Category: Business

The Traffic in Bengaluru

We know that India in general suffers from traffic jams in many different parts of the country. This is essentially due to the population density and thereby, the vehicle density that is prevalent in the country. With so many people using automobiles, there is bound to be traffic and packed roads especially in high populated metropolitan cities. When speaking of traffic in India, people often talk about Mumbai as being the city with the worst traffic. This is understandable as Mumbai is the most highly populated city in India. It is also India’s financial hub and gets a lot of tourism. However, there is one other city that gives strong competition to Mumbai, and which many claim is definitely the city with the worst traffic in India. It is so bad that it can even content to be the city with the worst traffic in the world. That city is Bengaluru. Bengaluru sees constant bad traffic on a day-to-day basis, and every single person that comes from the city can testify on how bad the condition really is. But why is this so?

Why is it so bad?

On average, it is estimated that a Bangalore citizen spends about 10 days in traffic. This is an unimaginable amount for a lot of us from outside Bangalore, who might experience traffic here and there but nothing compared to Bangalore. Furthermore, the average speed travelled on Bangalore roads is only 11 km/h, and it is estimated that it could decrease to 8 km/h if no measures are taken to curb traffic. The unusual thing here is that the speed is low not only with traffic but also without it. This is because the roads in Bangalore, and in generally in India, are multi-purpose public goods serving a wide variety of uses other than motorized transport that slow down travel (hawkers, stalls, parked vehicles, etc.).

The generally agreed reason behind the traffic is that it is because of the rapid and unplanned growth of the city. Bangalore’s traffic advisor M.N. Sreehari himself has said that Bangalore suddenly went from a sleepy village, to a town, to a city. These unforeseen and unplanned changes in the city left it unprepared to deal with the traffic.

Bangalore is often described as the Silicon Valley of India as it is home to the IT industry. Since the early 1990s, with the advent of globalization and privatization, global technology firms began opening offices in Bangalore and a large number of support industries have grown around it, bringing with them a huge influx of people from all over India. Many Indians and NRIs started moving to Bangalore to try building their start-ups, which Bangalore is known for today.

Hence, Bangalore’s population grew from 5.6 million in 2001 to 8.7 million in 2011. Today, it is estimated to have reached 11.5 million. So, the population has grown exponentially, but the infrastructure and roads have not been able to keep up the pace.

Apart from this, even the general road layout is to be blamed for the traffic. Rather than having a grid pattern which promotes the flow of traffic, Bangalore has a star pattern which causes a lot of interceptions and jams. Bangalore used to have grid like roads, but it gradually became more star shaped because of unplanned change and development. Also, the roads themselves are mostly in bad conditions and full of potholes. Potholes are one of the reasons for traffic congestion and road accidents. There is also illegal construction on these roads which narrow them down, causing more jamming.

Furthermore, the public transport like buses carry only about 45% of the city’s traffic and the metro system is still underdeveloped. This means that most people are dependent on their private transport. The city has 6.6 million private vehicles, including one million cars. Every day, another million vehicles enter from outside the city, clogging its already choked streets. Adding to this problem is the fact that one-third of the city roads are taken away by parking and encroachments.

Conclusion

Bengaluru’s traffic is undeniably bad, and measures need to be taken to curb traffic jams and congestion in the city. The traffic has had wide ranging effects on pollution and on the health of people, not to mention it is an immense waste of a person’s time. Even companies in Bengaluru have started pulling out of the city to move to tier 2 and tier 3 cities because the traffic is simply bad for business. It is the statutory and constitutional duty of civic bodies to maintain roads and footpaths. If the administration takes steps to solve the traffic issue in the city, Bengaluru will become a much more popular city and gain a better reputation.

Internet- Boon or Bane

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INTERNET stands for Interconnected Network that is a network system that connects millions of web servers. . Let us simply know its definition first. Internet is a hug network that connects computers all over the world. It has become the most significant medium for sharing information and communication from anywhere in the world.

Internet got introduced in India in 1986 but it took a decade to make it available for the public. VSNL first launched the internet in India on August 15, 1995. Today it has taken such a place in our life that a person can manage anything but they can’t survive without internet.

Recently, a study reported that the number of IP addresses has crossed the total limit, with the increase in the number of internet users across the world. With this huge development in this field one question also remains whether Internet is a boon or bane? For this we can have different opinions because some people consider it as a boon as they are just seeing the advantages and entertainment they are being provided by the internet while the rest will have some other arguments.

Everything has some pros and cons so as the internet. We can get alot of opportunities through the internet we can carry our business at a global level ,we can entertain ourself and also education can be provided by the internet and many more else . But on the other hand we are aware of various incidents that take place regularly of cyber crimes which is a big threat amd virus can also enter in our system which will also disturb our information and harm our privacy.

Internet is one the biggest tool that is making our life very easy. Just think if in this COVID-19 there will be no internet how will you get yourself updated? And attend your online classes? So its basically important that the reason and the time period for which internet is used must be the priority concern and it must be used with all the necessary precautions to keep it as a problem solver instead of a problem creator.

I sometimes wonder how we spent leisure time before satellite television and Internet came along…and then I realise that I have spent more than half of my life in the ‘dark ages’!
— Arthur C. Clarke

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What’s Opt ed and how to write one?

As you all guessed it already, yes, it is a section in a newspaper. So, what do you think exactly is the expansion of ‘opt ed’ and the meaning behind it? Before going deep into the answer, let’s know editorial page in a newspaper is a separate page that is fully devoted for public express their opinions through letters to the editor. This is important to know as Opt ed is often placed on the editorial page.

Opt ed column

What is Opt ed?


Opt ed is the abbreviation of the word opposite the editorial page. Opt ed is an article that often has the author expressing an opinion to create a discussion among the readers, this article is not affiliated with the media publisher. It is written by a person who is qualified enough to have an opinion. It is between 700 – 800 words. As it represents the clarity of thinking, it is very important for the person who is writing the opt ed to have a defined clarity on his or her opinion.

How to write one?


There are few suggestions to produce an effective opt ed article.

Ways to attract a reader


Catchy title


The title of the article should be appealing, as you have not got all the time of the reader. The reader should be pulled in to read the article just by looking at the title and be convinced that it’s worth his or her time to continue.


Start your article by addressing the issue


Instead of spending a paragraph to introduce the issue, it is better to get straight to the main point. As a lengthy introduction can tire the reader.


