction that affects a third party. This cost is not borne by the producer but by the individual or society as a whole. Externality can be positive or negative. Positive externality positively affects the third party like providing education or conducting a survey or research. However, negative externality refers to negative impact on the third part from consumption of a good. For instance, when factories cause air or water pollution diminishes overall health of the people surrounded by it. The cost of pollution is not incurred by the producer. This is negative externality. Negative externalities are commonly found.
  1. Control of Market
Controlling market is when the seller or buyer have the power to determine the prices of goods and services in the market. This market control is possible in case of oligopoly (few sellers) as well as monopoly (single seller). Sellers can increase the prices of commodities and control the quality of it, which may lead to scarcity. When the power is in the hands of the buyers, buyers will dominate by accepting the price at which they are willing to buy not the producer’s said price. This leads to unequal supply of goods and demand.
  1. Lack of Proper Information
When buyers and seller have incomplete or improper information, market does function well. If buyers have incomplete information, they might end up buying goods at higher or lower prices. If sellers have sparse knowledge, then might be willing accept a lower or higher prices than the actual production cost.

How can market failure be eliminated?

Market failure can be prevented by government intervention. Imposing strict rules and regulations is an ideal solution. For instance, unethical behavior like selling drugs or alcohol to underage kids can be controlled by implementing legislation. Even when businesses sell goods or services that cause harm to the consumers, high taxes can be imposed on such goods to avoid consumption. This way the individual consuming it as well as the society is protected from harmful effects of it. Subsidies on consumption of goods will encourage businesses to produce goods and will promote positive externality.

East India Company

East India Company also known as Honorable East India Company or East Trading Company was an English stock company founded in 1600. This company was formed to trade in Indian region and then later in other Asian parts. East India Company had dominated trade in large Indian subcontinent, parts of Hong Kong and southeast Asia.

This company was responsible for half of world’s trades in 1700s and 1800’s. They traded primarily in goods that included silk, cotton, spices, tea, sugar and many others. Later, it went onto rule India which led to the beginning of British Empire.

Company initially started to trade in eastern part of India and gradually began to conquer various parts of India with advanced military defense. In 1757, was the start of British rule.

Origin Of East India Company

Francis Drake in 1577 went on an expedition to Spanish in search of gold and silver. He sailed through Pacific Ocean which was discovered only by Spanish and Portuguese. Sailing across East Indies, he came across the spice island known as Moluccas. When he met Sultan Babullah of that island, in exchange of gold and silver, he got cloves and nutmeg. British did not understand the value of these spices and how much that could benefit them. This idea was celebrated by English people.

Spanish and Portuguese were defeated and their ships were captured to travel the world. To sail around the Indian Ocean, Queen Elizabeth I had given permission. The objective behind the sail around Indian Ocean was to gain monopoly in Eastern Trade that was acquired by Spanish and Portuguese for a long time. Portuguese sailing ship, Madre de Dues was captured. The ship had cargo consisted of cloth, pepper, cloves, gold, silver, jewels, pearls, nutmeg, dye and cinnamon. The ship had hidden information of trades of India, Japan and China.  Ships sailed east could not be found but a year after Ralph Filtch, a merchant had returned back after a fifteen-year long expedition. He had travelled across Indian Ocean, Mesopotamia, Southeast Asia and Persian Gulf. Since, he had known so much about Indian Subcontinent, he was consulted on Indian affairs. He gave entire information to James Lancaster, who commanded first East India Company voyage.

Formation and Expansion

On 22nd September, 1599, a large group of merchants ventured on to East Indies. The first adventure was not a success, they still went on a second adventure a year later and this adventure was successful. East India Company was formed on 31st December, 1600 with the success of second adventure. This trading company was governed by one governor and 24 directors. These directors had to report to the Court of Proprietors.

Western part of India was majorly traded by Portuguese. Goa and Bombay were the operational bases. East India Company attacked trading operations in China and created trading power. Bombay was given in form of dowry to Company by Portuguese when King Charles II married to Catherine of Braganza. Company expanded their trading bases to Surat, Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. They had 23 factories in India of cotton, silk, tea and dye. With growing trade in India, they soon gained power over Indian states by defeating the Dutch and Portuguese. They created an overall power over India and other neighboring parts. In India, the company was abolished by the government and taken over by the Crown in 1858.