Make it look short


Sticking to the word limit is an important rule to be followed. Article will be more effective if it is short and clear. As lengthy-looking articles are often rejected by readers. In other words, sticking to the word limit decides whether the reader will pick the paper or not.


The opinion should belong to you


You should own the opinion that is being expressed. It is better not to be a ghost writer (a person writing someone else’s opinion). Owning the opinion is very important as the ghost writer may not always agree with your opinion, which will end with the article being not so effective and powerful.


Evidence


The article would be well built if your points or opinion on an issue is addressed with evidences. Placing more evidences on the article can give more clarity to the readers.


Knowledge


You should have significant knowledge on the issue that you are going to write about. Providing information regarding the topic with inaccuracy will land you and the newspaper organization that published on trouble. On the other hand, it will mislead the readers.

Do Opt ed writers get paid?


Before knowing the answer, let us know Opt ed writers are of two types – one that works when the newspaper organization approaches him or her to write an Opt ed article and the other is one of the readers (public) who approach the newspaper organization to get their article published on their newspaper columns.
The first type of Opt ed writers get paid mostly while the second type often gets rewarded with publicity that adds to their market image.

Few Newspaper Organizations in the market

ENTRY STRATEGIES OF AN ENTREPRENUERSHIP

Entrepreneurship can be defined as the recognition of opportunities and the use of creation of resources to implement innovative ideas for new, thoughtfully planed ventures. The essential characteristic of an entrepreneur is identifying the opportunity and elaborating that opportunity into a formal but it is also important to have an entry strategy while setting up a startup. So, today in this article we are going to learn the entry strategies and risk reduction strategies that are applied by every entrepreneur is explained clearly.

ENTREPRENEURIAL STRATEGIES:

Entrepreneurial strategy involves identifying and choosing among a set of distinct choices that define a company as it translates an idea into a meaningful value proposition. So, setting up a strategy clearly describes ” what not to do? ” that is, a strategy act as a back bone for an entrepreneurship. The four strategies that can be explored for an idea are as follows:

FUNDAMENTAL ENTREPRENEURIAL STRATEGIES

1 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY STRATEGY:

Entrepreneurs who pursue intellectual property strategy for their ideas choose to invest in control over their underlying innovation in order to construct a value chain through collaboration with incumbent firms in industry to create value for the final end consumers.

  • This type of startups focuses on idea generation and development to avoid the cost of down stream, customer facing activities. because cooperation requires alignment with incumbent activities. Simply, the startup which use this strategy probably choose technological investments with existing systems.

2 DISRUPTION STRATEGY:

This type of strategy highlights about decision to compete directly with incumbents emphasizing commercialization of idea and rapid growth of market share rather than control on ideas of development. Disruption entrepreneur aims to redefine established value chain.

  • Therefore, a disruption startup chose the competition orientation against established firms in the industry by choosing to compete through execution. Disruption strategy founders will inevitably face threat of imitative competition from incumbents and new entrants alike because of choosing invest in execution than in getting control over their idea.
  • Even value chain strategy is also similar to the disruption strategy where entrepreneurs choose to invest in execution rather than control but the only difference is that, they create value with the cooperation of industry incumbents.

3 ARCHITECTURAL STRATEGY:

The final strategy in the entrepreneurial strategy framework is architectural strategy. Unlike the other type of strategies , architectural strategy is about architecting an entire new value chain in the market place rather than boosting the performance of an existing value chain.

  • This type of strategy requires entrepreneurs to figure out how to build a new and integrated value chain that delivers value to customers while also building an economic support by maintaining control over their idea as they compete directly against incumbents.
  • Architectural entrepreneurs establish competitive advantage through the traditional strategic approaches. Compared to other strategies, architectural strategy used entrepreneurs must be committed to their vision and plan.

RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES:

The situation that threatens the capability of the startup or a company to achieve its financial goals is considered as a risk to the business. There may be ma strategies in order to manage and reduce the financial loss to the company. The three type of risk reduction strategies are as follows:

1 NARROW SCOPE STRATEGY: Narrow-scope strategy offers a small product range to a small number of customer groups to satisfy a particular need. The narrow scope can reduce the risk that the firm will face competition with larger firms. A narrow-scope strategy is vulnerable to the risk that market demand does not materialize as expected. Having a narrow-scope strategy is like putting all your eggs in one basket that is, it reduces some competition-related risks but also increases the risks associated with market uncertainties.

2 BROAD SCOPE STRATEGY: Broad scope strategy highlights portfolio approach dealing with uncertainties about attractiveness of different market segments. By offering a range of products the entrepreneur gains knowledge on whole market through a process of trial and error. A broad-scope strategy reduces risks from market uncertainties, but it increases the exposure of competition. When the risk of competition is great and market uncertainties are minimal, a narrow-scope strategy is more effective at reducing risk but when a new firm entered into market with same sort of creation then, a broad-scope strategy reduces the major risk of uncertainties over customer preferences.

3 IMITATION STRATEGY: Imitation strategy copy’s the best practices of other firms in order to minimize the risk of downside loss associated with new entry in to the market. An imitation strategy has the potential of reducing the entrepreneur’s costs associated with R&D and also reduces the customer uncertainty over the firm. Imitation strategy makes the new entry to look legitimate from day one onwards. This imitation strategy is also known as me too strategy.

Letter of Credit

In the era of Globalisation, businesses all over the world rely on each other, be it for raw materials, consultation services, marketing or capital goods. This led to an increase in international payments, especially with increase in exports. Some of the most common methods of international payments include- International cheque, Wire transfer and the safest and the most convenient method preferred by most exporters- Letter of Credit.

Letter of Credit is a bank guarantee given by the buyer’s (importer) bank to seller’s (exporter) bank. It is the most secure instrument, also known as Documentary Credit. The main concern of most exporter is safety which is why they prefer Letter of Credit over other modes of payment. It is guaranteed by the bank and the verification of all necessary documents including the inspection certificate is also done by the bank.

Documents required by the bank includes Bill of Lading, Marine insurance, Custom attested Packing list and invoice, Pre-shipment Inspection certificate and Certificate of origin.

Merits of LC

  • Exporter is assured of payment as it is guaranteed by the buyer’s bank.
  • Exporter can get advance payment from bank if the LC is confirmed and irrevocable.
  • It eliminates commercial risk.
  • It enables the importer (seller) to expand their sources of supply as exporters are always willing to supply against Letter of Credit.
  • It prevents blockage of funds and bad debts.

Types of LC

There are 10 types of Letters of Credit. Different LCs have different terms of payment associated with them and hence, it is important for exporters and importers to assess and wisely decide which type suits them the most.

  1. Sight LC: In a sight LC, the exporter immediately receives payment after goods are received.
  2. Usance LC: With a Usance LC, the exporter grants a credit period for payment which is jointly accepted by both banks.
  3. Confirmed LC: Confirmed LC does not allow the Issuer bank (importer’s bank) to modify the terms of LC. Ideally, LC should be confirmed as it is safer.
  4. Unconfirmed LC: Unconfirmed LC allows Issuer bank to modify the terms of LC.
  5. Red clause LC: In a Red clause LC, the importer must make partial or full advance payment.
  6. Green clause LC: Green clause LC allows the importer to make the payment after dispatch of the shipment.
  7. Negotiable LC: Issuing bank (importer’s bank) authorises any bank to be the Nominated bank (exporter’s bank) to negotiate the terms of the LC and receive the payment on behalf of the exporter.
  8. Revolving LC: For regular transactions between the same two parties, one can get a Revolving LC. It allows the parties to set a limit and use the same LC for multiple payments till the limit is reached.
  9. Transferable LC: This type of LC allows the exporter to endorse the LC in favour of a third-party which simply implies that the amount owed to the exporter by the importer is paid to the third-party directly, on behalf of the exporter.
  10. Back-to-back LC: This LC involves 3 parties and two payments under one LC. For example, payment to vendor by manufacturer for raw material and payment to the manufacturer by the retailer under the same LC. It eliminates the need for applying for two LCs.

Outsourcing of Services

A Business refers to a set of organised activities for production and exchange of goods and services, with an objective to earn profits.

It includes several services to complete the process for managing business enterprise.

There are certain important services that are rendered outside the business to enable the enterprise perform its primary functions smoothly.

These services include financial services , advertising services , customer support services , etc.

Services done through specialised agencies outside the business enterprise are known as outsourcing of services .

This practice is called Business Process Outsourcing (BPO ) .

Outsourcing means getting an external source service rather than an internal source of the enterprise.

Hence , instead of setting up it’s own department business enterprise outsource it from other external specialised agencies.

A business enterprise prefers to outsource those services that are specialised in nature and performed on a regular basis. These services include accounting data processing, content development , customer care , customer contact , legal services , repair work , advertising services, fittings , employment of employees , training of employees, payroll accounting,etc.

The outside company,  the service provider or a third-party provider, arranges for its own system of labour and technical activities  to perform the tasks or services by the hired  company .

In today’s competitive environment ,the main focus is to concentrate on core specialization and core – competency areas and outsource the rest activities. 

The main intention of outsourcing service is that the business enterprise can concentrate on its core areas of competence and leave the additional work to be outsourced . Outsourcing of services is preferred for better quality and economy .As a result a business enterprise can focus its core task through the front office and leave the rest work meant for the outsourcing.

Business enterprises  often outsource as a way to lower costs, improve efficiencies and gain speed . The benefit underlying this  service is that because the third-party provider focuses on that particular task, it is able to do it better, faster and cheaper than the hiring company could.

Given such benefits, companies often decide to outsource supporting functions within their businesses so they can focus their resources more specifically on their core competencies, thereby helping them gain competitive advantages in the market. ___________________________________________

Concept of BPO and KPO 

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO ) :- 

BPO involves contacting external agencies for performing specific business functions . 

Services like call centre jobs meant for customers , contact and payroll preparation , accounting services , courier services , advertising services , customer related services , etc. are some BPO jobs .

BPO job is often divided into two categories 

• Bank office outsourcing which includes internal business functions such as billing , purchasing etc. 

• Front office Outsourcing which includes customer related services such as marketing , technical support etc.

five BPO exporters according to NASSCOM are Genpact , TCS , WNS Global Services , Wipro and Aegis LTD.

 Broadly there are a few different types of BPO  based on the distance between the two members of the relationship. These types are:

On – shoring :- . Relocating work or services to lower-cost locations in the company’s own country.

Off-shoring:- Relocating work or services to third-party providers overseas.

Near-shoring:- . Relocating work or services to people in nearby, often bordering regions and countries

BPO helps the company to focus on its core competencies without being burdened with routine activities. It helps in increasing the speed of various business processes  and allows business enterprises to retain their entrepreneurial speed and agility .

Knowledge Process Outsourcing ( KPO ) :-

KPO stands for knowledge process outsourcing. Outsourcing of knowledge results in the emergence of a new business activity known as KPO .

 Knowledge process is a high value added process that depends on the skills , knowledge and experience of the people carrying out various activities .

KPO calls for application of highly specialised knowledge .

India still maintains the competitive advantage for providing the most cost – effective and high quantity manpower . KPO derives its strength from the depth of knowledge , experience and judgement factor.

The scope of KPO is vast and it covers information technology (IT) enabled services ,legal processes , intellectual property patent related services , engineering services , web development application , CAD / CAM applications , business research analytics ,legal research , clinical research , publishing market research, etc .

Advantages of Outsourcing :-

• Getting good quality services :-  A business enterprise cannot be expected to have specialization in all activities . As a result , the need for outsourcing services is generally necessary.  Expert advice from outside agencies facilitates success of the business.

• Concentrating on core activities :-  Outsourcing ensures overall better performance of the business enterprise as it can concentrate on core activities of its strength and competence . This has a positive effect on the quantity of service.

• Avoiding Labour Trouble :- Outsourcing reduces the employee related problems as the agencies include their own staff which are not included as enterprise staff . 

• Cost effective Services :- Sometimes , it is economical to outsource some services instead of maintaining a separate department for it which may cost more than expected budget and leads to increase in cost production.

• Avoiding Fixed Investment :- Instead of investing for a separate department a business enterprise gets service from outsourcing . This results in investment savings which can be used for profiting business .

Hence , outsourcing has been viewed as a way to lower costs and gain efficiencies, it is increasingly becoming a strategic tool for companies.

___________________________________________

Disadvantages of Outsourcing .

There are certain Disadvantages that come along with outsourcing .

Disadvantages such as  ,

• Outsourcing Supplier No Longer Able To Supply the service to the Business enterprise which can cause emergency problems .