Raigad Fort

Raigard fort is the strongest fort situated in Raigad district of Maharashtra. Raigad was built by Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and later turned into the capital of Maratha Empire after he was crowned the king. The fort was named Rairi by Chandraraoji More. It was then expanded and refurbished into a huge and strong fort. Shivaji Maharaj renamed it Raigad. Raigad and the villages surrounding it were considered extremely important. Panchad village lies beneath the fort is the start to the climb of Raigad. When Raigad was captured by Aurangzeb, he named it as Islamgad. But the name was for short period until Maratha Empire recaptured it.

Raigad is well-engineered and strong. The chief architect of Raigad Hiroji Indulkar. It was mainly built of wood. The main palace contains a queens chamber, six other chambers with private restrooms. Raigad fort has ruins of a market that was convenient for the horse riders. Maha Darwaja is the only way pathway to the fort. This Darwaja used to be closed after sunsets. Bastions on the sides of the door are huge to about 60-70 feet in height. An artificial lake called Ganga Sagar Lake can be seen from the fort. Mena Darwaja was the second entrance which was private for the women in the fort. This entrance was lead to the queens chamber. Palkhi Darwaja was used by the king and the guards. It is believed that there were granaries.

The fort also has an execution place Takmak Tok. It is a cliff where the prisoners pushed off for wrongdoings. Where the market was situated, statue of Shivaji Maharaj was built followed by Jadhishwar Mandir, temple in devotion to Lord Jadhishwar and his own Samadhi and Waghya’s, his dog. Samadhi of Jijabai, Shivaji Maharaj’s mother is is placed in the village of Panchad. Other tourist attraction can be seen in Raigad like Nane Darwaja, Hatti Talav. Raigad is a popular tourist spot because of its spectacular view of Sahyadri Hills.

Story of Harkini is well known, even today. A film was made based on her story. The importance of this name in Maratha Empire is her courage and unconditional mother’s love. Hirkini was a woman from a nearby village who used to come to sell milk. Gates used to close after sunset and one day was locked inside the fort. She heard her son cry after dusk she could not resist herself and climbed the dangerous cliff for her child. She was awarded by Shivaji Maharaj after he saw repeat the same feat. This award was in honor of her courage and bravery that she showed. To climb a steep cliff like the one of Raigad fort was not easy. She could not have done it if it wasn’t for the sake her liitle one.

The strong Raigad fort was destroyed by cannons in 1818. This fort was later handed over to the British East India Company on 9th May, 1818. Though, the structure may not be of the same sound but the history of courage of Martha Empire is reflected in its tall standing. It is a must visit to Raigad to witness the authenticity of the rich empire.

What Is Thrifting?

If you have never heard of thrifting and you wonder what it means, then thrifting simply means to shop at a flea market or at a thrift store where you get discounted items. Those who thrift shop love it cause items sold are at a good shape and can be purchased at a very lower price.

What is the difference between thrift store and retail store?

Thrift stores have goods that may not be brand new but they are surely in good conditions. Items already being partially used are sold in these stores at discounted prices. Retail stores on the hand sell unused goods similar to thrifted goods but with much higher price.

Thrift stores sell goods that are not from the current season and are vintage. Goods that you mean to own have to be hunted in flea markets or thrift store. Whatever you see at lower price you can purchase. Best part about thrifting is that you never know what you might find. You might end up getting the most affordable deal on an amazing item.

Retail stores have expensive products but if someone who follows particular season clothing can find them at retail stores and not thrift stores. Original brands are sold on these stores.

Why do thrift stores excite people so much?

Thrift stores are exciting and attractive. These stores don’t necessarily have clothes in-season but have clothing that create a creative personal style for someone seeking a trendy transformation. Thrift stores are owned by creative people who redesign fashion into trendy and affordable clothing. Clothes may not have a brand tag but are equally fashionable.