•. Confidentiality Risk that a business enterprise takes when it selects the option of Outsourcing .

•  By giving away a function of business to an outsource the  enterprise gains the advantage of having an expert for the service but  loses control over that particular function .

• The service may Be more costly than actually expected causing an increase in cost of production.

• Maintaining and securing a trusted relationship is essential in outsourcing efforts and is more complex than establishing service levels and relationships.

Despite disadvantages , outsourcing is opted by my many business enterprises .

The  disadvantages or problems could be avoided by having a trusteeship outsourcing contract and by  examining service level agreements, timeframes ,  rewards, and regular review strategies . 

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What is Visa Provisioning?

In today’s fast changing and developing world, technology has taken over. Technology has dominated the world in many aspects. One such sector is the payment sector. The world is leaning towards the method of online payment. The drift towards it has been increasing rapidly with time. Now focusing on this area of online payments, we have an excellent system. It is Visa Provisioning.

Visa Provisioning is the system of online payment on a mobile phone. It helps in effortlessly downloading the payment account details on your mobile phone. This service is mainly convenient for mobile operating systems along with some other systems. Visa Provisioning is a service based on a technology called NFC. NFC stands for Near Field Communication. Come on, let’s have a look at this.

What is NFC?

NFC is wireless communication technology. It allows the users to exchange data between two devices in a short-range. It is considered to be expanding at a great pace for a newly launched technology. In some ways, it is better than Bluetooth too.

Features of Visa Provisioning

  1. Visa Provisioning works only with the NFC technology installed on mobile phones. This is the reason why it doesn’t work on some of the new mobile systems.
  2. It is known to be efficient for both Visa and Non-Visa transactions.
  3. It does an excellent job in transit applications as well.
  4. Payments can be effectively completed by this system over a distance too.

Working of Visa Provisioning

It can not be stressed enough that this only works with the NFC technology. Now let’s find out how this amazing system works. You just need to follow these simple steps and you are good to go.

  1. Firstly you have to activate the mobile payment system on your mobile.
  2. Now, just enter the correct password in order to proceed with the payment process. Make sure you don’t enter the wrong password because it will lead to the cancellation of the payment.
  3. Once you authenticate, the NFC technology will begin its work. It will exchange some payment account details and some credentials keys among its network.
  4. After completion of this process, you can download the details on your phone easily.
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Benefits of Visa Provisioning Service

Visa Provisioning is a very beneficial system for online payments. Below are some benefits of the same. Let’s have a look.

  1. Smooth payment options – Contact less payments are done using NFC. Visa Provisioning system eases the process for the customers and as well as for the bankers and the transit operators.
  • Easy connectivity – This has great connectivity and can be used anywhere, anytime. The Visa Provisioning system has made this easy for all.
  • Advanced payments – Advanced mobile payments are being carried out by this system for years now. It has evolved and grew around the world. By this you can also link your mobile phone with you Visa account.
  • User friendly – This is a very user friendly network. It is easy to use. It provides quick payment options. It can also operate from a distance.
  • Secured network – Yes, Visa provisioning is a safe and secured way of mobile payments. It only requires an e-mail address for registration. This type of facility provides you the advantage of carrying out your payments in a much more easy and effective way. It also features many security measures like PIN authentication and stores all your data safely in a third party service provider.

How does Visa Provisioning Service Differ from Other Types of Mobile Payment Methods ?

Other mobile payment services also use the near field communication (NFC). Visa Provisioning services can be used for any type of cards whereas other methods are confined to their company.

The bank issuing your card can choose to allow Visa Provisioning service for your payment account as long as they meet the requirements. This will also allow their customers to take advantage of the card less payment options just by using mobile.

Another advantage of the Visa Provisioning Services is that they are instant transactions without needing any information.

The Future for Mobile Payments

As we all know, the future of the world lies in technology advancements over the coming years. Online and card less payments are just another addition to the perks of living in an advanced world. It makes the payments easier and safer as compared to the old methods.

The future of cash less payment methods is expected to grow continuously. Major online payment companies like PayPal and Apple Wallet are beginning to make a place for themselves in the market. It is due to their convenience factor and user friendly environment.

The Visa Provisioning Service only requires a single tap on your mobile screen and your money will be transferred or transacted in no time. The NFC technology ensures the safety of your personal details as well as takes care of the whole process of online payment.

How Does Visa Provisioning Service Work with Mobile Payments ?

Mobile payments are apparently considered different from the contact less payments. Contact less payments require both the card and the terminal to support this capability. They are referred to as NFC payments.

Mobile payments require that the device should be connected to Blue Tooth or Near Field Communication Technology so that the transactions can be made without having to swipe the card.

Using NFC technology creates an authorization for payments. You just have to tap on the eligible device name shown on their screen, for the transactions. It can be a store or any other appropriate location. You can use your fingerprint or your PIN number to complete the process of online payment.

How to Maintain Visa Provisioning Services ?

To maintain the Visa Provisioning Service, you need to visit your Visa account by either downloading the Visa Token Service or linking it with your mobile number for receiving a code. Then you can easily maintain your account.

For organizations, they have their own different processes for maintain the Visa Provisioning Services for their consumers.

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Disadvantages of Visa Provisioning Services

  1. Can not make purchases from mobile apps.
  2. It is a third party payment method so additional fees may be required.
  3. Have to give up your privacy of the Visa account.
  4. Transactions may be declined in case of insufficient funds or incorrect account details.
  5. There is a higher risk of identity theft.
  6. There may be cases of credit card frauds.
  7. Unauthorized purchases can also be done by this method.

Some Companies that use Visa Provisioning Services

  • Amazon
  • Starbucks
  • Google (Google Pay)
  • Netflix
  • Samsung
  • Sony PlayStation Store
  • Apple
  • Dell Financial Services

Frequently Asked Questions

  1. Why is Visa Provisioning Service important ?
  2. Visa Provisioning Services is important because it links your credit card to your mobile for easy online payments. It ensures safe transaction successfully.
  • How can you deactivate Visa Provisioning Services ?
  • To deactivate Visa Provisioning from your device, follow these steps :
  • Go to your mobile settings.
  • Tap on the ‘apps’ or ‘applications’ option.
  • Select Visa Provisioning Service from the list of your apps.
  • Click on the ‘uninstall’ button to deactivate your Visa Provisioning Service account.
  • What is Visa Provisioning Service 0$ ?
  • Zero dollar charge is a one time payment that requires validation of your mobile phone number and your address for a Visa card.
  • Where are Visa Provisioning Services currently available ?
  • It is currently available in the United States. It is not currently operating internationally. But other NFC transaction methods are in use over the world.

K SHAPED…

It has been over a year, the world is still battling the devastating coronavirus pandemic. While rich countries more or less have managed to mitigate, to an extent the adverse effects of the pandemic thanks to their higher and faster vaccination coverage, low and middle-income countries are still desperately seeking vaccines to cover their vulnerable population groups.

US economy is slowly showing a positive uptick so is the case with other rich countries and China.US retail sales increased in June as demand for goods remained strong. Israel is considering the option of booster shots to its already largely vaccinated population after few instances of breakthrough infections. while Israel’s actions are truly justified given the severe nature of the virus, it sometimes feels a little unjust when we consider the cases of many low-income countries where healthcare workers are not even administered with a single shot. Vaccines nationalism as a result of the pandemic is not surprising and given the already deep wide divide between rich and poor countries the pandemic has further exacerbated this divide. Also within the poor and middle-income countries, the gap between the rich and poor has drastically increased.

According to Pew Research analysis, the number of poor in India is estimated to have increased by 75 million because of the pandemic recession. Many economists attribute India’s sluggish recovery post to the deadly second wave to dampened demand. While this may be true as the majority of the population in India fall under the low or middle-class category who’s the ability to spend has been severely compromised(affecting demand). But this is one side of the story. Recently Santosh Iyer vice president of sales and marketing, Mercedes Benz India, told that the company is seeing strong demand for its product, and supply-side constraints have made their customers wait longer. He further adds that sales and demand are back to pre-pandemic levels. This indicates that these upper classes especially in economic terms were not affected as Mercedes Benz’s target market usually comprises the upper class who prioritize luxury.

Hence the rich grew richer and the poor given their already vulnerable state further slipped into pathetic poverty.

Manufacturing Systems

What are Manufacturing Systems?

A collection of integrated equipment and human resources whose function is to perform one or more processing or assembly operations. Manufacturing systems essentially integrates and transform inputs (raw material, labour and machines) into output (final goods and services).

Components of Manufacturing Systems

  • Production machines: Most of the actual assembly work is accomplished by machines or with aid of tools. These machines are classified into- Manual, Semi-automated and Automated machines.
  • Material Handling Systems: Material handling systems include machines that help in loading, unloading of units, positioning of units, transporting and storage of work units.
  • Computer Control Systems: Computer control systems help in controlling the machines by communicating instructions, scheduling production, failure diagnosis, quality control, safety monitoring etc.
  • Human Resources: Human resources are essential to ensure smooth functioning of all systems. They operate and manage systems, monitor the process, ensure all machines are in optimum condition and working properly. In some cases, they even help in loading, unloading and positioning of units.

Types of Production Systems

  1. Intermittent: The flow of production is not continuous i.e., units are produced according to its demand or on order on a small scale in large varieties.
  2. Continuous: Flow of production is continuous and not affected by its demand. Units are produced on a large-scale for stocking and selling.

Intermittent Production System

It can be classified into 3 categories-

  • Project Production
  • Jobbing Production
  • Batch Production

In Project production, company accepts a single, complex order or contract. The order is to be completed within a specified amount of time at estimated cost. Requirement of resources varies with phases of production. In project production, many agencies are involved and interrelated. It is highly flexible but produced in low volume. An excellent example of Project Production is Construction.

In Jobbing Production, company accepts order to produce one or few units of a product strictly as per specifications given by the customer. It is also produced within a specified time at a specified cost. Units are produced in small lots and highly skilled labour is needed. An example of Jobbing Production is Repair and Tailoring services.

Batch Production: ‘Batch’ refers to a single production run according to demand. Batch size is the number of units produced in one batch size. It ranges from 100-1000 units. Every batch requires changes in Machine set-up. For example, daily production of numerous freshly baked goods in a bakery.

Continuous Production System

It can be classified into 2 categories-

  • Mass Production System
  • Process Production System

Mass Production System is also known as Repetitive Manufacturing System. Mainly one or two types of products are produced. Demand of such products is always high. Produced in large quantities and hence, mostly automated and handled by machines. This makes supervision easy. It involves limited work in progress. It also reduces per unit cost of production.

In Process Production System, a single product is produced and stocked. The product is standardised hence, there is hardly any scope for variety or customisation. It involves lower Work-in-Progress. It requires low skilled labour and skilled technicians. Automated/Mechanised systems are used for Material Handling.

General knowledge

General knowledge is very important in everyone’s life. The person without the knowledge is like the bird without the wings. It is very important to know what is happening across the world. So, it is very important to attain the general knowledge. To grab general knowlede, an individual must follow some of the techniques like reading books, articles, magazines, newspapers etc.

The newspaper consists of all the important things like the business purposes, sports, entertainment, some interesting puzzles, Hindi habits, food recipes, Current affairs etc.

Reading newspaper is an important thing because whenever an individual comes across a motivational thing, he or she will be motivated and focuses on the particular aspect. The individual will get to know the current affairs. The person will get a good grip on the general knowledge. solving puzzles improves the skills of the person. Reading about the healthy habits in the newspaper makes the individual to go for good and healthier meals.

Reading newspaper is very important because gives the chance to know what is happening around us. Early in the morning or evening whatever the time maybe, sparing at least 10 to 15 minutes of time on newspaper is a very good habit that an individual can develop.

The newspaper consists of all the important things like the business purposes, sports, entertainment, some interesting puzzles, Hindi habits, food recipes, Current affairs etc.

In one of the other way the individual develops good habits and focuses more on what they are trying to do.

Individual Differences :

Intelligence :

High scores on tests of general knowledge tend to also score highly on intelligence tests. IQ has been found to robustly predict general knowledge scores even after accounting for difference in age, and five factor model personality tarits. However, many general knowledge tests are designed to create a normal distribution of answers, creating a bell shaped curve.

General knowledge is also moderately associated with verbal ability, though only weakly or not at all with numerical and spatial ability. As with crystallized intelligence, general knowledge has been found to increase with age.

Long term semantic memory :

General knowledge is stored as semantic memory. Most semantic memory is preserved through old age, though there are deficts in retrieval of certain specific words correlated with aging. In addition, stress or various emotional levels can negatively affect semantic nemory retrieval.