Thrifting isn’t entirely clothing related. Collectible items like vintage vases or paintings or jewelry are available that may have been used before but enhance aesthetics of your home. Old books that aren’t readily available can be unexpectedly found here. It’s also a great place to buy a totally unique item that you never discovered before. You get a wonderful opportunity to add these special items to your collection with absolute marginal price.

What type of items can you find in thrift stores?

You will find items like shoes, handbags, wallets, clothes, furniture, jewelry, household goods, kitchen supplies. Thrift stores have pretty similar products to what you get in any retail store.

Why should you choose thrifting?

Experimentation helps you understand what suits you and what doesn’t. Investing in clothes bought at thrift store allows you to experiment with your clothes without spending a huge amount on them.

Trendy clothes are found that sometimes you may not find in retail stores. They are not typically from famous brands but are of good quality.

Items that you find here will be quite different from the others. You are not likely to find a twin in public. You will stand out as clothes you own will be something that others may not find that easily.

Vintage clothes, bags, leather shoes are considered to be the new definition of fashion. To own such clothes that set you apart from the rest of the world is the beauty of thrift stores. Also, competition among brands that you see completely disappear in the case of thrift store.

Furniture items like cushions, bedspreads, glasses, dishes, curtains, mats, baking pans, mirrors and such other items are easily available in these stores with affordable prices.

Since, you spend very little on thrifted goods getting rid of those goods is possible. Unnecessary hoarding of goods can be avoided. If you buy clothes but they don’t fit you after a few days or months, then you can donate them as you haven’t spent that much.

Lastly, thrifting provides support to community. A lot of thrift stores donate a substantial amount to the charities. You can donate as well to be part of it.

Conclusion

Thrifting is an attractive concept that has been adopted in foreign countries but not so much in India. Nevertheless, thrifting is rising in cities like Mumbai and Delhi. It is an affordable solution to fast fashion. Online thrifting is significantly gaining popularity on social media platforms. Younger generation seems to be fascinated by this growing concept. It can potentially be the next big thing to dominate Indian fashion.

7 Foods For A Glowing Skin

Everyone’s dream is to have a radiant skin. A glowing skin free from acne and oiliness. Dry skin can make you look dull and tired. To look fresh and bright, proper care of skin should be taken. Products are available that can make you look your best but its temporary. Ayurveda claims that there healthy foods that can make you look long-lasting beautiful.

Nutritious diet is the secret to healthy skin. Unhealthy foods can affect your metabolism resulting in weight gain leading to certain health problems.

Here are a list of healthy foods to eat everyday for a glowing skin.

  1. Avocados

Avocados are extremely healthy to include in your everyday diet. Vitamin C is recommended to look after for a healthy skin. These days lack of Vitamin C has caused skin to turn dry and rough due to limited production of collagen that is the main protein required for right functioning of skin. Even, aging is stopped with proper intake of Vitamin C.

Usually, UV rays damage a healthy skin. These rays can cause early aging and wrinkles. To avoid premature aging of skin, avocados are the best option.

Vitamin E is equally essential for glowing skin. It is a good antioxidant that protects skin from excessive damage at an early age.

2. Broccoli

Skin requires right amount of vitamin A, vitamin C, minerals. Dryness and wrinkles are a common problem women suffer from. Eating broccoli can prevent these skin problems. The content in Broccoli protects skin from oxidative damage. Broccoli is effective in avoiding skin cancer issues as it contains sulforaphane. It also protects from sunburn.

3. Walnuts

Walnuts are a good source of fatty acids. Fatty acids are not made by body. In case of increased omega-3, fatty acids prevent inflammatory response to it. Walnuts provide antioxidants like vitamin E which is must for healthy skin. Walnuts are high in other nutrients as well that is needed for healthy function of skin.

4. Sunflower Seeds

Seeds are highly nutritious, especially for skin. Sunflower seeds are packed with vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc and proteins. These seeds are rich in nutrients that are essential for skin.