Personality :

People high in general knowledge tend to highly open to new experiences and in typical intellectual engagement. The relationship between openness to experieñce and general knowledge remains robust even when IQ is taken into account. People high in openness may be more motivated to engage in intellectual pursuits that increase their knowledge. Relationships between general knowledge and other five factor model traits tend to be weak and inconsistent. Though one study found that extraversion and neutroticism were negatively correlated with general knowledge, others found that they were unrelated.

Predictor of achievement :

A number of studies have assesses whether performance on a general knowledge test can predict achievement in particular areas, namely in academics, proofreading and creativity.

Academic achievement :

General knowledge has been found to predict exam results in a study of Britush schoolchildren. The study examined congnitive ability and personality predictors of exam performance and found that general knowledge was positively correlated with GCSE english, mathematics, and overall exam results. General knowledge test scores presicted exam results, even after controlling for IQ, five factor model personality traits, and learning styles.

Proofreading :

General knowledge has been found to robustly predict proofreading skills in univeristy students. A study found that proofreading had a larger correlation with general knowledge than with general intelligence, verbal reasoning, or openness to experience. In a multiple regression analysis using general knowledge, general intelligence, verbal reasoning, five factor personality traits, amd learning styles as predictors, only general knowledge was a significant predictor.

Creativity

General knowledge has been found to have weak associations with measures of creativity. In a study examining contributions of personality and intelligence to creativity, general knowledge was positively correlated with tests of divergent thinking, but was unrelated to a bigraphical measure of creative achievemnet, self- rated creativity, or a composite measure of creativity. The realtionship between general knowledge and divergent thinking became non- significant when controlling for fluid intelleigence.

Game shows and Quizzes :

Many game shows use general knowledge questions for entertainment purpose. Game shows such as who wants to be a Millionarie? and fiteen to one centre their questions on general knowledge, while other shows focus questions more on specific subjects. Some show ask questions both on specific subjects and on general knowledge .

The case of magahi betel leaf (paan)

Magahi betel leaf (paan)

Magahi betel leaf (Paan) is an variety of betel grown in south Bihar region and mostly in Aurangabad, Gaya and Nalanda districts. This paan, is about 3.5 to 9.5 inches in size. It’s non-fibrous, sweeter, tastier and the soft.it got GI tagged in 2018 alongwith Jardalu mango and katarni rice

Magahi paan was popular even during ancient times. It is claimed that prince Vijai Mal was fond of Magahi paan and it is mentioned in the 1884 book of GA Grierson, an Irish administrator and linguist in British India. Several other references had been cited in the journal to establish Magahi paan being an exclusive produce of Magadh region

Magahi paan is sown during March-May each year, with leaves plucked during January-March. Each plant can give 40-60 leaves, yielding 500 dholis per year per katha .Every year, farmers have to sow new plants. When everything goes well, farmers can earn Rs 70,000-1,00,000 from one katha of land.

Problems encountered by betel leaf (paan) farmers

Betel leaf (paan) plants damaged due to cold

There is lack of insurance or MSP facility to the farmers. it is highly susceptible to bad weather conditions and is classified as  horticulture, not agriculture product. Money is paid in installments by the buyer and  Sometimes money is paid after one and a half years to the farmers.

Number of paan farmers is on the decline because of lack of any state help to ease their high cost of production, as the plant requires an artificial conservatory to grow.

Future ahead

A tie up between Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) and Bihar Agricultural University (sabaur) is currently under process. Plan is to export GI tagged products Makhana, Jardalu Mango, Shear Rice, Litchi and Magahi Pan.

Let’s hope the things gets better and government policies should be made and implemented in a way keeping the problems faced by farmers and their needs at centre. Then, only these betel growing farmers will get benefitted from those government benefits.

How to Add Your Business to Google & Google Maps

When a query performed on Google implies local results should be shown, the search engine populates a map pack of 3 local results. The map pack has many other names, including “local pack,” or the “Google 3-pack.” 

If you own or operate a business that caters to your local community, chances are you qualify to get a Google My Business listing. A quality Google My Business listing can get you one step closer to being added to a local pack. 

In this guide, we’ll explore the best way to add your business on Google My Business and offer some tips to increase your local rankings.

Why is Google My Business important?

Back in March 2021, Google noted that there are more than 2 billion visits to local websites each month. That’s a lot of website traffic. 

If you’re a small business owner, your driver of new business is likely going to be referrals. 

Referrals are great! 

But, even with a referral, most people will still Google your business name to learn more about your business, read reviews, etc — before even contacting you. 

What happens when I perform a search on Google for “Cowboy Dinner Tree?”

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The right-panel is generated by Google’s Knowledge Graph, but most of the data being populated here is sourced from Google My Business.

Now, what’s interesting about Cowboy Dinner Tree’s GMB listening is they don’t even have ownership of it. It isn’t owned by anyone.

Same with their Yelp, Facebook, etc. Even their website is very web 1.0. 

How do they have a Google My Business listing if it isn’t claimed? 

Google will automatically create one based on data they collect about businesses (entities). Keep this in mind as we get into the process of creating your own Google My Business listing. 

Back to the benefits of owning your Google My Business listing. 

You, the owner of your business, can provide the most accurate information about your business and have it displayed when someone does a search for your business on Google. 

One of the other major benefits to claiming your Google My Business listing is that some simple optimizations and ongoing activities can help your chances of getting new business from organic search for free.Increase Your Visibilitywith the Listing Management ToolTry for Free →

How to add your business to Google My Business

You’ll have about 3 different scenarios to choose from:

  1. Brand new business: Select Scenario 1 if your business is less than 6 months old.
  2. Listing exists, unclaimed: If your business has been around longer than 6 months, start with Scenario 2 (but you may end up back at Scenario 1). 
  3. Listing exists, claimed: If you claimed your listing some time ago but don’t remember the login, the email is no longer active, or another person owns your listing, go with Scenario 3.

Scenario 1: Brand new business

Congratulations! Let’s get you on the path to getting you a Google My Business listing.

Step 1: Go to the Google My Business homepage and click on the Manage now button

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Step 2: Sign in to a gmail account that you own. This is important: remember what email address you are using here. This gmail account will be the Primary owner of the listing. Write it down on a post-it or take a screenshot if you need to.

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Step 3: Once you have signed in, you’ll get taken to a page like the one below. Click on the Get Started button.