5. Green Tea

Green tea is a type of tea that is best among all the others. Sun damaging can severe as days go by. Green tea nourishes the damaged red skin and soothes body. Green tea is natural moisturizer to rough and dry skin. Green tea is a great option to ensure a healthy and radiant skin.

6. Tomato

Vitamin C is excessively provided by tomatoes, which becomes great protection to skin from wrinkles and aging. It contains carotenoids that maintains skin. Tomatoes can also applied to skin as a face mask for natural glowing skin.

7. Sweet Potatoes

Beta Carotene is a natural source that acts as a sunscreen. Sun makes your skin dry and rough causing cell damage. Sweet Potatoes contain beta carotene that efficiently protects your skin from UV rays. For a healthier skin, sweet potato is an excellent food choice.

Including the above foods in your diet will surely work a miracle on your skin. Glowing skin is now just few steps away with these amazing and affordable foods.

Indian Female Athletes And Their Contribution To Sports

Women athletes had constantly struggled to create space for themselves in Indian sports. People had doubts about women’s performance and did not think they had what it took to compete in sports. They were considered weak and too emotional to survive the rough play. Though, women had been part of sports for a long time, lack of motivation and trust in them took time to make a mark and reinforce the lost confidence. Women are born to cook and have family was the belief of the society, but they defied all odds and changed history of sports with striking sporting skills. Now, female athletes have made India proud in various international games and their passion has inspired every girl out there to believe in her dreams and work hard to achieve them.

Here are a few Indian female athletes who have made India proud on international platforms.

  1. Mary Kom (Boxing)

Boxing is a career that was believed to be meant for men and not women. Female boxing was not considered a viable sport to be played and was discouraged by people. However, Mary proved them wrong and kept working to be the boxer she aspired to become. She had her own struggles but strived to the best that she is now. She overcame all the obstacles that pulled her from reaching the level that is unattainable to come near to even for the greatest boxers. Winning a medal in each of the six World Championships, she has set an astounding record despite being a wife and a mother of three children. Also, Mary is the first Indian female boxer to win gold in Asian Games. She could not qualify further in Olympics but her achievements are inspirational.

2. Saina Nehwal (Badminton)

Saina is the first Indian female badminton player to win Olympics medal. She is a true inspiration to young girls who aspire to be badminton player. She won prestigious awards like Arjuna Award, Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan. She was the first female to be raked no. 1 in the world.

3. Geeta Phogat (Wrestling)

Geeta Phogat in wrestling stunned everyone with remarkable performance. She wrestled her way through gold medal in Commonwealth Games. She is not the only Phogat known to incredibly represent the country but her sisters as well are equally bringing pride to Indians. Geeta and her sisters sacrificed a lot to be who they are now. Moreover, she was the first Female Indian Boxer to qualify Summer Olympics.

4. P V Sindhu (Badminton)

PV Sindhu at a very young age achieved magnificent things that made her India’s favorite badminton player. She was the first Indian woman to win a silver medal in Olympics at only 21 years of age. With her precision and skills she has now entered semi-finals in Tokyo Olympics and will be seen in action today.

5. Sakshi Malik (Wrestling)

Rio Olympics, 2016 turned to be the time when a talent like Sakshi Malik had become inspiration by winning first Olympic medal in wrestling. She started wrestling at a young age and her hard work payed off by achieving third place with supreme talent.

6. Deepika Kumari (Archery)

An inspiring woman who is praised for her excellence in archery and rewarded with numerous titles. Her achievements in archery are exceptional. She was ranked world’s no. 1 female archer. She could not make it through Quarter-finals but we can expect to see a lot of extraordinary performance in future games.

7. Rani Rampal (Hockey)

At the age of 15, she wonderfully represented India at the World Cup. She was awarded Khel Ratna and Padma Shri in the year 2020. Her contribution to Indian hockey paved her way to becoming captain of the team. Rani is successfully leading hockey team this year in Tokyo Olympics.

People were tough on them but they fought for themselves and for all those girls who were prevented to dream. They carved a way for women to strive against stereotypes. We are proud of you!

How Movies Influence Our Societies?

In these uncertain times, people have been searching for unique ways to entertain themselves. They want to keep their minds off of devastating situation they are surrounded by. What’s better than movies? The power videos hold to influence people is beyond one’s imagination. Over the years, movies and shows have transformed peoples life’s in different ways and changed obsolete perspectives of society regarding women, education and basic living. They bring you joy, wonder and force you to question inconspicuous things that were effortlessly ignored. History of films way go back in the 60’s and the transition that you see till this date is incredible. What make these directed videos so irresistible that today’s generation drowns itself into series of it?

This article will explore ways in which film art has inspired modern society.

Movies have inspired millions through its unique story writing. The best part about movies is that it reflects the world you are currently breathing in. When you see the same world you see everyday in a movie, resonating those characters with people you come across everyday catches your attention. You realize that what you see on screen is pretty similar to what you experience everyday. Once you relate yourself to it, having to implement that in your real life is easy.

Watching a crime film alerts you to protect yourself from dangerous criminal activities or fraud or terrorism. A few movies have plots that are realistic and true. Such movies open your eyes to see the real world and share the true life through portrayal of struggles and adverse living. Slumdog millionaire featured life of slum and poverty, which is true and widely exists around the without being noticed. This way people who have never gone through it empathize with it.

Culture is an integral part of our community. A movie is designed in a way to portray culture of certain communities to the world. It can predominantly focus on specific culture or could be a contrast. Each culture has beliefs and values that others may be unfamiliar with but that’s what a movie does; it unites people of different cultures to understand and respect diversity. Shaping cultures through movies has become key objective of films.

Historical movies develop curiosity to know about history and how life was before. Movies based famous personalities and their lasting contribution towards the society influences everyone to devote themselves to the betterment of the country and humanity. War movies help us realize that violence has destroyed innocent lives and how we are responsible for our own country. Children find it easy to remember through movies than books.

Women had been oppressed over the years and were not given basic rights. Movies on woman’s education and rights have questioned communities and their treatment towards women. Women empowerment movies have given strength to women to fight for themselves.

Movies can have negative impact, especially on children. Criminal movies have tampered with children’s minds and opinions. The act of crime and dishonesty has been glorified in the movies making lying cool and something to strive for. Content based on drugs have mislead basic understanding of crime and its consequences that can ambush you in a circle of destructive money and fame.

Movies can be life changing. They can create your life or can radically destroy it. Choose movies wisely to protect children from corrupt movies that could damage their innocent minds.

Culture And Economics

Culture has been mainly studied as an aspect that determines individual and society’s beliefs. Influence culture has on a society has impacted economic and social outcomes. However, lack of research on this relation has provided with limited explanation on how it might have been interlinked for more than decades being oblivious. Upbringing of a child has a significant influence on economic decisions like education, health and job. The atmosphere or people you grow up with teach you to lead a certain a life and make decisions that are suitable to your culture. Academic researches are more based on popular factors such as income and employments; culture has not been been given equal salience. Culture and economics may not have a wide presence but it certainly has been influencing each other.

Social problems most of the countries grapple with are inequality and fragmentation. Inequality in terms of education has resulted in lack of skills and education among the poor. Income produced by uneducated has been very small than those who possess the necessary education. Again, this shapes a unique outcome for those struggling with these issues. Their economic choices are based on such factors. The outcomes of discriminated class are confined to the social issues they have been relentlessly facing. The gulf between the social classes causing an economic gap has been observed and this issue of social fragmentation has been influential. Social mobility varies from place to place. Every place has a specific culture determining its economic affairs. Social mobility is a not a consequence of the policies executed but has to do with the culture of a place. Culture of poor and racial difference has the maximum control on the economic condition than the policies.

Each community devotes itself to religious affirmations that dominates a person’s social beliefs. A loyal follower of religion has been termed as the happiest and morally sound due to its economic choices. Engagement of religion shapes economic well-being of people. The influence religious institutions have on the basic economics decisions related to food, clothing or shelter is deep.