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Step 4: Start typing in the name of your business. Google My Business will attempt to locate a listing but since your business is new, you likely don’t have one yet. When you spot the option to “create a business with this name,” click it, then click on Next.

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Step 5: Now we need to choose a Business category that best matches your business. For our example, coffee shops are the best matching category. If there are multiple categories that match your business, you’ll be able to add additional categories after your listing has been verified. Once you’ve chosen your category, click Next.

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Step 6: Your next move depends on what type of business you operate. If your business is a brick and mortar, then the answer is yes. If you are a service provider (you go to your customers) and don’t have a physical storefront with signage then you will select no. If you are a service provider AND have a physical storefront with signage, then choose yes. Once you’ve made your choice, click Next.

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Step 7: Enter your address, then click Next if you answered yes in the previous step. If you chose no in the previous step, you will be asked to enter your service area. Once finished, click Next.

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Step 8: If you are displaying your address, you might be asked to point to the exact spot where your business is located. Once finished, click Next. If you are not showing your address, you will be asked to provide your business phone number and website. 

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Step 9: If you’re showing your address, you’ll be asked if you also serve customers outside of your location. If you are not showing your address, you’ll be asked if you want to get updates and recommendations from Google. Choose your answer, then click Next.

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Step 10: If you’re showing your address, you’ll be asked to add your phone number and website. If you are not showing your address, skip to Step 10. Once you’ve added your website address and phone number, click Next.

Step 11: Time to finish and start the verification process! Select “Finish.”

Step 12: If you are showing your address, you’ll be prompted to verify by postcard with an option to add a contact name. If you are hiding your address, you’ll be prompted to add an address for verification purposes. Your address will not be shown but is needed to verify your business. 

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Step 13: Once you receive the postcard (usually within 5 business days), log back into your listing to verify your listing. 

Scenario 2: Listing exists, unclaimed

If your business has been around for at least 6 months, you might already have a Google My Business listing that was automatically created.

Go to Google Maps and perform a search for your business name. If a listing shows up and you see “Claim this business,” then claim it! If you see your listing and there’s a label that says ‘Manage this listing,” then head to Scenario 3.

If you have the option to claim the listing, you’re going to be asked to make sure the information is up to date, then you’ll go through the verification process. 

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Scenario 3: Listing exists, claimed

Maybe a former employee, an email address you don’t have access to anymore, or a former agency that claimed the listing on your behalf. Whatever the reason is, you don’t have access to your Google My Business listing.

Go to Google and perform a search for your business. Within the panel, you’ll see ‘Suggest an edit • Own this business?’ Select “own this business.” 

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Google will show the first 2 characters of the email address that owns the listing. Sometimes, this may spark your memory with the email address that you used years ago to claim the listing.

If you don’t know the email address, click on the Request Access button. 

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More often than not, you’re going to check the box to share your info with the current owners and managers of the listing.

For level of access, choose Ownership.

Your relationship to the business is likely going to be owner since you’re requesting ownership of the listing.

Provide your name and phone number, then submit. 

After you submit the form, the current owner of the listing will get an email that asks them if the request is valid. You’ll also receive a confirmation email. Keep the confirmation email.

The current owner of the listing has 3 days to respond to your request. You can check the status of your request by clicking on the link within the confirmation email.

If your request is approved, you’ll get an email confirmation and can then start managing the profile.

If your request is denied, you’re going to need to contact Google My Business support via the Help Center.

Alternatively, you can get in touch with GMB Support on Twitter. It might take them a few days to respond, but they’ve been helpful in the past. 

If the current listing owner does not respond within 3 days, you’ll get the option to claim the listing. Sign into g oogle.com/business and you should see an option to verify the listing.

Once you get access to the listing, the first thing you will want to do is make sure that anyone who should have access to the listing does. Since you are now the primary owner of the listing, you can add or remove users from having access. 

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Next Steps

Once you’ve created or updated your listing, be sure to stay on top of it! Listing management is an important part of ensuring the information around your business is useful and accurate.

Set a predetermined time to check in on your listing, try a few marketing strategies to connect with your audience, and keep an eye out for any user interactions with your listing. You can also use listing management tools to take the guesswork out of managing your listing.

UNDERSTANDING LINKEDIN AS A BUSINESS MODEL

As we all know that ” Linked in ” corporation is one of the leading networking website which functions on describing user created profiles with their work experience, education and training, skills, and a personal photo so that users can find jobs, people and business opportunities recommended by someone in one’s contact network. Users can save jobs that they would like to apply for. Users also have the ability to follow different companies.

In the above para we discussed about the working of linked in corporation with user provided data but we can understand it’s business marketing strategies and it’s growth from initial stage in a clear manner when we see linked in as a business model.

Linked in was found on may 5, 2003 at mountain view, California, US by Reid Hoffman. Initially the company started getting it’s financing through the help of venture capitalist company and later it struggled to get investors in IPO but at the year of 2011 LinkedIn priced its IPO at $45 per share giving the company valuation of $4.5 billion but at the year of 2016 Microsoft announced the valuation of LinkedIn for $196 per share which in all cash transaction valued as $26.2 billion and acquired the company.

CHALLENGES THAT ARE ACCEPTED BY LINKEDIN :

As a networking site the first and foremost challenge faced by LinkedIn is data encryption of user along with the data encryption LinkedIn should also concentrate on following terms:

PRIORITISING LINKEDIN GROUPS: LinkedIn contains many community groups with managers to share/discuss ideas for improving their work/business. So, they have to arrange the groups with out arising any type of ambiguity.

CONSTANTLY CHANGING THE WAY OF ADVERTISING : We get too many irrelevant ads when we use LinkedIn. Sometimes, getting non-sink advertisements also creates a negative impact on the site. So, that it should constantly change the patterns of presenting adds with new algorithms to avoid negative footprints on site.

ARTICULATING THE DORMANT PROFILES: LinkedIn says it’s growing, but there are many inactive accounts that should be removed after a reasonable period of time by keeping the active users accounts effectively and let inactive users go by the wayside.

MAKING LINKEDIN FROM “HAVE TO” TO “WANT TO” FOR BUSINESS PROFESSIONALS: Many people are on LinkedIn because they feel that they “have to” be there for expanding their network but very few professionals LOVE logging in to their LinkedIn. So, to attract more people on internet then LinkedIn must use competitive content on it’s pulse.