Growing up in a poor family or rich family creates a gap that molds your economic outcomes. When being associated with poor culture during childhood where you closely see financial uncertainty or unforeseen circumstances as a result of uneducated family, you are less likely to engage with your family and fight to overcome poverty. Rich parents work for a better education and social experiences for their children that guarantees a better future.

Children of wealthier communities tend to have experienced mentors to guide them through. In the case of poor children, they do not have proper guidance or role models. Mentors shape a child’s performance and future that later provides better perspective towards economic decisions.

Your peers or colleagues influence you when you are in school. Having friends from a sophisticated culture or background influence you to be that person. The economic decisions you make are an outcome of the culture you are are around.

Economics is majorly influenced by culture and society. Social discrimination is prevalent in determining economic situations. Discriminated society is the most influenced by such factors. Socio-economic problems due to cultural influence are generating bigger economic problems for the poor.

History Of Olympics

Olympics has been one of the most renowned sporting competitions in the world. Olympics originated around 3,000 years ago in ancient Greece. Games were held in Olympia every four years in honor of Zues god. Modern Olympics arised in Athens in 1896 for the fist time. Olympics was a success with 280 participants from 12 countries. However, last year was an exception due to Covid-19 Pandemic, Olympics could not be conducted in 2020. Olympics are are now currently being held in Tokyo, Japan.

Olympics had been going on for a long time but there were no written records of it. According to the written records, Olympics held in 776 B.C. had its first Olympic champion , who was a cook named Coreobus. He had won the game of meter footrace also called ‘Stade’ during that time. Olympics is known to be founded by son of Zues, Hercales and Alcene. This competition has been a prestigious platform to showcase incredible talent from around the world. In honor of Zues, Olympics were held during 6th August and 19th September. Olympia was a scared location in southern Greece where games were held. Olympics had such an intense influence on people that time of 4 years was being calculated as people were desperately waiting for it. 25-mile marathon was introduced for the first time in Olympics. The route of the marathon was followed by soldiers, who would later inform the news of victory. Spyridon Louis won the first gold medal in this game.

After a few games in Olympics, new games were featured. 400 meter race called ‘Diaulos’ and ‘Dolicho’ that was a longer distance race of 1,500 meters or more races were featured. Long jump, disc throw, javelin throw games were introduced in 708 B.C.. These games were ‘called Pentathlon’ in ancient Greece. Boxing and wrestling with no specific rules was played. Chariot racing in 608 B.C. and in 688 B.C. Boxing had attracted participants to show-off their skills.

Olympics were originally confined to male participation. Unlike now, woman events were not included in the games. Women who were married were prohibited from attending the games.

Though, Olympics were consecutively held every 4 years but could not be held during World War I and World War II. Olympiads have still been numbered according to those years despite the wars.

Olympics were not really played on an international level, but it became a global competition after it was conducted in Paris in 1924. There was a participation from 44 nations including a closing ceremony. Winter Olympics had made its fist appearance in that very year. Games like ice hockey, ice skating were featured. Modern Olympics has an official symbol representing North and South America, Australia, Europe, Africa and Australia continents being a global sporting competition.

When Olympics returned after eight years to Greece in Athens, largest participation seen in the history of Olympics with participation of 11,000 athletes from more than 200 countries. Ancient and modern traditions had merged during Olympics. Shotput games were held in Olympia where initially Olympic games were held.

Digital Marketing

Businesses have used various ways to create awareness about their business and product. Marketing is an activity that has helped businesses to easily survive among a large market. To reach out to people is not an easy task for a new business. Marketing helps them to create a brand among already existing businesses, however marketing before was confined to TV and newspapers advertising. Now, electronic media has been a trend that has successfully attracted millions of people across the world to connect on different platforms. Brands are able to engage with customers on a more personal level. Digital marketing services are being utilized to create awareness about the latest trends and sales information on social media platforms.

What makes this new marketing gimmick widely popular among businesses today? Lets understand how digital services are the most preferred marketing strategies.

  1. Less Costlier

Marketing expenses can be a huge financial burden that a company will have to bear, especially for a growing business. Big companies may not have to go through trouble of marketing cost but new businesses had to think twice before investing in marketing services. Earlier, marketing services were costlier for new businesses, therefore new companies refrained from engaging in traditional marketing. Digital marketing is a similar marketing strategy that offers more affordable services. Its impact is equally powerful as traditional marketing yet less expensive.

2. Helps in Brand Development

These days, a company operating without a significant brand and reputation is less preferred compared to other companies. A brand attracts customers with quality social media website. To build a brand, social media channels feature the quality and recent trend followed by the business.

3. Global Presence

A campaign can be easily made viral among social media users across the world. Digital marketing provides an opportunity to promote a campaign on a global scale. Within a short period of time, digital platform can reach a large crowd by generating publicity. Global recognition is received by a business.

4. Targets specific consumers

Every consumer has a specific preference and according to that preference a campaign can be presented on their social media handles. Consumer preferences can be easily accessed through social media platforms. Only those ads will reach to the people that are interconnected to the previous ads they visited. This way reaching certain customers becomes simple.

5. Huge Returns

Returns on investments determine company’s future capability of investing in digital marketing. Lower returns discourage further investments. Traditional marketing provides variable returns as the reach of this type of marketing was limited to certain platforms. Digital marketing provides substantial return to a company without any heavy cost.

6. Purchasing becomes easier

A website allows a person to buy products online without visiting the store or calling to order. Anybody from anywhere can visit your site and order whatever they want and will be delivered at their doorstep. Digital platforms make purchasing fuss-free.

A business can reach globally without any extra efforts and costs. Brand creation is must for the growth of the business and this brand development can be achieved with global popularity that digital platforms extensively provide.

European Debt Crisis

European debt crisis is a debt crisis that has affected European Union (EU). Many European zone members could not repay government debt that had severe impact on their economies. These states could not prevent macroeconomic imbalances that caused exceeding debt crisis.


Since, European zone stopped foreign investment in the countries, it was difficult for the member states economies to survive due to excessive dependent on foreign countries. Debt-to-equity ratio had also increased which caused intensive borrowing and spending. France and Germany were involved spent more than the limit.

Member states of the Eurozone adopted similar monetary policies and currencies. However, the fiscal policies of each country were different, which encouraged country like Greece to borrow and spend more.


International trade imbalances led to economic problems. The Great Recession of 2008-2012 worsened the fiscal policies that were adopted to control government expenses. Private debt burdened the existing debt. European Central Bank chose that interest rates in Germany were high, whereas interest rate was lower in Southern eurozone. Germany would lend to Southern states. This gave rise to wages and prices and exports had become less competitive. They had to boost their spending capacity to protect people who were unemployed and needed support. They borrowed more and spent more than what they borrowed.


European governance did not structure the policies that were initiated to control growing debts. Fiscal policies were not implemented properly by the government. In Greece, the governments could not handle the situation due to lack of support from the citizens.


Due to rising unemployment, consumers had to reduce their spending. Unemployment increased because of austerity measures like budget cuts, lower spending. These measures did not work in the favor of protecting the nation from expanding debts.


Foreign investments reduced with ascending debts. Investing in a country that is stuck with a pile of debt was not profitable. Lower investments did not encourage job opportunities and growth of the economy
High unemployment, lower wages, shutting down of businesses was the result of the debt crisis. Lack of permanent jobs encouraged people to move to other countries. Adopted policies had reverse effect on the economies. Higher exports and lower imports created even higher debts.

Greece has the highest debts compared to other states. Greek debt crisis originated from heavy spending and borrowing that escalated its overall debt. Improper structure of taxation caused loss of taxes. The debt piled up and Greece was not in a position to pay back all its debt.

This crisis arrived in late 2009 because of Greek governments disclosure that it has higher budget deficits. Greece was helped by European countries by support them with measures to control the deficits like European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF). Greece has repaid 41.6 billion euros as of 2019.

European Debt crisis had profound impact on countries despite stringent measures were taken to stabilize economies. While European nations were gradually recovering from this crisis, coronavirus has concerned these nations again. Effect of Covid-19 is affecting economies and imperative measures are being taken to prevent forthcoming crisis.