MARKETING STRATEGIES APPLIED BY LINKEDIN:

LinkedIn used Traditional marketing strategy at its initial stage of growth. LinkedIn approached it’s users through branding it’s company with chocolates. Similarly, LinkedIn adopted several marketing strategies on internet for improving it’s sustainability.

Most of the business organisations put a great deal of effort into creating the perfect website, and invest a significant portion of the marketing budget on curating the ultimate customer experience. So for that purpose LinkedIn has created virtual circle of influence by combining LinkedIn marketing and remarketing on your website. In order to attract efficient business professionals LinkedIn promoted paid marketing system which can afford a wide variety of ad formats and business targeting opportunities.

LinkedIn provides sponsored content, sponsored messaging, Text adds and Dynamic adds which are considered as native ads that will appear in the viewer’s LinkedIn feed and it tends to be customer centric with helping it’s customers on getting control over their business marketing.

Overview of the company

One of the main reason for it’s sustainable marketing growth is, LinkedIn seamlessly fills in the fields and provides you with information it already knows about your prospect. The up side of this capability is that it reduces the user’s submission time, and also diminishes their friction to signing up for whatever you are offering to the opposite person .It also target the customised accounts for the profile that is provided by user and also allows you to run account based marketing campaigns, powered by LinkedIn data.

Finally, LinkedIn is particularly well-suited for personal branding and which actively manages one’s image and unique value to position oneself for career opportunities. LinkedIn has evolved from being a mere platform for job searchers into a social network which allows users a chance to create a personal brand. LinkedIn’s constant adoption and application of new technologies and new strategies in market has improved it’s standards and sustainability in the competitive corporate field.

Service Marketing

Must have heard this term often right? But do you really know what is service marketing all about? Keep reading to understand properly.

The term can be easily understood separately as the service refers to an act of performing something for someone in exchange for adequate consideration on the other hand marketing is a broader term but in simple word it means promotion. Collectively we can say that when a person or entity promotes services it offers to the various clients it can be known as service marketing which aims at providing the solutions to the problems faced by the clients. Both the B2B (business-to-business) and B2C ( business-to-consumer) marketing is included in it.

Service Marketing have occupied a significant role in the market because service is something which can’t be seen or touched it can only be availed and experienced. The decision of the buyers in case of products is highly influenced by its quality but it is something different in case of services because the quality of service can be determined after it is availed by the customers. So it is required by the marketers to adopt those strategies that are highly attractive for the customers to induce them for availing a particular service.

Also these services can’t be resold or returned that means they are one time action and the manner it is availed at that time affects its future sale because if the goodwill of a particular service is not maintained then it will not be able to attract another more customers.

Examples: marketing of medical services, beauty parlours and spa, coaching centres , telecommunication etc

Service marketing is often confused with the term product marketing but it is important to know that both of them are different product marketing is the marketing of a tangible item that can be seen and touched whereas services are intangible.

If the proper service marketing strategies are adopted then it can leads to huge profit potential for a business and promote it to get more customers also.

Services marketing are dominated by the 7 Ps of marketing namely Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process and Physical evidence. All these are the factors or elements that are mixed by the marketer in order to deal with the customers much better.

Explanation of service marketing elements.

HOW DOES SEARCH ENGINE GOOGLE WORKS?

Almost everyone of use google chrome for searching information today but do we ever think about how the google functions in order to give the accurate results. Today we are going to know about the functionality of search engine google.

INTRODUCTION ABOUT SEARCH ENGINE:

Search engine came into our world in the year of 1990 in the form of “archie”, which was an ftp indexing tool that allowed people to obtain certain files. A “ search engine “ is several interlinked mechanisms that work together to identify pieces of web content like images, videos , website pages, etc… based on the words you type in the search bar. The search engines always looks for the best solution, the right product, the most relevant video & the most accurate answers to better up the search experience of user.  

Search engine look simple from outside but that deceptively easy interchange requires a lot of computation and heavy lifting backstage. The too complicate matters in search engines are the algorithms used for searching. Most of the search algorithms are not only kept secret but are also constantly being changed and revised.  The hard work of search engine start it’s way before you make a search .Search engine work round-the-clock by gathering and organising information. 

FUNCTIONALITY OF A GOOGLE SEARCH ENGINE:

Understanding how a search engine works is vital to know about rank of a website. As the rank of a website is higher, the traffic that the website gets is also higher which leads to more income. The functioning of every search engine begins with the three-step process which is clearly explained in following steps:

CRAWLING:

Search engines rely on crawlers to scour the web information. Crawlers start out with a list of websites. The algorithms dictate crawlers about how many pages to crawl and how frequently.    A crawler is an internet bot that systematically browses the world wide web. Typically used by search engines . These crawlers are also called as spider.   Crawlers visit each site on the list systematically, following through tags like HREF & SRC to     jump to internal or external pages . Over time crawlers build an ever expanding map of interlinking pages

INDEXING & PAGE RANKING:

Once the content from web pages has been crawled, the web pages should be indexed based on the occurrence of multiple keywords.  When the web page content is indexing, the common elements are avoided and indexed information is stored in an organized manner. The organisation of indexed pages is called as page ranking. Search engines use algorithms for determining the rank of a web page.

PageRank is the first algorithm used by Google to evaluate web pages. It uses a simplistic model of web surfing to estimate the probability of browsing to each site on the internet. It uses the concept of random walks in a Directed Acyclic Graph.

The factors include in page ranking are Backlink quality, Mobile friendliness and how recently content was updated or Freshness. Engagement and Page speed. So, These three process steps play a vital role in “Search Engine” for query processing. The following video picturizes about the functionality of google search engine in a clear way.

CONCLUSION:

As billions of search queries per day are being performed in google, The quality of search results is closely monitored by google search quality team. The caffeine index of google takes up around 1,00,000,000 gigabytes and fills “server farms” , thousands of computers of google never get turned off around the globe. Google’s synonym system allows the search engine to recognize when groups of words mean the same thing.  For example: when you type “ dark coloured dresses”, search engine’s will results for black dresses as well as dark tones. That is the engine understands that dark as often synonymous with black

Finally, Google search engine is provided by Google LLC which is handling 40 billion indexed pages containing results along with advertisements in it. The three main reasons why internet user’s love google beside other search engines are because of it’s high quality results and regular updation of search algorithms. This is the reason why google has become most popular search engine even today in the world though it was developed at 1997 and it has almost 92% share of the global search engine market.